巻号一覧
44 巻, 5 号
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羽生 功, 田村 保1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 401-406
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーElectroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded from the eye in situ of immobilized ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. The light-adapted ERG was characterized by a small a-wave and a distinct b-wave, while the dark-adapted one was dominated by b-wave. Domination by b-wave was also observed under adaptation to 1 lux. During dark-adaptation, transformation of ERG took place within 5 min, although full adaptation required 30 min. When adapted to dark or 1 lux, the response became maximal between 497 and 525 nm, decreasing more gradually toward longer wavelengths than toward shorter. In contrast, the wave form varied with wavelength of the stimulus under lightadaptation, which is probably related to color discriminating capacity of the fish.
Spectral sensitivity curves in terms of b-wave amplitude were constructed and their significance was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (367K) -
山崎 文雄, 日比野 利彦, 大石 圭一, 原田 武夫, ステッチ Ｈ． Ｆ．, アクトン Ａ． Ｂ．1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 407-413
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSkin tumors of five species of flatfish, Platichthys stellatus, Cleisthenes pinetorum herzensteini, Hippoglossoides dubius, Kareius bicoloratus and Limanda schrenki collected from the coastal waters of Hokkaido Island, Japan, are diagnosed as epidermal papillomas. These epidermal papillomas have characteristic X-cells in the lesions. The X-cells have a large nucleolus in the nucleus, the cell membrane is clearly visible and rather smooth, and the cytoplasm is granular and contains many vacuoles. Both nucleoplasm and cytoplasm are weakly basophilic. The X-cells in the dermis are smaller than those in the epidermis. The latter cells were first recognized at 4-5μm in size in the basal layer and appeared to degenerate in the final stages beyond the 20 μm size. These characteri-stic cells were common to all the species observed and may originate from small wandering cells 2-3μm in size.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2659K) -
渡辺 翼, 小林 直樹, 佐藤 嘉彦, 石崎 由紀夫1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 415-418
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA continuous cell line was established from the kidney of Yamame, Oncorhynchus masou. It took 8 weeks at 20°C and 9 weeks at 15°C in primary culture, 9-26 days from secondary to tenth culture, and 7-14 days since 10 passages for the surface of tissue culture bottle to be covered a confluent monolayer of cells. The cell line cultivated at 20°C from primary culture, designated YNK, has been subcultured 50 times over the period of 20 months. The cells of the line multiply in manner of fibroblastic monolayer with 65 chromosomes, and were characterized by the number of glanular intracytoplasmic organellas around nucleus. YNK cells have the permissible temperature range of 4-29°C for growth.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1059K) -
中原 元和, クロス フォード・Ａ・1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 419-425
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe transfer of cobalt-60 from phytoplankton (primary producer) to clams (primary consumer) was investigated to obtain additional information about the movement of cobalt-60 in the marine ecosystem. The retention (%) of cobalt-60 in the clams after feeding radioactive phytoplankton varied with size of the clams and cell density and species of phytoplankton fed to the clams. At high cell densities (2×108 and 5×108 cells/l), the retention of cobalt-60 by the clams was reduced with increasing cell density and size of the clams. More than 43% of the radioactivity which was introduced into the pallial cavity of the clams with the diatom (Nitzschia closterium) at cell densities less than 5×107 cells/l was retained in the clams two days after feeding.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (532K) -
魚谷 逸朗, 出羽 敦, 浅井 克敏1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 427-434
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis paper presents several findings on food selection and the relationship between the maximum size of food organisms and the diameter of the esophagus in anchovy larvae (Engraulis japonica) caught by boat seine in the Okitsu fishing ground, in the inner part of Suruga Bay, from May, 6 to September 26, 1976, as the result of comparisons between the larval gut contents and the plankton of the fishing ground.
1. The anchovy larvae feed almost entirely on the Copepoda present in the fishing ground, especially Paracalanus, showing very little feeding on phytoplankton or Noctiluca. This preference was attributed primarily to the difference in mobility of the plankton prey.
2. Comparison of the copepod prey by taxonomic group revealed no particular preference of anchovy larvae toward any group. However, selectivity toward size was seen, the larvae showing a positive selectivity toward prey of greater body length.
3. Measurement of the body width of gut contents of 17, 749 individuals showed an extremely close relationship between the maximum width and the diameter of the esophagus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (327K) -
隆島 史夫1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 435-443
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo types of anomalies were identified; lordosis and brachyospondylie. Lordotic vertebrae were primarily observed in the transitional region between abdominal and caudal regions of the vertebral column. These vertebrae, however, exhibited no discernible pathological abnormality except for curvature. Retardation of growth of vertebrae in the tail-end was the most conspicuous characteristic observed in lordotic fry, and these vertebrae manifested typical malformation not only in the centra but also in the arches.
