巻号一覧
47 巻, 7 号
選択された号の論文の22件中1～22を表示しています
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板沢 靖男, 石松 惇1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 829-834
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGas exchange in an air-breathing fish, the snakehead Channa argus, was measured when the fish breathed bimodally in normoxic (PW, O2≥130mmHg) and hypoxic (PW, O2≤40 mmHg) water and when the fish was exposed to air at 25°C. During bimodal breathing, total ?? O2 and total ?? CO2 remained constant regardless of change in PW, O2. Of the total ?? CO2 about 60% and 85% were satisfied by air breathing in normoxic and hypoxic water, respectively. Contribution of air breathing to total ?? CO2 was small (about 15% of the total) and was unaffected by PWO2. Thus, water breathing contributed mainly to CO2 release and less to O2 uptake. When the fish was exposed to air, ?? O2 and ?? CO2 did not significantly differ from total ?? O2 and ?? CO2 during bimodal breathing. The gas exchange ratio was 0.75 in this condition. Frequency of gill ventilation markedly increased after the fish was returned to water, and this may imply that CO2 accumulated to some extent during exposure to air.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (478K) -
尾城 隆, 日比谷 京1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 835-841
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSome aspects of the mechanisms of teleostean ovulation were analyzed using plaice Limanda yokohamae as material. Five hundred I. U. human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) was injected into mature female plaice to induce meiotic maturation and ovulation. HCG injection promoted the imbibition of water into body to increase its weight by over 20%, and via blood most of it was gathered into the ovary. Marked hydration or dehydration could not be observed in the other body compartments of the ovulating females. Apparently 70% of water influx into the whole ovary was absorebed by the full-grown yolky oocytes just maturing and ovulating, which resulted in the increase of follicle volume by nearly 67% within 48 hours after HCG injection. Then ovulation occurred after a while without exception. Therefore the very abrupt absorption of water by the ripening oocytes may raise the inner pressure or the envelope tension of follicles enough to cause them to rupture, that is, ovulation. The problem of the endocrine control of ovulation in teleosts are briefly discussed from both the above and other angles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (616K) -
篠田 正俊1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 843-848
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe number of one fish species caught strongly depends on the presence of another species in a long-line or multiple hook fishery. This effect is examined by means of a simple deterministic model for baited hook types of gear. The model provides that the presence of foods for a specific species is either available or not under competition. In vertical hand-line and pole-line fishings, it is found that the numbers of Paracaesio, grouper and skipjack being caught are less than the number obtained under a competition free from another species which may forage more exclusively. Additionaly, the catches of two species under competition do not vary only as a function of the proportion of each species but functions of individual weight of fish and their intensity of interference.
To smooth the bias of catch by the various intervals of angling, the correction factors are obtained. The estimated values may vary in accordance to baits availability due to the intensity of interference with another species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (524K) -
南 卓志1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 849-856
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe early life history of a flounderpseudorhombus pentophthalmus Günther in the western Wakasa Bay and adjacent waters, the Japan Sea was studied.
General morphology of the postlarvae and juveniles ranging from 3.60 mm to 12.25 mm BL, was described. The characteristic features of this fish in early larval stages were elongations of the first 7 dorsal fin rays and distributional patterns of melanophores on the body surface, forming a transverse band.
Judging from gonad index and occurrence of larvae, actual spawning may occur during the period from May through June in the western Wakasa Bay. Early postlarvae were caught in and off the Bay, and metamorphoses were caught mainly in central part of the Bay. Early juveniles were captured only in central part of the Bay, and this area may be their nursery ground.
Analyses of the stomach contents showed that the food items are copepods in early larvae, copepods and Oikopleura in metamorphoses, and Mysids and Amphipods in early juveniles.
There was evidence that early juveniles of this fish are eaten by adult P.pentophthalmus and Uranoscopus japonicus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (674K) -
南 卓志1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 857-862
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe early life history of a sole Heteromycteris japonicus (Temminck et Schlegel) was studied in the western Wakasa Bay and adjacent waters, the Japan Sea.
General morphology of the larvae and juveniles ranging from 2.70 mm to 6.95 mm BL, was described. The characteristic features of this fish in early larval stages were distributional patterns of melanophores on the body surface, forming rows along the dorsal body contour extending from the head to tail and along ventral body contour from the abdominal region to the tail.
