巻号一覧
44 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の21件中1～21を表示しています
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クルマエビに対する漁獲効率増田 親, 北原 武1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 697-701
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn attempt was made to estimate the catching efficiency of a bottom drift net, gensikiami, for kuruma prawn, Penaeus japonicus, from the catch data in the fishing experiments and the underwater observation, which were carried out in Mikawa Bay. The experimental fishing operations were repeated several times for a short duration of time in the limited area of the fishing ground. The catch number of the prawn per unit swept area decreased gradually with each subsequent operation. An analysis of the catch data gave 0.40 to 0.72 as the estimates of the efficiency of the gear for the prawn. The relation between the efficiencies and the body length compositions obtained in each experiment seemed to show that the gear had a mesh selectivity. The standing crops of the prawn estimated by the underwater observation and the experiment showed agreement with each other in order.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (401K) -
小栗 幹郎1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 703-707
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーHistochemical observations were made on the interrenal gland and liver, using 10 specimens of European spotted dogfish, Scyliorhinus canicula, collected at Plymouth Laboratory, England. Interrenal gland of the dogfish shows similar histological structure to that in the gland of other elasmobranchs. The gland contains abundant lipid droplets, and cholesterol and its esters. On the other hand, the dogfish has a liver of relatively small size (HSI: 6.06±0.54%) among elasmobranchs. But the dogfish liver includes tremendous amount of lipid droplets. Accordingly, in most specimens examined the liver looks like adipose tissue. Furthermore, brown pigment granules are often found in the liver tissue of the dogfish. From the results of the various histochemical tests, these granules were identified as melanins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (428K) -
林 健一, 阪本 俊雄1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 709-722
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBased upon the material from the Kii Strait, the taxonomy and biology of Metapenaeopsis palmensis (HASWELL) are presented. It is the fourth stridulating species in Japan and is separated from the three other species by having 6-12 ridges, the short inner intermediate strip of the petasma and a pair of large bosses on the sternite of fourth pereiopods in females. Sex ratio is approximately 1:1, and females are larger than males.
M. palmensis is abundant in shallow waters less than 30m of Tanabe-Bay, but becomes abruptly rare in deeper waters of the strait, as well as in the far north localities. This species seems to be well settled only in Tanabe-Bay and has the long- and short-term generations. The spawning season continues from June to September and new recruitments occur from July to November. It is one of the commercially important prawns and accounted for about 16-19% of the total catches of small-type trawl fisheries in 1972-1975.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (459K) -
鈴木 亮, 山口 元吉, 伊藤 時夫, 東井 純一1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 715-718
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to obtain basic information for genetic improvement of the common carp, Cyprinus carpio, differences in catchability and pulling strength in Japanese and European races were studied. The mirror carp was most catchable, the asagi intermediate, and the yamato and the wild carps least catchable. When artificial feed was the bait, all differences between races were significant except that between the yamato and wild carps; the rank was as follows: mirror>asagi>yamato≥wild. When the bait was earthworms, however, the only significant difference was that between the asagi and wild carps. The mirror carp had the lowest pulling strength, and the scaly German carp was intermediate between that of the mirror and the Japanese carps. Among the Japanese carps the only significant difference was that between the yamato and the asagi carps. These results in pulling strength were the same whether the carps were cultivated in standing- or running-water ponds.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (281K) -
半径と瞬間伸長弾性率谷田 一衛1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 719-722
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー(1) Diameters of netting twines were measured at the 8th loading of 4kgw and were compared with the values measured in their respective natural states. Consequently, based on the difference of coefficients of variation of radii, values of the radii converge to certain asymptotic values and the respective radius uniformity can be confirmed.
(2) The radii of sample twines are in direct proportion to the number of yarns of each kind, and the intercepts cut off by the points on the regression lines on the y-axis (rf. Fig. 2) are approximately the same in nylon, vinylon and polyester, while the intercept made by polyethylene is considerably larger. The larger radius and regression coefficient of polyethylene are considered to be due to the fact that a yarn of polyethylene is thicker and the rigidity and fineness is larger when compared with those of other materials.
