日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
45 巻, 11 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1~22を表示しています
  • 本尾 洋, Mylapore S. MUTHU
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1351-1354
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A new species of penaeid prawn, Metapenaeus philippinensis from the Philippines is described in detail and compared with the closely related species, M. ensis. The petasma of the new species which superficially resembles that of M. ensis is markedly different in details; the distomedian lobes have rounded postern-lateral comers and the denticles are borne on a crescentic ridge on the disto-medial aspect of the lobes. The thelycum is also distinctive, with lateral tufts of setae and two conical pillar like prominences at the posterior end of the lateral plates and a characteristic median plate which is broader posteriorly than anteriorly. The new species is devoid of dorsal carina on the first three abdominal segments.
  • 集魚灯下の魚群運動の魚探機による観察
    川村 軍蔵
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1355-1358
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Movement of the spotted mackerel attracted to the fish lamp was observed by the use of fish finder in the fishing grounds off Yaku Island and off the mouth of Kagoshima Bay. During fishing, the fish echoes repeated the alternate appearance and disappearance, and an echo shifted its vertical position on arecording paper. These echo-traces were considered to show well the three dimensional movements of fish school. Hence, it was concluded that the spotted mackerel attracted to fish lamp, forming a school, move actively in a relatively wlde area beneath the fish lamp and its surroundings. From an echo-trace that showed a typical vertical movement of a school, the velocity of the movement was estimated at about 40m/min.
  • 川村 軍蔵, 椛山 明
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1359-1364
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Horizontal eyes and head movements made by three carnivorous fishes swimming in an experimental channel were recorded cinematographically and analyzed frame-by-frame. Though the eyes sometimes moved with the head, the approximate stable orientations of eyes, making slight fluctuations within one or two degrees, were observed in the traces of eye movements. Depending on the assumption that a few flicks made between the stable ocular orientations do not interfere with recognition of the visual images, the compensation was considered to be perfect. It was concluded that, while swimming even at relatively high speed, the rainbow trout, largemouth bass, and bluegill are capable of keeping image stable for 1.06 seconds, 0.90 seconds, and 0.28 seconds respectively.
  • 湖産種苗アユとの比較
    塚本 勝巳, 益田 信之, 森 由基彦, 梶原 武
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1365-1370
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The movements of hatchery-reared juveniles of ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis, and of wild juveniles from Lake Biwa released in the Tsubusa river, Oita Pref., Japan, were investigated to determine the point of release most effective for the harvest. Experimental fish in 1976 and 1977 were 20, 410 hatchery-reared and 9, 600 wild juveniles respectively. The dispersion of fish was observed for about 10 days after release, then the locations of harvest from June to October were recorded. Most of hatchery-reared ayu moved downstream and more than 35% of the released fish seemed to have left the stocking area. The greater part of harvest occurred downstream throughout the fishing season. On the other hand, wild ayu swam upstream and almost all of the harvest before the spawning migration occurred there. The distribution of fish during the fishing season seemed to be decided by the dispersion within about 10 days after release (short term dispersion). The number of harvest seems to be increased by decreasing the loss of fish from the stocking area during the short term dispersion and it will be favourable for the growth of the released fish to be distributed wide and uniformly in the area. Consequently, the hatchery-reared ayu should be released at the uppermost part of the area and the wild ayu at the lowermost part.
  • 冬期の加温飼育による緑肝症の防止と血液性状
    坂口 宏海, 浜口 章
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1371-1373
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Separate groups of red sea bream, Chrysophrys major, were kept in cold water of an ambient temperature of 7.7-12.9°C and in warm water controlled at 18.0-19.5°C. After 5 and 11 weeks, the incidence of green liver was checked, and some of the chemical components and enzymatic activities of the plasma were analyzed.
    The incidence of green liver in the fish maintained at the elevated temperature was much less than that in the fish maintained in the natural cold environment. The cold water fish showed higher levels of triglyceride and higher glutamate-oxalacetate transaminase and lactate dehydrogenase activities even though results varied widely among individuals within a group. Alkaline phosphatase and inorganic phosphate levels were higher in the warm water fish. The levels of total cholesterol, glucose, calcium, and magnesium were approximately the same for both groups.
  • 本田 晴朗
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1375-1380
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This report deals with the courtship behaviour and the presence of a female sex pheromone of the Ayu, Plecoglossus altivelis. Increased ventilatory frequencies and fin display reactions in the male Ayu were elicited by the water sample inclusive of post-ovulatory females. It was noticed that the males were able to discriminate post-ovulatory females from pre-ovulatory females without actually sighting the female.
