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Volume 45, Issue 12
Displaying 1-21 of 21 articles from this issue
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Deoxyribonucleic Acid StudiesMitsuaki NISHIBUCHI, Kiyokuni MUROGA, Ramon J. SEIDLER, John L. FRYER1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1469-1473
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular taxonomic position of a new pathogenic vibrio isolated from cultured eels has been studied. The bacterium had been classified as V. anguillarum Type B, V. anguillarum f. anguillicida, on the basis of phenotypic properties.
The percent guanine plus cytosine content of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) was 46.3%, which is within or appreciably close to the DNA base composition ranges of the existing Vibrio species.
Polynucleotide sequence analysis by means of optical measurement of renatured DNA, however, provided proof that the present vibrio was distinct from the existing species of the genus Vibrio. The isolates from diseased eels represented a homologous group (96-97% homology for reference ET-7617 strain DNA) with the genome size of 2, 000 to 2, 500×106 daltons. On the other hand the reference strain was very distantly related to other Vibrio species: 12-23% related to V. anguillarum; 2-17% to V. fischeri; 14% to V. parahaemolyticus; 12% to V. alginolyticus; 9% to V. cholerae. Therefore the present organism was considered as a new member of the genus Vibrio.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
Spawning Pattern Estimated from the Monthly Changes of Ovarian Egg DiametersYasuyuki HAYASHI1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1475-1479
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper aimed to make clear the spawning pattern of the red tilefish, Branchiostegus japonicus japonicus, by investigating the diameter distribution curves of their ovarian eggs. Samples of 273 ovaries were collected from the fish landed by bottom long-liners in the East China Sea during the period from April 1974 to March 1976. The results obtained were summarized as follows;
1) The ovaries were classified into eight types of maturation stage by analyzing the pattern of distribution curves of ovarian egg diameters.
2) Judging from the frequency distribution for each type in every month, it was concluded that the spawning of larger females (BL≥240mm) last for five months from June to October. But spawning in September was not so active.
3) In the case of smaller females (BL<240mm), it was estimated that most of them spawned in June, July and October, a few of them in only October and the remainder in June and July.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Akira KABAYAMA, Gunzo KAWAMURA, Tooru YONEMORI1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1481-1483
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the axis of horizontal eye rotation of fish, a 35mm camera filmed the optomotor reaction of the animal from above, and the axis of horizontal eye rotation was estimated mechanically. Moreover, the muscles and the space between the eye and the orbit were studied anatomically. The axis of the horizontal eye rotation is not a single point. The axes measured geometrically seem to lie around an optic center of an eye, and the axis tended to shift a little bit nasalward when the eye rotated nasalward.View full abstractDownload PDF (204K) -
Makoto INOUE, Takafumi ARIMOTO, Ichiro KONO1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1485-1490
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a preliminary observation on the schooling behaviour of three kinds of river fish, Zacco Temmincki, Tribolodon hakonensis, and Morco steindachneri, which were composed of three fish each, it was found that the school of Z. temmincki showed the most concentrated schooling behaviour at a certain position in the water trough, when it was streaming, compared with the other two kinds of fish.
Using this behaviour of Z. temmincki, the relation between the degree of dispersion of the school and the water quality was examined and the following results were obtained. The degree of dispersion of the Z. temmincki was obviously affected by the water samples taken from three stations of the Tama river; the upper, middle and lower streams, and it was also found to be affected by the difference of water quality caused by the degree of synthetic detergent ABS contained, from 2.5ppm to 20ppm, and the effect of ABS is recognizable from 2.5ppm.View full abstractDownload PDF (673K) -
Soliman Hamed ABDEL-RAHMAN, Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1491-1494
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study deals with the effects of dietary carbohydrates on the body weight gain, survival, protein efficiency ratio, and the hepatopancreatic glycogen and serum glucose levels of the prawn, Penaeus japonicus.
The highest weight gain was attained in the diet containing 19.5% maltose as a carbohydrate source. The growth of prawn was poor in the diets containing high levels of the monosaccharides glucose and galactose, as compared with that of prawns which received the disaccharides sucrose and maltose, and the polysaccharides soluble starch, potato starch, dextrin, and glycogen.
