巻号一覧
44 巻, 11 号
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上顎長の魚種による特性代田 昭彦1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1171-1177
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, it was concluded that the quicker the growth of fish, the greater is the mouth size at the beginning of feeding, based on the relationship between total length and size of mouth in 40 kinds of freshwater and marine fishes, However, the characteristics of the upper jaw length in the larval stage of fishes are not well known.
In the present paper, in order to know the specific characteristics mentioned above, upper jaw length of 11 kinds of marine fish larvae, such as Scombridae, Carangidae, Serranidae, Sparidae. Scombresocidae and Engraulidae, were measured and the ratio of upper jaw length to total length were compared.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) A marked inflection on the curve of total length-upper jaw length relationship is mainly found in the larval stage.
2) It was found that the type of the curve and the total length at the inflection point are different among species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1093K) -
魚類の上顎比曲線と形態的・生態的変化代田 昭彦1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1179-1182
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, it was reported that a marked inflection occurs in the ratio of the upper jaw length to total length accompanying the growth of larval marine fishes. However, the meaning of the phenomenon is not explained.
In the present paper, in order to clarify the biological significance of the inflection, Lateolabrax japonicus and Pagrus major were selected, because morphological, physiological and ecological studies in the larval stage of these fishes are advanced. The knowledge on the formation of fin rays, development of alimentary canal, change of feeding habit etc. in the larval stage of these species were compared respectively with total length at the inflection point obtained from the relation between the upper jaw length as a percentage of total length and total length of fish.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) It was noticed that the period of completion of fin rays and of digestive organs in the larval stage is shown by the total length at the inflection point.
2) The transitional period from post-larvae to juveniles could be shown by the total length at the inflection point.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (269K) -
楠木 豊1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1183-1185
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーQuantities of faecal material produced by the Japanese oyster varied seasonally, reaching maxima in October. This seasonal rate was caused by activities of the gills of oysters. Daily quantities (V) of suspended matter removed by the gills of a single oyster could be calculated by means of the equation
V(mg/day)=suspended matter (mg/l) × filtration rate (l/h)×24.
As a part of this calculated quantity was digested and absorbed, quantities of faecal material produced were a little smaller than that of suspended matter calculated using the above equation.
Oysters retained approximately 40 to 50 per cent of the suspended matter contained in the inhalent current and this rate did not vary throughout the year, therefore, daily quantities of suspended matter removed could also be estimated from the rates of water transport.
Rates of filtration and water transport per gram wet weight of meat were a linear function of the water temperature (t°C) and could be expressed by equations
Filtration rate (l/h/g of meat) =-0.308+0.066t
Rate of water transport (l/h/g of meat)=-0.002+0.109t抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (221K) -
諸喜田 茂充1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1187-1195
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe interspecific crossing between Macrobrachium asperulum from Taiwan and M. shokitai from Iriomote Island of the Ryukyus was tried under laboratory conditions. These two species were quite easily crossed, and their hybrid offsprings developed normally but proved to be sterile. Three larval stages, two zoeal and one megalopal, were passed through before going into the first juvenile stage. Major characteristics of these stages are described, and systematic relationships are discussed among M. asperulum, M. shokitai and M. formosense.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (559K) -
メダカの成長に対する群の影響神田 猛, 板沢 靖男1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1197-1200
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEffects of density and group size on food intake and growth rate were studied with immature medaka.
Higher density reduced the growth rate in the groups of more than two fish. In the fixed density (300cm3/1 fish), the growth rate and the feed conversion efficiency increased with increase of group size up to six fish. No relationship was observed between the food intake and the group size.
