巻号一覧
43 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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引張強度の減少について山本 勝太郎1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 359-365
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs one of the fundamental studies on the tensile strength of a fishing gear material, we describe the determination of the tensile strength and the breaking mechanism of nylon mono-filament stretched in a loop hung around a cylinder attached to a tension tester.
The tensile strength was measured by varying the value of d0/D (ratio of the initial diameter d0 of nylon mono-filament to the diameter D of the cylinder). The tensile strength decreased rapidly when d0/D increased and was about half at d0/D=1.
The cross-sectional form of the bending nylon mono-filament looked approximately like a semi-ellipse. Let us put the orthogonal coordinate x-y in this semi-ellipse. The tensile strength F acting on the cross-section is then calculated by the following equation,
F=2∑σ•x•Δy,
where σ is the stress at the parallel line to the x-axis. The calculated results showed a similar tendency to the experimental results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (318K) -
鈴木 亮, 山口 元吉1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 367-373
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain basic information on the artificial production of fry, the effect of temperature upon egg maturation was examined in the loach, Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Young females, divided into four groups, were reared for two months in aquaria regulated at 15°C, 20°C, 25°C and 30°C respectively. Rearing experiments were carried out in the summer, from May 20 to July 18, 1975; and in winter, from November 6, 1975 to January 5, 1976. In both summer and winter experiments, the highest gonadosomatic index ratios were in the groups kept at 25°C and 30°C. Loaches of these two temperature groups were injected with human chorionic gonadotropin, 10 IU/g body weight. At least 79% of injected fish spawned within 8 to 14 hours of injection. The average fertilization and hatching rates of eggs in the group kept at 25°C were markedly higher than in those kept at 30°C. On the other hand, in the groups kept at 15°C and 20°C only about 20% or fewer of the injected fish spawned. Other mature females collected from natural streams were aquariumreared at 25°C from June 1975 to March 1976. They spawned successfully after injection with HCG, even in autumn and winter. The out-of-season eggs developed normally and hatched at a rate similar to that for eggs obtained in the spawning season. Furthermore, other adult females, collected from an outdoor wintering pond at 5.3°C on November 23 and kept for 10 days at 25°C, successfully spawned after the injection of HCG, and the eggs hatched normally. Based on these results, we judge that the critical high temperature for egg maturation of this species is about 30°C and the most suitable, about 25°C, and mature females maintain their full maturity almost all through the year.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (544K) -
山根 重孝, 山田 寿郎1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 375-386
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーHistological changes of the ultimobranchial gland of the masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou, were examined with reference to the serum calcinm and osmotic concentrations at different ecological phases through the life history of the fish. In smolts, the giand cell was higher than that in parrs of the same length. The mitoses were active in large parrs, smoles, and young salmon in the coastal sea, while inactive in maturing salmon. In fresh water ascending salmon, the arrangement of the gland cells was compact; the nuclei elongated in profile and the cytoplasm became more basophilic. Abundant blood capillaries became apparent in the surrounding connective tissue. In pre-ovulating females, the height of the epithelial cell reached a maximum; the cells exhibited a bypertrophy and included extensive infranuclear ergastoplasm, corresponding to the well-developed granular endoplasmic reticulum. Such characteristic features were not observed in the male glands. Degeneration of the epithelial cells in the female glands was noted at ovulation. Alterations of the serum calcium and osmotic concentrations seemed not to be correlated with the above-mentioned morphological changes of the ultimobranchial gland. The findings suggest that the gland may play some sex-related role in the females.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (5106K) -
金 大安, 近藤 仁1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 387-393
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The decrease in strength of netting twines at the knot may be regarded to be due mainly to the frictional force or acting on the tip of the knot. The knot strength T may be given by T=T0/1+μ(s/ρ)eμθ, where T0 is the tensile strength of unknotted netting twines, μ the coefficient of friction between two netting twines forming a knot, s the contact length between the tip and the netting twine compressing it, ρ the radius of curvature of the compressing, and θ the angle at which the compressing rubs with another one in the vicinity of the opposite tip.
