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47 巻, 8 号
選択された号の論文の23件中1～23を表示しています
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福代 康夫1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 967-978
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTaxonomical study on eleven species of benthic dinoflagellates was conducted. They were collected from algal samples harvested on coral reefs of French Polynesia, New Caledonia and the Ryukyu Islands, Japan. They were classified into 4 species of Prorocentrum, 2 species of Amphidinium, 3 species of Ostreopsis, coolia monotis and Gambierdiscus toxicus, including 4 new species, Prorocentrum emarginatum sp. nov., Prorocentrum concavum sp. nov., Ostreopsis lenticularis sp. nov. and Ostreopsis ovata sp. nov.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1667K) -
坂井 勝信1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 979-991
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt si well-known that the normal sera of fishes possess natural or spontaneous hemolysis functions against various heterologous red blood cells and that this sera factor is heat-labile, while fish sera indicate antibody-dependent hemolysis activities, which are called hemolytic complement activity, against hemolytic antibody (hemolysin)-sensitized red blood cells. Both activies are considered to be significant for the natural and immunological defense mechanism of fishes against the invasion of pathogens and foreign agents. However, reliable experimental ptocedures have not been procured for assessing the activities because the two activities could not be separately evaluated.
Measurement methods for these activities were separately established and hemolysis units were newly defined as SH50 unit for the spontaneous hemolysis activity and as CH50 unit for the hemolytic complement activity (MAYER'S CH50 unint was slightly modified for fish sera).
Normal sera of fishes including twelve species, with the exception of lamprey, demonstrated high SH50 unit and a uniform SH50 unit range in each serum against the heterologous red blood cells obtained from goldfish and rainbow trout, but against the homologous red blood cells these did not. In the serum of lamprey, no hemolytic activity was detected against either red blood cells. In the titation of CH50 unit, the tested sera as fish complements indicated still higher level activities than those of SH50 unit against the heterologous red blood cell sensitized with the antibody derived from rainbow trout or goldfish. Furthermore, these showed a uniform and peculiar range of CH50 unit in each species. The complement of lamprey bore no activity as it did in SH50 unit. Rainbow rout complement was more heat-sensitive than guinea pig complement under various preservced conditions. On the other hand, the complements of mammals, guinea pig, human, rabbit and goat revealed abilities to hemolyse rabbit antibody-bound red blood cells. In the teleost fish complements, an opposite relation was concluded in the interrelation between the sources of complements and antibodies used. It was characterized that the mammalian complements cannot be applied to the complement-mediated immune hemolysis reactions of fishes insofar as the antibodies dervied from teleosts are supplied to these reaction systems and also that teleost fish complements should be appropriated for the complement-mediated immune reactions of teleosts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (525K) -
楠田 理一, 杉山 昭博, 川合 研児, 稲田 善和, 米田 実1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 993-997
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this paper, streptococcicosis in cultured ayu Plecoglossus altivelis as to the pathogenesities of Streptococcus sp. and Vibrio anguillarum were investigated. Three methods such as intramuscular injection, intragastric inoculation, and water borne challenge were applied and the results were compared. Successive mortality in each experimental group was rekoned for seven days after the challenge. It was found out that if 6.2×102 cells of Streptococcus sp. or 8.2×100 cells of Vibrio anguillarum were injected intramucsularly per fish, all ayu succumb within seven days after challenge. The mean of median lethal dose (LD50) of Streptococcus sp. and V. anguillarum by intragastric inoculations were 3.40×107 and 6.26× cells per fish respectively. While in the water borne challenge method, LD50 mean of Streptococcus. and V. anguillarum were 1.16×106 and 1.18×104 cells per fish respectively.
The results show that pathogenesity of V. anguillarum is stronger than Streptococcus sp. However, in intramuscular injection, pathogenesities of Streptococcus sp. or V. anguilarum were observed to be the strongest among the three challenge methods. While between the water borne challenge and intragastric inoculation, the former shows a stronger pathogenisity than the later.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (346K) -
石原 秀平, 楠田 理一1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 999-1002
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAt present, there is no available information or other previous reports on the mechanism of infection in edwardsiellosis. This study therefore, deals on the effect of E. tarda on the elvers and anguillettes mortality by means of water borne and oral infection.