Feeding with diets containing glucose or galactose for 30 days resulted in high hepatopancreatic glycogen concentrations. Also, the serum glucose level of the prawn increased quickly after oral administration of glucose and remained at high levels for 24 h, whereas after the administration of disacchazides and polysaccharides, it increased to a maximum level after 3 h and then decreased to the pre-test level.View full abstractDownload PDF (277K) -
Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Akio KANAZAWA, Naoki KAMEZAKI, Hachiro HIRATA1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1495-1501
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sterol components of the rotifer, Brachionus plicatilis, the marine type of Chlorella, Chlorella saccharophila, and the baker's yeast, Saccharomyces cerevisie, were investigated by using combined gas-liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry.
The rotifer contained 24-methylcholesta-7, 22-dienol as a major sterol (61% of total sterols), and other sterols such as cholesterol, cholestanol, 24-methylcholesta-5, 22E-dienol, 24-methyl-cholest-22-enol, cholest-7-enol, 24-ethylcholesta-5, 22-dienol, 24-methylcholest-7-enol, 24-methyl-enecholest-7-enol, E-24-ethylidenecholest-7-enol, and Z-24-ethylidenecholest-7-enol. The Chlorella and baker's yeast used for the diets of rotifer contained mainly cholesterol and ergosterol, respectively. The present study also shows that the rotifer synthesize cholesterol from acetate-1-14C but not C28-and C29-sterols. Considering these data, we suspect that the sterols except C27-sterols occurring in the rotifer probably originate from dietary sources.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Takashi MUROZUKA1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1503-1512
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe enzymic properties and thermal stabilities of native and N-ethylmaleimide (NEM) modified myosins have been compared between preparations from some fish species and rabbit.
1) 0.4-1.6mol SH residue per 105g of myosin was found to be modified with NEM under the condition employed in this experiment.
2) Changes of Ca-and EDTA-ATPase activities of fish myosin through NEM modification were essentially the same as those of rabbit myosin.
3) The Ca-ATPase activity of NEM modified fish myosin was shown to be similar to that of NEM modified rabbit myosin in the following respects: the KCl concentration dependence, pH dependence and ARRHENIUS activation energy.
4) The inactivation rate of Ca-ATPase activity of fish myosin was increased by about twofold by NEM modification. On the other hand, the rate of rabbit myosin was little affected by NEM modification.
These results strongly suggested that the fish myosin has the identical fast reacting sulfhydryl groups (SH1) which was previously found in rabbit myosin and the SH1 groups may play some role in the stability of ATPase.
A discussion was carried out on the similarities of biochemical properties between NEM modified fish myosin and myosin preparation from frozen bigeye tuna muscle which have previously been reported.View full abstractDownload PDF (908K) -
Katsuko WATANABE, Shoji KONOSU1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1513-1516
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine whether the eel, Angnilla japonica, which accumulates a large amount of carnosine in its muscle, can biosynthesize this compound or not, the incorporation of 14C-histidine into carnosine was studied.
Twenty-four hours after the injection of 14C-histidine into the muscle of eel, picric acid extracts were prepared from the muscle, liver, kidney, other viscera, and blood, and carnosine was separated from each extract by ion exchange chromatography.
Only carnosine from the muscle was found to be radioactive. Paper and thin-layer chromato-graphic examination of the hydrolysate of camosine from the muscle revealed that the radioactivity could be exclusively attributed to the histidine residue.
These results clearly indicate that the eel is capable of synthesizing carnosine in vivo.View full abstractDownload PDF (267K) -
Toshio TAKEUCHI, Takeshi WATANABE1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1517-1519
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of dietary levels of essential fatty acids (EFA) on the growth of rainbow trout wasinvestigated. The diets containing different levels of EFA, 18:3ω3 or a mixture of ω3 highlyullsaturated fatty acids (ω3 HUFA), such as 20:5ω3 and 22:6ω3 which have an EFA efficiencytwo times higher than that of 18:3ω3, were fed to rainbow trout for 10 weeks.
