巻号一覧
47 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1～22を表示しています
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中井 敏博, 室賀 清邦, 若林 久嗣1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 699-703
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSerological properties of 96 strains of Pseudomonas anguillisepticu isolated from eels Anguilla japonica and A. anguilla were studied by agglutination tests with rabbit antisera. All strains tested were confirmed to possess a common heat-stable O-antigen. However, they could be divided into two antigenic types on the basis of the reaction to antisera produced by heat-killed cells (O-antisera). One type (Type I)was inagglutinable with O-antisera in unheated state, and this inagglutinability disappeared with a heat-treatment of 100°C-120 min or 121°C-30 min. Another (Type II) lacked such an inhibitory substance. This thermolabile agglutinationinhibitory antigen of P. anguilliseptica seems to be comparable to K-antigen known in the Coliform group. The existence of H-antigen was also demonstrated in both of the types. It was also confirmed that slide agglutination method was applicable to rapid identification of P. anguilliseptica.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (352K) -
林 小八, 小達 繁1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 705-711
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFour repeated observations were conducted in the vicinity of the Izu islands in February and March 1978, in order to understand the movement of larval sauries along the Kuroshio Current. Examination of data distinguishes 18 groups of larvae and juveniles based on positions of occurrence and size composition. Taking estimates of growth rate and flow of the Current into account, seven of 18 groups are classified into three space-time groups are represented by two or three groups which are separated by duration and distance of collections, and differ in modal length shown in parentheses: Spece-time group 1 Group A, first cruise (3 days, 30 miles, 1.7 mm) Group E, second cruise (11 days, 150 miles, 7.2 mm) Group M, third cruise. Space-time group 2 Group B, first cruise (3 days, almost same position, 1.4 mm) Group F, second cruise. Sapce-time group 3 Group D, first cruise (4 days, 95 miles, 2.2 mm) Gioup G, second cruise. When sauries reach the juvenile stage ten days after hatching out, the distribution pattern crumbles, due to change of behavior and transportation by the Kuroshio Current, so that the shahpe of patterns fade. Thus it is almost impossible to trace movement of the fish by that advanced stage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (321K) -
早瀬 茂雄, 田中 昌一1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 713-717
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー1) Population fluctuation of embiotocid fishes in Odawa Bay, Kanagawa Prefecture, was examined on the basis of data on catch per haul by the tow net (Gorota-ami) from 1974 to 1977.
2) The Zostera belt of Odawa Bay was divided into four areas and abundance indices for each species within each area and for the total area of the Zostera belt were calculated.
3) The range of estimates (between years) for the total mortality coefficient (Z), calculated from the estimated daily decrease in the natural logarithmic value of an abundance index of the 0+age population, is estimated at 0.010-0.028 in D. viridis, 0.009-0.033 in D. temmincki and 0.021-0.048 in N. ransonneti.
4) The reliability of the calculation of the abundance index is discussed in connection with various factors which may have effect on the estimate of Z.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (212K) -
杉本 昇, 柏木 哲, 松田 敏生1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 719-725
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA strain of Flexibacter columnaris was isolated from cultured eel Anguilla japonica for this study.
Authors investigated the pathogehetic relation between columnaris disease in cultured eel and granules of fish meal in the formula feeds.
An experimentally formulated feeds for eel (white fish meal: a-starch: vitamin mix.: mineral mix.=70:20:0.5:1) and white fish meal were tested as culture meddium for F. columnaris at 1-0.156% range of concentration in distilled water.
After 24 hours shaking incubation at 26°C, the microorganism grew well in their media, gathered granules of fish meal and formed a number of colums or stacks on the surface of the granules.
Eels exposed for 1 hour at 26°C to this microorganism by means of dipping in a diluted medium, were highly infected by this organism, and high mortality were observed.
