巻号一覧
45 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1～22を表示しています
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釣獲時の網膜の順応状態川村 軍蔵1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 667-671
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe retinae of spotted mackerel angled were observed histologically, and the underwater illumination was measured in the fishing grounds. The retinae of fish angled at 50-70m depthin daytime were light adapted, and illumination intensity at the fishing depth was very much higher than that over which retinal adaptation changes. Hence, the vision of these fish might be completely functional when these were angled. The retinae of fish angled under the fish lamp at night showed variety among the individuals and the retinal regions. The state of retinal adaptation seemed to be independent of the duration of lighting. No light adapted retina was found, though the illumination intensity above the mid-water fishing depth was higher than that over which retinal adaptation changes. Hence, it was concluded that the fish attracted to fish lamp had visual acuity much lower than 0.18 and was probably color-blind.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (903K) -
“カエシ”付トラップ・モデル三浦 汀介1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 673-676
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーConsidering the effect of a funnel in the trap gear, trap model equipped with a funnel was described as simultaneous homogeneous difference equation. ?? , where A(t), B(t) are the number of fish at each side of the trap and a, b are entrance constants. Its characteristic was represented as a pulse transfer function. For the experiment, two hundred and fifty carps were prepared and were released at one side of the trap equipped with a funnel. Time series variation of the number of fish was recorded by V.T.R.. According to the result, when fish density was low, the mathematical model was acceptable only to some extent, but when high it was acceptable well.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (228K) -
鱗相による“アヤン群”の追跡について高橋 豊美, 河野 象威1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 677-686
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAs a method of pursuit investigation of fish group chiefly composed of 4 year-old fish (“Ayan group”) in 1973, scale patterns of herring taken from the different areas in the northern part of the Okhotsk Sea in 1974 and 1975 were examined. The results of analyzing the scale ratio Ri/fork length relationships showed that the fish with scale pattern of Ayan type had mixed with those of Tauisk type in the summers of the fifth and the sixth year of life. In addition, the fish with r2/r3 ratios larger than 0.80, which can be used as an indicator of presence of Ayan group in 1973, were included in samples at frequencies (26-40%) greater than could be expected. The mixing area of these two scale types almost coincides with the distribution area of the older fish group of the Okhotsk Population in each year. These results indicate that the majority of 4 year-old fish found in the area of Ayan in 1973 had recruited to the adult stock of the Okhotsk Population during the fifth year of life, at the latest.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1374K) -
マグロ延繩漁場における遊泳層花本 栄二1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 687-690
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTunas and billfishes are caught mainly by tuna longline gear in Japan. Usually a basket of tuna longline consists of five hooks. During operation, the hooks are set at different depths because the mainline from which they are suspended forms a catenary curve; the first and fifth hooks are at the shallowest layer, and the third hook the deepest. Therefore, the proportion of catches by position of hooks provide some information on swimming depths of the fish.
It was found that the highest proportion of striped marlin catches was made on the shallowest hooks, Nos. 1 and 5, and the lowest proportion on the deepest hook, No. 3. Furthermore, drift gill nets have recently begun exploiting significant amounts of striped marlin in the waters around Japan. Judging by these facts, it appears that the swimming depths of striped marlin is even shallower than indicated by depths of hooks, No. 1 and 5 (60-90m). Therefore, in fishing for striped marlin, it would be advantageous to keep the depth of hooks shallower than the usual hook depths of normal tuna longline operations in order to realize. higher catches.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (310K) -
コイにおける尿の分析所見小山 次朗, 板沢 靖男1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 691-694
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーExcretion rate of calcium increased in cadmium administered carp, during calcium-loaded period after its injection, owing not to elevation of calcium concentration in the urine but to the increased urine flow.
The scoliosis developed in cadmium administered carp of the previous pager was considered to be attributable to low calcium in both the plasma and vertebrae. The low calcium was estimated to be due to over-excretion of calcium owing to degeneration of the renal tubules. The result of the present experiment seems to give support to the inference.