Longitudinal constriction (shortening) of vertebrae exhibiting the condition of brachyo-spondylie was characterized by incomplete growth of centra and arches; the occurrence of this condition was restricted almost exclusively to the abdominal vertebrae.
Two conditions of vertebral malformation were distinguished in larval fish growing to a length of 10mm. One configuration (type A) in which vertebrae of the tail-end region exhibited insufficient development was believed to reflect an early stage of lordosis. A second configuration (type B) on th other hand, was regarded as a prodromal symptom of brachyo-spondylie on the basis of the presence of shortened vertebrae in the abdominal region. From these findings, it is presumed that both anomalous types are the result of malformation occurring in the larval stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2947K) -
会田 勝美, Robert S. IZUMO, 佐藤 英雄, 日比谷 京1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 445-450
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis investigation was carried out to clarify the effect of synthetic LH-Releasing Hormone (LH-RH) on induction of ovulation in plaice, Limanda yokohamae, and goby, Acanthogobius flavimanus. Thirty seven mature female plaice weighing 123-291g (average 189g) were used in two experiments. In the first experiment, it was ascertained that 1 mg LH-RH dissolved in 0.2ml physiological salt solution could not induce ovulation, whereas 1mg LH-RH emulsified with complete adjuvant caused immediate increase in body weight and induced ovulation in all treated fish. A subsequent experiment was undertaken to discern the optimum dosage and sustaining effect of a single intramuscular injection of emulsified LH-RH. LH-RH at a dosage of 1mg induced ovulation in all fish (average 4.2days); 200μg resulted in ovulation in 4 of 5 fish (average 6.75 days); while 40μg had the same effect in only 2 of 5 fish (average 8.5 days). In the third experiment, 80 mature female goby weighing 32-76.5g (average 46.9g) were used. Emulsified 100 and 350μg LH-RH induced ovulation in 11 of 20 fish and in all fish, respectively. An aqueous solution of LH-RH 100μg induced ovulation in only 1 of 10 fish. Therefore, it is concluded that synthetic LH-RH can induce ovulation, and moreover, a LH-RH emulsion is more effective than an aqueous solution in inducing ovulation due to prolonged absorption.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1426K) -
大型・中型等の再生産関係松宮 義晴, 田中 昌一1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 451-455
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) The reproductive relations of the large and medium sized fish were examined to investigate a general tendency of population and influence of catch, using total catch in number N1 and number of the immigrants N2 by size category and year given in the previous paper.
2) Relatively independent two cycles (even year cycle and odd year cycle) are considered to exist, as N2 varies every two years. E-R relations by size category and cycle were examined on the basis of the widely recognized subpopulation theory. Here escapement E and return R are represented by the adult spawner (N2-N1) and the recruitment (N2), respectively.
3) Proportional relation between E and R is not significant for each size category and cycle. Reproduction curve of RICKER'S type did not fit significantly to the large sized fish. For the medium sized fish, this application was significant and dependency of R/E upon density was shown.
4) Population for each size category and cycle is reduced by failure of reproduction. In the reproductive aspect, no positive evidence has been given that population is reduced by overfishing. Fluctuations in population are considered to be seriously affected by the reproductive success or failure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (328K) -
形態について井上 正昭1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 457-475
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe phyllosoma larvae of Japanese spiny lobster, Panulirus japonicus, was successfully reared in the laboratory up to the last stage of 29.6 mm in body length, fed on the nauplii and adults of Artemia salina, adults of Sagitta spp. and fish frys of several species, and it took 253 day after hatching.
The developmental state of appendages in each molt of these reared larvae was not always regular. After several molts, the larvae reached the size of next stage. Consequently, each instar did not mean a new stage.
It is not clear whether above mentioned developmental stages were caused only by the unfavorable rearing conditions or whether they actually occur under natural sea conditions as well.
According to the development of appendages and body proportions observed in 112 specimens obtained for this study, phyllosoma larvae of Panulirus japonicus were divided into 11 stages. The characteristics of each stage are described.
