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Volume 46, Issue 12
Displaying 1-24 of 24 articles from this issue
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Ryo SUZUKI, Motoyoshi YAMAGUCHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1427-1434
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain ybrids that combined the economic advantages of two parent races ofthe common carp, Cyprinus carpio, we produced not only F1 hybrids of Japanese, Chinese, and variou Europea races, but also progeny of various intercrosses of the F1 generations, backcrosses, and modified triple or multiple crosses. Definite heterosis was found in seven of twelve F1 hybrids. Of the F1 hybrids, the products of a cross between female yamato and male mirror carps (YM) had the highest growth rate. The growth rate and efficiency of feed conversion of the YM exceeded those of both the maternal ang the paternal race; the latter (the mirror) had the fastest growth rate and the highest feed-conversion efficiency of any of the parent races used. The YM, due to their high resistance to Gyrodactylus or fungus infectons, also had a higher survival rate than did either parent race. All YM are scaly, which is a preferred character in Japan. Most progeny from F1 intercrosses, backcrosses and triple crosses, however were economically less desirable than the YM; only the progeny from a multiple cros, (yamato ?? ×scly German ?? ) ?? × (wild ?? ×mirror ?? ) ??, grew faster and converted feed more efficiently than the YM. The difference between the survival rates of these progeny, the YM F1 generation, and the yamato carp was negligible. We conclude that the hybrid progeny from the multiple cross are the most economically valuable carp of those studied.View full abstractDownload PDF (568K) -
Machiko YAMADA, Arao TSURUTA, Yoichi YOSHIDA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1435-1438
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNew biological indicator system etc. according to phytoplankton was proposed for classification of eutrophic level in marine region.
The dominant phytoplankton were examined in various marine regions and classified into four eutrophic levels (oligotrophic, eutrophic, extremely eutropic and saprobic regions) mainly according to physico-chemical properties of water and sea bed in the summer stratification period.
As a result, the dominant phytoplankton were divided into four groups as follows. Thirtysix species of so-called oceanic plankton such as Trichodesmium erythraeum, T. thiebautii, Ceratocorys horrida, and Hemiaulus hauckii were ranked as oligotrophic group. Fifty-two species of neritic plankton, such as Ceratium furca, Gymnodinium nelsonii, and Chaetoceros curvisetus were ranked as eutrophic one. A flagllata Olisthodiscus sp. (3, 000 cells/ml<) and a diatom Skeletonema costatum (8, 000 cells/ml<) were ranked as extremely eutrophic group. The saprobic species could not be selected.View full abstractDownload PDF (265K) -
Machiko YAMADA, Arao TSURUTA, Yoich YOSHIDA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1439-1444
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBiological indicatior system etc. of eutrophic level according to phytoplankton was applied as classification of several marine regions (Dokai Bay and Hibiki Nada, Osaka Bay, Suho Nada, and Miho Bay). Plankton samples collected in the stratification period were used in the present examination. The degree of eutrophication in these regions was judged by usiug a list of phytoplankton as eutrophic level indicator as clarified in the previous paper, and considering three more spplementary characteristics, vis., the total number of cells in the phytoplankton, the coloration of marine water, and transparency.
Dokai Bay and the inner part of Osaka Bay discharged by a large quantity of domestic and industrial waste water were classified as the extremely eutrophic regions, Miho Bay where oceanic water and smaller quantity of waste water flowed was classified as the region berween oligotrophic and eutrophic and eutrophic ones.
These results showed good agreement with those of classification of the eutrophic levels according to physico-chmical indicators of water.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Juichi KATOH, Chokei ITOSU1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1445-1456
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA distinct advance concerning the construction project of artificial reef is presented, which has been performed on a large scale in Japan, but the way of construction has not yet been established firmly. On the construction project of propagation grounds of Sulculus divesicolor divesicolor in the Hachijyo area, the biological and physical field inverstigations including measuring wave conditions were done from 1976 to 1978. In this paper, the environmental conditions of Sulculus divesicolor divesicolor in the area is described from the point of the Environmental Engineering. Important governing factors are pointed out according to the fundamentals for planning the Aquacultural Engineering which had been proposed by the first auther. The most important environmental factor which plays an important role in productivity is the nearshore flow circulation cell induced by waves.View full abstractDownload PDF (677K) -
Tomomi KAWAMURA, Tamotsu TAMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1457-1463
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSElectrical responses to 17 amino acids, taurine, betaine, acetic acid and HCI were recorded from the ramus buccalis wich innervates pit organs on the snout region of the carp.
