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Volume 46, Issue 2
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Kazutsugu HIRAYAMA, Seigo TAMANOI1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 117-123
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor Penaeus japonicus, the values of 24h TLm of MEP and diazinon at about 25°C decreased with the larval development from the highest values of 1.9ppm and over 20ppm at nauplius stage to the lowest values of (5.0-9.0)×10-4 ppm and (2.0-5.0)×10-2 ppm at post larval stage, respectively. Thereafter, 24h TLm remained almost constant.
For Portunus trituberculatus, change of 24h TLm of each pesticide with larval development had a similar pattern to that for Penaeus japonicus. Namely, the value of 24h TLm decreased from zoea I at the first stage just after hatching, to zoea IV or megalopa, having the lowest values of (1.7-5.0)×10-4 ppm on MEP an (4.0-15)×10-3 ppm on diazinon, respectively.
Sea water containing each pesticide even at much lower concentration than 24h TLm had the effect of retarding moulting on larvae.
Any influence of MEP on the oxygen consumption of larvae of Portunus trituberculatus was hardly detected during 4 hours of immersion even at almost the same concentration as 24h TLm.View full abstractDownload PDF (443K) -
Tuneo KONAGAYA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 125-128
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFish are considered to generate extremely low frequency sound by the motion of the finor body in water, and to use this sound for mutual communication in schooling. This means that fish may be able to perceive the low-frequency sound produced by the motion of objects in water.
This paper deals with the very low-frequency underwater sound produced by the motion of fish and fishing gears in water and the responses of the fish to this sound.
Results obtained are summarized as follows:
1) Fish and fishing gears produce short pulses by their motion in water.
2) A rapid pressure change was detected at the net mouth of a wingless model dragnet.
3) The fish responds by rapid swimming or tail flipping to the pulsy sound or the pressure change in water.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Tuneo KONAGAYA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 129-132
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effects of construction sound to fish populations, the change of acoustic environments of Lake Biwa by dredging was observed. Also, the response of fish to dredging sound and swimming direction of fish near the worksite was studied by the use of acustic biotelemetry.
Results obtained are sumarized as follows:
1) The spectrum level of the back ground noise of lake Biwa was within the limits of prevailing noise of the sea.
2) Pressure level of the underwater sound of a dredging boat at a distance of 150m was about 38dB, and that of a submerged pipe at a distance of 2m was 75dB.
3) The fish showed negative responses and was considered to avoid the avoustic field of worksite.View full abstractDownload PDF (312K) -
Yasuhiko TAKI, Yoshimitsu OGASAWARA, Yukikazu IDO, Norimasa YOKOYAMA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 133-138
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluence of the color of substrata on the settlement of cyprid larvae of barnacles, Balanus amphitrite subspp., was studied using larva collecting plates colored with paints of four different luminosities in each of four different hues: red, yellow, green, and blue. It was revealed that the cyprids discriminate between luminosities in each hue and respond differently to given luminosities, either being attracted by lower luminosities or escaping from higher luminosities, indicating an important role of negative phototaxis in larval settlement. However, the sensitivity of the cyprids to light stimuli differs between regions of the spectrum; the cyprids are far more sensitive to green than to red, and green discourages their settlement at much lower luminosity levels than red does.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Shunpei KAKUDA, Kazuo NAKAI1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 139-143
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn oredr to clarify the age and growth of Nibea albiflora in the Seto Inland Sea, Samples were collected during one year from the landings picked up from the Sea. Each scale removed from the sample specimen was examined and measured. The results of analysis of the annual ring on the scales show that one annulus is formed once a year, in the month of June and July. As the spawning season runs from May to August and since most specimens of fish spawn in June and July, the time of the formation of the new annulus is approximately in accordance with the spawing season.
The standard lengh of this species found in the Seto Inland Sea is 151, 238, 305 and 357mm on an average at the ages of full 1, 2, 3 and 4 years, respectively, The general growth formula for this species is adequately expressed by the following equation ascribed to BERTALANFFY: Lt=529 (1-e-0.262t-0.736).