    Some highlighted aspects derived from these experiments are listed as follows;
    1. Post-owlatory females released a female sex pheromone, which males detect by olfaction.
    2. The female sex pheromone, produced in the ovaries of post-ovulatory females, is secreted through the urogenital papilla.
    3. The female sex pheromone was found to be a water-ether soluble basic substance, having an Rf value of 0.43 on the thin layer chromatogram (silica gel) with a chyclohexane-ethyl alcohol (4:1) solvent.
    4. The female sex pheromone from post-owlatory females played the role of first trigger, inducing a series of courtship behaviour of the Ayu.
  • 杉田 治男, 石田 祐三郎, 門田 元
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1381-1383
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of kaolin particles on the growth of a bacterium, which was isolated as a dominant one from a continuous culture charged with natural lake water and kaolin particles, was analyzed by means of growth kinetics in batch culture. The presence of kaolin particles brought μm increase and Ks decrease, as compared with the absence of kaolin particles. Such change in the growth parameters was due to concentration of a substrate (histidine) on kaolin particles and attachment of the cells on the particles. This study suggests the possibility that effect on bacterial growth in the presence of the particles is analyzed by means of growth kinetic approach.
  • 石油ゲル化剤の海産生物に対する毒性
    徳田 廣
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1385-1387
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The toxicity of two products (abbrev. A and B) of the gelling compounds to solidify petroleum was assayed for a marine diatom, Skeletonema costatum, and a rice fish, Oryzias latipes, which had been previously acclimated to sea water, and the following results were obtained: the lethal amounts of A and B to the diatom are more than 1, 000mg/l and 560 mg/l respectively, when A and B are separately added to the culture medium; the 24-h LA50 (which means the lethal amount of the gelling compound to 50% of the test organisms in 24 hours) of A and B to the fish are 7, 400mg/l and 4, 700mg/l respectively, when A and B are separately added to the test sea water; the filtrate of the culture medium or the sea water containing A or B is far less toxic to these test organisms.
  • 冷凍粉砕オキミみによる醤油の製造
    中村 秀之, 毛利 善治, 村岡 一郎, 伊東 克
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1389-1393
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors established a method of producing ‘Antarctic krill’, Euphausia superba, -added soysauce of a new type, in the chain of the research program on the advanced utilization and processing of the Antarctic krill, wherein the krills boiled and frozen on the mother-vessel were subjected to cryogenic grinding and added to the raw materials at an early stage of soysauce fermentation, followed by rnicrobial digestion.
    The product imparted no unpleasant odor like ‘gyosho’ (autolyzed fish-sauce). It was abundant in tasty components and was nutritionally improved; the amount of lysine was found to be twice as much as in the usual soysauce.
  • 野沢 英一, 石田 祐三郎, 門田 元
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1395-1399
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effects of temperature and NaCl on trimethylamine (TMA) production by some bacteria were examined. The addition of a high concentration of NaCl to the medium at 5°C inhibited more strongly TMA production than bacterial growth as compared with at 20°C. The optimum temperature of trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) reductase activity was 36°C and the optimum NaCl concentration of it ranged from 2 to 3%. The reductase was induced by TMAO. The level of induction of the reductase in the cells grown at 20°C was almost constant in the NaCl concentrations of 1.5 to 5%. But the level of it in the cells grown at 5°C decreased as the NaCl concentration increased. It is assumed that the depression of TMA production by addition of NaCl at high concentrations at low temperature is probably caused by both the decreased enzyme activity and the repression of the enzyme synthesis.
  • 望月 篤
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1401-1403
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Traditionally it has been believed that the cuttlefish ink exhibits and antiseptic effect on cured cut-tlefish meat (ika-shiokara) produced in Japan
    Sliced aoriika, Sepioteuthis lessoniana, meat with and without the ink of the cuttlefish were stored at temperatures of 2-3°C, 13-15°C and 25°C, and the volatile basic nitrogen (VBN) were measured at intervals. The increase in VBN of muscles with the ink of the cuttlefish added were suppressed as compared with the control.
    The substances which were precipitated at pH 4.O and 11.5 were filterd off the ink, and the resulting supernatant was adjusted to pH 7.0, concentrated at 50°C, and desalted with methanol. The material thus purified exhibited inhibitory effect against Staphylococcus aureus, and had physicochemical properties similar to lysozyme.
  • V. D. RAMAMURTHY
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1405-1407
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Mercury levels in 18 groups of fishes including Mollusca and Crustacea were analysed. The mercury content in all the 18 groups are very low. Differential variation among different groups were also noticed where the mean average values ranges from 5μg/kg to 65μg/kg. The levels of concentration of mercury in some of the known food fishes of the Indian Ocean, Bay of Bengal and Arabian Sea have been compared with similar species found in Mediterranean, Atlantic and Pacific Ocean. It was observed that the mercury content in Mediterranean and Atlantic Ocean species increases 2-4 times than the Indian Ocean species. The present values were also compared with permissible levels of mercury content of different countries.