In the whole merve responses, L-glutamic acid and L-aspartic acid which belong to the group of the acidic amino acid elicited marked excitatory responses. Their threshold was estimated to be between 10-6M and 5×10-6M and was as low as that of HCI or acetic acid. Neutral amino acids except L-proline also induced excitatory responses, while their thresholds were 2-3 log units higher than those of the acidc amino acids. When the stimulus intensity was sufflciently high, the response was composed of two phases, the phasic and tonic phase. The stimulation with basic amino acids caused an inhibition of the spontaneous discharges. The inhibitory effect of L-arginine could be transformed into the excitatory when the pH was modified to 7.0. High dependence of the response uponth the pH was suggested.
In twenty-seven fibers, responses to seven amino acids and HCI were recorded. All the fibers responded to all the chemicals tested but no specific fiber was found. High correlation coefficients among the responses to the chemicals were obtained in all the fibers. These results suggest that the pit organs innervated by the r. buccalis can respond to various chemicals, but theylack the function to differentiate the chemicals.View full abstractDownload PDF (505K) -
Mikio OGURI1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1465-1467
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA histological inverstigation was done on the distribution of the adrenal gland in the kidney tissue of the toadfish, Opsanus tau, a famous aglomerular teleost. The gland was detected in the wall of postcardinal vein penetrating peripherally in the anterior half portion of both left and right kidneys The glandular tissue wsa composed of intermingled intrrenal and chromaffin cells. Furthermore, occasionally cell cluster consisting of both kinds of the cells was observed also in the renal intrerstitial tissue in the vicinity of the postcardinal vein.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
Shigeo HAYASE, Syoiti TANAKA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1469-1476
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) The diet and feeding ecology of embiotocid fishes around Odawa Bay, Kanagawa Prefecture, are examined on the basis of qualitative and quantative analyses of the gut contents.
2) The main food items of the 0+age group is gammarid amphipods in D. viridis, gammarids and caprellid amphipods in D. temmincki and copepods in N. ransonneti.
3) The amount of food intake per body weight is shown to be 2-3% in D. viridis, 2-5% in D. temmincki and 1-4% in N. ransonneti.
4) The seasonal change of the food items utilized by the 0+age group of D. viridis and D. temmincki correspond fairly well to that of relative abundance of phytal animals in the Zostera belt.
5) The 1+age group of D. viridis and D. temmincki utilize a wider variety of types and larger sized food items which are not always predominant in the Zostera belt.