Excretion of inorganic phosphorus in cadmium administered carp increased in both concentration and excretion rate for calcium-loaded and non-loaded periods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (266K) -
噴火湾沿岸での移植の現状と漁獲の関係斉藤 勝男1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 695-704
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEzo abalones did not originally inhabit Funka Bay, but now live widely in this area as a result of transplantation. To six places within the Bay are transplanted 85, 450 to 1, 636, 727 seeds of abalone to give catches in these places ranging from zero to 148, 919kg. During the years of 1971 to 1976, abalone samples were collected at six stations in the bay (inhabited by Ezo abalones) and shell length, age, and growth rate of these samples were examined. The dependence of total weight on shell length as well as the relationship among various measurements of abalone shell were analyzed. Furthermore, the effects of abundance of algae and water temperature on the efficiency of transplantation were investigated. Most of the samples had shell lengths of 7 to 9cm. Oshamanbe, Toyoura and Usu often produced abalones having shell lengths larger than 11cm. Four to six year old shells constituted the main age group. Only a few samples were older than 10 years. Toyoura was found to provide the fastest growth rate: 9.6cm in four years, 12cm in six years, 13cm in eight years and 14cm in ten years. Abalones feed on some kinds of algae. Undaria Pinnatifidaf. distans, Desmarestia viridis and Ulva pertusa are available to depths as deep as 10m in most of the places studied. However no useful algae live beyond 5m depth in Okushiri. Water temperature in the shallow areas within the Bay does not drop to 3°C even in winter, namely between January and March. We cannot find abalone in places where the water temperature is below 3°C winter. The survival rate of transplanted abalones within the Bay was estimated to be 25 to 30% after two years of transplantation based on the ratio of transplantation to catch as well as on the proportion of the first generation abalones found in the sample.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (697K) -
小栗 幹郎1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 705-707
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDistribution pattern of the adrenal gland in seahorse kidney was investigated histologically, using three species, Hippocampus aterrimus, H. japonicus and H. spinosissimus. During the course of this investigation, these seahorses were confirmed to have aglomerular kidneys. The interrenai tissue, one component of seahorse adrenal gland, was located in the head kidney which contains many renal tubules. Furthermore, the tissue was detected in the wall of the postcardinal vein adjacent to the head kidney. The chromaffin cells, the other component of seahorse adrenal gland, were situated mainly in the wall of postcardinal vein, and also in the head kidney, inter-spersing in the interrenal tissue of these regions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (407K) -
猿島北方魚礁群の概要岡本 峰雄, 黒木 敏郎, 村井 徹1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 709-713
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo determine the ecology and the gathering factor of fishes near artificial reefs by using diving technique effectively, a series of direct observation studies was carried out north of Sarushima Island near Yokosuka. As the results, some fundamental phenomena were observed, such as setting configuration of artificial reefs, current, settled animals, benthoses and gathering fishes. Artificial reefs were laid down at a depth of between 15 and 25m in a range of 80×50m, separated into three groups. One of them was a sunken ship reef (wooden ship about 100 ton) and the others were concrete block reefs located in the direction of the bow and the starboard side of the ship. Although these artificial reefs were laid down for about 10 years, they seemed to maintain their original form. Fifteen kinds of fish were found near the artificial reefs, and they were mostly rock fish or settled-tyge fish. Sebastes inermis, “Mebaru”in Japanese, was superior here and more often observed near the sunken ship reef than near the concrete block reefs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
鎌谷 明善, 高橋 幹夫, 森田 良美1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 715-719
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this study, three diatoms, Cyclotella nana, Phaeoductylum tricornutum and Thalassiosira decipiens, were used for estimating the requirement and the toxicity of zinc. For their normal growth the diatoms required zinc at the level of 0.1μg/l. Thus, the zinc levels in the seawater do not make a limiting factor for maintaining the potential primary production level resulting from the estimation with the oceanic phosphate-phosphorus. The zinc toxicity at high con-centration was suppressed by the presence of chelator (EDTA). In the case of experiments with EDTA the amount of zinc taken up by diatoms was found to be independent of the ambient zinc concentration, while without EDTA the uptake of zinc varied depending upon the concentration. The minimum requirement of zinc for normal growth per unit-weight of diatom was estimated as 1-3 ppm, and the diatoms, which were harvested from the culture medium with EDTA, accumulated more zinc in their body, by one order of magnitude, than their minimum requirement.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (353K) -
宇賀神 光夫1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 721-731
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー88 strains of isolates from intestinal contents of salmonids were subjected to taxonomic analysis.