The growth of the yearling immature fish was studied on samples collected in August, September and November. This growth, on the basis of an analysis of the progression of mean and mode in succesive length-frequency distributions of the immature fishes, was discussed as compared with the growth estimated from the monthly changes of the marginal growth index of the scale.View full abstractDownload PDF (492K) -
Takeshi KAJIHARA, Minako OKA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 145-148
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large bed of marine mussel, Mytilus edulis galloprovincialis LAMARCK, has formed in the intertidal zone of Tokyo Bay. In studying the ecology of the mussel in Tokyo Bay, the seasonal occurrence of planktonic larvae an the settlement of young mussels were investigated. Hydrozoa was used as a natural substratum. As an artificial substratum, a rope collector made of filaments of vinilon rope was used. Planktonic larvae appeared all through the year except during the season from late June to September, with the peak in late March. The kinetics of settlement on hydrozoa and the rope collector was almost the same as that of the appearance of planktonic larvae, with the peak in late April. A few settlements were observed on the hydrozoa and the rope collector during the summer. Most settlements on the rope collector were observed at a depth of 2m below CD. As a substratum for primary settlement, the rope collector seems to be very useful for monitoring the seasonal occurrence of young mussels.View full abstractDownload PDF (271K) -
Hiroshi MOTOH, Prasit BURI1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 149-155
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is a linear relationship between the size of the prawn and that of its petasma or thelycum as shown in Fig. 7. When the male reaches approximately 34mm in CL, the petasma is structurally complete in the great majority of specimens and is functional as intromittent organ*. In female P. monodon, the thelycum is structurally complete in almost all animals of 47mm in CL. According to the senior author's own observation, a similar size gap between the sexes mentioned above seems to be common to the other species of the genus Penaeus, but no data has yet been published. TUMA1) divided penaeid thelyca into two general types, viz. open and closed types. The present study shows that the thelycum of P. monodon belongs to the closed type. The appendix masculina of the present material is morphologically quite identical to the classification of these of the genus Penaeus presented by YOUOYA, 7) viz. anterior surface of the basal plate without strong elevation, appendage with marginal setae, and appendage longer than broad.View full abstractDownload PDF (593K) -
Kei TAKIZAWA, Wataru SAKAMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 157-165
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo study the characteristics particle distrbution in waters the authors developed new apparatus applying the principle of light beam interruption. Two experimental series were carried out in different places, one was a small scale measurement at the inner part of bay and the other was open sea.
As the variation of “ particle numbers in every unit tow lenght (PARTICLE NUMBER) ” was regarded as a stochastic process, power spectrum of PARTICLE NUMBER, histogram and I ?? index were calculated in each case. They suggested that distribution patterns near sea surface could be classified into two groups, daytime pattern and night one. In the former case histograms of PARTICLE NUMBER seemed to be Poisson (random distribution) and in the latter Polya-Eg-genberg's distribution (contagious distribution). The fluctuation of PARTICLE NUMBER in some neighboring quadrats was examined and it was detected that the conditional probability of the process decreased exponentially. It was inferred that the relation between transition probability and state space in Markov Process is applicable to the fluctuation of PARTICLE NUMBER.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K) -
Kunio KOBAYASHI, Takuo KISHINO1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 167-170
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study has been made of the effect of pH on the toxicity and accumulation of pentachloro-phenol (PCP) in goldfish, Carassius auratus. The toxicity of PCP to the fish abruptly decreased with an increase of the pH of PCP-media, as shown in the 24-h LC50 values increase from 0.052 ppm at pH 5.5 to 16 ppm at pH 10.
The accumulation of PCP by the fish also decreased with the increase of the pH of the media. The bioconcentration of PCP by the fish also decreased with the increase of the pH of the media. The bioconcentration ratios at 1-h exposure to 0.1 ppm PCP-media at pH 5.5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 were 131, 120, 56, 24, 12 and 2, respectively.
On the other hand, the concentration of PCP found in all the dead fish in the media ranged from 82 to 115 μg/g body weight independent of the variation of the pH and PCP concentration of the media.
