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Volume 49, Issue 7
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Mikio OGURI1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 989-991
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Leydig organ is, in addition to spleen and epigonal organ, the third hemopoietic organ of elasmobranchs, and located in the submucosal layer of esophagus. Recently, however, absence of this organ was reported in the Atlantic nurse shark Ginglymostoma cirratum, the California hornshark Heterodontus francisci, and a few other species. So, the present study inverstigated whether the organ was detectable or not in three elasmobranch species; Dochizame Triakis scyllia, Hirataei Urolophus aurantiacus, and Nekozame Heterodontus japonicus. The result of examination revealed that the Leydig organ is present in the esophagus of T. scyllia and U. aurantiacus, but absent in that of H. japonicus as in H. francisci.View full abstractDownload PDF (1323K) -
Takatomo KOIKE1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 993-1000
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fishing tackle line called “Bishi line” is used in the trolling of yellow-tail and consists of numerous ellipsoidal lead sinkers attached to mono-filament nylon of 50m in length.
In this study, eleven types of lines with different size and number of sinkers were observed, in order to examine the characteristics of the line in water at the trolling sppeed of 2.5, 3.0 and 3.5 knots respectively, and the results obtained are as follows:
1) The line is extended out tautly when the value of b/a lies between 3.5 and 9, where b is the length of the interval between two sinkers and a the length of the vertical axis of sinker.
2) The total hydraulic force Sθ acting on the line is shown as the sum of the force Sθ' acting on the sinkers and the force k • Sθ", corrected for hydraulic interference by using a correction coefficient k acting on the mono-filament.
3) The error margin between the measured and calculated values of the depth or tension of the lines is less than 5%.
4) A graph showing the relation betweent the depths of lines and number of sinkers is obtained for practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Takanori HIGASHIHARA, Seiichi FUKUOKA, Toshio ABE, Ippyo MIZUHARA, Osa ...1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1001-1013
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe culturing of rotifer Brachionus plicatilis using a microbial flock (AFS-Flock), as food, produced from the alcohol fermentation slop (AFS) was examined. with the aim of utilizing AFS. The AFS-Flock was found to be an effective food for rotifer. When the rotifer was fed with the AFS-Flock, the density of rotifer in the culture broth was maintained at over 200 individuals (ind.)/ml for about one month. Several strains of bacteria and yeasts were isolated from the AFS-Flock. Most isolated bacteria could not grow abundantly on the medium containing AFS as the sole source of carbon and energy. However, most of the isolated yeasts assimilated AFS rapidly and abundantly. The results of culturing rotifer using cultural cells and broth of the isolated yeasts cultured with AFS, indicated that those of the isolated yeasts were an effective food aslo. When the culture broth of most effective isolated yeast cultured with AFS was fed to the rotifer, the highest density of rotifer was at 394ind. /ml in eight days of culture time. It was concluded that the AFS-Flock is hopeful as new food for rotifer.View full abstractDownload PDF (1961K) -
Takanori HIGASHIHARA, Seiichi FUKUOKA, Toshio ABE, Ippyo MIZUHARA, Osa ...1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1015-1023
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMarine yeats isolated from microbial flocks produced from alcohol fermentation slop (AFS), were an effective food for the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis. Large scale cultures of threes strains of the isolated yeasts, which are very effective as food, were carried out with a medium containing AFS as the sole source of carbon and energy using a 10-l jar fermentor. The yields of the isolated yeast cells from one liter of culture broth were in the range of 15-24g (dry cell weight). The dried yeast cells contained crude protein amounting to 33-38%. General compositions, amino acid and fatty acid compositions, and vitamin contents of the isolated yeasts cultured with AFS were compared with those of bakers's yeast. The results showed that except for crude ash there was no distinct difference to be found between the isolated yeasts and baker's yeast. Four representative strains of the isolated yeasts were identified as Torulopsis inconspicua YU-1, Candida guilliermondii var. guillermondii YA-3, Candida krusei ZA-3 and Candida valida KU-1, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (681K) -
Gunzo KAWAMURA, Takashi SHIMOWADA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1025-1028
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain a fundamental knowledge regarding the vision of fishes attracted to fish lamp, the retinomotor response and change in shape discrimination during light adaptation of the Japanese parrotfish Oplegnathus fasciatus (TEMMINCK and SCHLEGEL) were examined. The histological observation showed that the retina at five minutes after the onset of light was still dark adapted and remarkable change in the thickness of pigment and cones took place between 5 and 10 minutes, but the retina was not light adapted at this time. The fish which was pretrained to discriminate shapes displayed in a tank, discriminated the simplest shape within 5 minutes and all other shapes used in the experiment within 10 minutes after the onset of light. From the results obtained, it is presumed that fishes attracted to fish lamp can recognize to a great extent the shape of fishing gear because of a possible neural adaptation mechanism even if their retina is not light adapted histologically.View full abstractDownload PDF (266K) -
Hiroshi MAÉDA, Koichi FUKADA, Naomitsu IMASAKI1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1029-1037
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variation of speeds of shooting (270 skates in 18 strings) and hauling (239 skates in 16 strings) of a skate of rockfish bottom longline by 50-ton FRP longliner was examined in the present report. And the results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. The shooting speed of a skate ranged from 24 to 47 seconds, and its frequency distribution was agreeable to normal distribution ( ?? =35.93, σ=3.31).