The results are summarized as follows:
1) 30 isolates which belonged to genus Vibrio by SHEWAN et al. (1960), isolated from intestinal contents of king salmon (Oncorhyncus tschawytscha) reared in sea water were identified Vibrio fischeri.
2) 30 isolates which belonged to genus Aeromonas by SHEWAN et al. (1960), isolated from intestinal contents of maso salmon (Oncorhyncus masou) reared in fresh watre were identified Aeromonas hydrophila (or Aeromonas punctata).
3) 26 isolates, lactose undecomposing or delayed decomposing strains, of 28 strains which belonged to family Enterobacteriaceae by SHEWAN et al. (1960), isolated from intestinal contents of maso salmon (Oncorhynchus masou) reared in fresh water were identified Hafnia alvei.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (626K) -
松田 由美子1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 733-736
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of sodium glutamate of various concentrations on the quality change of lyophilized myofibrils during storage was examined. Myofibrils from live carp, Cyprinus carpio, were ground with sodium glutamate. The mixtures were freeze-dried at 35°C, ground into powder, packed in 0.03mm thick polyethylene bags, and stored for 3 months at 20°C. At suitable intervals, aliquots of the mixtures were taken out and examined as to quality, using as indexes solubility in 0.6M KCl, relative viscosity and ATPase activity of the 0.6M KCl extractable protein, and the total ATPase activity.
Immediately after freeze-drying, the higher the concentrations of the sodium glutamate, the larger the ATPase activity that was shown. The optimum concentrations of sodium glutamate for the protein protective effect during storage seemed to be about 3 per cent on a wet basis before freeze-drying. In comparison with sucrose, as control, however, the protein protective effect observed with sodium glutamate was less.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (211K) -
松田 由美子1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 737-743
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe Effect of sugars on the quality change of lyophilized carp myofibrils during storage was examined. Carp myofibrils were ground with 0.2% polyphosphates and 5% sugar. The mixtures were freeze-dried at 35°C ground into prwder, packed in 0.03mm thick polyethylene bags, and stored for 6 and a half months at 20°C At suitable intervals, aliquots of the powder were extracted with 0.6M KCl, and the extracts were analyzed for soluble protein, relative viscosity, and ATPase activity. On the basis of these results, and the result of the total ATPase activity, the protein-protective effects of the sugars were compared.
The effects of galactose, glucose, mannose, lactose, maltose, and sucrose were marked and almost comparable to each other. The effect of fructose was moderate, while those of arabinose, ribose, and xylose were slightly negative.
It was thought that the protein denaturation was caused by a Maillard reaction, in which carbonyl groups were involved. It was suggested from the above results that among the sugars examined here, sucrose is the best to maintain the quality of the lyophilized myofibrils.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (339K) -
鈴木 満平, 小林 登史夫, 柳本 正勝1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 745-751
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe thermal characteristics of fresh antarctic krill were studied on board a ship of the coast of Wilkes Land, 64-65°S, 110-117°E, Antarctic Ocean, in January 1978.
The density, specific heat, and heat conductivity of fresh gravid females were measured immediately after the catch, the values 1.03×103 ?? 1.04×103 (kg/m3), 0.88 (kcal/kg•°C), and 0.64 (kcal/m•h•°C) were obtained.
The above data were found to be not very different from those measured on the frozen samples after storage for few months.
A temperature-time course curve of the krill body heated at 90°C was drawn for three different body sizes on the basis of the above figures for the thermal characteristics.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (929K) -
米 康夫, 都島 直来1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 753-756
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe utilization of phosphorus in white fish meal by two kinds of fish was studied by rearing the fishes on diets with no phosphorus supplement, low phosphorus supplement (105mg per 100g diet), and high phosghorus supplement (705mg per 100g diet).