From these results, it was demonstrated that the accumulation of PCP by the fish decreased with an increase of the pH of PCP-media, and consequently the PCP concentration in the fish body did not readily reach to the lethal level (about 100 μg/g body weight) at the high pH, resulting in the reduction of the toxicity of PCP to the fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (244K) -
Chinkichi OGINO1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 171-174
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe requirements of carp and rainbow trout for essential amino acids (EAA) were determined based on the daily increase of each EAA in the body of these fish species when they EAA increased daily in 100g of the body weight correspond aqqrpximately to the requirements for EAA of these fish species pre 100g of the body weigh per day, these amounts of EAA should be supplied from the dietary proteins. It was found that there were no distinct differences in the EAA requirements between carp and rainbow trout. The comtents of EAA in the dietary proteins (%) needed to satisfy the requirements of carp and rainbow trout were; leucine, 4.1, 4.4, isoleucine, 2.3, 2.4, valine, 2.9, 3.1, threonine, 3.3, 3.4, phenylalanine, 2.9, 3.1, tyrosine, 2.0, 2.1, methionine, 1.6, 1.8, cystine, 0.8, 0.9, tryptophan, 0.6 0.5, arginine, 3.8, 3.5, histidine, 1.4, 1.6, and lysine, 5.3 and 5.3, respectively, when diets containing 40% protein of an 80% digestibility were supplied at a feeding rate of 3% of the weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
Shiro KONAGAYA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 175-183
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe protease activity of an aqueous extract prepared from Antarctic kirll, Euphausia superba, was examined, mainly at 37°C, with casein, hemoglobin and the specific trypsin substrate benzoyl-arginine-β-naphthylamine as substrate. The pH-activity curve for hydrolyzing the typsin substrate had a peak near pH 7 and was similar to those for hydrolyzing casein and hemoglobin. However, most of the krill protease activity was neither trypsin nor trypsinlike enzyme.
On the body weight basis, the krill protease activity was comparable to that of a shrimp, Sergestes lucens, analyzed for reference and was not as high as had been expected. This was also found to be same even at low temperatures such as 4°C. Since most of the protease activity was detected in the cephalothorax of the body, this was considered to be visceral enzymes.
From the above result, it is concluded that the breakable krill body could be chiefly attributable to the weak physical structure of cephalothorax, so once the viscera is destroyed physically during the handling, visceral enzymes bring about additional digestive breakdowns of the organs themselves and of the surrounding tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Distribution of Trace Elements in Marine AlgaeToshiaki ISHII, Yuzuru SUZUKI, Mitsue MATSUBA, Taku KOYANAGI1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 185-189
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution of major and trace elements in marine algae was investigated by means of atomic absorption spectrophotometry and X-ray micro analysis in order to obtain the basic information to elucidate the mechanism of the metal uptake by marine organisms. The distributions of nickel, copper and zinc were uniform between two organs, lamina and stipe, and also among parts of lamina of Eisenia bicyclis, whereas those of manganese and iron were not homogeneous. Especially iron in lamina was concentrated about eight times higher than that in stipe, and the concentration of iron in lamina tended to increase with the distance from the growing point which lies at the base of lamina in the case of Eisenia bicyclis.
The concentration of iron in the epithelial layer, which is characterized by an active cell division with abundant chromatophore, showed extremely high level in comparison with the cortical and medullary layers. Especially in the case of the basal lamina of Sargassum sagamianum, iron in the epithelial layer was concentrated about forty times more than in other layers, that is, more than 90% of iron in lamina was found in the epithelial layer. Little difference in thickness of the epithelial layer was observed for each organ and part of Eisenia bicyclis. On the other hand, the proportion of the epithelial layer to the whole varied considerably among organs or parts of lamina. The obtained data suggested that the ununi-form distribution of iron in the algal bodies may be caused by the high concentration of iron in the epithelial layer and by the different proportion of it among other layers in the tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Influence of the Quality of Raw Fish-Meat on the Production of Hydrogen Sulfide in Retorted KamabokoMasakatu YAMAZAWA, Makoto MURASE, Ichizo SHIGA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 191-195
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs the first step to improve the off-flavor in retorted Kamaboko, the relationship between the quality of raw fish-meat and the production of hydrogen sulfide in retorted Kamaboko, the relationshop between the quality of raw fish-meat and the production of hydrogen sulfide in retorted Kamaboko was investigated. Lizard fish, Saurida undosquamis, white croaker, Argyrosomus argentatus, and frozen Surimi (frozen meat paste made from Alaska pollack, Theragra charcogramma) were popular raw fish for Kamaboko manufacturers and were used as the experimental raw fish.