2. The speed of shooting a skate (y1 in seconds) varied according to string and could be expressed by the following equations: y1=35.82+2.76x2+2.07x3-1.02x4 (Multiple correlation: R=0.668) where x2 and x3... Dummy variables of wave scale (in case of a wave scale i+1, xi=1, other with 0) x4...cos fo the relative direction of wind against foreship y1=37.83-0.34x4+0.44x5 (R=0.625) where x4 and x5... Fore-and-aft and athwartships vectors fo relative wind
3. The hauling speed of a skate was afficed significantly by troubles in main line. The retardation by tangling was about 1.4 to 3.2min, by main line fastened to bottom object being about 4.0min, main line torn-off being about 4.6min, main line torn-off and dropped being about 10.5 to 12.3min and main line tangled with anchor line being 9.5min.
4. The string mean of hauling speed of a skate without trouble ranged from 3.6 to 5.1min, varying according to string, but did not show any significant regression either on hauling conditions or on catch.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Taro ICHII, Yasuo MUGIYA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1039-1044
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe comparative nature of calcium physiology in bone, scales and otoliths was studied in young goldfish, carassius auratus. Net calcium uptake by the fish was estimated to be 143 μg/gbody weigyt/day. Of that, 79% was distributed in bone, 13% in scales, 3.5% in otoliths and 4.5% in soft tissues. Scales showed the highest incorporation of 45Ca per mg-tissue weight after 1 or 2 days in 45Ca-containing water; bone came second and otoliths last. However, 35 days after transfer to non-radioactive water, the other of descending radioactivity had changed to otoliths, bone and scales, reflecting defferent rates of calcium turnover. In bone, prelabeled 45Ca activity increased for the fist 2 days after transfer and then decreased gradually (biological half-life, T0.5=94 days). In otoliths, prelabeled radioactivity consistently increased for 35 days. Scales showed two phases of calcium turnover. They lost about 33% of theri prelabeled radioactivity during the first 7 days (T0.5=10.5 days) in ono-radioactive water, but thereafter the rate of decrease slowed down greatly (T0.5=210 days). These two phases of calcium turnover were found in the osseous layer (including calcium crystals in the fibrillary plate) of scales, indicating the presence of physiologically labile as well as stable forms of calcium in the layer.View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Takafumi ARIMOTO1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1045-1048
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to quantify the influence of operation time on catch by coastal set-line fisheries, the present author analyzed catch data obtained from six pairs of set-lines in simultaneous operations in Sagami Bay during 1977-1978. To standardize the fishing effort, the hooking rate per unit immersion time was calculated for each pair of set lines, and this rate was then related to operation time. Results showed a high catch of demersal fish around sunrise. On the contrary, hooking rate in the daytime was obviously lower in each pair due to the increased catch loss by escapement or dislodgement from the hook or by attacks of predators. These results point to a diel variation in the feeding behaviour of demersal fishes, although further detailed studies are needed.View full abstractDownload PDF (275K) -
ISAMU MITANI1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1049-1055
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTagged s ardine S. melanostictus was held in a 3m3 tank from December 22, 1981 to February 15, 1982 for the development of tagging technique. Average mortality of tagged fish was 11.4% and it occurred mainly in the early period of experiment. These fishes which died in early stage showed much scraping of the scale, and it was thought to be the cause fo death.