In 1963, the author reported that the phyllosoma could be divided into 14 stages since the author assumed that Form E of Panulid phyllosoma named by OSHIMA would be the same phyllosoma of Panulirus japonicus compared with the specimens obtained in artificially reared larvae. However it was clarified in the present study that this form of phyllosoma is not of Panulirus japonicus but of some other species. Accordingly, the author wishes to correct the number of phyllosoma stages given in his former report.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1362K) -
茂木 幸夫1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 477-483
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーStudies were conducted on two kinds of anaerobes, namely Clostridium sporogenes and Clostridium perfringens, to determine what influence oxygen would have on the growth of these microorganisms in culture media and in fish sausages packaged in plastic casings having different oxygen gas transmission rates.
In thioglycollate media which were packaged in casings completely impermeable to oxygen gas, the growth of anaerobes was accelerated. When common types of casings which are supposed to have low oxygen gas transmission rates (70-170cc/m2/24 h, at 23°C) were used, no difference in growth was observed. The results implied that these ordinary types of casings could not maintain so high a degree of anaerobic condition as to accelerate the growth of anaerobes.
In fish sausages, different patterns of growth behavior were observed for anaerobes when they were coexistent with facultative anerobes.
Where the Dumber of facultative anaerobes was more than or equal to that of anaerobes, the former grew predominantly, even with no growth of the latter in some cases. As the ratio of the anaerobes became higher, their growth became more active.
It has been concluded that fish sausages in which anaerobes exist alone have some possibilities of being spoilt by the anaerobes even if they are packaged in casings having low oxygen gas transmission rates.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (563K) -
山下 敬子, 新井 健一, 西田 清義1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 485-489
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMyosin and actin were prepared from fish dorsal, rabbit skeletal, and scallop striated adductor muscles. Actomyosins were synthesized in various combinations of myosin and actin preparations by mixing them in an equal weight ratio. The ATP sensitivity and thermostability of the synthetic actomyosins were studied.
1. All combinations of myosin and actin from fish and rabbit sources gave actomyosins having a high ATP sensitivity, while the combinations of scallop myosin and actin of either fish or scallop produced actomyosins having a lower ATP sensitivity. These results suggest a relatively weak binding of myosin and actin.
2. Judging from the first order rate constant (KD) of inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase, it was found that synthetic actomyosins which contained a definite myosin with various actins maintained exactly the same stability against thermal denaturation, although the synthetic actomyosin is approximately 10 times more stable than its myosin moiety.
3. The thermal inactivation of Ca2+-ATPase of actomyosins synthesized from fish and scallop sources, assayed at various KCI concentrations, gave nearly the same rate constants.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (411K) -
各種魚類筋原線維Ca2+-ATPaseの温度安定性の比較内山 均, 加藤 登, 工藤 雄司, 新井 健一1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 491-497
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe thermo-stability of myofibrils prepared from dorsal muscles of epipelagic and mesopelagic fish species was studied.
1. The rate constant, KD of inactivation of myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase activity based on the first order reactions at 25°C, 30°C, and 35°C varied markedly among fish species.
2. The order of thermo-stability, from the most stable to the least, of the myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase in epipelagic fish studied was: tilapia, seabass, yellowfin tuna, carp, yellowtail, red sea bream, shark, rainbow-trout, Pacific mackerel, conger eel, Japanese rockfish, American plaice, Pacific cod, and atka mackerel.
3. The myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase from mesopelagic fish species was more unstable against temperature than that from epipelagic fish species.
4. It is, therefore, presumed that the thermo-stability of myofibrillar Ca2+-ATPase of a fish has adapted to the respective body temperature or environmental temperature at which the fish lived.
5. With regards to Ca2+-ATPase, the relative order of thermo-stability of myofibrils of the fishes coincided with the previously reported order of their actomyosins.
6. The myofibrils from two carp specimens, cultured at 3°C and 28°C, showed little difference in KD values, in contrast with the striking difference of environmental temperatures.It was, however, found that the gradients of the Arrhenius plots for Ca2+-ATPase were clearly different for the two preparations.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (521K) -
林 征一, 大城 善太郎1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 499-503
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIsolated cells of the eel liver were prepared from the liver perfused by the medium containing collagenase. Cells isolated by this method were undamaged when viewed with light microscopy; the viability of the cells was 85 to 90%, as judged by staining with 0.02% trypan blue. Adrenalin at 10-4M promoted glycogenolysis in isolated cells, while insulin at 5×10-5M significantly inhibited it. These cells actively incorporated 14C-pyruvate or 14C-lactate into glucose. Amino-oxyacetate (0.5mM) inhibited 14C-glucose synthesis not only from 14C-lactate but also from 14C-pyruvate. Respiratory inhibitors such as methylene blue (5×10-3mM), KCN (1mM), and 2, 4-dinitrophenol (0.5mM) inhibited 14C-glucose synthesis from 14C-pyruvate by 58, 86, and 100% respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1130K) -
エキス中のアミノ酸ならびに関連物質鴻巣 章二, 山口 勝巳, 林 哲仁1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 505-510
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate the flavor components characteristic of boiled crabs, the suitable method
of extraction was examined and extracts were prepared from different edible parts of five species of crab. The amino acid composition of the extracts was analyzed as the first step of a series of of investigations on the flavor components. A common feature of the free amino acid composition of the leg meat extracts was a very high content of glycine and arginine, with somewhat lower amounts of proline and taurine; the former two comprised about 50% of the total of free amino acids. In the extracts of the hepatopancreas and ovary, the abundant amino acids were taurine, glycine, and arginine. After acid hydrolysis of the extracts, the total of free amino acids showed a 10-20% increase in the leg meat and the ovary and a 50-70% increase in the hepatopancreas, The main amino acids to increase were glutamic and aspartic acids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (428K) -
坂口 守彦, 河合 章1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 511-516
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe participation of cytochrormes of the membrane preparation from Escherichia coli in the reduction of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMO) was investigated spectrophotometrically.