On the water borne method, two groups of elvers and anguillettes were treated to about 109/g for 1 and 3 hours respectively, and placed in a tank filled with subterranean water for 20 days observation. On the other hand, four groups each of elvers and anguillattes were fed orally with E. tarda mixed to a prepared feed. Corresponding to each group, variable doses of E. tarda were challenged once and 5 times during the 20 day experimental period with 105.6 and 107.8/g.
As a result 15 and 60% motralities were observed on the elvers treated for 1 and 3 hours respectively in the water borne method. While in the oral method, the following results on mortality rate corresponding to each group of dose challenged were observed: 10%-105.6/g, inoculated once; 25%-105.6/g, inoculated times; 45%-107.6/g, inoculated once and 50%-107.6/g, inoculated 5 times. But in the anguillettes, no mortality occurred in either case.
From the results obtained, it is assumed that the sensitivity of elvers to E. tarda is higher than anguillettes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (311K) -
杉山 昭博, 楠田 理一, 川合 研児, 稲田 善和, 米田 実1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1003-1007
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn streptococcicosis of cultured ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, the distribution of Streptococcus sp. in each organ of naturally infected ayu were examined. Further fate of the internal organs of the fish were investigated by intramuscular injection and intragastric inoculation of Streptococcus sp.
On the highly affected and dead ayu samples which were naturally infected, number of colony forming units of Streptococcus sp. in each organ ranges from 108 to 109 cells per gram of body weight. On the other hand, ayu injected intramucsularly with 105 cells of Streptococcus sp. per fish showed a peak number of colony forming units of 107 to 108 cells per gram in each organ 48 hours after challenge. Another challenge of 102 Streptococcus sp. cells per fish injected intramusculary resulted in an increase in number of colony formation in each oragan more slowly than the previous challenge of 105 cells. Moreover, the number of collony forming units found in kidney was observed to be more than one throughout the experimental period as compared to other organs of fish injected intramuscularly.
In the intragastric inoculation method, 108 Streptococcus sp. cells were inoculated per fish and the results showed a decrease in the number of colony forming units in each oragan without blood 24 hours after challenge, and later increased. While on the ayu inoculated intragastrically with 104 cells of Streptococcus sp. per fish, the number of colony forming units of the bacteria in each organ was gelow detectable limita 48 hours after challenge.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (446K) -
吉岡 利忠, 小野 信一, 永井 彰1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1009-1017
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe lancetfish is a kind of deep-sea and underevolved fish having adipse fin and synchronous hermaphroditism. No report has been made on the ultrastructure of the striated muscle from the viewpoint of an underevolved fish, or that of that of comparative physiological research. One of the characteristics of its structure is the location of a triad or dyad formed by the SR and Ttubule. The triad or dyad of the muscle lifting the stomach, as the visceral muscle, and M. protactor aric branchialis is located on the level of A-I junction of the myofibril. However, it is located on the level of Z-band in M. lateralis. The myofibrils of these muscles have clear striations. Differing from any other animal's muscle, intramyofibrial space is quite rough and there exists lots of sarcoplasma (extra-or intracellular fluid) with developed internal membrane system. It is characteristic that electron densed deposits are included in the SR, They are suspected to be accumulation of Ca++ ions. The intercalated disc of the heart muscle advances straight into sarcoplasma, differing from other heart muscle. It may be one part of stiucture showing a developmental process of a heart muscle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2613K) -
小栗 幹郎1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1019-1021
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThere are few available data on the weight of rectal gland, so-called “salt gland” in elasmobranchs. So, an examination was made on the relative weight (mg per 100 g of body weight) of the gland, using eight species collected at the Laboratory of Marine Biological Association of U.K., Plymouth, and the Cape Haze Marine Laboratory, Florida, U.S.A. In spotted dogfish, relative weight of the rectal gland was 20.6 on an average, whereas the relative weight ranged from 6.7 to 23.1 in the gland of the other seven species. In the salt gland of marine birds and reptiles, the relative weight has been reported to range from 40 to 100. Therefore, it is concluded that the elasmobranches have smaller salt glands than other groups of marine vertebrates.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (164K) -
永井 伸一, 永井 康豊1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1023-1028
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe change of population density and growth of the marine polychaetous annelid Neanthes japonica IZUKA were examined in a typical natural habitat in Mikawa Bay.
