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Volume 48, Issue 3
Displaying 1-23 of 23 articles from this issue
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Daiku K. SAKAI1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 345-349
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNo appraisable and exact procedure for assessing the titer of hemolytic antibody (hemolysin) has been devised yet in teleosts including salmonid fishes. A device for hemolysin titratin was undertaken here by applying ralnbow trout hemolysin and complement. Hemolytic complement activity (CH50 unit) of pooled normal serum was determined as 32.5 CH50 units/ml by reacting goldfish red blood cell (GFRBC) sensitized with antI-GFRBC hemolysin (inactivated by heating at 44°C for 20 min) and definitely diluted complement at 30°C for 60 min. From the decided CH50 unit value, the dilution of the complement for the preparation of complement bearing 2 CH50 units was calculated at 1:44, and this diluted complement possessed an ability to hemolyze 100% of 1×107 sensitized GFRBC when this complement of 0.5 ml was added to the total reaction volume of 1.5 ml. In addition, this complement revealed hardly any spontaneous or non-specific hemolysis activity against unsensitized GFRBC under same conditions. Hemolysis was assayed by incubating a hemolytic system consisting of GFRBC, serially diluted hemolysin and complement bearing 2 CH50 units at 30°C for 60 min. Subsequently, hemolysin titer expressing 50% hemolysis against GFRBC was estimated from hemoilysis rates. In these assaying arrangements, hemolysin titration could be accmplished without trouble in rainbow trout immunized with the intramuscular (i. m.) and intraperitoneal (i. p.) injections of 108 GFRBC per a juvenile. Fish in the i. p. injection produced a higher level of hemolysin titers than one in the i. m. injection in the titration aftet 1 week. Hemolysin samples, which were taken out from primed (i. p.) fish group held at a water temperature of 10°C, drastically enhanced the values to a high of 641±251 (mean± standard deviatin, n=5) after 5 days. In succession, hemolysin titers rapidly descended to 485±213 after 7 days through 55±21 after 15 days hemolytic activity became undetectable after 20 days. From the results of hemolysin titration, it was coneluded that the primary antibody response of primed rainbow trout is markedly transitory.View full abstractDownload PDF (455K) -
Mamoru MURATA, Masa ISHII, Masanao OSAKO1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 351-354
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFemales of the oceanic squid Onychoteuthis borealiaponica OKADA, which had copulated, were investigated concerning their morphological characteristics and method of copulation, using one and two other specimens jigged in 1976 and 1979 respectively in the Pacific waters with the following results: 1. Since this species does not possess the hectocotylized arm, it is supposed that at the tiem of copulation spermatophores are implanted directly onto the ventral mantle of a female by the elongated penis of a male. 2. The specimens had cuts 60-80 mm in total length, 1-3 mm in width and 3-5 mm in depth on the mid-ventral mantle near the anterior end. A large number of spermbulbs were implanted in the muscular tissues of the mantle at the cut. It seems that the cuts were made by the beak of a copulating male. 3. It is presumed that this species sopulates at the advanced state of maturity of the female, namely, when the ovarian weight amounts to some 35-78 gr. and the color of genital organs turns orange. 4. The posterior end of an implanted spermbulb is exposed at the surface of the cut. It is supposed that the eggs spawned from the copulated female are fertilized outside the body by the sperms released from the implanted spermbulb.View full abstractDownload PDF (1360K) -
Katsumi MATSUSHITA, Makoto SHIMIZU, Yukio NOSE1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 355-362
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to study the micro-distributin of anchovy Engraulis japonica (HOUTTUYN) eggs and larvae, from the point of view of reproduction, consecutive net samplings were carried out by making distance of net towing as short as possible. The number of samplings was 20 times at each station. The distance of unit net towing was about 60 m at 2 knots per minute. Total number of stations was 23.
A unique concentrated distribution of eggs and larvae was observed in the area of collection formed by the ocean current.
