日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
47 巻, 4 号
選択された号の論文の24件中1~24を表示しています
  • 山元 憲一, 板沢 靖男, 小林 博
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 447-451
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The gas exchange in the gills of yellowtail under resting and normoxic condition was studied based on the oxygen content in the inspired and expired water, the contents of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the arterial and mixed venous blood, oxygen uptake and carbon dioxide excretion, gill ventilation and gill perfusion.
    The yellowtail is considered to be well adapted to the actively swimming behaviour with a high ability of oxygen uptake which is made possible by a large volume of gill ventilation and a large oxygen capacity of the blood. The large minute volume of gill ventilation is achieved not by a large stroke volume but by frequent respiratory movements. The high efficiency of gas exchange in the restricted yellowtail in a respiration chamber is worthy of note, considering the actively swimming behaviour of the fish.
  • 小栗 幹郎
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 453-455
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Distribution pattern of the juxtaglomerular (JG) cells in aglomerular kidney was investigated histologically on the toadfish, Opsanus tau. Clusters of Bowie- and PAS-positive JG cells were detected in the wall of not only small blood vessels, but also medium-sized ones, locating diffusely in the kidney tissue. This pattern of scattered distribution is remarkably different from that in other aglomerular teleosts, such as anglerfish, frogfish, frogfish and sargassum fish. In these fishes, distribution of JG cells is limited to the localized area in the kidneys.
  • 小池 篤, 大河原 正壮, 竹内 正一
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 457-461
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Catching efficiency of the pots for pink shrimp, Pandalus borealis KRÕYER, was studied using two specially designed gear, double framed pots and pots having triggers at the entrance, in a deep sea fishing ground near Sado Island in 1979.
    The outside of one type of the double framed pots was covered with nets 1.9, 2.3 and 3.0cm mesh size and its inside was constructed wih 1.2cm mesh size. The catch of the pot covered with the net of 3.0cm mesh size was smaller than that of the other mesh sized pots. Becuase it seemed to be that the net of 3.0cm mesh was too wide to move the pot for the shrimp.
    The outside of another type of the double framed pots was covered with a net 1.2cm mesh size and its inside was 1.9, 2.3 and 3.0cm, respectively. Selection curve was drawn by the catch ratio of the inside pot to the total catch including the catch of the outside pot for each size shrimp. The 50 percent selection carapace length of 1.9cm mesh size was 1.2cm, that of 2.3cm mesh size was 1.5cm and that of 3.0cm was 1.9cm, respectively.
    The escape ratio of pots having triggers at the entrance were compared with ordinary pots, and the results showed the escape ratio of ordinary pot during hauling up was 50 percent of the catch.
  • 野村 哲一, 川津 浩嗣
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 463-467
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    We measured the Ht of rainbow trout blood incubated at 0.3, 10 and 20°C under different conditions. For “astatic” determinations, blood in the same test tube was agitated prior to each assay performed at 5 intervals; in “static” determinations, the original blood sample was dispersed into 5 tubes and the content of each tube was agitated once and assayed at appropriate intervals after sampling. At all tested temperatures, the Ht values obtained under “static” conditions were higher than under “astatic” conditions, possibly because of a difference in the O2 tension of the assayed samples. Under static incubation conditions (0.3°C, 2h), the sample volume in the range from 0.4-1.0ml did not affect the Ht value. Samples incubated at 0.3°C in capillary tubes under static conditions manifested higher Ht values than samples incubated in test tubes under astatic conditions. The effect of temperature (0.3, 10, 20°C) on Ht under static conditions was also studied in masu salmon, Oncorhynchus masou and common carp. Masu salmon blood manifested a pattern similar to rainbow trout blood; no remarkable changes in the Ht value of carp blood were recognized under these conditions.
  • 梨本 勝昭, 佐々木 成二, 目黒 敏美
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 469-474
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The form of the leadline during the hauling of gillnet on a boat was regarded as a catenary curve, and the dynamical relation of its tension was analyzed. The tension on the leadline at nethauler which changes every minute was estimated by the length of the leadline exposed to the air from the water surface to the nethauler. We measured the length of the leadline preliminary in the field, and investigated the accuracy of the estimated tension and the problems of its utilization. The measurement of the tension on the leadline by this method did not interfere with the hauling of the gillnet but was accomplishe easily and it became clear that the accuracy of the estimation was not greatly affected by the ship's motion under normal sea conditions.