(3) The instantaneous Young's moduli decrease is proportional to the thickness for all kinds of twine. These are in the range of 1.1 ?? 2.6×1010 dyn/cm2 and these values are smaller to those of their component yarns. This fact shows that these twines can be more easily elongated than their component yarns owing to their twists. The instantaneous Young's moduli decrease value for the vinylon twine is affected the most by this twisting.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (229K) -
山崎 文雄, 日比野 利彦, 大石 圭一, 原田 武夫1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 723-727
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1. Morphological changes in and the origin of the X-cells were studied in tumors diagnosed as epidermal papillomas of two specimens of Limanda schrenki reared for four months.
2. The X-cells originate from small cells 2-3μm in size, supposed to be wandering in nature, which first appear in the intercellular spaces of the basal layer of the epidermis.
3. The X-cells become recognisable at 4-5μm diameter and gradually swell, accumulating many vacuoles in the cytoplasm. They grow further to 15-20μm in size and then degenerate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (458K) -
竹内 俊郎, 横山 雅仁, 渡辺 武, 荻野 珍吉1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 729-732
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA feeding experiment was conducted to determine the optimum ratio of energy to protein in diet (DE (kcal)/protein (%)) by feeding rainbow trout on diets with various levels of lipids (5-25%) at a fixed protein level of 35%. The growth rate and feed conversion improved as dietary lipid levels increased. reaching a maximum when 18% lipid was added, indicating that the optimum contents of dietary protein and lipid for rainbow trout are approximately 35% and 18%, respectively. With an increase in the amount of dietary lipids, both the values for PER and NPU increased, giving a maximum protein retention in fish fed a diet containing approximately 18% lipid with the best weight gain. The rate of energy retention in the fish body was around 60%, regardless of the lipid levels in the diets or the growth of the fish. The digestibilities of protein and lipid were as high as 98%, regardless of the lipid contents in the diets. The digestibility of energy increased with an increase in the dietary lipid levels. The experimental value of the optimum DE/protein for the optimum growth of rainbow trout was 130 when based on the measured digestible energy, and the value on the basis of calculated DE, was 100. It has thus been demonstrated that protein can be decreased by approximately 15%, if high-quality lipids, capable of satisfying the EFA requirement of the fish, are added at the level of approximately 18%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (306K) -
竹内 俊郎, 渡辺 武1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 733-738
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe study was conducted to examine the effects of dietary cuttlefish liver oil and shortnecked clam oil on the growth of rainbow trout and to clarify the effective components in the oils. The results showed that both oils have a superior food value for the growth of rainbow trout and that their fatty acid fractions, especially the highly unsaturated ω3 fatty acids (HUFA) such as 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 in the fractions, are the principal factor in the nutritive value of the oils. Furthermore, the HUFA satisfies the essential fatty acid (EFA) requirement of rainbow trout at a level of 0.5% in diet (10% of the dietary lipid) and there is no difference between the triglyceride molecular form and the methyl ester form in the EFA efficiency of the HUFA. It is also shown that hydrogenated fish oil can be used as an energy source for rainbow trout if combined with marine lipid to provide a moderate amount of ω3 fatty acids which will satisfy the EF A requirement of the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (382K) -
ティラピア・ジリーの必須アミノ酸M. A. MAZID, 田中 淑人, 片山 輝久, K. L. SIMPSON, C. O. CHICHESTER1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 739-742
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe indispensable amino acids for Tilapia (Tilapia zillii) are reported. Fingerlings were fed with experimental diets deficient in a single amino acid for a period of eight weeks. Growth rates with these diets were compared with that obtained with the basal ration. According to the results, arginine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, threonine, tryptophan, and valine were found to be essential for normal growth of Tilapia. In contrast, tyrosine, glycine, alanine, aspartic acid, cystine, glutamic acid, proline, and serine were found to be non-essential for normal growth. It was thus evident that Tilapia requires the same ten amino acids reported to be essential for other fishes. The fish showed better growth with casein diet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (490K) -
柏木 哲, 杉本 昇, 菅野 千鶴子, 松田 敏生1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 743-748
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA new microanalytical method was established, which uses a fluorescent spectro photometer for concentration determinations of monosodium 5-nitro-(2-p-carboxystyryl) furan (abbreviated NFS-Na). At the 0.002ppm level, recovery rates of NFS-Na in the muscle of carp and yellowtail were confirmed to be 69.8% and 63.1%. NFS-Na, which was included in carp muscle and in yellowtail muscle, was stable during 30 days of sample storage under the condition of freezing at -20°C. The times to decrease the concentration of NFS-Na in the muscle to 0.002ppm were obtained: 8 hours for carp bathed in medicated (10ppm) 20°C water, 72 hours for carp orally administered (50mg/kg B.W.) in 20°C water, 48 hours for yellowtail orally administered (50mg/kg B.W.) in 25°C water.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (418K) -
奥谷 康一, 森川 演夫1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 749-753
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPolysaccharides A and B were isolated in pure form from the squid internal shell. The purification of the polysaccharide was carried out by using DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. These purified products were homogeneous when examined by gel-filtrations and ultracentrifugations.