Anchovy eggs are distributed in a concentrated from like a patchiness on both large and small scale
It is considered that the chance of encounter with the prey or predator are influenced by these concentrations of the eggs and larvae.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Toshihiro NAKAI, Kiyokuni MUROGA, Hisatsugu WAKABAYASHI1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 363-367
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntigens of Pseudomonas anguilliseptica were investigated by immunoelectrophoresis using rabbit antisera. Fourteen distinct immunoelectrophoretic components were demonstrated in a representative strain belonging to Type I. Among them, one component having low electric mobility toward the anode corresponded to the heat-stable O antighen and ten different mobile components corresponded to 100°C-30 min heat-labile antigens which were thought to be H antigens. These eleven components and other two 100°C-30 min heat-stable components were all common to Type I and Type II. The remaining component which was 100°C-30 min heat-stable and migrated long toward the anode was specific to the Type I strain. This single component was thought to be the K antign reacting as agglutination-inhibitory substance in Type I strains. it was demonstrated by compara tive experiments that P. anguilliseptica shared some antigenic components with other fish-pathogenic bacterial strains belonging to the genera Pseudomonas, Vibrio, Aeromonas, and Edwardsiella.View full abstractDownload PDF (1687K) -
Takashi MINAMI1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 369-374
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early life history of a flounder Pleuronichthys cornutus (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL) was studied in the western Wakasa Bay, the Japan Sea. Larval development and characteristics of the larvae and juveniles were described. Newly hatched larva was measured 2.75 mm TL and 2.65 mm NL. Larvae were heavily pigmented over the head, trunk, tail, and finfolds with only the pectral fin and posteriormost tip of the notochord and finfold unpigmented. The left eye was migrating in a 7.25 mm larva and was completely over in a 13.00 mm larva. There was a relatively wide range of larval size when migrating is completely over. Eggs were caught in December and January. Postlarvae were caught during a long period, from December to May. Juveniles were caught in January and February. Judging from records of occurrence of eggs and early larvae, actual spawning may occur in the western Wakasa Bay during the long period from winter to spring. Eggs were caught off and inner part of Wakasa Bay, especially around Kanmuri Island located just inside the mouth of the Bay. Early postlarvae were caught mainly in the inner part of the Bay and near shore waters ut of the Bay. Very few larvae were caught in Maizuru Bay. Early juveniles were captured from shallower waters of Yura River estuary. Analyses of the gut contents showed that the food items were copepod nauplii in early postlarvae, copepods and Oikopleura spp. in late postlarvae, and postlarvae, and polychaetes in early juveniles.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
Hiroshi KITANI, Nicalas ALVARADO1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 375-389
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe larval stages of the Pacific Brown Shrimp Penaeus californiensis HOLMES reared in the laboratory are described and illustrated, and a comparison is made with those of the Penaeus shrimps, P. japonicus and P. monodon. While the larvae of P. californiensis are morphologically simillar to those of P. japonicus and of P. monodon, and reach the fist postlarva passing 6 nauplial, 3 protozoeal and 3 mysis stages like these shrimps, there are some difference among them in size, form and setal arrangement.View full abstractDownload PDF (959K) -
Takashi OSHIRO, Takashi HIBIYA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 391-399
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuring meiotic maturation in teleosts, yolk globules (YG), which have already occupied the most part of oocyte, fuse, positively accelerating the water absorption of oocyte to bring about ovulation. In order to elucidate this YG-fusion, oocytes of plaice Limanda yokohamae were isolated with follicular envelopes at different times after 500 I. U. HCG injection. They were cultured in vitro in various media and their YG-fusion was observed. Once oocytes had ripende over a certain stage of meiotic maturation, YG fused automatically in vitro. The lower the osmolality (or NaCl concentration) of the culture medium was, the more YG-fusion was promoted, and the higher, the more it was suppressed. There seemed to be little effect of KCl, MgCl2 or CaCl2 concen-tration of the medium. On the other hand, less mature oocytes showed no sihns of YG-fusion in any salt composition of the culture medium prepared. Therefore it is assumed that YG-fusion is induced essentially by some intracellular changes of oocytes during meiosis and it may be influenced by the chemical composition of ovarian fluid, supposed to fluctuate concurrently to some extent.View full abstractDownload PDF (2483K) -