Eggs, postlarvae and juveniles were caught mainly in Yura River estuary and Maizuru Bay, and these areas may be their spawning and nursery ground.
Judging from gonad index and occurrence of eggs and larvae, actual spawning may occur in the western Wakasa Bay during the period from May to July.
Food items of the gut contents were as follows: copepods nauplii and small copepods in early larvae, copepods and crustacean larvae in metamorphosis, and amphipods and amphipods and copeopods in early juveniles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (508K) -
讃岐田 訓, 岡本 弘子, 人見 宗男1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 863-869
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRecently, the successive increase of distribution has been observed of the bivalve Theora lubrica and the polychaete annelid Paraprionospio pinnata in polluted environments of the Inland Sea. They are well-known as indicator species of the disharmonic enclosed bay. This paper deals with the relation of the seasonal changes in quantity of these species to the environmental bottom conditions in the offshore and the coastal areas of Central and South Harima-Nada. The surveys were carried out in principle, from March 1978 to February 1979 at monthly intervals. In the bottom layer, the dissolved oxygen values decreased with increasing temperatures. The numbers of individuals and species of the macrobenthic animals also decreased rapidly in this stagnation period. T. lubrica that showed their maxima at May to June also began to decline as well as P. pinnata. After the stagnation period, the former became extinct, while the latter was the only species recover quickly in the temporary semi-azoic areas. These trends were markedly shown in the offshore areas. These indicate that there is a conspicuous seasonality in disharmonic regions. The degrees of bottom pollution in the offshore and the coastal areas of Harima-Nada as compared with other polluted sea regions were discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (524K) -
宮内 真幸, 近藤 政広, 高木 光造, 植松 孝悦1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 871-879
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been made of the behavior of 2, 4-dichloro p-nitrobiphenyl ether (2, 4-DCNO2) and 2, 4, 6-trichloro p-nitrobiphenly ether (2, 4, 6-TCNO2) in goldfish.
The absorption and excretion of these compounds by goldfish were investigated. Three concentrations (1, 3, and 5 ppm) were used; it was found that the amount accumulated by the fish increased with time. The concentration factor after exposure for 120h in 1 ppm 2, 4-DCNO2 was approximately 1, 200, and that in 1 ppm 2, 4, 6-TCNO2 was 950. The concentrations of 2, 4-DCNO2 found in the dead fish ranged from 875 to 1, 450 μg/g-body weight and those of 2, 4, 6-TCNO2 ranged from 1, 900 to 3, 000 μg/g-body weight. The excretion of 2, 4-DCNO2 absorbed by the fish was relatively fast early in the experiment, but subsequent excretion was very slow. After 240 h in running water about half of the original amount remained in the fish. The excretion of 2, 4, 6-TCNO2 was extremely slow and after 240 h about 85% of the original amount remained. It was not easy for these chemicals to be metabolized in the fish.