The amount of hydrogen sulfide in retorted Kamaboko increased with an increase in the pH of the washed meat, prepared from raw fish-meat (white croaker) during the ice storage. Irrespective of the species of raw fish, the amount of hydrogen sulfide produced was directly related to the pH of raw fish-meat and increased with the rise of pH, when the pH of raw fish-meat was adjusted with 0.2N HCI or NaOH.Therefore, it was revealed that the manufacturing condition which reduces the pH of raw fish-meat was effective in inhibiting the pro-duction of hydrogen sulfide in retorted Kamaboko. In addition, it was estimated that for-maldehyde generated from trimethylamine oxide in Alaska pollack and lizard fish played a significant role in inhibiting the production of hydrogen sulfide in retorted Kamaboko.View full abstractDownload PDF (347K) -
Takahide TSUCHIYA, Shozo FUKUHARA, Juichiro J. MATSUMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 197-200
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSParamyosin prepared from obliquely striated mantle muscle of squid by DE Villafranca's method was monodisperse in SDS disc electrophoresis and in ultracentrifugation. Its sedimentation coefficient value was 3.5 S and intrinsic viscosity was 2.03 dl/g. These were comparable with the respectives values for other paramyosins. The molecular weight on SDS disc electrophoresis was 10×104, and a value of 20×104 was estimated for the double stranded rod shaped molecules as found in other paramyosins. The amino acid composition of the aquid paramyosin exhibited some differences from other paramyosins, but its Lys/Arg and Glu/Asp ratios revealed features characteristic of paramyosin.View full abstractDownload PDF (941K) -
Miyoshi IKAWA, Tamao NOGUCHI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 201-205
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRepeated acidic methanol extractions of paralytic shellfish poison-containing oysters and short-nacked clams followed by a hot HCl extraction resulted in obtaining 2-3 times the toxicity realized by the standard mouse bioassay procedure. This effect was not observed with repeated acidic ethanol extractions nor with scallop digestive glands. Secondary methanol extractions of residues from the evaporation of the primary alcoholic extracts of shellflsh generally gave poor recoveries of activity and fraction with lower specifid activities, but extraction of the residues from the hot HCl extracts generally gave good recoveries and an enhancement of specific activity.View full abstractDownload PDF (301K) -
Nobuo SEKI, Norihiro NARITA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 207-213
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp muscle was minced or chopped into small blocks and stored in ice for up to 16 days. Triton-washed myofibrils were prepared from the at-desath and stored muscles.
EDTA-ATPase activity of the myofibrils from the minced muscles decreased rapidly, while Ca2+- and Mg2+-ATPase activities decreased gradually during ice-storage with the exception that Mg2+-ATPase activity in the presence of EGTA increased. The increase in this ATPase activity was accompanied with a loss of Ca2+-sensitivity of the myofibrils. Little changes, however, occurred in ATPase activities of the myofibrils from the muscle blocks during ice-storage. SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the myofibrils from the fresh and stored muscles were similar in composition.
The change in Ca2+-ATPase activity of myosin B obtained from the stored muscles by extraction from the myofibrils paralleled that of the myofibrils during the storage. Mg2+-ATPase activity of the myofibrils from the fresh muscles was higher than that of the myosin B, but this difference reduced with increasing storage period of the muscles. Myosin B. obtained from the stored muscles contained aggregates more than the fresh myosin B. Myosin B aggregates sedimented by centrifugation at 20, 000×g for 20min had higher Mg2+-ATPase activity and lower EDTA-ATPase activity and lower Ca2+-sensitivity than myosin B in supernatant. The viscosity, ATP-sensitivity, and sedimentation behaviour of the myosin B were also measured.View full abstractDownload PDF (2087K) -
Seasonal Variation of Nitrogenous Constituents in the ExtractsToshiyuki HIRANO, Michizo SUYAMA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 215-219
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA seasonal variation of the content of nitrogenous constituents in the extracts from wild and cultured ayu (sweet smelt), caught monthly from May to November, was studied. The amount of nonprotein nitrogen in the muscle of the wild ayu increased in August and that of the cultured ayu, in September. Of the free amino acids and related compounds determined, high levels of glycine, alanine, histidine, lysine, taurine, and anserine were found in the muscles of both types of ayu: the amounts of glycine, proline, and histidine of the wild ayu decreased gradually during the growth from summer to autumn, while the level of taurine of the cultured ayu showed a marked change in the above period. The creatine content in the muscles of both types of ayu increased with the growth of the fish, and that in the viscera varied considerably in the autumn. The seasonal variation of these nitrogenous constituents differed with different tissues and sex, and the variation in wild ayu seemed to be greater than that of the cultured one. There was a discussion on the taste of the ayu in relation to the distribution of nitrogenous constituents.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
Koji NAKAMURA, Haruka IIDA, Toshio TOKUNAGA, Katutoshi MIWA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 221-224
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAs it is considered that some volatile fatty acids and carbonyls contribute to the strong odor produced by grilling sardine, fatty acids were analyzed by convenient method and carbonyls were crystallized as 2, 4-dinitrophenylhydrazone and subsequently analyzed by a combination of gas-chromatography and mass-spectrometry. Nine different fatty acids including acetic acid and 18 carbonyls such as ethanal, propanal, propenal, propenal, etc. were identified, but no ketones were detected.