Kyoichi TAMAI1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 401-408
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution, seasonal fluctuation and growht in a population of the spionid polychaete Paraprionospio sp. (type A) have been studied in relation to bottom environment and the structure of benthic assemblage at Osaka Bay where organic pollution is conspicuous. Type A was distributed in the region shallower than 15 m in depth and the high population density more than 1000 individuals per m2 was found from July t November. Type A showed an annual reproductive cycle. The main spawning season ranged from late June to middle of August, and newly recruited juveniles were observed from late July to early September. The longevity was about a year. The reasons why type A was numerically dominant and showed high populatin density from summer to autumn in Osaka Bay are mainly as follows; recruitment of type A takes place during the decreasing period of the many other benthic animals due to oxygen deficiency in summer, strong tolerance to the oxygen deficiency, rapid growth, few competitive species with type A for food and space, and presence of a large amount of food maintaining high population density of type A. Low oxygen concentration in summer and a great deal of organic input are favorable physico-chemical conditions for type A. So, it is considered that dominancy and population density of type A can be used as indices for organic enriched zone.View full abstractDownload PDF (535K) -
Yoshikazu NAKAMURA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 409-413
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption rate of dietary P in the digestive tract of carp was investigated by feeding them with test diets of different P or Ca contents. The dietary P content was varied from 0.64% to 0.35, 0.64, 1.23, 1.83 and 3.14% each for one week, at a fixed Ca content of 0.70%; the absorption rate was in a range of 85-91% and the amount of P absorbed showed a positive and linear reationship with the dietary P content. The dietary Ca content was varied from 0.70% to 0.10, 0.41, 0.70, 1.32 and 2.65% each for one week, at a fixed P content of 0.64%; the highest absorption rate of P (98.1%) was obtained for the 0.10% Ca diet and then the rate decreased with the increase of the dietary Ca content. A negative and linear relationship was observed between the amount of P absorbed and the dietary Ca content. In the series of diets in which the P content was varied, the plasma inorganic P concentration was significantly lowered by feeding of the 0.35% P diet and then recovered with the increase of the dietary P content.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Kazuki HARADA, Aritsune UCHIDA, Hajime KADOTA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 415-419
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth rate of Micrococcus radiodurans R1 depends on the composition of its media. It grows faster in a rich medium than in a poor medium. However, there was no difference in heat sensitivity among the cells grown in media whose compositions were different. Recently, HANSEN reported that the number of genome equivalents of DNA per call of this bacterium changed from approiximately 4 to 10 depending on the growth rates in different media and that recombination repair between intact homologous segments of multiple genomes played an imporant role in its extremely high radioresistance. However, our data indicate that the growth rate of this organism does not influence the heat sensitivity. Therefore, it is concluded here that recombination repair for DNA damage by heat is scarcely influenced by multiple genomes in a cell of M. radiodurans.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Koichi OKUTANI1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 421-424
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe extract was obtained from the acetone washed powder of the internal shell of squid by the use of M/100 EDTA solution. Intratumoral injection with this extract at a does of 100 mg/kg was effective against mouse solid Sarcoma-180; the groth of the treated group was reduced by 18% of that in the non-treated group. The growth of the mouse solid Sarcoma-180 was also inhibited by the intraperitoneal injection with this extract at a dose of 150 mg/kg; tumor growth in the treated group was reduced by 23% from that in the non-treated group. This extract was effective against the mouse Sarcoma-180 ascites type; a dose of 100 mg/kg administered by intraperitoneal injection prolonged the survival time of the mice bearing tumors more than 2.85 time. In contrast, the extract did not show any inhibition against the mouse lymphoid leukemia P-388.View full abstractDownload PDF (223K) -
Usio SIMIDU, Kumiko TSUKAMOTO, Yoshiharu AKAGI1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 425-431