The distribution constant values (Kd) of these purified polysaccharides, calculated by the Sepharose 4B column chromatography, were Kd=0.90 for polysaccharide A and Kd=0.79 for polysaccharide B. Approximate sedimentation coefficients were 1.96S for polysaccharide A and 3.20S for polysaccharide B. The infrared spectra of these purified polysaccharides A and B likewise indicated the presence of β-linkages (890cm-1). Both polysaccharides were composed of glucose as the sole constituent monosaccharide.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (448K) -
大西 守, 土屋 隆英, 松本 重一郎1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 755-762
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーActomyosin solution isolated from carp muscle was frozen and stored with 20 amino acids. The cryoprotective effect of the additives was studied by following the changes in the solubility and the electron microscopic pictures of the protein.
The results with the solubility change were classified into six groups with respect to the rate of the change; those with the electron microscopic pictures were classified into three groups depend-ing on the extent of the deformation of the filaments. Glu, Asp, and some others showed good cryoprotective effects in both the solubility and the electron microscopic pictures. Phe, Leu, and some others were less effective. Changes in solubility and in electron microscopic pictures were generally found to proceed in parallel to each other, but some exceptional cases were found for Pro, Gly, etc.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2357K) -
不溶性黄褐色物質の可溶化と二・三の性質清水 泰幸, 芦田 勝朗1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 763-766
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe water-insoluble fraction of the orange coloring substance of skipjack meat was solubilized with the aid of proteinase and some properties were studied. The orange meat was homogenized and repeatedly washed with water to eliminate the water-soluble fraction of the causative orange substance, resulting in the still strongly orange residue. Several attempts were made to solubilize the orange substance from the residue with various solvents and reagents, and it was found that the substance was solubilized when the residue was digested with Pronase E at 42°C for 3 hr. The solubilized substance exhibited an absorption spectrum comparable to that of the water-soluble counterpart.
The ratios of the water-insoluble to water-soluble orange substance in ten orange meat samples ranged between 2-6, as estimated by E450nm. In polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, the orange substance thus solubilized was separated into three components with mobilities similar to that of BPB, indicating that they were strongly acidic. The substance was separated into four components having pI3.5-4.5 when subjected to thin layer electrofocusing on polyacrylamide gel. Those bands were not stained at all with coomassie brilliant blue. The substance was separated into six components by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 ion exchange chromatography. The molecular weights of all those components were estimated at 20, 000 by Sephadex G-50 gel filtration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (271K) -
異常貝における同型接合過剰藤野 和男1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 767-770
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOn the basis of observations of an excessive frequency of occurrence of homozygotes at the esterase F locus, an inbreeding structure was previously reported in the wild population of the Pacific abalone, Haliotis discus hannai Ino, in Iwate Prefecture. The occurrence of deficient or malnutritional animals, locally called “Rho-gal” or “Yase-gai” and of less commercial value, has long been known among fishermen. The relative weight of the soft parts of the body to the whole body weights made it possible to distinguish such deficient animals from normal ones. The deficient animals revealed a much higher frequency of homozygosity than that in normal animals. The results were interpreted as a reflection of an inbreeding structure called “inbreeding depression”. Additional supporting evidence indicated that the overdominance of heterozygotes observed at the esterase M locus in normal animals was offset by the excessive homozygosity in deficient animals and turned to homozygote excess. On the basis of these observations, as well as the aging relations of fitness at the esterase M locus reported before, some general guidelines of selective breeding for increasing production and for genetic improvements of the Pacific abalone are suggested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (175K) -
Effect of the Salts on Malate Dehydrogenase Extraction from Bacterial cells稲井 道子, 柿本 大壱1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 771-774
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhen malate dehydrogenase (MDH) was extracted from marine Pseudomonads by 0.05M Tris-HCI buffer solution (pH 7.8) which contained each of the following 1M salts; (NH4)2SO4, NH4Cl, NaCl, KCl, MgSO4, MgCl2 and CaCl2, MDH was effectively extracted and had high stability compared with the stability without salts. However, no difference in the extraction effect was observed among these salts. No similar effect of salts was ascertained for the terrestrial counterparts.
