日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
49 巻, 6 号
選択された号の論文の26件中1~26を表示しています
  • 津田 良平, 坂本 亘
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 829-837
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Visual observations were made of the changes in swimming modes of the red sea bream Pagrus major from hatching to the end of the yolk-sac period. The aspect of motion changed with time and the swimming mode was classified into three groups. The mode of pre-larvae approximately 24hours after hatching was especially seen to have a regularity in movement. The spectral density of speed of group I was particularly low and no rhythmical motion was observed. On the other hand, groups II and III had their peaks at 30min and 13min respectively. It was considered that the difference in these values was due to a change in momentum. It is obvious that the power spectral analysis method was useful in determining the larvae motion.
  • 坂本 亘, 津田 良平
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 839-848
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Statistical analyses of speed, velocity and progressive angular deviation of red sea bream larvae were carried out to determine the propriety of the random walking theory in relation to swimming motion. The moving momentum consumed during the period of movement increased when an individual moved at random and this condition appeared disadvantageous to the fish, especially for the larvae. At times however, we observed that swimming motion resembled the quasi-random walking process. This phenomenon has given rise to some physical and biologcal factors; one is the balance between thrust power and total viscous fluid drag and another is searching for food or the feeding process.
  • 坂井 勝信
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 849-851
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Immune responses to formalin-killed Aeromonas salmonicida cells and goldfish red blood cells (GFRBC) were assessed by assaying agglutinin titre and haemolysin titre, using a few different types of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri (yearlings weighing 50-80g). These included steelhead trout, which is sea run rainbow trout, albino rainbow trout, obtained as a mutant, and unspotted rainbow trout (which is called “Horai masu”), a mutant lacking black-pigmented spots in the skin. The anti-A. salmonicida agglutinin reached the maximal titre after 2 weeks and still maintained a detectable titre level after 4 weeks. The anti-GFRBC haemolysin, however, formed a peak after 1 week and became undetectable after 3 weeks in antibody titration. Thus, a dissimilarity in antibody responses was produced by applying the two kinds of particulate antigens. In the comparative assessment of antibody responses of the trout, no significant difference between antibody assays could be traced, even though there were different types of rainbow trout among the immunized fish. The results appear to show that the types bear a close resemblance to each other in immunological potentiality, especially in antibody productivity.
  • 李 珠熙, 神田 献二, 佐藤 修
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 853-858
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Offshore trawlers, belonging to Chõshi Fisheries Cooperation, changed their fishing gear and fishing method from Danish seine and Japanese type otter trawl to stern trawl for the years of 1971-1978.
    The authors compared the relative fishing ability by type of vessel according to fishing method and tonnage class for the above-mentioned period, with the coefficient of fishing ability which was obtained from catch per draught of each type of vessel by the method of least squares, using the data of the fisheries statistics.
    The fishing ability of stern trawl is generally much better than that of Japanese type otter trawl in most years when they were operated together, and that of Danish seine decreased rapidly year after year owing to the appearance of the stern trawler and the decrease of average catch of all the vessels.
  • 李 珠煕, 神田 献二, 佐藤 修
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 859-866
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three types of fishing gears have been used in offshore trawl fisheries around Choshi for the years of 1971-1978, and each of them has its own proper features in net-construction and net-figure in operation.
    The authors estimated which type of fishing gear is more effective in catching a certain kind of fish, from the relation between the fishing ability and characteristics of each type of fishing gear.
    The results suggested that; Japanese type otter trawler is most efficient for Paralichthys olivaceus, Limanda herzensteini, and Kareius bicoloratus because catching effect of trawl-board and slow towing speed is excellent for them. Stern trawler is most efficient for squids because its net mouth is high and its towing speed is fast. Danish seine is most effcient for octopus, prawn and lobster because of catching effect of long sweep-line, the height of net-mouth and slow towing speed for them.
  • 大内 晟, 楠木 豊, 高山 晴義
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 867-873
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The simultaneous observations were carried out at 37 stations using six boats in June and september of 1979. In this paper, the multiple regression equations of diatom red tides were calculated with stepwise forward method of multiple regression analysis (MRA) and the classification of the northern part of Hiroshima Bay were done with cluster analysis. The results obtained are as follows.