The addition of 18:3ω3 or ω3 HUFA to diets at a level exceeding an amount 4 timeshigher than that required by rainbow trout resulted in poor growth and low feed conversion. In the fish fed on these diets, a high moisture content reflected low contents of protein andlipid in the whole bodies, and the symptoms were similar to those observed in the fish fedwith the EFA deficient diet. Whereas, in the livers of the fish fed on the diets containingexcess amounts of the EFA, the hepatosomatic index and the lipid content were reduced onthe contrary to the EFA deficient fish. The excess addition of ω3 HUFA to the diet wasfound to exert ill effect on the fish in a half amount of 18:3ω3.View full abstractDownload PDF (112K) -
Toshio TAKEUCHI, Takeshi WATANABE, Chinkichi OGINO1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1521-1525
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe digestibility of beef tallow and various hydrogenated fish oils with different melting points (mp.) was determined with carp and rainbow trout. The experiment was also conducted to see the effects of fish size and water temperature on the digestibility of these lipids.
The digestibility of hydrogenated fish oils was found to be affected by their mp. and increased as mp. decreased. Whereas the digestibility of dietary protein was as high as 98% without regard to that of lipids. The hydrogenated oils of mp. 53°C was significantly low in digestibility in both carp and rainbow trout, especially in the fish weighting less than 10g. On the other hand, the beef tallow and the hydrogenated fish oil of mp. 38°C were effectively utilized by both the fish, more than 70% in digestibility regardless of the fish size and water temperature, indicating that these lipids are available as a dietary energy source without any adverse effects on fish growth, feed conversion, or survival, when they are used with some marine lipids to provide the necessary level of essential fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (220K) -
Chinkichi OGINO, LEVIEN TAKEUCHI, Hiroshi TAKEDA, Takeshi WATANABE1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1527-1532
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe availability of inorganic phosphates and phosphorus contained in several materials of feedingstuffs including fish meal was determined with carp and rainbow trout. The availability of dietary phosphorus was evaluated by growth rate of the fish, chemical analysis of the bones and the whole bodies, gross appearance of the bones and apparent absorption of dietary phosphorus from the digestive tract.
Among inorganic compounds, primary calcium phosphate, primary sodium or potassium phosphate was utilized effectively by these fish species as a dietary phosphorus source, wheroas secondary and tertiary calcium phosphates were found to be low in availability. The available phosphorus content of the diet significantly affected growth of the fish, mineral composition and gross appearance of the bones and chemical composition of the fish bodies. In carp, thevisceral lipid content was found to increase by the deficiency of available phosphorus in the diet. The availability of phosphorus contained in fish meals was fairly low in carp compared with that in rainbow trout, thus the supplementation of primary sodium phosphate to the diet containing fish meal resulted in acceleration of the growth response of carp. On the other hand, both carp and rainbow trout effectively utilized phosphorus contained in casein and yeast, but the phosphorus in vegetable materials was relatively low in availability.View full abstractDownload PDF (1502K) -
Carotenoids of Tilapia-ITakao MATSUNO, Masaaki KATSUYAMA1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1533-1538
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoids in the integuments, eggs and diet of three species of Tilapia (Tilapia nilotica, Tilapia mossambica and red Tilapia) were investigated.
The carotenoid patterns in the integuments of three species were quite similar and the following carotenoids were found; β-carotelle, cryptoxanthin, tunaxanthin A, lutein, calthax-anthin (3'-epilutein), zeaxanthin, diatoxanthin, cynthiaxanthin, triol, astacene, doradecin and rhodoxanthin.
Isolation of an unusual retro carotenoid, rhodoxanthin, C40H50O2, mp. 211-212°C, from Tilapia is the first example from animal kingdom.
In spite of being a fresh-water fish, Tilapia belonging to the division percichthyes contained tunaxanthin which is very common and dominant carotenoid in marine fishes. The fact described above supports the assumption proposed by the authors that tunaxanthin might be a chemical indicator in the division percichthyes.
The caroteoid patterns in the integuments of three spccics of Tilapia were very similar, but it was found that percentage compositions of individual carotenoids depend upon the stage of growth of fishes.
Lutein (35-45%) and zeaxanthin (34-44%) were found from eggs of Tilapia nilotica in free forms as major carotenoids.