  • 鈴木 譲, 中原 元和, 中林 良一, 上田 泰司
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1409-1416
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    As a part of study on accumulation of radionuclides by marine fish, yellowtail, were marked by multiplc radloisotopes (144Ce-144Pr, 106Ru-106Rh, 85Sr, 137Cs, 54Mn, 65Zn and 60Co) under certain con-ditions through food and water. The radioactivity of each tracer in the tissues or organs was determined by a Ge(Li) spectrometer in order to gain more knowledge concerning roles of food and water in the accumulation of radionuclides.
    Somewhat different distribution patterns of radionuclides were found in the whole bodies of the fish at the maximum accumulation with the difference in pathways.
    The results obtained in the excretion experiment for two weeks suggested that the turnover rate was different, depending on pathways through which the fish accumulated radionuclides. And the principal pathway in the accumulation of radionuclides by marine fish in natural sea was esti-mated. The results showed that (1) food rather than water supplied most of the 65Zn and 54Mn accumulated by fish, (2) 85Sr and 106Ru-108Rh were mainly accumulated via water and (3) the two pathways played almost the same role in the accumulation of 137Cs, 60Co and 144Ce-144Pr.
    Therefore, it is necessary to take into account these results for estimation of the extent of radioactive contamination in fish under natural marine ecosystem.
  • 成瀬 洋児, 安藤 良, 土山 ふみ, 杉山 博夫
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1417-1421
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In estuary waters of Nagoya City, the Percentage of particulate species was above 50% for Pb, Cu, and Zn, and below 50% for Mn and Ni.
    To evaluate the behavior of heavy metals in estuary waters, the adsorption of heavy metals on suspended solids was examined. The extent that heavy metal ions are removed from aqueous solution by suspended solids has been shown to vary with the nature of suspended solids, solution pH, and the presence of competing rations. Distribution coefficients (K) of Pb, Cu, and Zn adsorbed on suspended solids were of the order of 102-104
    , those of Cd, Mn and Ni were below 103. As (V) was little adsorbed and its K value was below 10. In other words, the affinity order for suspended solids was found to be Pb(II) ?? Cu(II) ?? ;Zn(II)>Cd(II)>Ni(II) ?? ;Mn(II) ?? As(V).
  • 中原 元和, 平野 茂樹, 石井 紀明, 小柳 卓
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1423-1428
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The accumulatio and excretion of 60Co taken up from seawater were observed using marine fishes to examine the radioactive pollution of marine organisms. Blood, internal medium was a good reserving pool of the nuclide in the fishes and it accumulated more than 15% of the radioactivity in the whole body of the fishes reared for about 90 days in the uptake experiment. Only liver and kidney showed higher radioactivity per unit weight than blood, in the tissues and organs, and muscle showed the lowest concentration of the nuclide. The biological half-lives in muscle of sea bream, yellowtail and flounder at 15°C were calculated as 38.5, 53.3 and 63.0 days, respectively. The steady state concentration factors of muscle by direct uptake of 60Co from seawater were estimated in the range from 0.3 to 1.5 among the fishes in the experiments.
  • 小堀 洋美, 多賀 信夫, 清水 潮
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1429-1433
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A total of 319 heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from seawater samples of Tokyo, Sagami and Suruga Bays, and the north Pacific Ocean, and their phosphatase production was tested. The ratio of phosphatase producers increased with the distance from the coast; that is, the proportions were 11% in Tokyo Bay, 48% and 55% in Sagami and Suruga Bays, respectively, and 63% in the Pacific Ocean. The constitutive phosphatase producers accounted for 75% of phosphatase-producing bacteria in oceanic regions, whereas they accounted for only 25% in coastal regions. The dominant genera of phosphatase producers in each region were Vibrio in Tokyo Bay, Vibrio and Pseudomonas is Sagami and Suruga Bays, and Pseudomonas in the Pacific Ocean. The proportion of phosphatase producers in the Pseudomonas group increased with distance from the coast.