The results of the present and previous studies imply that the growth rate increased with increase of group size up to six fish, because of increased feed conversion efficiency owing to decreased oxygen consumption per unit weight, although the food intake did not increase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (292K) -
コイ目山本 雅道, 上田 一夫1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1201-1206
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe olfactory rosettes of 15 species of the Cypriniformes were studied by scanning and transmission electron microscopy. Olfactory lamellae are similar in surface features to one another among 15 species examined. A feature specific to the Cypriniformes is a patchy distribution of dense cilia. The ciliary patches are scattered not only on the olfactory lamellae but on the floor of the olfactory chamber. The ciliary patch consists of a cluster of type 1 ciliated cells (cells giving off numerous cilia from the wide and flat free surface.) In the peripheral zone along the distal margin of each lamella, the ciliary patches are surrounded by non-ciliated indifferent epithelium. In the central to basal region of each lamella, the ciliary patches are surrounded by sensory epithelium which is composed of type 2 ciliated cells (cells protruding a round cell apex from which 4-6 cilia project radially), microvillous cells (cells having a tuft of many microvilli) and supporting cells. Rod cells which protrude a short rod from the free surface are occasionally found in the sensory epithelium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1323K) -
ウナギ目・ハダカイワシ目山本 雅道, 上田 一夫1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1207-1212
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe peripheral olfactory organs of Anguilla japonica, Conger myriaster, Microdonophis erabo, Gymnothorax kikado (Anguilliformes) and Trachinocephalus myops (Myctophiformes) were examined by scanning electron microscopy. In four species of the Anguilliformes, the olfactory rosette is very elongate in shape and consists of a large number (100--130) of lamellae. Almost whole surface of the lamellae is covered uniformly with dense cilia which arise mostly from type 1 ciliated cells (cells giving off many long cilia from the flat and wide surface). The type 2 ciliated cells (cells protruding a hillock-like cell apex from which several cilia project radially) and the microvillous cells (cells bearing many microvilli in a tuft) are present under the dense cilia. The rod cells (cells protruding a simple rod) occur singly or in groups.
In Trachinocephalus myops, the peripheral olfactory organ consists of 8-10 lamellae which are arranged in the shape of a fan. On each face of the lamellae, a broad non-ciliated zone along the distal margin of the lamella (indifferent epithelium) surrounds a central ciliated region (sensory epithelium). In the sensory epithelium, the type 1 ciliated cells, type 2 ciliated cells and microvillous cells are scattered evenly but rather sparsely.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1962K) -
三子糸の断面形状と撚の限界について山本 勝太郎1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1213-1216
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe theory of geometry of the 3-ply cord developed in this paper is based on the assumption that the cylindrical strand in the cord has the form of a simple helix around the cord axis. The geometrical analysis yields a ratio of the helix radius to the ply radius, a/b, with varying helix angle of ply axis, θ, for defining the cross-sectional form of the ply in the cord.
As a result, the sectional form of the ply in the cord cross-section can not be regarded as an ellipse in the range of the helix angle of the ply axis of over 30° up to 60°, (θm) maximum cord twist.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (233K) -
麦谷 泰雄1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1217-1221
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEffects of estradiol on skeletal tissue calcification were examined in the goldfish, Carassius auratus. The fish were given estradiol-17β and placed in a tank containing 45Ca. 45Ca deposition on the vertebra, rib and otolith was examined with a gas flow counter. The calcium content of the tissues was determined with atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Plasma calcium was also analysed to monitor the effect of the hormone.
1. A single injection of estradiol resulted in marked hypercalcemia.
2. Calcium deposition on the vertebra and the rib was significantly inhibited by 43% and 38%, respectively, at an early stage of estrogenization.
3. No effect was found in the otolith.
4. Calcium content of the tissues remained unchanged following estrogenization.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (341K) -
渡辺 武, 荒川 敏久, 北島 力, 福所 邦彦, 藤田 矢郎1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1223-1227
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe relationship between the nutritional quality of various kinds of living feed used in the seed production of fish and their culture media was investigated from the viewpoint of essential fatty acids (EFA) for fish.
Tigriopus were found to contain relatively high amounts of 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω (ω3HUFA), the EFA of fish, without regard to its culture media, such as baker's yeast and soy sauce cake, this results suggests a good food value for fish. On the other hand, the content of ω3 HUFA in the lipid of Moina was significantly affected by the culture media. Moina cultured with the yeast were high in the content of monoethylenic fatty acids and low in the content of ω3 HUFA, while those cultured with poultry manure were high in the concentration of 20:5ω3, indicating that the former is inferior to the latter as living feed forfish.
Acartia collected in the sea were found to be a superior living feed for marine fish. They contained both 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 in a fairly high level, taking 30-60% as the total ω3 HUFA, although a seasonal variation was observed in the level of ω3 HUFA. Daphnia were also found to be a suitable feed for fish, judging from the EFA content.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (369K) -
P. M. SIVALINGAM, S. THAVARAJ1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1229-1237
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn investigation on the efficiency of the irrigational biodegradation canal method treatment of palm oil mill sludge indicated that there was practically no significant change in its B. O. D. value. Its adverse toxicity effects on aquatic organisms such as Cyprinus carpio, Liza subviridis VALENCIENNES, and Anadara granosa from the various established stations also demonstrated the seriousness of the problem. Microbial gas production studies and total microbial counts of the samples indicated their activity and bacterial counts to be highest at sations nearest to the factory, excluding that within the premises of the factory proper.