Some of the fatty acids in the burnt odor exceeded slightly their each organoleptic detectable concentration. The carbonyls are supposed to be important as odor compounds because of their strong smell. Organoleptic inspection has demonstrated it.
From these findings and the results of organoleptic tests, it was concluded that fatty acids and carbonyls detected can be attributed to the strong characteristic odor of sardine and mackerel when these fish were grilled, even though, some unidetified volatile substances may be present in the burnt odor.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Masayuki FURUICHI, Yasuo YONE1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 225-229
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the utilization fo carbohydrate by carp, Cyprinus carpio, red sea bream, Chrysphrys major, and yellow tail, Seriola quinqueradiata, the fishes were reared on diets comtaining 0%, 10%, 20%, 30% and 40% dextrin for 30 days. Growty retardation and low feed efficiency were noticed in carp fed on a 40% dextrin diet, red sea bream on 30% dextrin and yellow tail on 20% edxtrin. The rates of the in crease in liver glycogen and the decrease in liver and muscle lipid were lowest tn carp. On the other hand, comparably high percent absorption of protein and dextrin was determined in all species regardless of dietary dextrin levels. From these Findings, it is presumed that the low growth and feed efficiency resulting from feeding high dextrin diests might be caused by the poor capability of utilizing the absorbed dextrin, and that the capacity of carp is highest among the fish tested.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Taro YOSHIKURA, Kunio ODA, Saiichi IIDA1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 231-236
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe microbial and chemical analysis of water samples collected at several staitions in the rivers and estuaries in Osaka City was made from April 1974 through March 1977 at monthly intervals over a 3-yr period.
Fluctuation in the numbers of heterotrophic bacteria by the standard plate count at 37°C and coliform bacteria depended on the concentration of organic substances as pollutant at each station and on water temperature. Both bacterial numbers reached the maximum at the most polluted station. During the dilution process of the river water at the estuaries the decrease in the numbers of coliform bacteria was silightly larger than that of heterotrophic bacteria. As to the seasonal distribution of bacteria, the maximum number of heterotrophic bacteria had been observed during the summer.View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Cynthia R. SEIDEL, Paul S. SCHAUER, Teruhisa KATAYAMA, Kenneth L. SIMP ...1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 237-245
Published: February 25, 1980
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a joint study, live, unfed 3-day-old brine shrimp, Artemia salina, and artficial, flake diets were fed to Atlantic silversides, Menidia menidia, either separately or in various combination. The combination diets also varied in proportion of live to artifical components. After each experiment was terminated, growth and survival of the silversides were determined and analyses were made for amino acid and fatty acid compostion. Overall grwoth and survial data showed that unstreessed fish and could be cultured on a combination of artificial + brine shrimp diet in as little as a 7:1 day (artificial: brine shrimp) feeding ratio.
Biochemical data were compared to reported requirement levels for essential amino acids and essential fatty acids in marine fish, and it was concluded that all diets seemed adequate in these two components. These data also indicated that fish accepted both artificial and live diets equally. Results further showed that dietary amino acids were generally not stored by silversides beyond levels required for tissue formation, whereas dietary fatty acids were accumulated to a much greater degree.
Altantic silversides cultured on an artificial diet alone, exhibited poorer growth and survival than fish cultured exclusively on a live brine shrimp diet. Although the reason for the live diet's nutritive superiority remains a question, our results seem to eliminate an amino acid, fatty acid or diegestive enzyme as the key to promoting good grwoth.View full abstractDownload PDF (641K) -
1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 248a
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K) -
1980 Volume 46 Issue 2 Pages 248b
Published: 1980
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K)
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