Carp, Cyprinus carpio, fed the low phosphorus diet were extremely inferior to the high phosphorus diet group in the growth and feed efficiency, whereas in black sea bream, Mylio macrocephalus, little difference was found between the low and high phosphorus diet groups. Phosphorus contents in blood serum and vertebrae were also lowest in carp fed the low phosphorus diet. Carp could scarcely absorb the phosphorus in white fish meal, but the percent absorption of the phosphorus by black sea bream was approximately 30%.
From these findings, it can be concluded that the poor absorption of phosphorus in fish meal by carp is probably attributable to the absence of acidic gastric juice, and this same absence is the main cause for the growth retardation and decreased feed efficiency resulting from the low supplemental phosphorus diet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (256K) -
中村 良一, 中原 元和, 石井 紀明, 上田 泰司, 清水 千秋1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 757-762
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe relations between the accumulation-elimination of radionuclides and the constituent materials of marine algae were studied to determine more precisely the mechanism of the radioactive contamination of marine organisms. This will increase the information about the behavior of radionuclides in marine organisms in relation to the environmental conditions (temperature, physico-chemical state of radioisotope, and so on) and the biological conditions (feeding habits, species, and so on).
Eisenia contaminated by 137Cs and 106Ru-106Rh was fractionated by solvent extraction into 6 fractions. The largest portion of 137Cs was in the boiling water fraction; 106Ru-106Rh was most extracted by 24% KOH solution. Elution patterns by Sephadex G-100 gel-filtration of samples differed largely from each other, both among the 3 kinds of radionuclides and between the 2 species of the algae. Therefore, the accumulation of the radionuclides by the marine algae was proved to be not only due to a physical adsorption to the surface of the algae but also to the biological combining of the radionuclides with the constituents of the algae. Furthermore, it was found that radionuclides which combine with a few constituents of alga are not eliminated equally. This is considered to be useful for the physiological analysis of elimination curves.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (421K) -
上田 正, 武田 道夫1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 763-769
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDeterminations of the total and methylmercury levels were carried out on muscle and midgut from three species of whelks, Buccinum tenuissimum (13 individuals), Buccinum striatissimum (38), and Buccinum tsubai (34), caught in the southwestern waters of the Japan Sea. Both total and methylmercury levels depend on the number of operculum circulii. There is a linear relationship between the total mercury concentration (T-Hg) in the muscle and that in the mid-gut, where the first regression coefficient (m) was about 2. A similar relationship was found between the methylmercury concentrations (MeHg) in the two tissues, though the m was 1.29. The ratio of T-Hg to MeHg in the muscle was 1:0.95, whereas it was 1:0.65 in the mid-gut. These facts suggest the demethylation from methylmercury in the mid-gut.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (354K) -
森 勝美, 信濃 晴雄, 秋場 稔1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 771-779
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe changes of aerobic bacterial count in the ripening process of “Ika-Shiokara” at 25°C are described in relation to salt concentrations of 10, 15 and 20% by weight. The flora type and the nitrogen compounds were also studied.
1. Just after the preparation of the “Ika-Shiokara” using 10% salt, viable bacterial cells occurred at a level of 104/ml in fluid and then increased to more than 108/ml by the 6th day; the same value was kept later. The viable bacterial counts in the “Ika-Shiokara” using 15% salt occurred at a level of only 103/ml in fluid till the 20th day but increased to a level of 106/ml by the 40th day. On the other hand the viable bacterial counts of the “Ika-Shiokara” using 20% salt showed a level of 104/ml in fluid just after the preparation, but this amount tended to decrease gradually with time. The aerobes in this “Ika-Shiokara” could not be detected after the 51th day.
2. Regardless of the amount of salt used in “Ika-Shiokara”, the dominant species was Staphylococcus subgroup II as classified by Baird-Parker.
3. A correlation was observed between the patterns of the change of the nitrogen compounds and the viable bacterial count in “Ika-Shiokara” using 10, 15 and 20% salt.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (613K) -
コイ肝膵臓と血合肉ミトコンドリアにおけるβ-酸化に対する絶食の影響村田 寿, 白石 政巳1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 781-784
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present study was concerned with the effect of starvation on β-Oxidation of 8:0 acid in carp (Cyprinus carpio) hepatopancreas and dark muscle mitochondria, in order to elucidate the characteristics of β-oxidation in fish.
