巻号一覧
43 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の16件中1～16を表示しています
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除草剤モリネートによるコイの貧血について川津 浩嗣1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 905-912
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe toxicity of the herbicide, molinate, to carp was studied. The 21-day lethal centration for the animal was estimated at 0.18ppm. Anemia was found in carp exposed to molinate. This anemia was characterized with a drastic decrease of RBC and Hb levels. In blood smear preparations of carp with anemia, increase in number of immature erythrocyte was observed. However, no cytopathological change was found in their erythrocytes. Miccroaneurysm and punctuate hemorrhage were frequently observed in the gill of anemic carp. Histologically, these alterations consisted of swelling of gill lamella, dilatation and PAS-positive-thickening of capillary wall, and deterioration of pillar cells. No hemosiderin was demomstrated in the spleen of carp with anemia. Thus, it is concluded that herbicide, molinate evoked anemia in carp, and this anemia was due to loss of blood resulting from the alteration of gill-capillary wall.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1563K) -
年令査定の方法と寿命高 有峰, 川口 弘一, 草下 孝也1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 913-919
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn ecologic study of a myctophid fish Diaphus suborbitalis has been made to find out the prey-predator relationship between this fish and the commercially important sergestid shrimp in suruga Bay. This paper describes the method of determining the age of individual fish as a preliminary to describing age structure and composition of the stock. Sampling was made at night by Isaacs Kidd midwater trawl and shrimp and shrimp net, from September 1974 to July 1975, usually at monthly intervals. As a result of otolith ring analysis, the transparent ring was proved to be formed during summer and winter, and the opaque ring during spring and early summer. A pair of these two rings occurs once a year and corresponds to one year of age. Maximum age of this species is estimated to be at least 2.5 years. The relationship between the standard length of body and the radius of the otolith is linear. Standard length backcalculated, using the above linear relationship, is usually underestimated, indicating the presence of Lee's phenomenon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1379K) -
有性生殖器官形成の環境および栄養条件藤田 雄二, 銭谷 武平1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 921-927
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーInvestigations were made on environmental and nutritional conditions for the production of oogonia and oospores in Pythium strains causing laver red rot in Ariake Sea Farm.
Five test strains produced conidia more abundantly than sexual organs, and also produced considerable numbers of oogonia on corn meal 50% sea water agar. But, most of oogonia were abortive an did not develope to mature oospores. The optimal ranges for the production of oogonia and oospores, from the results of two representative strains, were 40-60% sea water and 15-20°C for both strains, and pH 60.-7.0 for strain S1 and pH 7.0-8.0 for strain S2. However, even under such optimal conditions, oospores were not produced abundantly and we found no suitable medium for oospore production among 10 test media. Supplementing vegetable oils such as the oil of corn, soy bean, rapeseed or linseed to glucose-nitrate media were significantly stimulated oospore production, but sterols and laver lipid had little or no effect on its production.
In comparative culture tests, Pythium strains from Ariake Sea produced oogonia and oospores less markedly than strains of Pythium porphyrae from Miyagi Prefecure of Tohoku.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1276K) -
岩井 保, G. M. HUGHES1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 929-934
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe surface to volume ratio for the gill system was examined in larvae of the black sea bream by using positive transparencies of serial sections projected on a rectilinear grid. Morphometric data showed that the ratio for gill filaments decreases markedly at the transitional stage from yolk sac to exogenous food source. Larvae at the end of the yolk sac stage probably have considerable difficulties with gill respiration, as well as food searching.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1164K) -
リノール酸添加量とビタミンE要求量渡辺 武, 竹内 俊郎, 松居 正巳, 荻野 珍吉, 河端 俊治1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 935-946
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFeeding experiments were conducted to investigate the relationship between the requirement for tocopherol and dietary linoleate levels in carp. The results obtained in the feeding experiments showed that the elevated dietary linoleate levels increase the tocopherol requirement of carp, judging from the appearance of apparent muscular dystrophy. The fish receiving the diet with α-tocopherol content less than 10mg per 100g diet at the 5% linoleate level showed apparent muscular dystrophy and gained less body weight than those receiving diets enriched with the vitamin at levels exceeding 30mg per 100g diet. The weight gain of the carp receiving from 10-15% linoleate at a fixed level of 10mg α-tocopherol was low and 35-40% of the fish exhibited apparent muscular dystrophy.
The fat-free and α-tocopherol deficient diets resulted in decreases in 18:2ω6, 20:4ω6 and 22:5ω6, the former diet also result in a marked increase of 16:1, 18:1 and 20:3ω9. Linoleic acid supplements gave increases in 18:2ω6, 20:4ω6 and 22:5ω6 and decreases in 16:1, 18:1 and 20:3ω9, while there were no marked changes in fatty acid distribution attributable to presence of increasing levels of tocopherol in the diet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (687K) -
竹内 俊郎, 渡辺 武1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 947-953
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA feeding experiment was conducted to compare the effects of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) and docosahexaenoic acid (22:6ω3) with that of linolenic acid (18:3ω3) on growth and fatty acid composition of rainbow trout.