2) Knots are arranged in order of strength as follows: the reef knot pulled lengthwise ?? the sheet bend pulled breadthwise ?? the sheet bend pulled lengthwise ?? the reef knot pulled breadthwise.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (376K) -
小川 数也1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 395-407
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe different species of fecal bacteria isolated from marine animals were fed to Tigriopus, Calanus, Paracalanus, Oncaea, Acartia, Candacia, Euchaeta, Euphausia and Macurura. The experimental results of fecal pellets production revealed that the bacteria could be ingested as a form of small micelle or large floc, depending on the developmental degree of the filtering mechanism of animals. Also, the nutritive food value of bacteria or its flocs for the zooplankton was ascertained by surviving longevity, growth, and reproduction.
It could be emphasized that as the enormous amounts of fecal bacteria are considered to be voided by marine animals, the bacterial flocs formed by such types of fecal bacteria have an important role as direct food for zooplankton and not only as a decomposer in the sea. So, marine animals beyond the limit of phylums, play a role of producer as well as consumer through the fecal bacteria.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1826K) -
廣瀬 慶二, 石田 力三, 酒井 清1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 409-416
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study was carried out to find out the effects of delay between ovulation and hand-stripping, with special reference to changes in several characteristics of eggs retained in the body cavity following the induction of ovulation in the ayu with HCG. The processes after ovulation were divided into 4 stages using macroscopical and microscopical techniques. The eggs in stage I were normal while those in stage IV were completely over-ripened eggs which were observed 8 days following ovulation, The eggs in stage II were observed during the whole period of the experiment and seemed to show various qualities. The percentages of eyed eggs and hatched larvae showed their peaks one day after ovulation, followed by rapid decrease. Suggestion has been made that in the ayu the eggs remain in good condition for about 48 hr. Furthermore, the changes in body weight, GSI, water content in the eggs and concentrations of sodium, chloride and potassium in the eggs were discussed in relation to the processes of over-ripening in the ayu.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2193K) -
関口 秀夫1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 417-422
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present paper deals with the feeding habits of sand-eels (Ammodytes personatus), by examining the digestive tract of the specimens obtained in March to June 1974 in Ise Bay.
The planktonic organisms eaten were mainly crustaceans, the most dominant in number and in bulk being Acartia clausi and Paracalanus parvus (Copepoda), which were abundantly found in the environment during the period of sand-eel fisheries. The discrepancy of population density of the two species was not marked in the environment, although Acartia occurred dominantly in March to May and Paracalanus in June. Sand-eels fed exclusively on Acartia in March to May, while Paracalanus was preyed on in June. Sand-eels would prey exclusively on the more dominant one of the two species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (291K) -
ヌクレオチド及び関連化合物の刺激効果日高 磐夫, 清原 貞夫, 小田 新治1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 423-428
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe stimulatory effects of nucleotides and related compounds on the lip chemorecepors of the puffer, Fugu pardalis, were studied by recording electrical responses from the facial nerve innervating the upper lip.
AMP, ADP, ATP, IMP and UMP elicited a response in the nerve, while other ribonucleotides, CMP, GMP and XMP, and deoxyribonucleotides, dAMP, dCMP, dGMP and TMP, did not at 10-3M. Studies with single-fiber preparations showed that all of the above effective nucleotides tend to stimulate the same taste units.
While AMP at 10-3M had a marked stimulatory effect, its component compounds, adenine, D-ribose, inorganic phosphate, adenosine and D-ribose-5-phosphate at the same concentration, all failed to elicit any detectable responses. Adenosine-3'-monophosphate and adenosine-3', 5'-monophosphate at 10-3M also did not elicit any appreciable responses.