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe heterotrophic bacterial flora in the seawater samples from Bengal Bay and the South China Sea was surveyed in February and March, 1977. The viable bacterial number counted by the agar plate-Nuclepore filter technique ranged from 103/100 ml at the surface to 100/100 ml at deeper layers. Often uneven, irregular vertical distribution of the viable counts was observed, and 102/100 ml bacteria were frequently counted in samples from 800-2, 000 m layers. Bacteria of family Vibrionaceae were predominated throughout the whole sampling stations. They were particularly abundant in the water layers from 10 to 400 m. Average proportion of the Vibrionaceae among the isolated bacteria reached 32% Other bacterial genera that were found to be dominants were Pseudomonas (15/%), Acinetobacter-Moraxella (10%), Alcaligenes (7%), Flavobacterium (6%) and Micrococcus (5%). Pseudomonas spp. ware abundant at the surface of the South China Sea, comprishing 44% of the isolates from 0 m. Gram positive bactera occurred mostly at water layers deeper than 800 m.View full abstractDownload PDF (426K) -
Shigeo KIMURA, Yuji OSHIMA, Kunio KOBAYASHI1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 433-437
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe phenol-sulfate conjugatin by the liver subcellular fractions from goldfish Carassius auratus, carp Cyprinus carpio, rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, and Tilapia nilotica has been studied using [35S] K2SO4. The cell fractination of goldfish liver was examined by the determinatin of respective markers for nuclear, mitochondrial, lysosomal, microsomal, and soluble fractions. Among those subcellular fractions, only the soluble fractin displayed the conjugating activityl The maximum activity of the exzyme in teh soluble fraction was obtained in the presence of 20 μmol of both ATP and Mg2+ in 1.5 ml of medium, although the activity decreased with an excess of ATP and Mg2+. This conjugatin was inhibited by more than 0.1 μmol of Ca2+ in 1.5 ml of medium. The enzyme exhibited the conjugating activity in the pH range 7.5-9.5; the optimum value was at 8. In the temperature range 5-40°C, the maximum conjugation in goldfish, Tilapia, and carp occurred at 35°C, in rainbow trout it occurred at 30°C. The phenol-sulfate conjugating activities in goldfish, carp, rainbow trout, Tilapia and rat were approximately 340, 82, 66, 200 and 720 nmol/g-liver per h, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (321K) -
Akira KURATA, Takuro KAWASE, Hajime KADOTA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 439-444
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiurnal variations in the concentrations of B group vitamins in the water of southern Lake Biwa were studied by observations at intervals of 12hr. It was found that the concentrations of thiamine, biotin and vitamin B12 were generally high in the morning and low in the evening during the investigation period. Such diurnal rhythmical fluctuation was repeatedly observed unless there had been a heavy rain. The amounts of particulate matter and chlorophyll a in seston of large and small sizes increased during the daytime and it was usually larger in the morning than in the evening. These data suggest that the diurnal rhythmical changes in the concentrations of B group vitamins in water are due to the balance between autochthonous productin of these vitamins mainly by microorganisms and the consumptin of them mainly by phytoplankton.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Haruo TANAKA, Ikuo KIMURA, Ken-ichi ARAI, Shizuo WATANABE1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 445-453
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen rabbit myosin is treated at 35°C, decreases in the ATP ase activity of actomyoshin and in its superprecipittion ability (as well as an increase in teh turbidity of myosin suspension) occurred in two discrete steps: an early fast change followed by a slow change. Changes in the filament forming ability of myosin also occurred in this early stage of heat treatment. A further study has been conducted by using myosins from skjpjack tuna, carp, rainbow trout, and squid. The inactivation of actomyosin ATP ade activity and the increase in turbidity of myosin suspensions also proceed in two steps upon heat treatment of all the myosins used. The order in the thermal stability of myosin filaments estimated from the rate of the fast inactivation of actomyosin ATP ase activity was rabbit> skipjack tuna>carp> rainbow trout>squid.This order was identical with that of the thermal stability previously estimated form the Ca-ATPase activity of myosin or actomyosin. The presence of actin or sucrose during the heat treatment effectively prevented any thermal denaturatin of myosin from occurring.View full abstractDownload PDF (687K) -
Yoichi UEDA, Tamao NOGUCHI, Yoshio ONOUE, Kinue KOYAMA, Michiko KONO, ...1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 455-458