  • 楠田 理一, 石原 秀平
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 475-479
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The spread of edwardsiellosis in cultured eels has been associated with a great and increasing loss but no informations is presently available with respect to the mechanism of infection and pathogenincity. Th present study deals with the growth of the bacteria in the fish body at various periods after interamuscular challenge of virulent EF-1 strain and avirulent E-1 strain of E. tarda.
    An hour after injection, a large number of bacteria were detected in the kidney and the spleen, irrespective of the inocula size or virulence differentiation of strain. A large number of bacteria in various organs except the intestine was detected on the virulent strain injected eel having about 10 times more than the avirulent strain injected one. The multiplication of bacteria was observed on all organs examined in eels injected with a lethal dose of the virulent strain. The bacteria survived for more than 8 days in the eels injected with lowered lethal dose of virulent strain and with a large number of avirulent strain.
    From the result obtained it is assumed that the virulent strain has the ability to resist the clearance function of the eel.
  • 川村 軍蔵, 西村 和一郎, 植田 総一, 西徹
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 481-485
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    To determine the presence of color vision in tunas and marlins, S-potentials were recorded from the isolated retinae of yellowfin tuna, bigeye tuna, albacore, striped marlin, Pacific blue marlin, and black marlin. No chromaticity type S-potential was recorded. This finding indicates that these fishes are probably color-blind. The distribution of relative amplitude at each stimulus wavelength obtained from the records showed that the maximum sensitivity is at wavelengths between 492 and 522nm in albacore and between 458 and 492nm but closer to 492nm in the others.
  • 白木原 国雄, 田中 昌一
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 487-493
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A predator-prey interaction model is proposed for studying management implications of two fish species populations with nonlinear interactions. Nonlinear interactions seem more plausibl than linear ones in natural pupulations. The present model is built up by adding second order interactive terms to the Lotka-Volterra type linear model proposed by LARKIN.
    The prey isocline, which is a curve satisfying the equation dN1/dt=0 in the N1 (prey population density)-N2 (predator population density) plane, is classified into the four types based on the shape of the isocline. The predator isocline is also classified into the four types. The present model with the elliptic predator and prey isoclines, can be used to represent all the types of isoclines and can show the general nature of various nonlinear interactions.
    The responses to exploitation of the present nonlinear predator-prey system are qualitatively different from those of the original linear system. The equilibrium catches may suddenly decline from positive levels to zero even if fishing pressure increases continuously. Such a catastrophic phenomenon is caused by the destabilization of the system. If the single-species MSY (maximum sustainable yield) policies are practiced wihtout taking into account the stability of the system, populations may be threatened with sudden collapses. The MSY policies for populations with nonlinear interactions may be quite dangerous.
  • 松野 隆男, 眞岡 孝至
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 495-499
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The carotenoids from the reddish orange colored muscle tissue of arkshell and related three species of bivalves, Scapharca broughtonii, S. subcrenata, S. satowi, and S. globosa ursus, were investigated.
    They have nearly similar carotenoid patterns, consisting of pectenolone (I), pectenolone monoester, diatoxanthin (II), diatoxanthin monoester, pectenoxanthin (III), pectenoxanthin monoester, pectenoxanthin diester, and a new acetylenic carotenoid, 3, 4, 3'-trihydroxy-7', 8'-didehydro-β-carotene (IV).
    It is interesting from biosynthetic view point that the new acetylenic carotenoid (IV) coexists with its corresponding oxidation product pectenolone (I) in these four species of bivalves.
  • 松野 隆男, 平岡 勝行, 眞岡 孝至
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 501-505
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to prove the validity of the propsed structure, 3, 4, 3'-trihydroxy-7', 8'-didehydro-β-carotene, for the new triol carotenoid from several kinds of bivalves; synthetically two diastereomers obtained by the NaBH4 reduction of pectenolone (3, 3'-dihydroxy-4-keto-7', 8'-didehydro-β-carotene) isolated from the gonad of the scallop were directly compared with the new natural triol.