6) The food items of N. ransonneti show no seasonality and N. ransonneti does not seem to depend on phytal animals in the Zostera belt as food resources.View full abstractDownload PDF (536K) -
Syoiti TANAKA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1477-1482
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA stock-fishey system model is set up and its dynamical properties are studied. The stock grows according to a logistic type model with a minimum limit on the stock size which can be sustained. The fishery is regulated through the catch quota, which is increased or decreased depending upon the present level of the stock size relative to the target level and its rate of change. A time lag between the observation and the enforcement of the regulation is incorporatd into the model. Simultaneous finite difference equations are derived and a stability analysis around the equilibrium point nd some simulations are conducted. The following is suggested: (1) the stability is high when the target level is larger than the MSY level, (2) incorporating a time lag until the enforcement of regulations occurs reduces the stability considerably, (3) for regulating the quota, more weight should be placed on the rate of change than on the present level of the stock size, and (4) a locally unstable equilibrium point may have a limit cycle around it. The only essential information on the stock needed to run this management system is the relative stock size, and hence if we have a reliable index of the rlative stock size, we would be able to manage the stock and to approach the target point.View full abstractDownload PDF (363K) -
Yuri OMURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1483-1488
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nervous organization of the pineal organ of the ayu was investigated by acetylchlorinestrase (AChE) method1, 2) and electron microscopy. 313 AChE-positive nerve cells (about 5-15 υm in diameter) were densely distributed in the medial and proximal region and sparsely scattered in the lateral and distal regions of the vesicle. Usually, the larger nerve cells were located in the distal region of the vesicle, while the smaller ones in the proximal region of the vesicle and throughout the stalk. The pineal tract was composed of two types of unmyelinated nerve fibers; thicker fibers (1.3-1.8 υm in diameter) and thinner ones (0.3-0.7υm in diameter). In a cross and thin section of the pineal tract posterior to the habenular commissure, 625 thinner nerve fibers were surrounded by 39 thicker ones. Thus, the difference in number between the AChE-positive nerve cells and the nerve fibers in the pineal tract suggests a complexity of the nervous organization in the pineal organ of the fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (1688K) -
Kei TAKIZAWA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1489-1492
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDepending upon the analysis of the size composition drawn from catch the conditions of some exploited fish population have often been studied, and the size composition of some larval fishes may surely take hold of the revelation of their survival and growth processes in the sea. This paper treats of these matters by inspecting the size compositions drawn from the catch by the small drag net with the aid of mathematical models of a exponential function or a stochastic process.
Almost all the size composition may show the one of a cohort with the individual variation in growth though there appears the error due to the method of sampling or measurement. In the consequence of the quadratic regression application to the size composition the survival period of the cohort is detected to be about 60 days and the mortality coefficients averaged through this period have become the values within the range of 0.0250-0.0418 (1/day). The coefficients which indicate the variance of individuality in the logarithmically transformed total length have the values of ten to the minus fourth power, that are supported by the studies in another fishes rearing.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Hisashi KUROKURA, Reijiro HIRANO1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1493-1495
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLong term cryopreservation of rainbow trout sperm was attempted. Fertility test with the sperm preserved for 343 days gave nearly 40% eyed eggs. Changes in major cation content of spermatozoa related to freeze-thawing was investigated as a possible cause of reduction of fertilizing capacity. It was found that freeze-thawing causes an increase of Na++ and Ca++ and a decrease of K+ and Mg++ in spermatozoa.View full abstractDownload PDF (260K) -
Eiji NIWA, Kenji KOSHIBA, Michio MATSUZAKI, Teruo NAKAYAMA, Iwao HAMAD ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1497-1500
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn elastic gel is formed by standing fish flesh sol at 0-50°C (setting), while at about 60°C, the once formed gel is disintegrated (returning). The visco-elasticities of the heated products of myosin heavy chains from various sources were studied in order to clarify their species-specifi-cities in the ease to set and the ease to return.
Gels weree prepared by griniding the heavy chain coagula with 3% sodium chloride, and heating at 40°C for 30 min in the setting and at 60°C for 120 min in the returning. At 40°C, elastic gels were formed from fine-spotted flounder, black scraper and jack mackerel; the brittle gels were formed from yellow tail, carp and spanish mackerel; but none was formed from ben, beef and pork. At 60°C, the gels were formed from the above species except black scraper and spanish mackerel.
Viscosities of the heavy chain solutions from jack mackerel (2.0 mg⁄/ml) and flatfish (3.0mg⁄/ml) increased during heating 40°C, while those from carp (5.0mg⁄/ml), hen (6.5mg⁄/ml) and beef (5.7mg⁄/l) did not.
The viscometric behaviors of flatfish and carp actomyosin solutions were observed to be similar to that of the heavy chain solution from each fish.
