巻号一覧
44 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の18件中1～18を表示しています
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三好 英夫1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 197-202
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEleven strains of anaerobic bacteria capable of digesting cellulose have been isolated from marine environments. These isolates were Gram negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria, and could be divided into three groups: six strains of a yellow-pigmented group; three strains of a non-pigmented group; and two strains of a light brown-pigmented group. For characterizing the isolates detailed examinations were carried out with representative isolates: yellow-pigmented strain Y; light brown-pigmented strain B; and non-pigmented strain W. No essential difference was found between these strains in respect to biochemical reactions, inorganic requirements, or major organic acid accumulated in the cultures. Some differences were noted in the spectra of carbon and nitrogen sources as well as in the patterns of vitamin requirements. The strains did not correspond with any previously described species, and could probably be considered as new species belonging to genus Bacteroides.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (423K) -
土屋 隆英, 山田 昇, 森 寿代, 松本 重一郎1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 203-207
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMyosin of the obliquely striated mantle muscle of squid, Ommastrephes sloani pacificus, was isolated by the authors' method and its ATPase profiles were studied under various reaction con-ditions. With Ca2+ (5mM) or Mg2+ (1mM) present and in 600mM KCI, the activity-pH curve showed 2 peaks, at pH 7.0 and near pH 8.5, where the activity with Ca2+ was higher than that with Mg2+. The activity-ionic strength curve gave a peak at 0.2M KCI with declining slope beyond that concentration. Ca2+ activated the ATPase with a maximum effect at 1-9mM, while Mg2+ caused a slight activation with a maximum effect at 0.1mM. The activity was depressed with EDTA for all concentrations between 0.1-1mM, but in a different manner from the ATPase of skeletal muscle myosins. PCMB did not affected either Ca2+-ATPase or EDTA-ATPase. These profiles of the squid myosin ATPase were compared with those of the myosin ATPases from other sources. The squid myosin ATPase was found to be very different from the skeletal muscle myosin ATPases and, in some detailed points, distinct from the myosin ATPases from invertebrate and nonmuscular sources.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (314K) -
小泉 千秋, 飯山 秀一, 和田 俊, 野中 順三九1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 209-216
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe rates of lipid deteriorations of freeze-dried big-eye tuna, a typical red muscle fish, and halibut, a typical white muscle fish, were studied as a function of moisture equilibrium relative humidity at 25°C.
At relative humidities of 0 and 11%, corresponding to below the monomolecular layer of water, the lipids of both fish underwent oxidation, as estimated by TBA value measurements. The rates of oxidation were faster in the big-eye tuna than in the halibut. Furthermore, the triglycerides of halibut were hydrolyzed enzymatically even at a relative humidity of 11%, though no hydrolysis of the triglycerides of big-eye tuna was detectable at the same relative humidity.
On the other hand, at higher relative humidities, such as 52 and 71%, neither fish underwent oxidative deterioration. However, the lipids were hydrolysed enzymatically during storage, with the exception of the phospholipids of big-eye tuna at 52% r. h. The hydrolyses of lipids were more significant in the halibut than in the big-eye tuna.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (579K) -
菊池 武昭, 本多 均, 石川 美雪, 山中 英明, 天野 慶之1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 217-222
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe possibility of removing mercury from fish heavily contaminated by methyl mercury was examined in two series of rearing experiments using two marine species of fish: conger eel (Astroconger myriaster) and sea bream (Chrysophrys major).
In the first series, conger eel, caught from Kagoshima Bay, which had natural levels of mercury of 1.0ppm in the muscle tissue, 0.67ppm in the spleen, and 1.8ppm in the liver, were kept in plain sea water and fed with raw fish flesh for seven weeks. The mercury levels were reduced to one-half in 5 weeks for the muscle and spleen, and in 3 weeks for the liver.
In the second series, sea bream were fed for 7 weeks with pellets containing either methyl mercury or mercuric chloride at a level of 1.0ppm, and subsequently fed with either commercial pellet feed or pellets impregnated by a mixture of cysteine, pectin, and chitosan for another 7 weeks.