A sample of RNA from yeast was also tested. It did not appear to be effective.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (346K) -
吉中 禮二, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 429-435
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーβ-Aminopropionitrile (β-APN) and D-penicillamine, when administered orally to carp, caused a marked decrease in the mechanical strength of the vertebral column and an increase in the amount of soluble collagen in the bone and skin.
Intraperitoneal administration of these drugs to carp also caused a reduction in the mechanical strength of the bone.
When β-APN and D-penicillamine were added to acid-soluble collagen derived from normal carp skin, D-penicillamine, in contrast to β-APN, prevented the formation of stable collagen fibrils in vitro.
These results indicate that the skeletal deformity induced in carp by β-APN and D-penicillamine is due to the reduced mechanical strength of the bone resulting from a collagen maturation defect.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (432K) -
坂口 守彦, 河合 章1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 437-442
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe presence of donors and carriers in the electron transport chain for trimethylamine N-oxide (TMO) reduction was investigated in Escherichi coli.
Formate, NADH, and NADPH were effective electron donore in the crude extract as well as membrane fraction from TMO-induced cells. The electron transfer from formate and NADH to TMO was inhibited by 2-hepty-4hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide, suggesting the participation of b-type cytochromes. The inhibitor, however, failed to inhibit activity of TMO reductase linked to reduced methylviologen.
The functions of the cytochrome and reducase as electron carriers and the physiological importance of the above donors were discussed in relation to the mechanism of TMO reduction in E. coli.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (386K) -
陳 幸臣, 林 雪幸, 呉 全耀, 鍾 忠勇1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 443-447
発行日: 1977年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of this investigation was to modify the conventional method of processing frozen eel (sirayaki). The thermal resistance of E. coli Type I in eel bouillion with varied pH values and NaCl concentration was studied first. The effect of NaCl concentration, baking and freezing on the weight loss and survival of microorganisms in eel filets was then studied in a frozen baked ell processing factory. The resistance of E. coli decreased at pH values far from neutral and also decreased with increasing NaCl concentration at pH 7.0 in all tested eel bouillions. However, the decrease was gradual when the concentration was higher than 10%. The combined effect pH and NaCl lowered the D value for at least 0.96 log cycle when compared with the control. Frozen baked eel pretreated in 10% saline solution for 3 seconds showed reduced weight loss of at least 0.35%, but the reduction in microbial count was not significant. However after freezing there was a significant decrease in the number of microorganisms (p<0.01) in saline-soaked fillets.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (292K) -
コイ肝膵臓におけるデヒドロアスコルバターゼの存在山本 義和, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 449-453
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study deals with the existence in fish tissues of dehydroascorbatase which catalyzes the delactonization of dehydro-L-ascorbic acid (DAsA) and is one of the key enzymes for the catabolism of L-ascorbic acid.
The formation of 2, 3-diketo-L-gulonic acid from DAsA increased in the presence of crude extract of carp hepatopancreas as compared to nonenzymatic delactonization. The dependence of the initial reaction rate on enzyme concentration was established. Heating the enzyme for 5 min at 100°C resulted in the complete loss of its catalytic activity. These results indicate the presence of dehydroascorbatase in carp hepatopancreas. The enzyme activity was found only in the hepatopancreas of carp and exclusively in the soluble fraction, the activity of the carp enzyme being the same as in the rat and higher than in the guinea pig. This enzyme was not detected in any of the other fishes so far tested such as rainbow trout, yellow-tail, eel, mullet, red sea bream, “Ishidai” and “Shimaisaki”.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (294K) -
小泉 千秋, Araceli Leonor, V. MAGLALANG, 野中 順三九1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 455-461
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo dete, research on possible substitutes for nitrite in cured products has focused on ferrohemochrome-forming ligands. Since such a restriction, however was not deemed necessary, color development through ferrihemochrome formation was examined.
Twenty-one nitrogenous bases were tested for their ability to form ferrihemochromes with hematin, metMb, and urea-denatured Mb, in model systems at pH 6.0, 6.5, 7.0, and 8.0.