Serum glucose suddenly increased just after tagging, but gradually fell to the level of intact fish. Serum chloride of tagged one was higher than intact fish throughout experiment, while the haematocrit value was lower than the intact one. The serum protein and condition factor of tagged fish were lower than the control.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
Takao KUROKAWA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1057-1063
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA seasonal variation of kamaboko-forming ability and the amounts of chemical components in the muscles of sardine Sardinops melanosticta caught along the coast of Nagasaki Prefecture from January to May of 1981 and 1982, were investigated.
1) Wide seasonal variations in chemical components of sardine muscles were found; moisture contern 66.5-80.7%, crude lipid content 2.3 ?? 15.0%, crude protein 15.1 ?? 19.2% and extractive nitrogen 346-489mg/100g. The coefficients of correlation of crude lipid content with moisture content have large negative values.
2) The kamaboko-forming ability was the best in Jnuary to February before spawing and the worst in March to April after spawing but ability of increment began in May.
3) A seasonal variation in the temperature-gelation curve of froze surimi from sardine was found.View full abstractDownload PDF (472K) -
Masayoshi OGAWA, Takahiro KUROTSU, Ikuo OCHIAI, Tsuneo T. KOZIMA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1065-1075
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism of black discoloration was investigated in lobsters by means of in vivo experiments.
Discoloration in iced lobster tails has been found to hold no relationship to lowering of quality. Traumatism in the alive state is a principal factor of discoloration and usually happens after one day of storage, as proved by DOPA and tyrosine reactions, found positive through enzymatic and histochemical tests. Further, the larger and the earlier the bruising, the more intensive the discoloration which, however, never reached into the inner muscle. Absence of air-oxygen acted as an inhibiting factor with retarding effect, even if traumatism was present in the alive state.
A relationship between molting cycle and melanosis is evident, as the old ventral cuticle of pre-molting phase showed intensive melanin formation, on the contrary to the new one which seemed to be resisitant to that.
When catechol and DOPA solutions were injected in the live lobsters, melanin formed appears to be DOPA melanin as identified in shrimp.
The following treatment is recommended for lobster handling on board: after being taken out of the cage, lobsters should be put into a tank full of iced water for some time, before being tailed, washed and stored in ice. Sodium bisulfite (NaHSO3), commonly used as a preventing agent, has no effect against development of discoloration, once traumatism is already present.View full abstractDownload PDF (2890K) -
Yoshihachiro NIMURA, Hideo SATO1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1077-1081
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to increase the precision of estimation for phosphoarginine which was known as one of the phosphagens. To avoid the contraction of muscle as stimulated by the cold, the sample was frozen in liquified propane instead of liquid nitrogen, homogenized and extracted with perchloric acid solution. Phosphoarginine in the extract was determined by the increase in free arginine on acid-hydrolysis. But the increase was often little compared with the amount before hydrolysis, and the precision of estimation reduced greatly. This shortcoming was overcome by removing endogenous free arginine by arginase. When phosphoarginine was hydrolyzed and estimated by the Sakaguchi reaction, the coefficient of variation was about 4%.View full abstractDownload PDF (402K) -
Takeshi WATANABE, Hiroshi NANRI, Shuichi SATOH, Masaaki TAKEUCHI, Take ...1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1083-1087
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtein quality of three kinds of brown meals (Kushiro, Choshi, Peru) was compared with that of white fish meal and casein by determining protein digestibility, PER, and NPU in rainbow trout. The brown meals used contained 60-66% crude protein ( 54-60% true protein). The lipid content ranged from 8.2 to 11.3%, being almost the same as ordinary white fish meal. The content of ω3 fatty acids was highest in Peru meal and lowest in Choshi meal. Relatively high values, ranging from 84 to 95%, for apparent digestibility of brown fish meals were found in rainbbow trout; there being little difference in digestibility among brown meals, that of Peru meal was almost the same as that of white fish meal. The digestibility of Kushiro meal was very high, almost comparable to that of casein which was almost completely digested. There was no marked difference in growth and feed efficiency in the fish fed on diets containing different brown meals as a protein source. The values for PER and NPU obtianed with brown meals were all found to be high, being almost the same as those of white fish meal and those obtained with Kushiro meal were comparable to those of casein. These results have demonstrated that brown meals have a good food value, not only as a protein source but also as a source of essential fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (357K) -
Nobukazu SHIBATA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1089-1096
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe extractability and its biochemical properites of muscular protein with 0.45M NaCl-phosphate buffer from washed muscle, free from digestive enzymes, have been studied in relation to freshness of muscle of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba.