Productivity studies of the vegetation in the land adjacent to the biodegradation canal indicated higher productivity at points nearer to the canal itself while productivity decreased progressively towards points farthest from it. This phenomenon is attributed to the large deposition of minerals from sludge into the soil, the lowering in soil pH walues, and possibly osmotic capillary processes, resulting in the inhibition of the growth of each organism.
Based on these results, it is evident that the problem of organic pollutants from sludge discharged from palm oil mills is yet to be tackled and that an alternative treatment method of this agro-waste should be considered to protect the Malaysian aquatic environment from depletion of its protein resources in the very near future.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (599K) -
深海魚Seriollela sp.筋肉脂質中のメトキシグリセリルエーテルについて林 賢治, 高木 徹1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1239-1243
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMethoxy glyceryl ethers isolated from the flesh neutral lipids of the deep-sea teleost fish Seriollela sp. were identified by infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance, and gas liquid chromato-graphy-mass spectrometry. These compounds (0.9% in neutral lipids) were composed of ethers with saturated 16 carbon atoms, 1-Ο-(2-methoxyhexadecyl)-glycerol (76.5%), and the homologues saturated 18 carbon atoms (10.4%) in the long alkyl chains, excluding the methoxy group.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (285K) -
野口 玉雄, 安達 六郎, 井口 雅文, 神谷 久男, 橋本 周久1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1245-1248
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe occurrence of toxic bivalves was surveyed in several bays in association with Gonyaulax planktons. Warious bivalves, such as short-necked clam and mussel, collected in April and May, 1976, in Ise Bay showed a maximum toxicity of 100 MU/g of whole soft body. The mussel collected in January and February, 1977, in Owase Bay exhibited a maximum toxicity of 70 MU/g of whole soft body. In the former case, a Gonyaulax bloom occurred almost in parallel with the appearance of toxic bivalves, indicating their close association. In the latter case, no bloom was observed.
On the other hand, as high a toxicity as 800 MU/g was encountered with the mid-gut gland of scallop collected in May, 1976, in Ofunato Bay where no visible Gonyaulax bloom has so far been observed. The toxicity values of the ovary and adductor muscle of scallop were 45 and 20 MU/g, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (179K) -
安元 健, 大島 泰克, 山口 孫一1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1249-1255
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA series of food poisonings resulting from eating mussels and scallops harvested in the Tohoku District occurred in late June of both 1976 and 1977. A total of 164 persons were officially documented to have suffiered severe vomiting and diarrhea. Toxicity studies using mouse assay on the left-over foods and on shellfishes from the areas where the causative specimens were harvested revealed the presence of an unknown fat-soluble toxin in the hepatopancreas of the shellfishes.
The dominant symptoms in human cases were diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. The onset time of these symptoms ranged from 30 minutes to a few hours after ingestion and the victims recovered after three days without any ill effects. Epidemiological data indicated that as little as 12 MU of toxin was enough to induce a mild form of poisoning in humans. In 1976 this remarkable toxicity of shellfishes was recognized only in the areas around Motoyoshi-cho, Miyagi Prefecture. In 1977, however, the toxic region spread along a 100 km stretch of Sanriku Coast from Onagawa Bay, Miyagi Prefecture, to Okirai Bay, Iwate Prefecture. In addition, shellfishes in Mutsu Bay, Aomori Prefecture and in Funka Bay, Hokkaido, also bore the toxin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (492K) -
窒素除去率について三橋 薫, 吉田 陽一1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1257-1260
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe high rate removal of total N has been observed since January 1975 in the treatment water in a lagoon with intermittent aeration at the plant of fish and meat packing of Daito Shokuhin Co. Ltd. To clarify why the high rate removal of total N has been obtained by the treatment of waste water in the lagoon and to find the method and the operation to raise the removal rate of nitrogen further, the contents of organic and inorganic introgen compounds in influent and effluent and the removal rate of nitrogen were observed from March 1976 to February 1977. The contents of total N in the influent and effluent ranged from 8.1 to 25.7 mg-N/l and from 0.32 to 7.5 mg-N/l, respectively, and the average and maximum removal rates of nitrogen were ca. 85 and 98%, respectively. Further, the removal of excess sludge and the addition of organic matter such as methanol were not needed in the present treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (236K) -
硝化・脱窒活性について三橋 薫, 吉田 陽一1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1261-1264
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo clarify the mechanism of the nitrogen removal at a high rate and the best aeration conditions for removing nitrogen at high rates, the activities of nitrification and denitrification and the relation between the aeration condition and the removal rate of nitrogen were examined. The nitrate N in lagoon water increased remarkably during the period of on-aeration and decreased the same way under the condition of off-aeration, but nitrite and ammonium N usually did not change so much between the on- and off-aeration conditions. A shortening of aeration time during treatment decreased nitrate N in the effluent water, but increased ammonium N. However, the operation under an adequate time of aeration was found to be able to maintain these inorganic nitrogen compounds at a very low level and to raise the removal rate of nitrogen in waste water significantly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (231K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1265-1268
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study demonstrated that the chiton, Liolophura japonica, the most primitive mollusk among the phylum Mollusca, was capable of converting cholesterol-4-14C to 7-cholestenol, probably via cholestanol. The significance of this result is discussed in relation to the sterol components of this mollusk.