These infection and mortality were fortified by the addition fo formula feeds to the experimental auarium. While coexistance of diseased fish with healthy fish could not cause any infection, but the addition of formula feeds to this coexistencing aquarium caused highly infection fo F. coulumnaris to healthy fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (693K) -
川村 軍蔵, 柴田 明彦, 米盛 亨1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 727-729
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe ability of teleosts to respond to the place of polarized light was determined by theri heart beat rate. When the plane of polarized light was changed, apparent cardiac deceleration was observed in tilapia, rainbow trout, and yellowtail, but there was no response in common carp and crimson sea-bream. To determine which organ perceives polarized light, the eye or the pineal organ, one or both were covered in some tests on tilapia and rainbow trout. The response disappeared when their eyes were covered. The fishes that respond posses polarized light vision, and polarized light is perceived by the eye.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (244K) -
谷口 順彦, 浜田 理香, 藤原 弘通1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 731-734
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA half-sib family consisting of two full-sib groups was prepared using the spawners of red seabream and nibe-croaker to examine the genetic variability in growth of juvenile stage. Each fullsib group was marked by electrophoretic genetic markers. In order to eliminate the environmental deviation from the difference in growth between full-sib groups, each half-sib family was reared in the same tank consistently for 45 days in the case of red seabream and 60 days in the case of nibe-croaker respectively. The percentage deviation between full-sib groups was 10.5% in total length and 32.1% in body weight in nibe-croaker, and 7.0% in total lengty and 23.8% in body weight in red seabream. The degree of these differences reach the significant level. The values of heritability of body length and body weight in a half-sib family were remarkbly high.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (202K) -
Tran The Do1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 735-740
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDiergasilus kasaharai gen. et sp. nov. is described and figured based on the specimens taken from the branchial cavities and the gills of the striped mullet Mugil cephalus caught in Kojima Bay. This copepod can be easily differentiated from other members of Ergasilidae by having two terminal, prehensile claws on the second antenna.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (234K) -
前田 辰昭, 高橋 豊美, 上野 元一1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 741-746
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOnce a month from February 1974 to February 1975, adult Alaska pollack Theragra chalcogramma (PALLAS) were caught by bottom gill nets at four definite stations in the adjacent waters of the Funka Bay, Hokkaido. The authors examined several biological factors of the Alaska pollack, density of the fish shoal, and distribution fo the eggs. As a result, the annual life cycle of the adult Alaska pollack from February 1974 to February 1975 was diveided into four periods as follows.
1) Spawning period, judging from the value of gonad index and the maturation stage of the adult Alaska pollack, was from December to March, and the peak in the period was from December to February.
2) Feeding period, judging from the value of feeding index, percentage of empty stomach and the value of liver index, was from May to October, and the peak was during July and August.
3) As the transitional periods, the terms from the end of spawning period to the beginning of feeding period and from the end of feeding period to the beginnign of spawning period were assigned. The former was from the last of March to the last of April, and the latter was from the last of October to the last of November.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (688K) -
吉崎 幸一1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 747-751
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA morphological investigation was made on the melanophores of swordtail Xiphophorus helleri.
In addition to the skin, melanophores were found in the kidney tissue. Skin melanophores were larger than the ones in the kidney. Skin melanophores were dendritic in shape, and had numerous cytoplasmic processes. On the contrary, kidney melanophores were round or ovoid in shape, and cytoplasmic processes were not observed. Except for these differences cytological characteristics fo these two melanophores closely resembled each other.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (458K) -
荒木 利芳, 北御門 学1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 753-760
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe culture fluids of 117 bacterial strains isolated from natural habitats were assayed for β-mannanase activity by using codium mannan as a substrate. The highest β-mannanase productivity was detected in the strain F-25 of Aeromonas sp. isolated from the intestinal contents of freshwater fish, Salmo gairdnerii. β-Mannanase form the strain was induced enzyme. Konjac glucomannan and commercially available konjac powder were superior inducers. The β-mannanase productivity of the strain was susceptible to the influence of culture temperature; the strain showed the highest β-mannanase activity when incubated at 25°C for 3 days, but hardly showed the activity at 37°C. The culture fluid of Aeromonas sp. F-25 was separated into two fractions with β-mannanase activity by DEAE-Sephadex A-50 column chromatography. One fraction eluted by a salt gradient contained an endo-β-mannanase, which hydrolyzed codium mannan, coffee mannan, konjac glucomanna and guar gum galactomannan to give several mannooligosaccharides. The other fraction eluted through the column without adsorption contained an exo-β-mannanase of novel type, which attacked codium mannan and coffee mannan to form only mannobiose but not konjac glucomannan and guar gum galactomannan.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (907K) -
古市 政幸, 米 康夫1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 761-764
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to compare the ability to utilize carbohydrate of carp Cyprinus carpio, red sea bream Chrysophrys major, and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata (which were reared on the diets with 0%, 10%, and 40% dextrin for 30 days), they were subjected to a glucose tolerance test. The fishes istration than the response of normal human beings. The glucose tolerance of yellowtail was lowest, followed by red sea bream, and carp in increasing order. The fishes exhibited a similar pattern of change in plasma insulin levels after the administration of glucose. However, the maximum level of plasma insulin and a ratio of the maximum plasma insulin level to the maximum blood sugar level (Max. IRI/Max. BS) was lowest in yellowtail, followed by red sea bream and carp in increasing order. Futhermore, in all species, the 40% dextrin diet groups showed a higher response of blood sugar, a lower response of insulin, and a lower value of Max. IRI/Max. BS than those of the 0% and 10% groups.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (295K) -
花岡 研一, 豊水 正道1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 765-768
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPhospholipids (PL) are enzymatically decomposed even in frozen fish muscle; the most rapid decomposition rate occurs at -5°C. In order to clarify the fragility of a biological membrane, sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR), due to PL decomposition, the authors prepared microsomes at intervals from carp ordinary muscle stored at -5°C and studied their alterations in terms of yield and appearance. The yield of microsomes was estimated from the protein amount determined by a biuret method; their appearance was observed by freeze-etching electron microscopy.