To extract a large portion of muscular protein from the fresh muscle obtained from the krill immediately after death, it was necessary to homogeniz the muscle with 0.45M NaCl-phosphate buffer (pH 7.0-7.5, I=0.5) for 30 seconds retaining the temperature below 10°C. The extractable protein thus obtained amounted to over 90% on the basis of total protein in the homogenate but its ATP-sensitivity as well as viscosity number was very low.
With the lapse in the storage at 2°C, the amount of the extractable protein first decreased and then increased to the same level of that from the fresh muscle. During this period, ATP-sensitivity and viscosity number of the extracted protein were increased and remained at the maximum values.
As the high ATP content in the fresh muscle was reduced with the lapse of time, the extractable protein was concomitantly decreased. In addition, it was recognized that the addition of ATP in the extraction medium remarkably increased the amount of extractable protein from the muscle containint poor ATP.
These results revealed that not only the quantity but also the quality of the extractable protein from the muscle was strongly affected by the freshness of krill.View full abstractDownload PDF (1472K) -
Effect of Contamination of Various Tissues on the Deterioration of Fresh Muscle from Antarctic KrillNobukazu SHIBATA, Hirotada OZAKI1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1097-1101
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of contamination by various tissues, such as digestive organs, on the deterioration of fresh muscle of Antarctic krill Euphausia superba was investigated in the terms of the increase in the amount of water soluble protein and the loss of gel froming ability from the same muscle.
The muscle was contaminated by homogenizing with various tissues in the medium containing 0.075M NaCl. The homogenate was then centrifuged to collect the muscle residue, which was subjected to determine the content of soluble protein extractable with phosphate buffer (pH 7.3, I=0.05). The gel forming ability was assessed by measuring the jelly strength of heated gel prepared from the same muscle residue.
In the gel forming ability of muscle residue there was a striking deterioration upon contamination with the digestive organs such as hepatopancreas and stomach, and slightly with carapace and inner skin, while it was virtually unaffected with eye, heart and intestine. The content of water soluble protein in the muscle residues was increased by the contamination with various tissues; greatly with hepatopancreas or stomach, small with carapace and hardly with eye, heart and intestine.
The same trend between the increase in the content of water soluble protein in the muscle residue and the loss of its gel forming ability was found during the cold-storage (3°C) of the muscle residues containing other tissues in the tail portion such as carapace and inner skin.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
Masaaki KODAMA, Takehiko OGATA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1103-1107
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcrylic acid was identified as an antibacterial substance in scallop. This substance was mainly distributed in the mantle of the scallop. The content of acrylic acid in the scallop mantle showed marked seasonal variation. The variation was well related with that of the abundance of Protogonyaulax spp. Acrylic acid was also detected both in the cells of Protogonyaulax spp. and their cultured medium. It could not be detected in cultured Skeletonema costatum as well as the plankton collected by net hauling in the bloom of diatom. From these, acrylic acid in the mantIe of scallop was supposed to originate from Protogonyaulaxs pp.View full abstractDownload PDF (286K) -
Fumiyasu FUKUMORI, Fumio NAGAYAMA, Susumu HORIE1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1109-1116
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Pseudomonas sp. (L 1-7) capable of lysing Vibrio anguillarum, important pathogenic organism of cultured fish, was isolated from pond water for fish culture and tank water for plankton culture. The high yield of lytic factor in the supernatant of strain L 1 culture was obtained by shaking culture at 25°C for 24 hours in the medium containing 1% meat extract, 0.5% polypepton, 0.4% yeast extract and 0.3% glucose at pH 7.0. The activity of the lytic factor was highest at around 45°C and a little lower at 30°C; it was inactivated by heating at 50°C for 4 hours or at 60°C for 15 minutes. Lytic factor produced by strain L 1-7 was found to show varying degree of activity against various gram negative organisms other than V. anguillarum, depending upon the difference in strains. Gram positive organisms such as Bacillus subtilis and the other Bacillus organisms were lysed more or less, whereas Streptococcus faecalis and S. faecium strains were completely insensitive to the lytic factor. It is then considered that no correlation exists between the lytic action of the organisms and gram reaction of the organisms examined. The culture supernatant of strain L 1 was not only able to lyse the V. anguillarum cells, but also found to show remarkable lethal action.View full abstractDownload PDF (497K) -
Yumiko MATSUDA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1117-1119
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of oxidation on the quality change of lyophilized carp myofibrils during storage was estimated. Carp myofibrils were ground with sucrose and polyphosphates. The mixtures were freeze-dried at 35°C. ground into powder, wrapped up in paraffin paper, and put into gas washing bottles. By rotary pumping out of the air for 10min, vacuum was produced in each bottle containing the powder. Later bottles were filled with nitrogen, carbonic acid, hydrogen and oxygen gases respectively, repeating the same vacuumization procedure and tightly stopped with vacuum stopcocks and stored at 20°C for one year. One set being stored in vacuum was also put to use in this experiment.