After injection of cholesterol-4-14C, radioactive metabolites were identified by thin-layer chromatography (adsorbents: Kieselgel G and silver nitrate-impregnated Kieselgel G) and preparative gas-liquid chromatograpgy on 3.0% OV-17. Finally, the identification of radioactive 7-cholestenol and cholestanol was confirmed by the constant specific activity (dpm/mg) during repeated crystallizations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (274K) -
手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1269-1274
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis paper deals with the release and transport of lipids in the prawn, Penaeus japonicus.
The hepatopancreas obtained from the prawn after injection of palmitic acid-14C contained an abundance of radioactive phospholipids (PL) with rather large amounts of triglycerides (TG) and free fatty acids (FFA). When the in vivo prelabelled hepatopancrtas, containing mainly radioactive PL and TG, was reincubated in vitro in the prawn serum, PL, TG, and FFA were released into the incubation medium. Also, the in vitro reincubation of the predlabelled hepatopancreas containing mainly TG showed that TG was the major liped class released into the incubation medium. In addition, the present study suggests that the release of hepatopancreatic lipids in the prawn is accelerated by some factor (probably lipoproteins) of the prawn serum.
These facts can be explained by the proposal that PL, TG, and FFA are the principal lipid moieties released from the hepatopancreas into the hemolymph in the prawn, P. japonicus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (472K) -
鈴木 たね子, 神名 孝一, 岡崎 恵美子, 守田 典子1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1275-1281
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe manufacture of the meat-textured fish protein concentrate (MT-FPC), i.e., the FPC possessing the texture characteristic of livestock meat, was attempted from the following fishes: lizard fish Saurida undosquamis, croaker Micropogon undulatus, blue withing Gadus micromesistius poutasso, pampanito Stromateus brasiliensis, sardine Sardinops melanosticta, and mackerel Scomber japonicus. Essentially the same method as reported previously for Alaska pollack was applied. The muscle proteins of the lizard fish and blue whiting were found to be extremely denatured by solubility and ultracentrifugal examinations.
MT-FPC products of good rehydration capacity were obtained from the lizard fish, croaker, and blue whiting, that from blue whiting being the best. The MT-FPC products from the other three fishes still contained 14-21% lipid. The pampanito product was judged unsuitable for human food, because its lipid is for the most part composed of toxic glyceryl ethers.
Sensory evaluation revealed that blue whiting MT-FPC can replace, livestock meat as much as 70% on a wet basis: the hamburg steak thus prepared was much more palatable than the one containing 70% soy bean protein.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1423K) -
海綿動物におけるカロテノイド分布田中 淑人, 副島 琢巳, 片山 輝久1978 年 44 巻 11 号 p. 1283-1285
発行日: 1978/11/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe carotenoids from eight species of sea sponge were isolated and identified. The main carotenoid of each sponge was determined: zeaxanthin in Spirastrella insignis and Callyspongia confoederata, astaxanthin in Haliclona permollis, tedanin in Clathria frondifera and Tedania digitata, trikentriorhodin in Agelas mauritiana, renieratene in Tetya amamensis, and isorenieratene in Hymeniacidon penicillata. Sea sponges can be divided into two groups according to the main carotenoids: a), sea sponges containing hydrocarbon carotenoids and b) sea sponges containing xanthophyll carotenoids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (109K)
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