The distribution of these chemicals in the fish was investigated. After exposure to media containing the chemicals in the concentration of 3 ppm, their accumulations in the adipose tissue were characteristic. The 2, 4-DCNO2 concentration in the adipose tissue reached values of 1, 213.3μg/g at 12 h exposure and 2, 455.0μg/g after 12 h culture in running water. This corresponded to a concentration factor of 818.3 times that of the 2, 4-DCNO2 medium. The 2, 4, 6-TCNO2 concentration was 950μg/g at 12 h exposure and 1, 392.9 μg/g after 12 h culture in running water. The concentration factor of 2, 4, 6-TCNO2 was 464.3 times that of the 2, 4, 6-TCNO2 medium.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (579K) -
李 鐘祐, 藤本 健四郎, 金田 尚志1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 881-888
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe antioxygenic effect and the oxidation pattern of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba lipids were followed during storage by determining the weight and the peroxide (POV) and carbonyl (COV) values. The lipids extracted with a mixture of chloroform/methanol (2:1) showed considerable antioxidant properties (as stabilizers) when added to methyl esters of safflower oil. This effect did not seem to be consistent with the high content of polyunsaturated fatty acids. By means of various chromatographic techniques and mass spectrometry, the antioxygenic material has been identified as α-tocopherol. Phospholipids, which comprised 41% of the total lipids, storage (45°C, 60 days) of krill lipids, no increase in POV was observed, as if the oxidation had been inhibited completely. However, during that period, an increase in COV was observed; one is thus forced to conclude that peroxides did not accumulate because the hydroperoxides were decomposed to carbonyl compounds by phospholipids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (530K) -
石河 正裕, 西澤 一俊1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 889-893
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe polymannuronic acid 5-epimerase activity was investigated in extracts from five selected species of brown algae, using the carbazole-sulfuric acid method for its detection, and its presence was strongly suggested. The enzyme activity in one of these extracts, that from Ishige sinicola, was investigated in detail by gas liquid chromatography, and decreases during incubation of the M/G ratios of alginate used as substrate were found. The result was an additional evidence for the existence of this enzyme. Using Eisenia bicyclis as an experimental material, it was found that the activity of the enzyme is far higher in the growing regions of the fronds than the matured parts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (673K) -
石河 正裕, 西澤 一俊1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 895-899
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe general enzymatic properties of algal polymannuronic acid 5-epimerase were investigated using Ishige okamurai, I. sinicola, and Hizikia fusiformis as starting materials. Its activity was optimal at pH 7.7 and at 30°C. The stability to pH was relatively high, while the enzyme was rather unstable to heat. The activity decreased gradually during storage at 4°C and even at -45°C. The enzyme showed its activity to a polymannuronate and to an alginate rich in mannuronic acid, but no activity to a polyguluronate. It was activated by Ca2+, Mn2+, and particularly by Mg2+, and strongly inhibited by Zn2+, Fe3+, and p-chloromercuribenzoate. The Km for polymannuronate was estimated to be 7.3×10-4 and the molecular weight to be 62, 000.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (342K) -
大泉 徹, 橋本 浩二, 小倉 潤子, 新井 健一1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 901-908
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of sugar and sugar alcohol on the thermal stability of myofibrils (chub mackerel and sardine) have been studied in terms of the first order rate constant (kD) for inactivation of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase. The plots of the logarithm of kD against the molar concentration (0-3M) of sugar or sugar alcohol were linear for all sugars and sugar alcohols examined. The slope (denoted as E) of logkD versus molarity of sugar or sugar alcohol was calculated using the following relation; E=1/a (logkDa-logkDo), where kDa and kDo are the first order rate constants for the inactivation of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase in the absence and presence of a M of sugar or sugar alcohol, respectively. Judged from these Evalues, the protective effect was found to become lower in the order of maltotriose, lactitol, sucrose, sorbitol=glucose=maltose, mannitol, mannose=fructose=xylitol, xylose, sorbitan, glycerol, sorbide, Furthermore, the temperature dependence of logkD revealed that the protective effects of sugars and sugar alcohols were practically unchanged in the temperature range of 25-45°C at which the myofibrils were denatured.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (578K) -
野口 玉雄, 丸山 純一, 上田 要一, 橋本 周久, 原田 鉄造1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 909-914
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSpecimens of the Japanese ivory shell Babylonia japonica from Sakajiri Bay, Fukui Prefecture, were all found to be toxic throughout the survey period, Aug. to Nov. 1980; the maximum toxicity (as tetrodotoxin) was 53 MU/g digestive gland.
The responsible toxin was isolated from the digestive gland by a method which essentially consisted of the adsorption onto activated charcoal, chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 and CM-Sephadex C-25, and finally crystallization from an acidified methanolic solution.