β-carotene (23.4%), 1utein (615%) and zeaxanthin (5.4%) were fbund from their diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (393K) -
Carotenoids of Piranha, Bluegill, Flamingo Cichlid, Red Devil and Formosan SnakeheadTakao MATSUNO, Masaaki KATSUYAMA1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1539-1541
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarotenoid pigments in the integuments of five species of fresh water fishes, piranha, bluegill, flamingo cichlid, red devil, and formosan snakehead were investigated. Tunaxanthin (a mixture of tunaxanthin A, B, and C) was found in all four species belonging to the superorder acanthopterygii except piranha belonging to the superorder anotophysi, and the fraction was predominant in both formosan snakehead (44%) and bluegill (ca. 77-83%). The principal carotenoids of beautifully red colored nattereri piranha which were reared with gold fishes as staple diet, were astaxanthin (ca. 55%), α-doradexanthin (ca. 17%), and 3'-epilutein (ca. 14%).In contrast with the above case, different individuals of the same species whose color was not so beautiful as the former and were reared with bitterlings, contained 3'-epilutein (ca. 35%) as major carotenoid, and the amount of astaxanthin of the latter was thirteenth of that of the former. This is the example that a considerable effect of culture condition (mainly diet) on amount of individual carotenoid was observed in the same species of fish. Canthaxanthin (ca. 77%) in red devil, lutein (ca. 20%) and 3'-epilutein (ca. 16%) in flamingo cichlid were identified as their major pigments.View full abstractDownload PDF (223K) -
Kayoko KASAHARA, Kokichi NISHIBORI1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1543-1545
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVolatile components of smoked salmon were studied by GLC and GC-MS analysis. Sixteen phenols, seventeen acids, an ester, an alcohol and three hydrocarbons were identified. Phenols such as guaiacol, 4-methylguaiacol, 4-ethylguaiacol, 2, 6-dimethoxyphenol and 4-methyl-2, 6-dimethoxyphenol were presumed to be the principle components of aroma of smoked salmon.View full abstractDownload PDF (198K) -
The Relationship between Flavors of Smoked Salmon and Smoke-tarKayoko KASAHARA, Kokichi NISHIBORI1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1547-1549
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to observe the influence of smoke-process on smoked salmon flavor, volatiles of salt salmon and smoke-tar were studied by GC-MS analysis. Sixteen volatile components (fourteen acids and two hydrocarbons) from salt salmon and thirty-two volatile components (fifteen acids, sixteen phenols and an ester) from smoke-tar were identified respectively. Phenols found in the smoked salmon aroma were shown to arise in the smoke-process.View full abstractDownload PDF (157K) -
Takao KUROKAWA1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1551-1555
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in kamaboko-forming ability of frozen and ice stored lizard fish were examined in connection with the other quality indexes, K value, dimetylamine etc., and by the freezing thomed.
1) The jelly strength of kamaboko made from the fish stored in ice for 3 days was no more than 50% of that made from the freshly caught fish. The shelf-life of iced lizard fish as the material for kamaboko was considered to be about 9 days.
2) When frozen and stored at-27 ?? -30°C the kamaboko-forming abilities of fish decreased to 50-60% level of the fresh fish in the first 2 weeks, but thereafter little decrease occurred for 2.5 months.
3) Judging from kamaboko-forming ability of the fish stored at -27 ?? -30°C for 2.5 months was superior to that stored in ice for 3 days.
4) Little or no difference was detected between quickly frozen fish (in liquid nitrogen) and slowly frozen fish (in air at -24°C) in the kamaboko-forming ability.View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
Fujio NISHIOKA, Yutaka SHIMIZU1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1557-1561
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUsing 0.1M NaCl extract (pH 6.8) of fish muscle homogenate the solubilizing-coagulating properties of the sarcoplasmic proteins (Sp-p) were examined on different pH, ionic-strength and heating conditions.
(1) The isoelectric precipitation occurred at pH's ranging from pH 4.5-6.5, varying in magnitude with species of fish. The amount of precipitation at pH 5.2, being considered to be I. P., was 25%, 13% and 7% for common mackerel, horse mackerel and croaker, respectively.
(2) Increasing the ionic-strength of the extracts caused not only an enlargement of the isoelectric zone toward the more acidic side but also a rise in the amount of precipitation.
(3) When the extract was at first acidified to pH‹4 or alkalified to pH›11 and thereafter neutralized to the neutral zone ranging from pH 6 to 8, almost all the proteins except myoalbumin became insoluble. The insolubility rate was 95%, 87% and 80% for common mackerel, horse mackerel and nemipterid, respectively.