The population change in site of food supply was compared with that in natural site. The powdery or granular foods of appropriate size for worms were supplied by spreading.
The substratum of this habitat was composed of soft mud, 45%of which was found to be fine inorganic particles smaller than 60 mesh and 26.6% rion. A tendency was observed that the number of nests in the artificial feeding area was larger than the area under natural conditions. The worms of the earlier stage in April were found in 2-3cm depth of mud. In August, the population density decreased to about 1/8 of that in April. The number of body segments rapidly increased during the period from June through July, and reached full number in August. The body length and weight increased rapidly during the period from April through July. The artificially fed nereids indicated better growth than natural worms in respect to both length and weight. The high death-rate of worms was found at high temperature in summer. The artificial food contributed greatly to the enlargement of each segment of the worm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (289K) -
中島 一郎, 大島 泰克, 安元 健1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1029-1033
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーNine species of benthic dinoflagellates isolated at Ishigaki Island, Okinawa, were grown unialgally. They were Prorocentrum lima, prorocentrum concavum, prorocentrum rhathymum, Amphidinium carteri, Amphidinium klebsii, Coolia monotis, Ostreopsis siamensis, Ostreposis ovata, and Gambierdiscus toxicus. The harvested cells were extracted with boiling methanol and the extracts were fractionated into diethyl ether soluble, 1-butanol soluble, and water soluble fractions. Each fraction was tested by mouse and fish assays and by blood cell hemolysis test. The extracts of P. lima, P. concavum, A. carteri, A. klebsii, O. siamensis, O. ovata, and G. toxicus were confirmed to show toxicity to mice. Hemolytic activity was recognized in all the species tested. Ichthyotoxicity was demonstrated by A. carteri, A. klebsii, and P. concavum, the last being the most potent. With the exception of the water soluble toxin of O. siamensis, all the toxins were found in either diethyl either diethyl ether soluble fraction or 1-butanol soluble fraction or in both.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (352K) -
山田 章二, シンプソン Ｋ．Ｌ．, 田中 淑人, 片山 輝久1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1035-1040
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe sequence of appearance of free amino acids in the plasma of rainbow trout at 0, 3, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72, and 96 hours after force-feeding casein and a corresponding amino acid mixture was examined. Most of the free essential amino acids in the plasma of rainbow trout after force-feeding casein did not appreciably changed from their fasting levels during the initial 12 hours, but thereafter increased in concentration to attain maximum levels between 24 and 36 hours after force-feeding, and then declined to the fasting levels after 72 to 96 hours. In contrast, most of the plasma free essential amino acids increased immediately after force-feeding the amino acid mixture and reached mean peak levels at 12 hours, returning to their fasting levels by 48 hours. Compared with the fish which were force-fed casein, those force-fed the amino acid mixture showed higher essential amino acid concentrations in plasma at their maximum levels. Also, examination of the stomach contents of the fish at these same intervals after force-feeding revealed the amino acid mixture to be emptied from the stomach more rapidly than the casein.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (316K) -
柿野 純1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1041-1045
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWith the progress of eutrophication in many embayments, the determination of the total amount of phosphorus of bottom mud has become important. Such determination is usually rather complex and time consuming. By modifying a method employed in soil analyses, a simple method suitable for routine work was devised. The method is as follwos:
1) A dried mud sample is digested with 4ml 70% perchloric acid, and after dilution and filtration, the digested solutin is diluted up to 50ml.
2) From the solution, 10ml is uesd as the colorific blank of the digested solution, and the remaining 40ml is used for the colorimetric determination of phosphorus by vanadomolybdophosphoric acid.