MDH, which was extracted with the buffer solution containing 1M (NH4)2SO4 was highly purified by gel filtration on a Sephadex G-200 column.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (184K) -
水産動物のL-アスコルビン酸に関する生化学的研究-X山本 義和, 佐藤 守, 池田 静徳1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 775-779
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study deals with the species distribution in fishes of L-gulonolactone oxidase (EC, 1.1.3.8), which catalyzes the conversion of L-gulono-γ-lactone to L-ascorbic acid (AsA).
In carp, the activity was found in the hepatopancreas with a faint activity in the kidney and dark muscle, and the enzyme was located in the soluble fraction from the hepatopancreas. The activity of carp hepatopancreas was about one-third that of rat liver. This enzyme was also found in the hepatic tissues of gengorobuna, ugui, and catfish which belong to Cypriniformes but has not been detected in any of the other fishes so far tested, such as rainbow trout, amago, ayu, eel, red sea bream, yellow-tail, kawahagi, and tilapia. These findings suggest that some fishes are able to synthesize AsA and be independent of a dietary source of the vitamin under normal conditions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (378K) -
鈴木 たね子, 神名 孝一, 八木 武郎1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 781-788
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA processing method of the fish protein concentrate (FPC) possessing the texture characteristic of livestock meat was developed both on the laboratory and the pilot plant scale. The fresh flesh of the Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramma was minced, washed lightly with water, and adjusted to pH 7.4-7.8 with solid NaHCO3. To the mince was added solid NaCI to a final concentration of 1-2%, and the mixture was well kneaded, resulting in a viscous paste. The paste was extruded from small holes into ethanol at 5-10°C. After being stirred for 15 min, the suspension was centrifuged and the sediment obtained was air-dried. The meat-textured (MT)-FPC thus produced was pale brownish granules with little fishy odor. The yield of MT -FPC (moisture, 8%) was about 14%, in a pilot plant processing automatically 100 kg fillet/h. The general composition of MT -FPC was: moisture, 6.3-11.6%; crude protein, 86.1-91.8%; crude fat, less than 0.3%; ash, 1.9-4.4%. Its amino acid composition was comparable to that of the original fish flesh. The texture profile of rehydrated MT -FPC was almost the same as that of ground beef. The microscopic observation showed that muscle fibers in MT-FPC adhered together irregularly, forming an aggregate. The results of sensory evaluations revealed that MT-FPC can be used as a new food material, e.g. as a partial substitute of livestock meat, as much as 70% on a wet basis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2213K) -
茂木 幸夫, 上田 和男, 田中 溥美, 大田 実, 山木 清史1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 789-796
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe migration of acetyl tributyl citrate (ATBC) and di-butyl sebacate (DBS), which are used as additives in polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) film, into fatty food simulants was studied. The fatty food simulants used in the tests were n-heptane, an edible oil, and three kinds of model fatty foods.
The additives which migrated from the PVDC film into the fatty food simulants were extracted by solvents and determined by gas chromatography.
The evaporating residue was also measured with the use of n-heptane, then the total migration amount was calculated.
The results may be summarized as follows:
(1) It was ascertained that, when n-heptane was used as a fatty food simulant, the total migration amount corresponded to the total quantity of additives extracted by n-heptane.