At suitable intervals aliquots of the powders were taken out and examined as to the quality, using as indexes solubility in 0.6M KCI. relative viscosity and ATPase activity of 0.6M KCI extractable protein, and the total ATPase activity. The powders stored in carbonic acid and nitrogen gases and in vacuum condition were of a little superior quality in the decending order but the qualities of all powders including those stored in hydrogen and oxygen gases were acceptable through the storage period. It was found that the lyophilized myofibrils are little influenced by oxygen, provided they are stored in low humidity and at normal temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (208K) -
Toyoo TASHIRO, Etsuko FUJITA, Chisato YASUNAGA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1121-1125
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNucleoside 5'-phosphates of AMP, CMP, GMP, IMP, UMP, nucleoside 2'-or 3'- phosphates of AMP, CMP, GMP, UMP, and ADP contained in dried purple laver Porphyra tenrea were separated and determined by anion exchange chromatography. The analysis was carried out using a column of φ9mm×220mm packed with Hitchi Model 2630 anion exchanger.
Also, nucleosides, purine and pyrimidine bases in dried purple laver were eluted and collected at an early stage of anion exchange chromatography to remove nucleotides. And then adenine, guanine, adenosine, cytidine, and uridine in the fractionated solution were separated and determined by cation exchange chromatography. The analysis was carried out using a coumn of φ9mm×400mm packed with Hitachi Model 2613 cation exchanger.
The amount of 5'-AMP was as much as compared with the other nucleoside 5'-phosphates, being 46-73mg/100g in dried purple laver. Both 5'-GMP and 5'-IMP were little, and the amount of the former was 6-13mg/100g and that of the latter was 9-11mg/100g. Most of the nucleotides in dried purple laver occurred in the form of nucleoside 2'-or 3'-phosphates, and nucleoside 5'-phosphates were few. Also, very small amouts of nucleosides, purine and pyrimidine bases were observed in dried purple laver.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Toshio TAKEUCHI, Shuichi SATOH, Takeshi WATANABE1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1127-1134
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding trials were conducted to determine the requirement of Tilapia nilotica for essential fatty acids (EFA) by feeding them with various dietary fatty acids. The fish exhibited poor appetite for the diets containing 12:0 as the basal lipid regardiess of supplement of any fatty acids and consquently the diets resulted in retarded growth and low feed efficiency. The diet containing 18:1ω9 as a sole lipid source gave good growth until 12th week of feeding, but after that the fish began to show poor growth, swollen pale livers and high lipid contents in the lives. The best weight gain were obtained in the fish receiving a diet containing 0.5% or 1% 18:2ω6. Growth enhancing effect of 18:3ω3 was found to be infreior to that of 18:2ω6. Both 20:4ω6 and ω3 HUFA were also found to have no EFA value for fish.