The yield linearly decreased with storage; it was one-half of the original value when 50% of the PL seemed to be decomposed. The appearance of microsomes prepared from muscle stored for 11 days was not markedly different from that immediately after death, but details of some concave fracture faces showed an irregular distribution of particles. The appearance of that for 22 days showed particle clusters in some parts and some disturbed outlines of faces. The appearance of that for 50 days showed few normal faces; the diameters of faces had decreased and many indefinitely shaped particle clusters had formed.
These results confirm that PL decomposition results in the fragility of SR membrane, even though this is not clearly recognized by observations of the appearance of SR itself.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (895K) -
芳倉 太郎, 石田 祐三郎, 小田 国雄, 飯田 才一1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 769-775
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of organic pollution on bacterial communities in river waters was studied by exaining the responses of the bacteria to different concentrations of organic nutrients in media. The enumeration of heterotrophic bacteria in waters was performed by using a 1.0agar medium containing 10g polypeptone, 5g yeast extract, and 2g glucose in one liter of aged river water, and 0.5, 0.2, 0.05 and 0.02 agar media containing polypeptone, yeast extract, and glucose at the concentrations of 1/2, 1/5, 1/20 and 1/50 of 1.0 agar medium, respectively.
The maximum number of colonies was obtained on the 0.05 agar medium in both unpolluted waters and polluted waters. The number of colonies decreased with increasing the concentrations of organic nutrients in the agar medic. However, the response of the bacteria isolated from less polluted waters to the concentrations of organic nutrients were considerably different from those of the bacteria isolated from highy polluted waters. Most of the isolates from less polluted waters were able to grow only in a medium with the low concentrations of organic nutrients, whereas the isolates from highly polluted waters were able to grow well not only in the medium with the low concentrations of organic nutrients, but also in those with high concentrations. The former we tentatively named oligotrophs, and the latter, eutrophs.
These results suggest that the number of eutrophic bacteria increases due to organic pollution in river water, and that the ratios of numbers of eutrophic bacteria to oligotrophic bacteria (which were predominant in less polluted waters) wolud increase.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (604K) -
三戸 秀敏, 絵面 良男, 木村 喬久1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 777-782
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThirteen strains of bacteria producing water soluble melanin-like pigment were isolated from the water of an aquarium rearing a population of guppy held at 23-25°C. These organisms were studied extensively with respect to their morphological, cultural and biochemical characteristics. The mole % G+C in their DNA was determined, as well as their sensitivity to Aeromonas salmonicida bacteriophages. Twelve of the thirteen strains were non motile and were similar to Aeromonas salmonicida in their pigment producing property, but they differed from the latter organism in certain respects. It is proposed that they should be classified as a new species of the genus Aeromonas.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (914K) -
笠原 賀代子, 西堀 幸吉1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 783-786
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーVolatile components of smoked herring and raw herring were studied. Head-space volatiles, steam-distilled volatiles, and volatiles in acid, phenol, and non-carbonyl neutral fractions of smoked herring and raw herring were analyzed by GLC and GC-MS and were identified by comparison of their mass spectra and retention times with those of authenic compounds.
Forty-einght volatile components (fifteen acids, sixteen phenols, three carbonyls, four alcohols, four esters, four hydrocarbons, and two other components) from the smoked herring and six volatiles (one acid and five hydrocarbons) from the raw herring were indentified.
The phenolic substances were the chief volatiles of smoked herring were considered to come from the volatiles of wood smoke. On the other hand, the hybrocarbons in the volatiles of smoked herring seemed to come from fish flesh.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (136K) -
木村 茂, 宮木 高一, 武馬 吉則, 久保田 穰1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 787-791
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMyofibrils or muscle homogenates from aquatic animals, including various fishes, whale, lobster, cuttlefish, and scallop, were analyzed for connectin by SDS-polyacrylamied gel electrophoresis. Vertebrate striated myofibrils were shown to contain considerable amounts of connectin much largerin molecular weight than myosin heavy chain. On the other hand, no protein bands characteristic of connectin were foud in the striated and smooth myofibrils of scallop adductor or in the striated muscles of lobster tail and cuttlefish mantle. However, a trace of small amount of connectin-like components was present in some invertebrate muscles.