From the above results, it was presumed that the difference in the gel-forming abilities among the muscles of the various species was eventually attributed to the difference among the heavy chains.View full abstractDownload PDF (296K) -
Mitsu KAYAMA, Mitsumasa MANKURA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1501-1505
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hydrolysis and synthesis wax wsters by the enzyme preparation from the calanoid copepod, Acartia chausi, were investigated. Contents of wax esters and triglycerides in the lipids of the copepod were 13.2% and 49.6% in the sample collected in June; and 27.7% and 31.7% in the sample collected in October, respectively. The lipase, esterase, and wax ester hydrolyzing and synthesizing enzyme activities per h per mg protein of the homogenate supernatant obtained by 10, 000×g centrifugation were 0.027μeq, 1.2 μmol, 0.26 nmol and 0.0027 nmol, respectively, in the experimental conditions. From the present data, it could be pointed out that the copepod has rather higher activity of wax ester hydrolysis and relatively high value of synthesis, while the carp hepatopancress shows higher values in lipase and esterase activities. By the gel filtration of the supernatant on a Sephadex G-200 column, lipase, esterase, and wax ester hydrolyzing and synthesizing enzymes were separated in the different fractions. Wax ester synthesizing enzyme was activated by the addition of ATP, CoA and NADH or NADPH. Moreover, the reduction of labelled fatty acid of substrate to the corresponding alcohol moiety in the wax esters increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Yasuo MAKINODAN, Motohiko HIROTSUKA, Shizunori IKEDA1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1507-1510
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain some knowledge on autolysis of fish muscle, blocks of carp muscle sterilized with 70% ethanol were stored at 37°C and 5°C in Ringer solution containing 100 ppm chloramphenicol, During storage no growth of bacteria was observed. Muslce pH decreased from 6.8 to 6.3 at 37°C or 6.6 at 5°C. Both of the ninhydrin positive matters (amino acids) and Cu-Folin positive matters (peptides) increased with storage time. Production of both compounds was recognized by gel filtration, too. On the other hand, slab SDS-gel electrophoresis of stored muscle showed reduction and appearance of 30, 000-40, 000 dalton-bands. These results clarified that carp muscle autolysed to produce not only amino acids but also peptides under tissue condition, moreover these suggested the existence of exo- and endopeptidases showing activity near neutrality.View full abstractDownload PDF (1128K) -
Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Shin-ichi HYODO, Tetsuo ANDO1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1511-1515
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new C29-sterol was isolated from the sterol mixture of a triton, Charonia tritonis, by using column chromatography on a silver nitrate-impregnated silicic acid. The chemical structure was elucidated by mass, infra-red absorption, and nuclear magnetic tesonance spectrometry. As a result, this sterol was characterized as 23, 24-dimethylcholesta-7, 22-dien-3β-ol.View full abstractDownload PDF (312K) -
Shin-ichi TESHIMA, Akio KANAZAWA, Shin-ichi HYODO1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1517-1520
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA mew C28-streol was isolated from the sterol mixture of sponge, Hymeniacidon perlevis (phylum Porifera, class Demospongia, order Halichondrina, family Hymeniacidonidae). This sterol was isolated by using column chromatography on silver nitrate-impregnated silicic acid and preparative gas-liquid chromatography on 3.0% OV-17. The chemical structure was elucidated by mass and nuclear magnetic resonance spectrometry. As a result, this sterol was characterized as 3β-hydroxy methy 1-24-methylene-A-nor-5α-cholestane.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Chinkichi OGINO1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1521-1525
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were conducted in order to investigate the effect on rainbow trout and chum salmon of the total deletion of trace elements from the mineral mixture in fish meal diets. In long-term feeding trials of 18 and 54 weeks of the rainbow trout, feeding it with a diet without a supplement of trace elements resulted in reduced growth and low feed effciency. The fish on the deficient diet revealed by the 14th week of the feeding, lens cataracts and short body dwarfism as the most noticeable gross external signs. The abnormalities of the eyes and body attained 86% and 31% at the end of 18th week of the feeding.
In a short-term feeding of 13 weeks the total deletion of trace elements from the diets caused cataracts together with exophthalmus and deperessed growth in both chum salmon and ranbow trout fry, and also a high mortality in the former fish, but short body dwarfism was not observed in the short-term feeding of these fish.