Two physiological reductants, formate and NADH, could reduce the cytochromes in the membrane preparation. The difference spectra of the cytochromes reduced by both the reductants were entirely the same as the spectrum recorded with Na2S2O4 as a reductant; all these spectra had 3 major peaks: at 555 nm, 526 nm, and 425-426 nm. The low-temperature spectrum obtained at liquid nitrogen temperature (77K) revealed that the cytochromes are composed of multiple components. The formate- and NADH-reduced cytochromes were gradually reoxidized by TMO, suggesting the participation of the cytochromes in TMO reduction. 2-Heptyl-4-hydroxyquinoline N-oxide (HOQNO) partially inhibited the reoxidation by TMO. In connection with this HOQNO-inhibition, different types of cytochrome components are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (425K) -
Edward R. BLONZ, H. S. OLCOTT1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 517-519
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLive Daphnia were subjected to varying concentrations of aqueous extracts from three lots of commercially canned tuna. Two of the lots had been identified as causing “scombroid poisoning”, and contained high histamine (Hm) levels. The third was a control lot of store-bought tuna. The extract of the control fish was used either alone or with the addition of Hm at levels equalling or exceeding the Hm concentrations in the other two lots. Twenty Daphnia per group were exposed for 60 minutes: responses (loss of activity or infrequent twitching) were recorded at ten minute intervals. The response increased with time, and was dependent upon the concentration of Hm presentregardless of source. LD50's for the various time and concentration gradients are shown. The method might be useful in quality control testing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (442K) -
保田 茂次郎, 深宮 斉彦1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 521-524
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe n-alkane distributions of oysters Crassostrea gigas and short-necked clams Tapes japonica collected from Hiroshima Bay were examined. An absence of any biogenic odd-carbon predominance of n-alkanes was found. After 30 days of starvation of the clams in artificial sea water, considerable amounts of hydrocarbons were found to be retained, but the n-alkane distribution showed a preferential disappearance of shorter chain odd-carbon n-alkanes. Furthermore, the fecal hydrocarbons of the clams showed an even-carbon predominance of the n-alkanes. Although petroleum oil was not detected by taste or smell, the values of carbon preference index and n-C16 ratio indicated some low-level oil pollution of the bivalves. Moreover, the presence of non-biogenic alkylated benzenes also indicated that some oil pollution of the oysters had occurred.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (303K) -
保田 茂次郎1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 525-528
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study deals with the steroids in the feces of short-necked clams, Tapes japonica. The fecal sterols had a composition similar to the muscle sterols of the clam. The keto-steroid fraction showed seven components on gas-liquid chromatography, and a Δ4-3-keto-steroid structure was indicated by ultraviolet and infrared absorption spectra. The components of the keto-steroids were identified by gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry as 24-norcholesta-4, 22-dien-3-one (4.4%), cholesta-4, 22-dien-3-one (1.7%), cholest-4-3n-3-one (53%), 24-methylcholesta-4, 22-dien-3-one (5.8%), 24-methylenecholst-4-en-3-one (19.0%), 24-ethylcholest-4-en-3-one (14.7%) and 24-ethylidenecholest-4-en-3-one (0.9%).
It is suggested that the fecal keto-steroids of the clam are microbial transformation products of sterols in their digestive tracts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (245K) -
安元 健, 川岸 伸恵, 浅野 久子1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 529
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (121K) -
木村 茂, 久保田 穰1978 年 44 巻 5 号 p. 531
発行日: 1978/05/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (83K)
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