The toxin and its derivatives were indistinguishable from those of tetrodotoxin (TTX) in thin-layer chromatography using 3 solvent systems. The toxin showed the same mobility as that of TTX in cellulose acetate membrane electrophoresis. The C9-base-trimethylsilyl derivative from the toxin gave the same mass spectrum as that of the corresponding TTX derivative. The dose-death time curves of this toxin and TTX coincided well with each other. It was concluded from those results that the Japanese ivory shell toxin isolated was indeed TTX.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (389K) -
丹羽 栄二, 鈴木 理一郎, 佐藤 万人, 中山 照雄, 浜田 巌1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 915-919
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to investigate the role apolar aliphatic amino acid residues of the muscle protein in the setting (the relatively low temperature gelation observed in the flesh sol from some species of fish), the elasticity of the actomyosin and flesh sols from some slow-setting species was measured after ethylsulfonylation or the addition of ethylsulfonyl chloride (ESCI), respectively. After ethysulfonylation, chicken actomyosin lost its salt-solubility and ATP-sensitivity. On heating at 40°C, the ethylsulfonylated chicken actomyosin sol first set to a gel and then the elastic modulus of the resulting gel increased, while the control actomyosin sol did not set to a gel. Sucrose suppressed the increase in the elastic modulus of the ethylsulfonylated actomyosin sol.
The breaking stress increased more extensively for the chicken and beef flesh sols containing ESCI (0.3 or 0.1% of the flesh mince) than for those without it during heating at 40°C. The stress in the chicken flesh sol containing ESCI 0.3% increased more than that in the chicken flesh sol containing ESCI 0.1%. On the addition of ESCI 0.1%, the expressible water of chicken flesh sol decreased gradually during heating at 40°C. Preheating the chicken and dolphinfish flesh sols further heating at 90°C for 25 min. However, no effect of preheating was observed for the gels without ESCI.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (362K) -
森井 秀昭1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 921-927
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe compositions or quantities of free short-chain acids in plasma, of free and esterified short-and long-chain acids in plasma protein, and of long-chain acids in blood corpuscle lipids werestudied with adult whales Stenella caeruleo-alba which were caught alive. The concentration of free short-chain acids in blood was about 0.97 meq/l, and that in plasma was low, being combined mainly with plasma protein. Free short-chain acids were composed mostly of acetic acid; iso-valeric, propionic, isobutyric and n-butyric acids were also present in decreasing order. Several esterified short-chain acids were found in plasma protein; n-valeric and n-carpoic acids were detected, in addition to those free short-chain acids observed in blood. The ratio of acetic acid in the esterified acids was very low compared to that in the free acids. In plasma protein, long-chain branched acids were rare in both free and esterified forms. These forms had different compositions. In particular, many branched-chain acids with carbon numbers lower than 13 were recognized in the free acids, but few in the esterified acids, where the composition was similar to that of fish oil. In the long-chain straight acids in plasma protein, the amount of saturated and monoenoic acids with carbon numbers lower than 16 and total saturated acids was greater in free form and total polyenoic acids in esterified form.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (527K) -
安元 健, 大島 泰克, 保坂 みどり, 宮越 伸治1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 929-934
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDuring the surveillance on paralytic shellfish toxins in Fukui Prefecture, the Japanese ivory shell Babylonia japonica collected at Sakajiri of Wakasa Bay was found to contain toxin (s) of strong paralytic action. The symptoms in mice were distinctly different from those reported for surugatoxin, which had been isolated from the ivory shells of Suruga Bay as the toxic principle responsible for the food poisonings which were prevalent in the 1960s in the region. The newly found toxin (s) was extracted from the viscera (162g) with 75% ethanol acidified with acetic acid; the extracts were purified successively on columns of activated charcoal. Bio-Gel P-2, and Bio-Rex70. Two toxins (BJT-1 and BJT-2) having specific activities of 3300 MU/mg and 590 MU/mg, respectively, were obtained. The yields were 0.7mg for BJT-1 and 1.0mg for BJT-2. Comparison of BJT-1 with tetrodotoxin and saxitoxin by tlc, color reactions, dose-survival time curve, and 1HNMR spectroscopy led to the conclusion that BJT-1 is tetrodotoxin. The reaction in mice and to color reagents suggested that BJT-2 also is a metabolite of tetrodotoxin but it differed from tetrodotoxin in its tlc properties and in its positive reaction to Sakaguchi and ninhydrin reagents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (385K) -
成田 弘子, 野口 玉雄, 丸山 純一, 上田 要一, 橋本 周久, 渡辺 与八郎, 肥田 規矩男1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 935-941
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA paralytic poisoning occurred in Deccember, 1979, due to ingestion of a trumpet shell, “boshubora” Charonia sauliae which was caught off Miho, Shizuoka Prefecture.