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToxic specimens of the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis were collected from Ofunato Bay, Iwate Prefecture, in earlyor mid-summer during 1976-1979. The scallop specimens were dissected into various parts of organ and examined on distributin of the toxicity. Toxins were prepared from the digestive glands and examined on distributin of the toxicity. Toxins were prepared from the digestive glands and analyzed by TLC and electrophoresis. The highest toxicity was detected in digestive gland (19-110 MU/g), followed by rectum (12-83), foot (21-56), mantle (11-39), gill (3-13) and gonad (2-13). The lowest toxicity was found in adductor muscle (2-3 MU/g). Irrespective of the year of collection, the toxins contained gonyautoxins 1-4 as the major, and saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin as the minor. The culture of Protogonyaulax tamarensis OF-1 cells presented essentially the same toxin composition as toxic scallops, indicating the infestation of this plankton to scallops and other bivalves in Ofunato Bay in recent years.View full abstractDownload PDF (270K) -
Occurrence of Peridinin-Chlorophyll a-Protein Complex in Red tide Dinoflagellate Prorocentrum micansMasahiro HATA, Sachiko ABE, Mitsuo HATA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 459-461
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeridinin-chlorophyll a-protein complex was isolated and partially purified from P. micans. The PCP had a molar ratio of peridinin: chlorophyll a=4:1 MW was 37, 000. pI values were 8.3, 7.9, 5.2. λmax values were 440, 480, 670nm.View full abstractDownload PDF (211K) -
Masayuki FURUICHI, Yasuo YONE1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 463-466
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the changes in activities of hepatic glycolytic and gluconeogenic enzymes after feeding and the responses of these enzymes to insulin injectin, carp Cyprinus carpio, red sea bream Chrysophrys major, and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata were subjected to glucose tolerance and insulin-glucose tolerance tests after a 30-day feeding trial with diets containing 0% and 10% dextrin. Activities of glycolytic enzymes (hexokinase and PFK) and gluconeogenic enzymes (G6Pase and FDPase) increased after the administratin of glucose in all species. The enzyme activities were intensified or restrained by the insulin injectin. No significant differences between the fish species were recognized for hexokinase and G6Pase activities before or after the administration of glucose, nor for the response of the enzymes to the insulin injectin. PFK activity before and after the administration of glucose was lowest and its response to the insulin injection was highst in yellowtail, in which the optimum level of dietary dexrin was the lowest of the species tested. PFK of carp showed the highest activity and FDP ase of carp showed the lowest activity before and after the administratin of glucose.View full abstractDownload PDF (284K) -
Masakatsu YANAGIMOTO, Toshio KOBAYASHI, Makoto SHIBA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 467-473
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn previous papers, the water jet method was proposed for the de-carapace treatment of Antarctic krill. In this paper, a new agitation method is proposed for the practical expansin of the same treatment. These two could fall into the one category of turbulence methods, Antarctic krill in water were processed by turbulence caused either by a water jet or by agitatin, and were exposed to various types of strong and weak forces: compressive, tensile, shearing, and impulsive. After repeated strong attacks, more than 50 times, de-carapace resulted. The term fatigue destructin, which is usedin mechacical engineering, was in mechanical engineering, was introduced to explain this phenomenon. Tests were carried out on trawlers and in our laboratory for 2 years, using bench scale experimental apparatus: a 2-l vessel in the case of water jet and a 50-l vessel in the case of agitation. When fresh krills were used as samples, more than 80% of the krills were successfully processed in both treatments. The object was products which are satisfactorily di-carapaced without damage to their meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (2086K) -
Keiji ITO, Shigeki FUJISAWA, Kanji HORI, Keisuke MIYAZAWA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 475
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (90K) -
Mitsuo TABATA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 477
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (96K) -
Yasuo MAKINODAN, Nwe Nwe KYAW, Shizunori IKEDA1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 479
Published: March 25, 1982
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (100K) -
1982 Volume 48 Issue 3 Pages 482
Published: 1982
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (48K)
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