  • 橋本 周久, 渡部 終五, 河野 迪子, 代 数樹
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1435-1441
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Protein composition of the dark and the white muscle from the sardine, Sardinops melanosticta, was determined. Through the pre-, in-, and post-rigor stages, each muscle showed a fairly consistent protein composition: in the dark muscle, 23-29% sarcoplasmic, 62-66% myofibrillar, 6-9% alkali-soluble, and 2-3% stroma fraction. In the white muscle, in the above order, 33-37%, 54-61%, 1-5%, and 1-2%, respectively. The content of connectin, one of the stroma proteins, was higher in the dark than in the white muscle. After the dark muscle was kept frozen at-80°C for two weeks, the percentage of sarcoplasmic fraction increased to 37%, while that of myofibrillar fraction decreased down to 56%. No corresponding alteration occurred with the white muscle during frozen storage.
    By ultracentrifugal analysis, no actomyosin peak was observed in the myofibrillar fraction of the dark muscle. With the fraction from the white muscle, an actomyosin peak appeared, the sedimentation coefficient of which was 16.0 S at the pre-rigor stage and increased to 22.5 S at the post-rigor stage.
    Similar results were obtained with the mackerel, Pneumatophorus japonicus japonicus.
  • 平山 政生, 永田 進一
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1443-1447
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The degradation experiment of Kuwait crude oil was carried out by using the Arthrobacter sp. strain isolated from the marine environment. From the total weight changes of oil the largest degradation period was found out to be during the first three days. From 6 to 9 days' incubation, the amount of aliphatic hydrocarbon components in crude oil decreased satisfactorily, but for polycyclic aromatic polar compounds the quite reverse trend was observed, i. e., increment. Such an experimental result might be considered to be the extracellular production of polar compounds deduced from the metabolism of aliphatic hydrocarbon substrates.
    For the aromatic hydrocarbons, the ring cleavage was suggested for monocyclic ones, and the bicyclic ones didn't appear to proceed such a reaction path, i. e., only occurrence of degradation for the branched alkyl chains attached to the aromatic ring. The biodegradation percentage of n-alkanes was estimated to be about 87% from the GLC analysis, but only 45% degradation was totally observed through the analysis of weight changes. These results indicate that the aliphatic hydrocarbons other than n-alkanes might be considerably resistant to be degraded by this strain.
  • 弘田 禮一郎, 藤木 素士, 田島 静子
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1449-1451
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mercury contents of zooplankton collected at eight stations in the Tropical Pacific Ocean were measured to obtain data as a standard for an unpolluted sea. The mercury contents measured in this survey were lower than those of zooplankton collected in the inland sea regions of Japanese, American and European estuaries, and in the oceanic area between Hawaii and California, U.S.A. Such results seem to suggest that the Tropical Pacific Ocean is relatively uncontaminated with mercury.
  • 橋本 昭彦, 新井 健一
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1453-1460
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The myofibrils were successfully prepared from frozen surimi of Antarctic krill by the ordinary method of KATOH et al., when the operations were performed at 0-4°C throughout and finished within an hour.
    The specific Ca-ATPase activity of this myofibrils preparation rapidly decreased even during icedstorage. Such inactivation of Ca-ATPase was found to be effectively prevented by adding 1.5M monosodium glutamate (or sorbitol) to the preparation.
    The maximal activity of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase was observed at about 17°C for krill. It was a low temperature compared with those observed for fishes and whale; 30°C for Alaska pollack, 36°C for sardine, and 47°C for little piked whale.
    From the first order inactivation rate constants (KD) of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase at various tempera-tures, linear ARRHENIUS plots were illustrated for krill, grenadier, Alaska pollack, sardine, and little piked whale in the temperature ranges of 5-25°C, 10-30°C, 15-35°C, 25-40°C, and 36-50°C, respectively.
    The KD values of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase of krill in the presence of sorbitol at various tempera-tures were also measured. The linear plots of log KD versus 1/T, supported that the thermo-stabilities of krill myofibrils with 1.5, 2.0, and 3.0M t sorbitol were comparable to those of grenadier, Alaska pollack, and Pacific mackerel myofibrils, respectively.
    The significance of this result was discussed in relation to the rapid deterioration of Antarctic krill meat after the catch.
  • 菊地 嶺, 芦田 勝朗, 平尾 秀一
    1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1461-1464
    発行日: 1979/11/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Phycobilins in the wild type of Porphyra yezoensis UEDA and its color mutant types of red, green and yellow were analysed by LKB-Ampholine electrofocusing to yield phycoerythrin (PE), phycocyanin (PC) and allophycocyanin (AlloPC) with 4, 6-7 and 3 narrow bands in the columns respectively. The occurrence of different PE and PC in respective types of the Porphyra yezonsis were R-PE and C-PC for the wild type, R-PE and R-PC for the red type, B-PE and C-PC for the green type, B-PE and R-PC for the yellow type, and with AlloPC in all the types examined.
  • 1979 年 45 巻 11 号 p. 1467
    発行日: 1979年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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