    1) With five predictor variables of MRA, the partial regression coefficients found to be significant at the 1% level were salinity (Sal.), total dissolved phosphorus (TDP), dissolved inorganic nitrogen (DIN) in June and water temperature (WT), salinity, TDP, DIN in September respectively.
    2) In the best multiple regression equation by MRA with nine predictor variables, the coefficients of determination were found to exceed the 80% level in June and september.
    3) In all cases, the multiple correlation coefficients showed a high value of 0.9 and the multiple regression equations were significant at the 1% level.
    4) From the cluster analysis (D=1.7) based on six environmental variables, the 37 stations of the northern part of Hiroshima Bay were divided into twelve sea areas.
  • 桑原 昭彦, 鈴木 重喜
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 875-881
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper deals with vertical distribution and feeding habits of two larval flatfish Pseudorhombus pentophthalmus GÜNTHER and P! euronichthys cornutus (TEMMINCK et SCHLEGEL), collected in the western wakasa Bay, Japan Sea from May to August 1981.
    The larvae of two species distributed abundantly in the waters between 25m and 50m depths.
    The larvae of P. pentophthalmus of 3.0-3.9mm body length began to feed on invertebrate eggs (6.2%, showing the percentage of number of food items) and Chaetoceros spp. (75.0%), the larvae of 4.0-4.9mm fed mainly on copepod nauplii (92.3%), and the larvae of more than 5.0mm fed abundantly on Paracalanus parvus (11.1-17.9%), Penilia avirostris (5.6-40.0%) and Oikopleura longicauda (10.3-83.3%).
    Most of P. cornutus larvae of 4.5-8.2mm body length ate particularly O. longicauda. From digestive degree of O. longicauda in each larva gut, it is suggested that the larvae feed on the large amount of O. longicauda for a short time nd that the diurnal aggregated distribution of O. longicauda is closely related to the feeding habite of P. cornutus.
    According to the feeding habits of three flatfish collected together in the western Wakasa Bay, the availability of O. longicauda as food is in the order of P. cornutus, P. pentophthalmus and Paralichthys olivaceus.
  • 小山 次朗
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 883-887
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    After cannulation for urine collection, carps Cyprinus carpio, (414±110g in body weight) showed laboratory diuresis and their urine flow rate, chloride concentration of urine and its excretion rate increased. But thereafter these values gradually decreased and then became constant about 24hours after cannulation. On the other hand inorganic phosphorus and calcium concentration of urine did not change in most of the fish.
    According to the results mentioned above, it seems to take about 24hours to recover from laboratory duresis. Urine flow rate and chloride concentration of urine are considered to be the best index to conclude whether the fish has recovered from laboratory diuesis or not.
  • 宮内 通行, 四之宮 博, 佐美 和則
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 889-894
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The authors investigated the breaking of tuna long line, for the purpose of improving reliability. The results were analysed by means of reliability engineering methodology as follows: 1 Breaking rate curve is divided into three failure periods as initial, random, and wear-out. 2 Regression lines of cumulative breaking probability on Weibull's paper made the characteristic of breaking periods distinct as being initial, random, wear-out, and progressed wear-out. 3 Breaking modes were clarified and the frequency of each mode and curves for occurence of each breaking with time were obtained.
  • 清水 照男, 羽生 功
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 895-900
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Autumn-spawning bittering Pseudiperilampus typus were kept under several combinations of photoperiod and temperature regimes at different phases of their annual reproductive cycle. In early autumn, the gonads developed rapidly under short photoperiod (12L) regardless of temperature. In early winter, the gonads apparently regressed under low temperature (8-12°C) in spite of adequate photoperiod regime (10L). females kept under favorable photoperiod and temperature regime (19°C-10L) continued ovulation cycle much longer than natural spawning period, nevertheless this cycle finally terminated.
    It is concluded that the spawning period of P. typus is initiated by the shortening daylength in autumn, and is terminated by the lowering temperature in winter. Furthermore, autonomous termination of spawning under artificial conditions can suggested.