The mercury concentrations at the end of the first feeding period were 0.9ppm in the kidney and 0.25-0.4ppm in the muscle, liver, brain, and spleen. However, during the subsequent feeding period, the mercury level was reduced to a level less than 0.2ppm in every tissue examined, with best results in the group fed with the pellets supplemented by the mixture mentioned.
In the case of feeding with pellets containing mercuric chloride, the mercury level in any part hardly reached the level of 0.2ppm, even after a 7 weeks' period. This may suggest that mercury in this chemical form will excrete readily.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (354K) -
酒本 秀一, 米 康夫1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 223-225
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine the amount of dietary iron required by red sea bream, Chrysophrys major, the effect of dietary iron on some biological and chemical characteristics of the blood were examined by using fish which received diets with different levels of iron over a 90-day feeding trial. The fish fed dietary iron levels lower than 15 mg/100 g showed lower values for mean corpuscular constants of blood and iron content and iron saturation index of blood serum, and higher values for total iron binding capacity and unsaturated iron binding capacity of blood serum than those found for the fish receiving higher dietary iron levels. From these results, it is concluded that the iron requirement of red sea bream is approximately 15 mg per 100 g diet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (184K) -
酒本 秀一, 米 康夫1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 227-229
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRed sea bream, Chrysophrys major, fed diets containing different levels of phosphorus for 76 days were analyzed to determine the chemical composition of the entire body, dorsal muscle, liver, and vertebrae. It was found that the decrease of the dietary phosphorus level resulted in the increase in the lipid contents of the muscle, liver, and vertebrae and in the decrease in the glycogen content of the liver and in the crude ash, calcium, and phosphorus content of the vertebrae. Little difference, however, was noted in the Ca/P ratio in the vertebrae among the various experimental groups.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (180K) -
下村 昌夫, 関 伸夫1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 231-238
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCarp troponin was extracted with 0.4M LiCI from washed muscle and purified by SP-Sephadex chromatography. The purified troponin showed three components, with molecular weights of 30, 000 21, 000, and 19, 000, on its SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoretogram.
The troponin was fractionated into its 19, 000 component and a complex of its 30, 000 and 21, 000 components by chromatography on SP-Sephadex in 6M urea (pH 6.4) with a linear KCI gradient. The 30, 000 component and a complex of 19, 000 and 21, 000 components were separated from the troponin by SP-Sephadex chromatography in an alkaline solution containing 6M urea. The 21, 000 component was isolated from the complex of 19, 000 and 21, 000 components by DEAE-Sephadex chromatography in 6M urea.
The 19, 000 component is a water soluble protein and has a characteristic ultraviolet absorption spectrum with maxima at 253, 259, 265, 269, 275, and 283 nm. The 30, 000 component is a water insoluble protein.
In the absence of tropomyosin, neither the 19, 000 component, the complex of 30, 000 and 21, 000 components, nor a mixture of these three components had any effect on the calcium sensitivity of desensitized carp actomyosin. In the presence of tropomyosin, neither the 19, 000 component, the 30, 000 component, nor the mixture of both components had any effect on the ATPase activity of the desensitized actomyosin. Both the complex of 30, 000 and 21, 000 components and the complex of 19, 000 and 21, 000 components inhibited the ATPase activity in both the presence and the absence of Ca2+. The 19, 000 component effectively neutralized the inhibitory effect of the complex of 30, 000 and 21, 000 components only in the presence of Ca2+. The troponin activity was completely reproduced when all three components were added to the desensitized actomyosin in the presence of tropomyosin.
The 30, 000, 21, 000, and 19, 000 components of carp troponin were identified as troponin-T, -I, and -C, respectively, on the basis of these results.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (833K) -
今野 久仁彦1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 239-246
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMyofibrils were prepared from frozen and fresh carp dorsal and rabbit skeletal muscles using the original method of YANG et al. The Ca sensitivity was estimated by measuring the Mg-ATPase activity in the presence and absence of Ca.
1) It was found that a desensitization of myofibrils to the action of Ca was successfully achieved by repeated washings with dilute buffer solution.