The toxicity study showed that most of the boshubora specimens collected around there were toxic at the digestive gland.
The boshubora toxin (abbreviated as BST below) was purified from the digestive gland by a method which consisted of the treatment with activated charcoal, chromatography on Amberlite IRC-50 and CM-Sephadex C-25, and finally crystallixation. The recrystallixed toxin shwed a toxicity of 3, 700 MU/mg.
Thin-layer chromatographic and electrophoretic results for BST were the same as those for tetrodotoxin (TTX) analyzed for reference. Furthermoree. Furthermore, both toxins coincided well in their IR and NM Rspectra, the mass spectra of the C9-base-trimethylsilyl derivative, and the dose-death time curves. Based on these results, BST was identified as TTX.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (432K) -
小瀧 裕一, 大島 泰克, 安元 健1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 943-946
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe green turban shell Turbo marmorata, the turban shell Turbo argyrostoma, and the top shells Tectus pyramis and Tectus nilotica maxima, all collected on coral reefs of Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, were found to contain paralytic shellfish poisons in the viscera. The regional and seasonal variation in toxicity strongly suggested an exogenous origin of the toxins. The feeding habits and habitat of the gastropods suggested that the primary source of the toxins was a benthic organism.
The analysis of the toxin composition of the first three species revealed a trace amount of gonyautoxin III in T. argyrostoma and a small amount of gonyautoxin II and neosaxitoxin in all three species. Saxitoxin was the most abundant component in all species, . The next most abundant component was found to be a new toxin, which was named turban shell toxin (TST). It was difficult to distinguish TST form saxitoxin by Bio-Rex 70 column chromatography and electrophoresis, but TST was separable from saxitoxin by thin layer chromatography.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (274K) -
碇谷 敏紀, 木村 郁夫, 新井 健一1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 947-955
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA method was developed to obtain subfragment-1 (S-1) from carp dorsal muscle myosin by chymotryptic digestion. The biochemical properties of carp S-1 were studied.
(1) Carp myosin was more highly sensitive to chymotryptic digestion than was rabbit myosin. The digestion at 10°C instead of 20°C was therefore preferable to obtain the biologically active fragment from carp myosin.
(2) The carp S-1 was shown to be homogeneous on gel filtration-gel electrophoresis, and on ultracentrifugation. The sedimentation constant was estimated to be 5.38 S (2.6 mg/ml), which was comparable to rabbit S-1.
(3) The SDS-gel electrophoretic patterns showed that carp S-1 contained two light chains of different molecular weights, but the smallest light chain of myosin was lost during chymotryptic digestion.
(4) The ATPase activity of carp S-1 was found to be very similar to that of rabbit S-1 in the following repects: KCl concentration dependence, pH dependence, and kinetic parameters (Vmax and Ka) in actin activation.
(5) The plots of the changes in light scattering intensity and turbidity of carp S-1 against F-actin concentration indicated that one mole of S-1 (estimated M.W.: 1.0×105) was bound per mole of actin monomer.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (991K) -
安元 健, 大島 泰克, 今田 哲巳1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 957-959
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーScreening of paralytic shellfish toxins in the marine organisms living on the coral reefs revealed that three species of xanthid crabs, Zosimus aeneus, Atergatis floridus and Platypodia granulosa, contained high amounts of toxin, ranging from 180 to 590 MU/g. Weak toxicity was detected in the spider conch Lambis lambis, but other specimens including two bivalves were negative, indicating the causative organism is not planktonic but benthic.
A. floridus and Z. aeneus contained neosaxitoxin as the major component and saxitoxin and gonyautoxin II as minor ones. A trace amount of gonyautoxin I was also detected in Z. aeneus. Unlike these two species, P. granulosa contained only saxitoxin. The toxin compositions of these crabs were distinctly different from those of the marine snails living in the same environment in lacking the new toxincoded TST.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (220K) -
渡辺 勝子, 鴻巣 章二1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 961
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (54K) -
山崎 文雄, 小野里 坦, 荒井 克俊1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 963
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (71K) -
小山 絹江, 野口 玉雄, 上田 要一, 橋本 周久1981 年 47 巻 7 号 p. 965
発行日: 1981/07/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (110K)
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