3) The amounts of dried sample of silty mud and sandy mud which are adequate to avoid any error due iron, are 200 to 300mg and 400 to 500mg, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (338K) -
山添 義隆1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1047-1049
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCellulose-acetate membrane electrophoresis was performed for the muscle protein of two brackish water amphibious fishes, “mutsugoro” Boleophthalmus pectinirostris and “tobinhaze” Periophthalmus cantonensis, together with “warasubo” Odontamblyopus rubicucndus which inhabits in brackish water but is non-amphibious, and two fresh water fishes, Joach Misgurunus anguillicaudatus and carp Cyprinus carpio for comparison.
Results showed that the patterns are species specific through the five fishes, and that the patterns of both amphibious fishes remarkably differ from those of the three other fishes. No in-traspecific differences were recognized in mutsugoro specimens collected from Ariake Bay, Isahaya Bay, Yatsushiro Bay, and also from Moppo, Korea.
No similarith was observed between the protein patterns of mutsugoro and warasubo, both of which belong to the same family.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (206K) -
吉田 陽一, 平田 恵三1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1051-1054
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine the optimum treatment conditions for reducing the retention time in the nitrogen removal treatment with intermittent aeration, investigations at 20°C were carried out in small treatment tanks. In these tanks, various concentrations of artificial wastewater were used as influents and the aeration intervals and strengths were changed.
The results showed that in the treatments of the high, middle, and low concentrations of wastewaters the high rates of nitrogen removal of ca. 90, 80, and 70%, respectively, could be achieved under the rather short retention times of 3, 1.5 and 0.25 days, without the addition of methanol as an energy source for denitrification and without the occurrence of excess sludge in the effluent.
Some excess sludge, which remarkably reduced the removal rate of nitrogen in effluent, occurred occasionally in the effluent after the treatment of high concentration wastewater. But such effluent with the excess sludge could be prevented by treating the wastewater with a continuous aeration during one day, once every 3-4 weeks.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K) -
吉田 陽一, 平田 恵三1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1055-1058
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to confirm the changes in the qualities of treatment water and to determine the optimum treatment conditions in the nitrogen removal with intermittent aeration, investigations were carried out in small tanks. High, middle, and low concentrations of artificial wastewaters were used as influents, and these wastewaters were treated with the retention times of 3, 1.5, and 0.25 days, respectively.
The results showed several changes in the qualities of treatment water under the optimum conditions of treatment in which the high removal rates of nitrogen were obtained:
In one cycle (from the inflow of wastewater to the effluence of supernatant fluid after treatment), 1) the ammonia-N concentration in the treatment water was low at the early and the final stages and was high at the middle stage of the cycle, 2) the concentration of total inorganic N in treatment water at the final stage was very low as compared with that of total N in the influent wastewater, and 3) the ratios of nitrate-N to ammonia-N in treatment water at the final stage and in the supernatant fluid after treatment were near 1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (263K) -
伏谷 伸宏, 橋本 周久1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1059-1063
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーBrown marine algae of the families Chordariaceae and Nemacystaceae have sporadically caused human intoxications known as mozuku poisoning. In the present study, some of these seaweeds were extracted and tested for toxicith in mice. The fat soluble fractions prepared from Sphaerotrichia divaricata and Cladosiphon okamuranus were found to be toxic. There toxic perooxides have been isolated from the former alga by using mainly chromatographic techniques. The principal toxin, α, α'-dihydroxy diethyl peroxide, has been synthesized to confirm its structure and toxicity. It was suggested that these toxins are most likely responsible for mozuku poisoning.
These algae seem to become toxic at a particular stage of their life cycle. It was also demonstrated that the toxins were quite labile in an algal body and were generated only when the body was heated with water. Similar peroxides have been found in the brown alga Analipus japonicus and also in the red alga Gracilariopsis chorda.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (418K) -
望月 篤, 松宮 政弘1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1065-1068
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe enzyme lysozyme was assayed. In organs of 8 species of marine fishes: Pneumatophorus japonicus, Katsuwonus pelamis, Seriola quinqueradiata, Lateolabrax japonicus, Xiphias gladius, Thalassoma cupido, Beryx splendens, and Oncorhynchus keta.