    One of the two diastereomers was comlletely identical to the natural triol, and the configuration of 3, 4-vicinal diol was determined to be cis by the formation of its acetonide.
    Thus the structure for the new triol carotenoid was established to be 3, 4, 3'-trihydroxy-7', 8'-didehydro-β-carotene and the configuration of 3, 4-vicinal diol in the molecule was shown to be cis.
  • 岡崎 登志夫
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 507-514
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Allelic frequencies of fourteen polymorphic loci were compared among collections of chum salmon from eleven populations returning to North American rivers in Alaska (U.S.A.) and British Columbia (Canada). Allelic frequencies were similar among collections within the major areas of western Alaska, central Alaska and British Columbia but differed among the major areas. The similarity of allelic frequencies between the summer and fall runs of the Yukon River and among populations of different tributaries of the Fraser River suggested a substantial amount of intermingling among populations within a particular river system.
  • 手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫, 亀崎 直樹, 平田 八郎
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 515-521
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The diurnal variation was investigated on the fatty acids and sterols of rotifers during the feedback system culture using a baker's yeast and marine Chlorella. The rotifer contained abundance of monoene fatty acids (50-60% of total fatty acids) in every sampling time, but the levels of eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5ω3) was elevated after addition of the Chlorella. The sterol concentrations showed no marked varation during the feedback system culture, and the rotifer contained 24-methylcholesta-7, 22-dienol and cholesterol as the major sterols.
  • 村井 武四, 秋山 敏男, 能勢 健嗣
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 523-527
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Crystalline amino acids coated with casein as a supplement to gelatin or casein and four kind of carbohydrates with different molecular size (glucose, maltose, dextrin and alpha-starch) were fed to fingerling carp for 6 weeks to test a hypothesis that the poor untilization of crystalline amino acids by arp may be due to rapid absorption of certain amino acids. Fish fed with the gelatin diet supplemented with 10 amino acids coated with casein showed comparable growth to that of the control diet (25% casein, 10% gelatin and 30% alpha-starch) with which the fish achieved 378% weight gain in 6 weeks, and more than four-fold faster growth rate and almost two-fold better feed efficiency than the fish fed with the gelatin diet supplemented with the same 10 amino acids but uncoated. There was no significant differences in growth and feed efficiency among fish fed with glucose, maltose, dextrin and alpha- starch. Addition of either coated or uncoated arginine to casein, improved growth and feed effciency, but there was no significant difference between the two groups. These results may indicate that coating amino acids with casein minimized variation in absorption rate of amino acids, which resulted in relatively simultaneous availability of all amino acids to the tissues for optimal protein synthesis. Whereas, differences in absorption rate among glucose, maltose, dextrin and starch may not have shown any significant effect on the growth or feed efficiency, because glucose is the only basic building block of carbohydrates used in this study.
  • 林 哲仁, 古川 秀子, 山口 勝巳, 鴻巣 章二
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 529-534
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    For developing the vocabulary that can describe the taste characteristic of natural and synthetic extracts of boiled snow crad Chionoecetes opilio, 5 trained panelists first tasted the extracts and selected a total of 18 terms (items), which consist of 9 primary qualities for taste, 8 secondary qualities for taste, and overall taste. Using this descriptive vocabulary, a 30 member panel evaluated the differences in taste between the two extracts. Mean scores of each of the primary qualities showed that the synthetic extract had almost the same intensity of sweetness and sourness as the natural one, but had weaker saltiness, stronger pungency, and somewhat stronger astringency, metallic taste, and alkaline taste. Of the secondary qualities, mean scores for the synthetic extract were lower than those for the natural one in all of the 8 items. Pattern and subtracted pattern similarities calculated for the primary and secondary qualities suggested that preferential increases in saltiness, pungency, bitterness, astringency, naturalness, and viscosity should be effective in reproducing the taste of the natural crab extract. Correlations among the 18 items computed in accordance with the theory of quantification IV showed that umami, sweetness, saltiness, complexity, fullness, naturalness, continuance, viscosity, and extension should be considered first in the preparation of a synthetic extract as a flavoring material.