(2) Upon heating at 90°C for 90 minutes, 30-160μg/g of ATBC and 45-290μg/g of DBS migrated from PVDC film into the model fatty foods. When n-heptane was used, migration of ATBC and DBS upon heating at 90°C for 90 minutes was 2.9-11.2 times and 1.5-8.3 times the above values, respectively.
(3) The total migration amount into n-heptane upon heating at 150°F (about 66°C) for 120 minutes was 1.6-5.1 times that into model fatty foods upon heating at 120°C for 20 minutes.
(4) In conclusion, the migration of additives from PVDC film into model fatty foods is small. Assuming that a person weighing 50kg takes 100g per day of foods containing these additives, the quantities of such additives which remain in his body are below the ADI (Ac-ceptable daily intake for man) value calculated by MCCOLLISTER.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (533K) -
戸沢 晴巳1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 797-802
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe author and a co-worker had reported the accelerative effect of ascorbate on the formation of N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) in a buffer solution containing NaNO2 and dimethylamine (DMA) at pH 6. The author later questioned whether or not the usual procedure of extracting NDMA from the test solution could stop the additional nitrosation of DMA. Therefore, a newmethod for removal of DMA from the test solution with the aid of cation exchange resin prior to extraction was devised, to completely stop the nitrosation reactions. The yield of NDMA in the test solution was measured using this method (resin method) and the usual methods performed with or without addition of NaOH to the solution before extraction with CH2Cl2. It was found that very large values due to the artifactual yield of NDMA during the extraction process were obtained by the usual method in the case of a solution containing ascorbate at pH 6. The resin method also revealed that ascorbate usually showed an inhibitive effect on the formation of NDMA in experiments at pH 6, and, the higher the concentration of ascorbate or the lower the reaction temperature, the more the degree of inhibition. Thus, the previous information about the “accerelative effect” of ascorbate on the formation of NDMA at pH 6 was corrected by the above results. Ammonium sulfamate, recently used by several workers as a quenching reagent for nitrosation reactions, was also tested in this study and compared with the resin method. The values of NDMA yield obtained by the method using the reagent were slightly higher than those measured by means of the resin method in the case of the test solution containing ascorbate.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (496K) -
熊谷 洋, 佐伯 清子1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 803-805
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the preceding paper, it was shown that such lower alkyl mercurials as methyl, ethyl, and butyl mercury can be distilled quantitatively by steam distillation.
In this connection, the steam distillation procedure has been applied for the determination of methyl mercury in fish and shells by gas-liquid chromatography.
The procedure herein adapted involves steam distilling the volatile alkyl mercurials as mercuric chlorides. The mercuric chlorides in the distillate are extracted with benzene, and the benzene phase is partitioned with a cysteine acetate solution. Methyl mercuric chloride in the aqueous phase is determined by electron capture gas-lipuid chromatography using α-chloronaphthalene as an internal standard.
The recovery of methyl mercuric chloride added to a variety of samples was found to be reproducible. The coefficient of variation for repeated determinations on a flesh sample of flounder was 2.3%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (213K) -
熊谷 洋, 佐伯 清子1978 年 44 巻 7 号 p. 807-811
発行日: 1978/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis investigation was conducted in an attempt to clarify the levels of total, alkyl, and methyl mercuries in the fish and shells caught in coastal waters where mercurial pollution was not assumable.
The development of analytical procedures proposed by the present authors for mercury determination made it possible to conduct an extensive survey of the mercury distribution in the fish and shells, totaling 133 samples, available at Yamaguchi and adjacent waters.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The results of the analysis for total mercury were that mean values of 0.069, 0.078, 0.058, and 0.041ppm were obtained in the edible portions of fish, crustacean, cephalopod, and bivalve and gastropod groups respectively, with wide within-group variation.
2) No lower alkyl mercuries, except methyl mercury, were detected in any of the samples. It is conceivable, therefore, that the content of lower alkyl mercury coincides with that of methyl mercury when the sample is obtained from the coastal waters probably uncontaminated with mercury. Mean values of methyl mercury in the edible portion of the four abovementioned groups were 0.046, 0.009, 0.025, and 0.008ppm respectively.
3) The mean ratios of methyl mercury to total mercury in the edible portion of the four groups were 0.67, 0.46, 0.70, and 0.18 respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (336K)
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