The growth rate was much reduced in fish kept on a diet containing 0.5% 18:3ω3. the replacement of 0.5%18:3ω3 with either 0.5%20:5ω3 or 0.5%22:6ω3 markedly increased the growth rate. This result indicates that 20:5ω3 has the same growth enhancing effect as 22:6ω3 and that not only 22:6ω3 but also 20:5ω3 has an EFA efficiency higher than 18:3ω3. The best weight gain was obtained in fish on a diet containing 0.25%of each of 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 respectively, indicating an additive effect between 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 on the growth of rainbow trout. The ratio of 20:3ω9 to 22:6ω3 in livers, an FEA index of rainbow trout, appeared as a low value, 0.4-0.5, in the fish fed diets containing either 20:5ω3 or 22:6ω3. This indicates a nearly normal FEA status, whereas the ratio of the fish receiving 0.5% 18:3ω3 was 0.8, which indicates an insufficient EFA status.
Thus it has been demonstrated that both 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 have a biological efficiency or an EFA efficiency higher than of 18:3ω33 and that the growth enhancing effect of Pollock liver oil is due to an additive effect between 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 in its fatty acid fraction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (414K) -
関 伸夫, 酒谷 博史, 小野沢 鉄彦1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 955-962
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーProteases were extracted from antarctic krill, Euphausia superba, with borate buffer at pH 8.0 They were partially purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. Further. purification performed with chromatohraphy on DEAE-Sephadex A-50 separated them into two trypsin-like proteases and a protease of unknown specificity. The trypsin-like proteases were characterized by their hydrolysis of TAME as well as the inhibition of the activity in the presence of soy-bean trypsin inhibitor. However, the inhibition of the two tryptic activities by PMSF was less than that in the case of bovine trypsin.
All three proteases showed optimal activity at the physiological pH (around 8.0) of krill body fluids. They were stable only in an alkaline medium and digested carp actomyosin. These results suggest that they are responsible for the rapid autolysis of krill body protein which occurs after catching.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (531K) -
ドロメ,アゴハゼ,マハゼおよびアシシロハゼの胸腺にみられる周年変化田村 栄光, 本間 義治1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 963-974
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine the specific factor which provokes the seasonal changes in the thymic activities of gobies four selected species were examined histologically throughout their life-span.
Peak thymic enlargement in all species examined is seen in May to July, whereas the breeding season of these species takes place in early spring or summer. The cyclic patterns in the thymic activities of gobiid fishes may coincide with the annual fluctuation in the duration of day light rather than with cyclic changes in breeding. The greatest relative growth of the thymus occurs in the larval or under-yearling gobies. After larval stage a gradual involution of the thymus occurs day by day. This change differs from that of adult fish which show cyclic variation.
In Chasmichthys gulosus and Acanthogobius flavimanus the hyperplasia of the parenchyma and increase in the amount of connective tissue and epithelial cells take place in parallel with the enlargement of thymus. Hassall's corpuscles and their allied structures, and formation of follicles are demonstrated in the enlarged thymus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2632K) -
大竹 茂夫, 福井 公一, 寺岡 一明, 吉田 寿穂1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 975-981
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been recognized that the protein contained in waste water from fish paste-manufacturing factories could be recovered effectively by electrocoagulation. In this process, the waste water is passed in a continuous flow through the electocoagulating vessel from the bottom upwards. The conditions required to obtain the most favorable results, i.e., 95.8% respectively of the crude protein (CP) and 61.1 and 62.3% reduction of COD and SS, respectively, were as follows.
Electrocoagulating vessel: a cylinder having bottom area (cm2) and height (cm) dimensions in ratio of 1:1.
Electrodes: an iron plate charged negatively at the top of the vessel, and a carbon plate charged positively at the bottom.
Flow rate of waste water: a volume of waste water flowing through the electro- coagulating vessel per hour approximately equal to the volume of the coagu- lating vessel.
Voltage and electric current: 380 V and 440mA for a vessel of four liters.
The current concentration was rather high on the basis of laboratory experiments, but might be reduced by the improvement of equipment design.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (420K) -
ミオゲンとエステラーゼの変異型藤野 和男, 長屋 信博1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 983-988
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBiochemical polymorphism is useful in breeding science for identifying wild populations as germplasm resources and for selective breeding when adaptive value, heterosis, or association with economic traits are detected. In a series of such studies, genetic variations in myogen from adductor muscle and esterases from digestive diverticula of the Pacific oyster, Crassostrea gigas, sampled from Iwte Prefecture and Miyagi Prefecture, were examined and compared with the results obtained by other authors on populations from Puget Sound, U.S.A., Brittany, France and Conway, Great Britain.