Imidazole, histidylhistidne, carnosine, phenylalanine ethyl ester, tyrosine ethyl ester, and histidine methyl ester were found to be highly reactive to both hematin and denatured Mb, with imidazole the most reactive of all. The two histidyl peptides showed greater reactivates than histidine.
In general, nitrogenous bases with a high degree of affinity for hematin also reacted well with denatured Mb.
Based on these results, the possibility of using ferrihemochrome-forming nitrogenous bases as nitrite substitutes in cured meat was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (404K) -
小泉 千秋, 野中 順三九1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 463-468
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe pink color of the salted Alaska Pollack roe, “Tarako”, which is cured with either nicotinamide and ascorbate or nicotinic acid and ascorbate is stable under roe product is markedly unstable and fades rapidly accompanying development of a dark hue during storage in a refrigerator.
The color fixation of the salted Alaska pollack roe with imidazole was studies, based on zhe finding that imidazole is capable of forming a fairly stable red pigment, a ferrihemochrome, with hematin and denatured myoglobin. The fresh roe, when salted with 12% NaCl, 0.5% imidazole, and 0.3% ascorbate, rapidly developed the stable red color which was presumed, to be due to the formation of imidazole ferrihemochrome. The fixed color was red with some orange tints, slightly differing from the pink color developed by means of means of nitrite.
Similar results were obtained with histidine menthyl ester and histidylhistidine both of which are capable of forming ferrihemochromes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (394K) -
NAD (P) nucleosidaseの物理化学的および酵素学的性質阿部 宏喜, 清水 千秋, 松浦 文雄1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 469-476
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe physico-chomical and enzymatic properties of NAD (P) nucelsidase from skipjack liver was examined using a partially purified and two purified specimens (Frs. I and II). The molecular weights of Fr. I and II enzymes were estimated to be 30, 000 and 20, 000 and the isoelectric points to be 3.5 and 4.3, respectively. On SDS-electeophoresis, the Fr. II enzyme was found to be composed of two identical or similar subunits. PCMB titration in the presence and absence of 2-mercaptoenthanol demonstrated that this enzyme contains six sulfhydryl groups and two disulfide bonds per molecule.
This skipjack enzyme showed a rather broad optimum pH ranging form 7.8 to 8.0. It was not activated by any of the divalent metal ions tested. On the contrary, a strong acid reversible inhibition was caused by ZnCl2 and CoCl2, Nicotinamide and isonicotinic acid hydrazide inhibited the enzyme uncompetitively, but adenine nucleoyides did not. The uncleosidase was found to hydrolyze NAD (P), 3-acetylridine adenine dinucleotide, and thioNAD, but it did not attack the reduced NAD (P)and nicotinamide mononuclecotide at all. This enzyme exhibited a strong transglycosidase activith.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (662K) -
活魚サバ胃中へのヒスタミン注入の組織崩壊に及ぼす影響大竹 茂夫, 前田 利真, 福井 公一1977 年 43 巻 4 号 p. 477-488
発行日: 1977/04/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーInvestigations were made to clarify whether the rapid softening of the muscle of mackerel (Scomber japonicus) after cathing was caused by histsmine sccumulated in the stomach.
Comparing the activity of pepsin in the stomachs of mackerel administered L-histamine with that in the stomachs of control mackerel administered only physiology-ical salt solution, it was observed that increase in the pepsin activity in the control stpooed within 50 min after administration, whereas that in the treated stomach continued thereafter.
On the other hand, when L-histamine was administered in the stomach of mackerel, the activity of cathepsin D was lowered in the spleen, and increased in the liver and the muscle.
Although breakdown and/or swelling were commonly observed in the muscles, intestines, livers and kidneys in the control and in the treated mackerels with the lapse of time after sacrifice, the breakdown and/or swelling of all tissues in the treated mackerel were more sever than in the control.
A softening mechanism related to the accumulation of histamine in the stomach was diseussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3081K)
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