2) Desensitized myofibrils suspended in 0.1M KCl, pH 7.5, were only slightly converted into Ca-sensitive ones upon the addition of relaxing protein, while relaxing protein was capable of binding with desensitized myofibrils under the same conditions. But the myofibrils previously dissolved in 0.6M KCl, were effectively converted into Ca sensitive ones in the presence of relaxing protein, except for the combinations of desensitized myofibrils from rabbit frozen muscle and carp relaxing protein.
3) The desensitized myofibrils from rabbit frozen skeletal muscle can be made equally responsive to carp and rabbit relaxing proteins either by heating at 35°C or by treating with 1M urea at 25°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2452K) -
佐藤 実, 佐藤 美和, 土屋 靖彦1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 247-250
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the adductor muscle of the scallop, Patinopecten yessoensis, two acidic amino acids were detected and isolated by ion exchange chromatography. One, obtained as needles, was identified as meso-α-iminodipropionic acid (I), which has recently been isolated from the muscle of the squid Todarodes pacificas. The other compound, obtained as prisms, was inferred to be D-α-iminopro-pioacetic acid (II) by elemental analysis and mass, NMR, ORD, and IR spectrometries; this was confirmed by comparison with data from an authentic specimen. In the liquid chromatography the peak of II appeared between cysteic acid and taurine, overlapping practically with that of I. It is very interesting to note that both I and II have a D-alanine moiety in the molecule, as do octopine and lysopine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (197K) -
中川 平介1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 251-257
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAlbumin and globulin fractions were isolated from the plasma of yellow tail, Seriola quinqueradiata, by the classical salting-out method. Physico-chemical analyses showed that the albumin fraction is composed of several components possessing relatively higher electrophoretic mobilities and lower molecular sizes than the globulin components.
The dominant albumin component was a kind of lipoglycoprotein, with a molecular weight between 160, 000 and 180, 000, which possessed a BPB-binding ability and a high mobility. In addition, none of the albumin components was found to fit completely the definition of mammalian serum albumin.
The molecular weights of the globulin components were more than 250, 000. The presence of plural lipoproteins was observed in the globulin fraction as well as in the albumin fraction.
Several methods of evaluating the albumin/globulin ratio were compared. Dye-binding methods were inadequate with yellow tail plasma. On the other hand, the values obtained by the cellulose acetate electrophoresis method and the salting-out method were found to correlate with a correlation coefficient of +0.43 (n=50).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (348K) -
アルプミンのアミノ酸組成中川 平介, 鹿山 光1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 259-262
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA carp plasma albumin was defatted and its protein moiety was analyzed to obtain the amino acid composition and sugar content. It contained 12.99% of nitrogen. This carp plasma albumin was characterized by relatively high contents of glutamic acid, leucine, and lysine, and by the absence of cystine. The carbohydrate constituent was determined to include 1.13% of neutral sugar and 0.56% of hexosamine in the protein moiety. These results suggest that the carp plasma albumin is more comparable to human serum albumin than to human serum β1-lipoprotein.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (277K) -
吉中 禮二, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 263-267
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCollagenolytic activity was found to be present in various digestive organs of nineteen species of teleost. The activity was detected in the pancreas, the pyloric caeca together with the surrounding fatty tissue, the intestine, the mesentery, and the mesenteric and fatty tissue around the intestine. When considered together with the fact that the pancreatic tissue is diffuse in many teleosts, these findings suggest that collagenase originates from the pancreas.
In the cases of rainbow trout and yellow-tail, collagenase was detected in the fatty tissue between the pyloric caeca rather than in the caeca themselves. These findings substantiate the theory that collagenase is of pancreatic origin, since the pancreatic tissue is embedded in the fatty tissue between the caeca.
In addition, it was observed that the collagenolytic activity in the digestive system of the fishes examined could be correlated to their usual diet in nature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (239K) -
熊谷 洋, 佐伯 清子1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 269-272
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe uptake of mercury by fish, regardless of whether the mercuric compounds originate from natural activities or are introduced into the aquatic environment as pollutants, can occur via two possible routes: the incorporation through the gastro intestinal tract or the direct absorption from the surrounding water.
To further elucidate the possible routes, the patterns of increasing mercury content with growth were traced in two types of red sea bream, i.e., wild and cultured fish, whose diets were different from each other and whose circumstances relating to mercury levels of the surrounding water could be assumed not to differ significantly.