These results have demonstrated that even though white fish meal containing various kinds of minerals is used as a used as protein source, a supplement of dietary trace elements is essential for ranbow trout and chum salmon. The deficiency of trace elements exerts ill effects on normal growth, morphology, and eye health.View full abstractDownload PDF (1145K) -
Takao MATSUNO, Takashi MAOKA, Shigeki SAKAGUCHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1527-1531
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOccurrence of α-and β-carotene mono-ols such as cryptoxanthin, isocryptoxanthin and α-cryptoxanthin have been known from fishes. In the present sutdy by the authors β-caroten-2-ol was newly discovered in the integuments of six species of fishes out of twenty two species of fishes examined. It is an interesting fact that the β-caroten-2-ol containing fished feed on mainly aquatic insects which contain the same caroteniod.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
Yasuyoshi MORI, Noboru HORIE, Takahide TSUCHIYA, Juichiro J. MATSUMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1533-1537
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAdenosinetriphosphatase (ATPase) activity of actomyosin of the obliquely striated mantle muscle of squid was studied to confirm and supplement the previous work. ATPase activity was assayed at ionic strength of 0.15 or 0.6, Tris-maleate buffer 30 mM (pH 7.0-7.5), protein 0.1mg/ml, ATP 3.2 mM, CaCl2, MgCl2 or EDTA 3.2 mM, and 25°C; for 10 min. Effects of Ca2+ and Mg2+ were tested in the function of temperature. Both Ca2+ and Mg2+ revealed marked activation at eithe ionic strength of 0.15 or 0.6, but EDTA none. At ionic strength 0.15, Ca2+-ATPase showed a steep peak at 30°C, while Mg2+-ATPase demonstrated a gradual peak with the top at 35°C. At ionic strenght of 0.6, the macimum of the former appeared at 25°C and that of the latter at 40°C. Mg2+ ion seemed to stabilize the ATPase. When the activety was assayed at various ratios of actomyosin and ATP, the full activity levels were attained below the ratio of 0.1-0.2 mg/ml protein per 3 mM ATP. Addition of Mg2+ to Ca2+-activated ATPase, reduced the activity to the level activated with Mg2+ alone, while addition of Ca2+ to Mg2+-activated ATPase, did not alter the activity. Effects of Mg2+ appeared to overcome that of Ca2+. During 60 min incubation of enzymic reaction mixture at 25°C prior to adding ATP, the activity was reduced appreciably. This seemed to satand with the so far reported lability of the squid actomyosin which was illustrated in changes of several physiconchemical properties.View full abstractDownload PDF (354K) -
Munehiko TANAKA, Satoshi OKUBO, Kosaku SUZUKI, Takeshi TAGUCHI1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1539-1543
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLosses of available lysine in water soluble protein of mackerel meat by heating at 80°C, 100°C and 120°C were determined in the presence of D-glucose or D-glucose-6-phosphate (G6P). Effects of moisture content and pH level on the retention of available lysine were also examined. Loss of available lysine by heating was accelerated by the addition of reducing sugars and their reactions followed the first order kinetics. Rates of available lysine losses increased with increasing temperature and pH value. However, it was observed that there was no significant difference in the retention of available lysine were 16.5-17.5 kcal/mole in the presence of glucose and 18.3-19.0 kcal/mole in the presence of G6P. The degradation of added reducing sugar by heating was first order reaction for up to approximately 90% loss. The activation energy for reducing sugar losses was fairly close to that for available lysine losses. The available lysine loss rate constant was found to increase as the added glucose to lysine molar raito (G/L) increased. On the other hand, the loss of glucose became larger as the G/L ratio decreased.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K) -
Tateo FUJII1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1545
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Jiro IWATA, Kunihkio SHIGUENO1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1547
Published: December 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (103K) -
1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1550a
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (12K) -
1980 Volume 46 Issue 12 Pages 1550b
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (12K)
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