  • 長久 英三, 西室 祥子, 藤田 孝夫
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 901-906
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Protease from the jellied meat of Pacific hake Merluccius productus remarkably degraded actomyosin at 50-60°C, whereas it did not at 30°C. The protease containing jellied meat decreased the kamaboko-forming ability of Alaska pollack surimi, especially when the mixture was preheated at 60°C for 40 min. A preheating of the mixture at 30°C for 2h resulted in “suwari” or an increase of elasticity of the kamaboko.
    The protease was inhibited by thiol protease inhitbitors, oxyacidic salts, peroxides, egg white, and water extracts of potato. It was found that the kamaboko-forming ability intrinsic to surimi prepared from Pacific hake jellied meat can satisfactorily be maintained by addition of these protease inhibitors.
  • 沖谷 明紘, 児玉 定子, 重盛 進, 伊藤 肇躬, 西村 敏英, 深沢 利行, 加藤 博通
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 907-911
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    When carp muscle slices prepared immediately after slaughter were dipped in 48°C-water for 15 sec and then cooled to 0°C, they were markedly stiffened ang estimated as an excellent “arai”, a Japanese traditional dish. The present study was conducted to reveal the mechanism for such stiffening of muscle. The extent of denaturation of myofibrillar proteins in that “arai” was estimated to be about 40% by measuring EDTA-activated ATPase activity. When a glycerinated fiber, prepared from rabbit psoas muscles, and immersed in relaxing solution was warmed gradually, an abrupt development of 80 mg-isometric tension probably due to the desensitization of regulatory proteins was found at 44°C. That fiber lost the tension by subsequent cooling to 15°C. These reaaults propose the following mechanism: When dipped in 48°C-water, muscles immediately undergo heat contracture followed by heat denaturation, resulting in the stiffening of muscle. In addition, the partial denaturation of actomyosin prevents the stiffened muscles from returning to a relaxing state on cooling. These changes of muscle during the dipping in warmed water give characteristic appearance and taste to the “arai” prepared from fresh carp fillets.
  • 笠原 賀代子, 西堀 幸吉
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 913-918
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Volatile components of smoked cuttlefish and octopus were studied. Head-space volatiles and steam-distilled volatiles of seven samples (raw cuttlefish and octopus, commercial smoked cuttlefish and octopus, two kinds of smoke-tar, and smoked cuttlefish prepared without seasoning) were analyzed by GLC and GC-MS.
    Many volatile compounds such as phenols, acids, alcohols, and hydrocarbons were found in the smoked products of cuttlefish and octopus. Most of these compounds were also found in the smoke-tar.
    The phenols of smoked cuttlefish and octopus were important aroma components, and considered to come from the volatiles of wood smoke. A few aliphatic hydrocarbons which seemed to come from meat constituents of cuttlefish were found in commercial smoked cuttlefish, but not in smoked octopus. Ethyl maltol of commercial smoked cuttlefish seemed to play a significant role in the aroma of smoked cuttlefish.
  • 小長谷 史郎
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 919-926
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A high protease activity was detected in the swordfish Xiphias gladius meat infected with the myxosporidia Chloromyxum musculoliquefaciens, the suspected microorganism for jellification. Protease which was exclusively detected in parasitized muscle fibers by the gelatin-silver film method, was separated into 10 fractions by ion-exchange chromatography and gel-filtration. One of those fractions conformed cathepsin D, whereas all other fractions contained thiol enzymes. The protease activity of a fraction (J-II-2) thus separated accounted for 50% of the total protease activity of the infected meat. The protease of this fraction whose moleculat weight was 4.7×104, hydrolysed myofibrillar fragments as well as sarcoplasmic proteins optimally around at pH3.5. Caseinolysis by this protease at pH 5.8 was highest between 55°C and 60°C at which the parasitized meat exhibited the most rapid jellification. From these findings, the protease in J-II-2 fraction was considered to be most responsible for jellification of the swordfish.