(4) The heat coagulation of Sp-p took place at the definite pH range of pH 5.0-9.5 re-gardless of fish species, but the coagulability varied with the species because of a variable content of myoalbumin. The coagulability was 95%, 87% and 75% at pH 6.8 for common mackerel, horse mackerel and croaker, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (416K) -
The Methemoglobin-Formation by the Nitroso-Derivatives in White-Spotted Char, Salvelinus leucomaenis, ErythrocytesMasaki MIYAUCHI, Mitsuzo TAKAGI, Takayoshi UEMATSU1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1563-1567
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe methemoglobin formation by the nitroso-derivatives of biphenyl ether herbicides (2, 4-dichloro p-nitrobiphenyl ether and 2, 4, 6-trichloro p-nitrobiphenyl ether) and their analogues was investigated in suspensions of white-spotted char erythrocytes. All of the nitroso-derivatives used, induced the methemoglobin formation in white-spotted char erythrocytes as well as human erythrocytes and the activity of methemoglobin formation among the nitroso-derivatives was the most potent in nitrosobenzene followed by p-nitrosobiphenyl ether, 4-chloro p-nitrosobiphenyl ether, 2, 4-dichloro p-nitrosobiphenyl ether and then 2, 4, 6-trichloro p-nitrosobiphenyl ether in erythrocytes of both species. This order among the nitroso-derivatives was dependent on the number of chlorine rather than on its position of substitution in the phenoxy group. The mechanism of methemoglobin formation by the nitroso-derivatives was similar in erythrocytes of both species and on the requirement of NADPH-dependent enzyme systems, and that of methemoglobin reduction was similar, too, on reception of NADH-dependent enzymatic process.View full abstractDownload PDF (368K) -
Production of Methemoglobin-Forming Metabolites of the Amino-Derivatives by White-Spotted Char, Salvelinus leucomaenis, Liver HomogenateMasaki MIYAUCHI, Mitsuzo TAKAGI, Takayoshi UEMATSU1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1569-1573
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe activities of liver homogenates from white-spotted char and rat, to metabolize the amino-derivatives of biphenyl ether herbicides (2, 4-dichloro p-nitrobiphenyl ether and 2, 4, 6-trichloro p-nitrobiphenyl ether) and their analogues to methemoglobin-forming metabolites were compared by incubating liver homogenates with the amino-derivatives, a NADPH-generating system and white-spotted char, rat or human erythrocytes. The results indicated that white-spotted char liver homogenates had the ability to metabolize p-aminobiphenyl ether to methemoglobin-forming metabolites although the activity was very low; while rat liver homogenates had the ability to metabolize all the amino-derivatives to methemoglobin-forming metabolites and the rates of methe-moglobin formation among the amino-derivatives were the highest in p-aminobiphenyl ether fol-lowed by 4-chloro p-aminobiphenyl ether, 2, 4-dichloro p-aminobiphenyl ether and then 2, 4, 6-trichloro p-aminobiphenyl ether. The sensitivity of erythrocytes to the methemoglobin-forming metabolites were the highest in human followed by rat and then white-spotted char erythrocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Masahiro SAKAMOTO, Ken-ichi ARAI1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1575-1583
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFish myofibrils were prepared for the study on the relation of their ATPase activity to contractile properties, especially in the presence of Mg or Ca ion. The degree of contraction of the myofibrils was measured in relative terms by centrifuging the myofibrillar system at 1, 000rpm for 20minutes, and then measuring the volumes of the fibril layer, in the absence and presence of ATP. The ATPase activity of myofibrils under the same condition as above was also assayed, separately.
When Mg ion alone was added as divalent cation to our myofibril preparation, it had little or no effect on the degree of contraction and on the rate of ATP splitting as well. Further addition of EDTA to this Mg system, however, resulted in considerable inhibition of ATPase activity and in the complete inhibition of contraction. On the other hand, Ca ion alone, even at high concentration, somewhat reduced the degree of contraction, although it allowed a very high rate of ATP splitting. These results showed that the fish myofibrillar system closely resembled that of rabbit in its reaction totivards ATP and divalent cations.
Three myofibril preparations which consisted of different sized fragments of fibrils were obtained by using differential centrifugation. No differences was found in contractile properties and in their ATPase activity between them.View full abstractDownload PDF (1959K) -
Harumi TOZAWA1979 Volume 45 Issue 12 Pages 1585
Published: December 25, 1979
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (86K)
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