Feeding the EFA-deficent diet containing 12:0 or 18:1ω9 as a sole lipid source resulted in raising the level of the “abnormal” polyunsaturated 20:3ω9, and the level was lowered by both ω6 and ω3 fatty acids. The conversion of 18:2ω6 into 20:4ω6 and 22:5ω6 or 18:3ω3 into 22:6ω3 was inhibited to a certain extent by dietary 18:3ω3 or 18:2ω6, respectibely. Thus the dietary requirement of Tilapia nilotica for 18:2ω6 was found to be about 0.5% in diet.View full abstractDownload PDF (482K) -
Takeo HARADA, Keiichi OISHI, Mutsuo KOYAMA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1135-1141
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContents of 26 elements in calcareous algae and Laminariales were determined by the neutron activation analysis. The logrithm of the ratio of elemental concentration of most elements in the organisms to that in seawater, log (c1/c0), was found to be linear to four parameters (electronegativity, logrithm of the ratio of elemental concentration in earth crust to that in seawater, log (c2/c0), residence time of elements in the Oceans and biological half time for human), where c0, c1 and c2 are the elemental concentration in seawater, organisms (in air-dried samples) and earths crust respectively in ppm. This regularity is observed both in each value and geometrical mean of elemental constitution of six organisms (bacteria, fungi, algae, angiosperms, pisces and mammals), cited from various references and also parts of mammals (muscle, bone, liver and blood-plasma). The linear relationship can be explained by the distribution equilibrium of elements between solid and liquid phases. Organisms accumulate predominate elements in organisms and heavy metals to a higher concentration than the values calculated from the straight line. Organisms syntheses cellulose, proteins and nuclear acids from the elements with logarithm of the ion potential, log I, larger than 0.95 (Cu, N and P), make enzymes from those with log I between 0.35 and 0.95 (Cu, Zn and Fe), but are poisoned by those with log I smaller than 0.35 (Hg, Cd and Pb).View full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Hiroo OGAWA, Shigeru ARAKI, Tuyosi OOHUSA, Mitsu KAYAMA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1143-1147
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe infiuence of water activity (aw) on the destruction of reduced and oxidzed ascorbic acids (AH2, DH respectively) in a dried laver “Nori”, Porphya yezoensis, was examined in aw (0-0.8) during storage for 10 weeks at 13-15°C in both air and an oxygen-free atmospherr.
Although BET's monolayer moisture value (ML) of Nori was corresponding to aw 0.11, the most suitable condition to keep AH2 was in aw 0.05 system. According to our estimation method, an optimum water content was at aw 0.02, which was also below BET's ML. This could be due to the difference of adsorption ability of a hydrophilic surface from that of a hydrophobic one. Both the surfaces could not be covered with the monolayer of water molecules at the same time because of the differences of surface-energy. This suggests that BET's ML is an apparent value which exceeds as a ML of the hydropgilic surface.
DH increased at lower aw below 0.3 and decreased at higher aw. The ratio of DH to AH2 increased with the increase in aw and storage time. DH is considered to be stabler than AH2 with regrd to the influence of water. When oxygen was removed from the preservation systems, mol fraction <0.001, the destruction of AH2 and DH was reduced significantly but incompletely.View full abstractDownload PDF (385K) -
Effect of Alcohols on “Himodori” (Therimally induced Gel Disintegration) in Oval Filefish Meat PasteTakeshi TAGUCHI, Munehiko TANAKA, Kosaku SUZUKI1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1149-1151
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of alcohols on “Himodori”, thermally induced disintegration of gel, was examined with oval filefish meat paste. The results showed that the alcohols added give a strikingly high gel strength in the tehrmally induced gelation curves and effectively depress the disintegration at 60°C. The depression ratio observed was in the order of n-butyl alcohol>n-amyl alcoho>n-hexyl alchol>iso-amyl alcohol>iso-butyl alcohol>sec-amyl alcohol>n-propyl alcohol>tert-butyl alcohol>1, 5-pentanediol. It was suggested that the methyl group in the alcohols plays an important role in the depression of the disintegration.View full abstractDownload PDF (202K) -
Yasuo MAKINODAN, Haruhiko TOYOHARA, Shizunori IKEDA1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1153
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (113K) -
Munehiko TANAKA, Kosaku SUZUKI, Takeshi TAGUCHI1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages 1155
Published: July 25, 1983
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (102K) -
1983 Volume 49 Issue 7 Pages e2
Published: 1983
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (12K)
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