  • 安藤 清一
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 927-932
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to reduce the residual lipid from myosin B preparation, Triton X-100 treatment was used in the preparation of myosin B. Triton X-100 treatment easily removed 65% of lipid from carp and rainbow trout myosin B preparations. The major lipid components of myosin B preparation were triglyceride, lecithin, cephalin and free fatty acid. The lipid components of Triton X-100 treated myosin B preparation were similar to those of carp and rainbow trout myosin B perparations. Phospholipid was particularly removed from fish muscle during the preparation process of Triton X-100 treated myosin B. Triton X-100 treatment did not affect the properties of myosin B except for the ultraviolet absorption and Mg2+ -ATPase activity of myosin B.
    The results showed that more than half the amount of lipid contained in carp or rainbow trout myosin B could be removed by Triton X-100 treatment without causing any significant protein denaturation. It was also considered that Triton X-100 treated myosin B might be useful to study the effect of lipids on the various properties of myosin B.
  • 岩城 美智代, 福田 則郎, 松井 かほる, 野田 宏行, 天野 秀臣
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 933-938
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Influences of moisture content, temperature and sealing gas on the quality change of the dried laver ‘nori’ during storage was examined for twelve months taking photosynthetic pigments as parameters.
    The quality deterioration was accelerated with increasing moisture content. At 8% moisture content and 5°C, the deterioration was significantly retarded for at least nine months. At 30°C, the deterioration rate became fast after nine months even if the moisture content was controlled to as low as 5%. Nori specimens maintaianed the quality best when kept in nitrogen gas below 5°C after dehydration down to a moisture content of about 5%. Generally carotenoids was found to deteriorate faster than chlorophyll and phycobilin pigments.
  • 税所 俊郎, 野口 玉雄, 小山 絹江, 宇津 敦, 菊田 敏孝, 橋本 周久
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 939-947
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to elucidate the infestation mechanism of toxic crabs with paralytic shellfish poison (PSP), three xanthid crabs (Zosimus aeneus, Atergatis floridus and Platypodia granulosa) collected from Ishigaki Island and Miura Peninsula, were surveyed for stomach contents. Stomach contents of the three toxic crabs from Ishigaki Island consisted of red algae, animal tissues, corals, sand, etc., irrespective of their PSP toxicity levels. The same stomach contents composition was encountered in a nontoxic crab Daira perlata examined for comparison. Stomach contents of A. floridus specimens collected from Miura Peninsula showed a somewhat different composition, in which Hypnea sp., bivalves, gastropods, animal tissues and sand were dominant.
    No definite conclusion was drawn from these data, as to the association of the eating habit of these toxic crabs with their PSP toxification.
  • 磯 直道, 水野 治夫, 斎藤 隆英, 大関 文照, 林 慶陽
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 949-952
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Large amounts of scattered results of the stress-relaxation experiments are obtained on the raw meat sample because of the heterogeneous structures and composition of the raw meat. From the computer simulation, it was shown that the probable mean values of the rheological parameters from such a stress-relaxation experiment could be obtained by making a synthetic stress-relaxation curve and analyzing the curve. The conclusion was confirmed by the experiment using composite materials.
  • 西出 英一, 塚山 貴以子, 内田 直行
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 953-955
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    According to the method as reported previously, a crude fucose-containing polysacchaide was extracted from the brown algae Kjellmaniella crassifolia and the extract was purified by precipitation with 20% (v/v) ethanol in the presence of 0.05M Mgcl2 to remove contaminated soluble alginate.
    Then, 1% solution of this purified polysaccharide heated at pH2 at 80°C for 1h and dissolved in 0.05M Mgcl2 was fractionated by the addition of ethanol to 50% (v/v) into soluble (B) and insoluble (A) fractions.
    Both A and B migrated as a single band on cellulose acetae film electrophoresis. They contained fucose, uronic acid (as glucuronic acid) and ester sulfate in the molor ratios of 1:4:2.3 (A), and 1:0.1:1.1 (B) respectively.