  • 松居 隆, 浜田 晋吾, 鴻巣 章二
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 535-537
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to examine whether the innocuous cultured puffer fish, Fugu rubripes rubripes (Japanese name, torafugu), is able to accumulate orally administered tetrodotoxin (TTx) or not, a feeding test was carried out for 20 days using the toxic ovary of puffer fish, its methanol extract, and crystalline TTx, and the toxicity of various tissues was bioassayed.
    In the fish of the ovary-feeding group, all the tissues tested were already toxic on the 5th day, and the toxicity of most tissues increased gradually during the experimental period. In the fish of the methanol extract-feeding group, only the liver, skin, spleen, and gall-bladder were toxic on the 5th day, and the other tissues also became toxic after 20 days. However, the toxicity of most samples of this group were remarkably lower than those of the corresponding samples of the ovary-feeding group. In a striking contrast to the above two groups, the TTx-feeding group showed almost no toxicity in all the tissues throughout the experimental period.
  • アナンド C.P., 柿本 大壱, 坂田 泰造
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 539-545
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In this paper, the growth of V. parahaemolyticus in different media, pH, salt concentrations, temperatures, chitin levels and the sensitivity of this organism to different concentrations of various antibiotics are presented. The strains grew luxuriantly on fish-based media especially on TSBFE NaCl medium. While all the strains grew between pH 5 and 9, none of them grew at pH 4 and 10. K-strains grew better than k+strains at various pH levels studied. Maximum growth for all strains occurred in 3% NaCl but none of the strains grew at 0% NaCl. The strains did not grow at 10°C and 46°C; the optimum growth temperature was found to be 37°C. Chitin (0.5-1%) enhanced the growth of stains. Though the sensitivity of the strains to various antibiotics did not vary significantly with the same medium, the results depended on the media employed. There was no appreciable difference in sensitivity to antibiotics between K+ and k- strains. The order of effectiveness of various antibiotics tested was: chloramphenicol>erythromicyn>sulfisoxazole>oleandomycin>leucomycin>kanamycin>tetracycline>colistin>novobiocin>penecillin. Among the five media employed for antibiotic sensitivity study, TCBS, BTB and TSAFE NaCl media showed uniform results compared to the other two media.
  • 新井 茂
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 547-550
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    After amino acid analyses, A/E ratios of coho salmon, Oncorhynchus kisutch, fry and the feedstuffs used were computed, and the essential amino acid pattern of coho salmon fry was used as a reference pattern. The essential amino acid pattern of the diets composed of casein as a sole protein source was simulated to those of the reference pattern by supplementing amino acids. The supplemental effect of amino acids on the growth was examined in a six-week feeding trial using diets with three different protein levels and fish meal diet as a control. The poorest growth was observed in the fish fed casein diet (40% protein) without amino acid supplementation. Much better growth and feed effciency were obtained in groups fed with the diets of amino acids supplementation comparable to those of the fish meal diet. Among these treatments, the fish fed with the low protein diet (33% protein) showed the same growth rate as a 40% protein casein diet.
  • 田口 武, 田中 宗彦, 鈴木 康策
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 551-554
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The heat coagulation of water soluble proteins from walleye pollack, rat-tail, morid fish, eel-pout, halibut, and mackerel was examined to compare the difference in thermostabillty among fish species. From the thermodynamic parameters accompanying the heat coagulation process, it was shown that van't Hoff plots gave two lines with different slope in the temperature range of between 50° to 60°C. The ΔG° of walleye pollack, rat-tail, and morid fish showed the negative values at both 50° and 80°C. The results suggested that the thermostability of these fish proteins was lower, compared to that of the other fishes examined. The thermal reaction at 50°C resulted in a large value of the ΔS°.
  • 杉田 治男, 出口 吉昭, 坂田 泰造, 石田 祐三郎, 門田 元
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 555
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 杉田 治男, 小橋 二夫, 榎本 彰, 山下 晃平, 出口 吉昭
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 557
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 籔 熈, 石井 清彦
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 559
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 堀内 三津幸, 佐藤 勉, 高木 博元, 戸塚 耕二
    1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 561
    発行日: 1981/04/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 563a
    発行日: 1981年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1981 年 47 巻 4 号 p. 563b
    発行日: 1981年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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