Described were three phenotypes in the myogen locus and ten phenotypes comprising four sets of bands in the esterase S zone locus. Poor reproducibility of the zymograms, however, made an accurate description of variations in the esterase F zone difficult. The occurrence of the two bands a and b in each set of the S zone suggested a separate locus, Which modifies the mobilities of bands in the S zone. The locus appeared to be associated with that of the esterase S zone. No association was observed between the two loci of myogen and esterase S zone.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (326K) -
山本 義和, 石井 知幾, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 989-993
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis paper deals with the effect of dietary L-ascorbic acid (AsA) on the accumulation of copper in tissues of carp exposed to the copper solution ag a level of 0.05ppm for 9 weeks. The copper content in the hepatopancreas of carp fed the AsA- supplemented diet significantly decreased as compared to that of carp fed the AsA-free diet. Prevention of copper accumulation by AsA intake was also observed in the gills, kidney, intestine and vertebrae. The AsA copper. Further, the accumulation of copper in the hepatopancreas caused a decrease in the hepatic L-gulonolactone oxidase activity.
These results indicated that AsA prevents the accumulation of copper and that accumulated copper decreases the AsA level in the hepatopancreas by inhibiting the biosynthesis of AsA in carp.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (348K) -
奥谷 康一1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 995-1000
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAspergillus MO-10, isolated from the bottom mud of Seto Inland Sea grew well in an ordinary sea water medium and produced an antibiotic substance in the culture medium. This substance was adsorbed on to charcoal from the culture filtrate and eluted with chloroform. The substance was crystallized from the ethanol solution after the evaporation of chloroform.
The elemental analysis of the substance gave a calculated value equal to that of gliotoxin(C18H14N2O4S2) and the UV, IR, NMR and MS spectra showed good agreement with those of gliotoxin.
Although the present sample has not been compared with a synthetic specimen of gliotoxin, the analytical and spectroscopic evidence mentioned above indicate that the isolated substance from Aspergillus MO-10 is probably gliotoxin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1078K) -
大場 健吉, 杉山 豊樹, 三浦 千明, 森崎 やよい1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 1001-1008
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn case of evaluating possible effects on fish of lower levels of anionic surfactants present in the natural aquatic environment, the authors thought that it wax necessary to examine the effect of LAS on Japanese killifish, Oryzias latipes, in a dynamic system taking account of molecular change caused by biodegradation.
Considering the decrease in surfactant molecules and the changes in the distribution of the homologues and isomers of LAS (linear alkylbenzene sulfonate), the influence of LAS in the course of biodegradation on the mortality and hatchability of Japanese killifish was determined using a continuous flow river model. And there results was compared with the case of intact LAS in a static bioassay system.
It was shown that biodegraded LAS was less toxic for every stage of killifish in the river model than was intact LAS in the static bioassay. The longer alkyl chain homogues and external phenyl isomers, although more toxic for fish, were more rapidly biodegraded. To evaluate the effects of easily biodegradable chemicals such as LAS present in the natural aquatic the effects of easily biodegradable chemicals such as LAS present in the natural aquatic environment on aquatic organisms, the use of river models appears to be a promising new technique for the study of various environmental factors, e.g., biodegradation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (496K) -
内田 有恆, 渡辺 至, 原田 和樹, 左子 芳彦, 門田 元1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 1009-1013
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe spores of Bacillus subtilis which were injured by heat treatment at 90°C for 10min were not able to germinate in Demain's minimal agar medium. The injured spores, however, underwent recovery and germinated when the medium was supplemented with glycine, threonine or homoserine. These auxotrophic characters were genetically inherited.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (278K) -
安元 健, Raumond BAGNIS, Sylvie THEVENIN, Monique GARCON1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 1015-1019
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate the transmission of ciguatoxin through the food chain and thus determine the primary source of the toxin, fish and mollusks of various feeding habits were collected from three ciguatera-endemic areas of French Polynesia. The specimens included carnivores, herbivores, surface grazers, coral feeders, sediment feeders, and filter defers. Despite such diversity in feeding habits, all the fish specimens were more of less toxic by our screening method for ciguatoxin. The mollusks were non-toxic. Subsequent tests on the diets of these fish disclosed strong toxicity in a sample consisting of algae and detritus collected from the surface of dead coral of the Gambier Islands. Microscopic observation revealed the presence of a large number of a species of dinoflagellate in this sample. Comparison of similar samples from other places indicated that the dinoflagellate might be the cause of the toxicity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (264K) -
安元 健, 中島 一郎, Raymond BAGNIS, 安達 六郎1977 年 43 巻 8 号 p. 1021-1026
発行日: 1977/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーExperiments were designed to see whether a dinoflagellate, Diplopsalis sp. nov, found in a toxic sample of detritus collected from a ciguatera-endemic area is the cause of ciguatera.
The dinoflagellate in the detritus was separated from other materials by means of sedimentation and sieving through sieves of various mesh sizes. Bioassay of the dinoflagellaterich samples thus obtained proved that the toxicity of each sample was proportionally related to the number of the dinoflagellate cells in the sample. Subsequent extraction of the dinoflagellate sample followed by fractionation of the extracts with solvents afforded two major toxins; a diethyl ether soluble toxin and an acetone precipitable toxin. The former toxin was judged to be identical, or closely related, to ciguatoxin, a major toxin in ciguatera, on the basis of various column and thin layer chromatographic properties. A close similarity was also observed between the acetone precipitable toxin and maitotoxin, a secondary toxin isolated from ciguateric surgeonfish.
Judging from these results, it was concluded that Diplopsalis sp. nov is very likely to be the cause of ciguatera.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (326K)
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