The effect of starvation on the β-oxidation in carp was limited: the β-oxidation in hepatopancreas mitochondria remained almost unchanged during starvation for 70 days, while that in dark muscle mitochondria was accelerated after the 10th day.
The level of free fatty acid in the plasma of carp did not increase during star ation, in contrast with the level in mammals. This suggests that the factors which participate in the acceleration of β-oxidation in carp dark muscle during starvation are different from those in mammals liver.
The contribution of the hepatopancreas to the β-oxidation in carp was significantly depressed owing to the decrease of the tissue during starvation. On the other hand, that of dark muscle was greatly elevated by starvation. Consequently, it can be assumed that dark muscle mitochondria plays a significant role in the energy metabolism due to β-oxidation in starving carp. However, it may be further concluded that the energy metabolism due to β-oxidation in carp is decreased by starvation, in contrast with that in rats.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (263K) -
金魚池におけるアンモニア態窒素の代謝速度について杉山 元彦, 河合 章1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 785-789
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make clear the mechanism of the nitrogen cycle in bodies of water, the metabolic rate of ammonium nitrogen and its incorporation rate into each trophic level of bio-communities, as well as into each nitrogenous compound in the water, were estimated using a 15N tracer technique in the model system of a goldfish culturing pond. The extremely high turnover rate of ammonium nitrogen in the water, 141%/h, was estimated. A large part of the ammonium nitrogen which metabolized was incorporated into “Bacteria” and “Phytoplankton” fractions; their incorporation rates were calculated to be 1.83μg atoms/l/h and 0.83μg atoms/l/h, respectively. In the “Zooplankton” fraction, the incorporation of 15N nitrogen which had been added as ammonium nitrogen in the water was detected after 30min, and its incorporation rate was as low as 0.02μg atoms/l/h. Although no increase in 15N was found in “Nitrite and Nitrate” fraction, the distribution of 15N in each nitrogen fraction indicates that the process of nitrification as well as denitrification proceeded rapidly in the water body.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
関 伸夫, 池田 優, 成田 憲弘1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 791-799
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCarp myofibril was prepared from the ordinary muscle and stored in 0.1M KCl containing 5mM NaN3 at 0°C.
The solubility of the myofibril in neutral 0.6M KCl decreased rapidly and reached a minimum level (about 20%) after storage for 3 weeks. EDTA*2-ATPase activity of the myofibril decreased during the storage. Ca2+ -and Mg2+ -ATPase activities of the myofibril stored in an alkaline medium increased, but remained essentially unchanged at pH 6.1. Mg2+ -ATPase activity assayed in the presence of EGTA*2 increased during the storage over the pH range studied.
Ca2+ -sensitivity of the myofibril stored in an alkaline medium was lost after storage for 2-3 weeks. The loss of Ca2+ -sensitivity of the stored myofibril was not rostored by the addition of native tropomyosin. Electrophoretic patterns of native tropomyosin in the myofibril showed no change during the storage for up to 2-3 weeks. Active native tropomyosin could be obtained from the stored myofibril. Therefore, it seemed unlikely that the loss of Ca2+ -sensitivity of the myofibril during ice-storage in the alkaline medium was due to the destruction or inactivation of native tropomyosin.
The changes in ATPase activities and in Ca2+ -sensitivity of the myofibril blended in air and treated with oxidants or with NEM*2 were similar to those of ice-stored myofibril. Furthermore, the changes in EDTA-and Mg2+ -ATPase activities were reduced in the presence of 2-mer-captocthanol. These results suggested that the changes in ATPase activities and the loss of Ca2+ -sensitivity of the myofibril during ice-storage, especially in alkaline medium may be due to the modification of actin-myosin interaction by the oxidation of the thiol groups of myosin moiety.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1575K) -
芝 恒男, 清水 潮, 多賀 信夫1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 801
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (85K) -
保田 茂次郎1979 年 45 巻 6 号 p. 803
発行日: 1979/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (76K)
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