The Lysozyme was chromatographed by elution analysis on a column of chitin-coated cellulose. Lysozyme activity was measured using Micrococcus lysodeikticus cells and glycol chitin.
Lysozyme was found in the pyloric caecum of 7 fish species, in the liver of 5 fish species, and in hte stomach of 4 fish species. Lysozyme activity was high in the liver of 4 fish species. Very high lysozyme activity was found in the stomach of Beryx splendens. The lysozyme probably performs a digestive function.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (282K) -
小林 登史夫, 柳本 正勝1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1069-1074
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFresh Antarctic krill were de-carapaced on shipboard by the “water-jet” method, which used a vigorous eddy flow of water which was emitted throuth a high-pressure nozzle. Semi-batch type processing vessels were produced; five independent operating prarameters, such as flow rate of saline water and processing time, were applied. The obtained results for each parameter were analysed in four stages of de-carapace treatment. Special counting methods were introduced to evaluate the data in single-value. The optimum operating conditions and the maximum yield of de-carapaced krill were thus estimated. A “High-pressure-shower” method was analysed similarly.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (701K) -
田中 宗彦, 大久保 智, 鈴木 康策, 田口 武1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1075-1078
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLoss of available lysine in salt soluble proteins of mackerel meat was determined. It showed that loss of available lysine by heating was accelerated by the addition of reducing sugar and its loss rate increased as the moisture content decreased and the pH value increased. Activation energy for available lysine losses was 16 kcal/mol at 15% and 50% moisture levels, while 30 kcal/mol at 80% moisture level. Available lysine losses in salt soluble proteins of Pacific marlin and walleye Pollack meats were also examined at the moisture content of 15%. Activation energies were 18 kcal/mol and 15 kcal/mol, respectively. There appeared no significant differences in the activation energy for available lysine loss among these fish species. It was observed that the loss rate of reducing sugar was always greater than that of available lysine in these reactions.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (259K) -
塩見 一雄, 山中 英明, 菊池 武昭1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1079-1084
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe red alga Gracilaria verrucosa was found to possess hemagglutinins against various kinds of animal erythrocytes; among these the horse, guinea pig, and chicken erythrocytes were strongly agglutinated. The hemagglutinins were very stable between pH 4 and 12 and also relatively stable to heat. Their activity was not affected by the divalent metal cations tested. One hemagglutinin component (GVA-1) was purified by successive column chromatographies on DEAE-cellulose, Sephadex G-75, Hydroxyapatite, and Sephadex G-75 again. GVA-1 was a tetramer which was comprised of two kinds of subunits (MW 12, 000 and 10, 500); its molecular weight was about 41, 000. It contained high amounts of glycine and hydroxyl amino acids (threonine and serine) but no half cystine. The content of acidic amino acids (aspartic acid and glutamic acid) was fairly larger than that of basic amino acids (lysine, histidine and arginine); it coincided with the low isoelectric point, 4.8, of GVA-1. None of the sugars used inhibited the activity of GVA-1.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (397K) -
山本 義和, 早山 萬彦, 池田 静徳1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1085-1089
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of dietary L-ascorbic acid (AsA) on growth, accumulation of copper in tissues, and blood characteristics were investigated in rainbow trout which had been exposed to a 0.035 ppm copper solution for 18 weeks. The copper contents in the liver and gills of rainbow trout fed on the AsA-supplemented diet significantly decreased, as compared to the contents in the rainbow trout fed on the AsA-free diet. There was a marked decrease in the concentration of AsA in the liver of rainbow trout maintained on the AsA-free diet and in 0.035 ppm copper solution. Dietary AsA supplementation also prevented the anaemia caused by copper accumulation. These findings indicate that copper toxicity in rainbow trout is decreased by dietary AsA.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (423K) -
丹羽 栄二, 浜田 巌1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1091
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (101K) -
益田 信之, 猿渡 実, 武田 年秋, 塚本 勝巳, 石田 力三1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1093
発行日: 1981/08/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (64K) -
1981 年 47 巻 8 号 p. 1095
発行日: 1981年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (31K)
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