The results obtained are summarized as follows:
In both the dorsal and the ventral flesh of the wild fish, the total content of mercury increased exponentially with an increase of the body length. On the other hand, in the dorsal flesh of the cultured fish an equimolecular relation was obtained.
The ratio of methy1 mercury to the total amount of mercury, in the wild fish, increased with increasing the body length, as opposed to the constancy of this ratio in the case of the cultured fish.
From these results, it was concluded that the difference in mercury levels between the wild and cultured fish may be derived from the difference in diets.
In addition, it was shown that the alky1 mercury in these fish is predominantly methy1 mercury, while ethy1 and buty1 mercury are not detected.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (285K) -
野口 敏, 松本 重一郎1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 273-278
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhen dilute carp actomyosin solution was heated gradually the mixture became a jelly beyond 40°C in the presence of Na-glutamate or Na-EDTA, while the control mixture aggregated into fine particles. These additives were also found to be effective in raising the viscosity and in suppressing the change in ATPase activity and turbidity. Similar effects were found with other compounds which have difunctional ionic groups.
In comparing the relative effects of the tested substances, a relationship similar to the HOFMEISTER series was found. This was compared with the known HOFMEISTER series which is observed in the setting (suwari) of fish meat mince and in the salting-out of egg albumin, with respect to the effect of additive ions.
The series of ions found in the gelating effect was similar to but different from the so-called HOFMEISTER series found in studying the effects on acceleration of setting and on salting-out. A possible mechanism for accelerating the gelation is discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1252K) -
nucleotide pyrophosphataseの単離精製とその諸性質阿部 宏喜, 清水 千秋, 松浦 文雄1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 279-284
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNucleotide pyrophosphatase was purified from skipjack liver by various types of column chromatography and gel filtration. The enzyme was ultimately purified aout 2, 900-fold. It was homogeneous in polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, but exhibited a slight alkaline phosphatase activity, sugesting same persistent contamination. It was found by analytical gel filtration and SDS gel electrophoresis that the enzyme has a molecular weight of 86, 000 and is composed of a single polypeptide chain. The isoelectric point was determined to be 4.8 by isoelectrofocusing.
The enzyme showed its maximum activity at around pH9 when NAD or 2'-deoxythymidine-5'-p-nitrophenyl phosphate was used as the substrate. It was to some extent activated by Mg2+, but inhibited by other metal ions, such as Mn2+, Fe2+, Fe3+, Ca2+, as well as by several chelating agents. The enzyme was inhibited competitively by 5'-AMP and nicotinamide mononucleotide, both of which are reaction products from NAD, and also by other nucleotides. The skipjack enzyme showed a higher affinity and maximum velocity for NADH2 than for NAD (P). The enzyme hydrolyzed various sugar nucleotides, ATP, ADP, and inorganic pyrophosphate, thus indicating a low substrate specificity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (431K) -
alkaline phosphataseの単離精製とその諸性質阿部 宏喜, 清水 千秋, 松浦 文雄1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 285-292
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo alkaline phosphatase components were isolated from skipjack liver and purified about 12, 000-fold. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 90, 000. They were demonstrated to be composed of a single polypeptide chain.
Both components gave optimum pH values at around 8.8. They were activated by divalent metal ions such as Mg2+, Mn2+, and Ca2+, but inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, and NH4+. Several chelating agents which were tested exhibited a strong inhibition which was partially recovered by addition of Mg2+. They were also inhibited by arsenate and inorganic orthophosphate, but not by L-tryptophan or L-phenylalanine. The inhibitions caused by nicotinamide, NAD, and NADH2 were all found to be of the mixed type. Both components showed a remarkably low substrate specificity: they acted upon nicotinamide mononucleotide, ATP, ADP, and inorganic pyrophosphate. Both components widely differed from each other only in the Km and Vmax values for each substrate. They showed a weak transphosphorylase activity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (656K) -
藤井 建夫, 伊藤 寛1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 293
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (84K) -
楠田 理一, 小松 功, 川合 研児1978 年 44 巻 3 号 p. 295
発行日: 1978/03/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (765K)
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