Post-mortem changes in connectin of myofibrils were studied using carp white muscle. No significant changes were detected by SDS-gel electrophoresis, whereas a rapid decrease in connectin contents was observed without any detectable cleavage of other myofibrillar proteins by proteases. This decrease was considered to be due to the increased solubility of connectin during post-mortem ageing.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (618K) -
堀 貫治, 宮沢 啓輔, 伊藤 啓二1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 793-798
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe surveyed the Japanese marine algae for hemagglutinins with rabbit erythrocytes. Algae used in this screening were 53 species; 6 species of green algae, 42 of red algae and 5 of brown algae. The results showed the presence of the active components with strong activities in 14 species; 4 species of the green algae, 9 of the red algae and 1 of the brown algae. The extracts of the algae which gave positive results were further examined for hemagglutinating activity against other erythrocytes of animals and human A, B, O and AB groups. Of the 14 species positive to hemaggutination with rabbit erythrocytes, 5 species showed no hemagglutinating activity with human erythrocytes. The results also inticated that the extract of a green alga Ulva arasakii reacted preferentially with erythrocytes of human A and O groups, and that those of both a green alga Bryopsis hypnoides and a red alga Laurencia undulata showed more specific activities with human B erythrocytes than with the others. There were no marked features in the distribution of the hemagglutinins among marine algae tested.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (219K) -
田中 淑人, 片山 輝久, Kenneth L. SIMPSON, Clinton O. CHICHESTER1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 799-811
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーβ-Carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein, zaxanthin, isozeaxanthin and astaxanthin ester were separated on column chromatogaraphy, using magnesium oxide, alumina, Micro-Cel C and silica gel as adsorbents. Magnesium oxide was found to be the most inert adsorbent; the next was alumina.
β-Carotene, canthaxanthin, lutein, zeaxanthin, and astaxanthin ester, separated and purified on a silica gel column, were decomposed or converted to other compounds depending on the duration of time on the column. It was proposed that when zeaxanthin was chromatographed on a silica gel column, zeaxanthin was converted to another compound which has high absorbance on the ultravioled side through mutatoxanthin and auroxanthin. When purified on a EDTA pre-treated silica gel adsorbent, using cyclohexane as the developing solvent, zeaxanthin was stable on that column for 8 h.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (6563K) -
松田 由美子1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 813-815
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of degrees of dehydration on protein denaturation during vacuum freezing and subsequent freeze-drying of carp myofibrils with 5% sucrose + 0.2% polyphosphates or without additives has been examined. At suitable intervals of freeze-drying, the aliquots of samples were taken out and examined as to protein denaturation, using as indexes the solubility in 0.6M KCI, the relative viscosity and the ATPase activity of the 0.6M KCI extractable protein, and the total ATPase activity.
The myofibrils with sucrose and polyphosphates could be freeze-dried thoroughly without causing protein denaturation; but freeze-drying the myofibrils without additives caused the protein denaturation. In the latter case, the protein deaturation was not suddenly caused at a critical moisture range, but was slowly caused during freeze-drying.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (204K) -
丹羽 栄二, 佐藤 万人, 鈴木 理一郎, 中山 照雄, 浜田 巌1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 817-821
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOn the assumption that hydrophobic interactions are involved in the setting (low-temperature gelation of fish flesh sol), the thermal behaviors of muscle proteins were compared fluorometrically for some species which set easily: sardine, jack mackerel, flatfish, yellowtail, and mackerel, and for some which set with some difficulty: striped mullet, dophinfish, beef, pork and chicken. An actomyosin or myosin solution (10 ml) was heated at 40°C for 10min. The emission intensity was recorede from 350 to 500 nm at the excitation wavelength of 365nm, after the addition of 0.04% (w/v) Na-8-anilino-1-naphthalene sulfonate (1 ml). The emission intensity at 470 nm per 1 mg/ml protein decreased with the increase in the protein concentration, and increased if the protein solution was previously heated. For actomyosin, the increasw in the emission intensity was larger in the easily setting species than in the other ones. For myosin, large increases were found, in the order of striped mullet, dolphinfish, pork and chicken; this order corresponds to that of the ease to set. But in the easily setting species, the increase was not always alrge. The scattering of the excitation light increased upon heating, especially in the sardine actomyosin and the myosins from the easily setting species. Sucrose suppressed the increase in the emission intensity and also the increase in the scattering of the excitation linght upon heating.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (330K) -
天野 秀臣, 宮崎 照雄, 一岡 衛, 丹羽 誠, 窪田 三郎1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 823
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (61K) -
川村 軍蔵1981 年 47 巻 6 号 p. 825
発行日: 1981/06/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (598K)
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