  • 手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 957-962
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper presents the variation in lipid compositions during the ovarian maturation of the prawn Penaeus japonicus. The ovarian lipid concentrations increased during the slight mature and yellow ovarian periods, remained at roughly constant levels during the subsequent ovarian period to spawning, and then decreased to low levels at the spent ovaries. The hepatopancreatic lipid concentrations increased with increasing maturity of the ovaries, reached a maximum level at the yellow period of ovaries, and then decreased during the subsequent period to spawning. These results suggest the possible movement of hepatopancreatic lipids to the ovaries during the ovarian maturation. Both triglycerides and phospholipids were responsible for the increase in ovarian lipid concentrations during the sexual maturation. The fatty acid composition of lipids, trigly-cerides, and phospholipids of the ovaries did not vary markedly during the ovarian maturation.
  • 手島 新一, 金沢 昭夫
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 963-966
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper deals with the digestibility of various lipids and cholesterol in the prawn Penaeus japonicus which was determined by an indirect by an indirect method using chrominum oxide as an indicator. The prawn assimilated the lipids such as pollack liver oil, squid liver oil, soybean oil, oleic acid, palmitic acid, chicken-egg lecithin, tripalmitin, and hydrogenated fish oils effectively; the digestibilities of these lipids were more than 80% when the diets contained 8% levels of these lipids. The digestibilities of palmitic acid, tripalmitin, and chicken-egg lecithin were not affected markedly with their levels in the diets. Cholesterol added to the lipid-free diet was absorbed only slightly (% absorption=27.5). The co-existence of lipids such as palmitic acid, tripalmitin, or chicken-egg lecithin markedly improved the absorption rate of cholesterol, indicating the necessity of some lipids for effective assimilation of dietary cholesterol.
  • 大泉 徹, 中村 将俊, 橋本 昭彦, 新井 健一
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 967-974
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A fresh muscle immediately after the catch of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba was subjected to prepare myofibrils suspension (Mf). The KCI concentration and pH dependencies of its Ca-ATPase activity were found to be similar to those of Mf Ca-ATPase from the frozen surimi of Antarctic krill, although a higher specific activity was estimated to that of fresh muscle.
    The effect of sugar (0.25-3.0M) on the thermal denaturation (10-35°C) of Mf was studied in terms of the rate constant (KD) for inactivation of Ca-ATPase. The following results were obtained: (a) By extrapolating the linear plot of log KD vs. sorbitol (M) to the intercept of ordinate, the theoretical values of KD in the absence of sorbitol at various temperatures were obtained. (b) By increasing the concentration (M) of sorbitol, all of thermodynamic parameters for the inactivation were increased, though the proportions of ΔH and ΔS varied considerably and ΔG varied somewhat. (c) The protective effect of sugar and sugar alcohol against the inactivation become lower in the order of lactitol, sucrose, sorbitol and glucose. These trends were exactly identical with those observed against the thermal denaturation of chub mackerel Mf.
  • Masayoshi OGAWA, Ana Celia Sousa MENESES, Norma Barreto PERDIGAO, 小嶋 秩 ...
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 975-982
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The circumstancial rate of black discolorated tails has been surveyed on two ice-stored lobster species, namely Panulirus argus -Pa- and Panuliruss laevicauda -Pl- at two Brazilian fishing ports, preservation test in ice storage on board has been researched under commercial practice of handling and quality evaluation of the discolorated tails has been assessed on the basis of sample analysis at local plants.
    The incidence rate of black discoloration in Pl was 14.4%, an extremely high value.
    Black spots showed in 3 out of 671 samples of Pl and in 4 out of 1, 207 samples of Pa, after the preservation work on board. Black spots showed at the broken and bruised, hard and soft segments of the cuticle, but they did not reach the inner muscle.
    According to the amount of remaining sulfur dioxide, it is assumed that the usual treatment with sodium bisulfite does not prevent black discoloation in tails.
    Only the K value was found to be a valid index of freshness, as supported by the comparison of means between the two species, which showed statistically significant difference and confirmed that Pl tails have a better freshness quality than Pa tails.
    There appears to be no ralation between quality and black discoloration; black spots have appeared in ice-stored tails on board fishing boats, regardless of storage time. Therefore, it seems preposterous for the Federal Inspection Service to prohibit total utilization of discolorated tails, as a definite regulation.
  • 神谷 久男, 緒方 京子
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 983
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 二村 義八朗
    1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. 985
    発行日: 1983/06/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1983 年 49 巻 6 号 p. e1
    発行日: 1983年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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