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Volume 5, Issue 1
Displaying 1-11 of 11 articles from this issue
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Masao KIMATA1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 1-4
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of Li(1, 2, 3, 4, 5), Rb(4), Cs(3, 4), Sr(2), Ba(2), and Be upon the phy-siology of bacteria are rather poorly known. Various investigators (2, 3, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14) have studied the effects of Na, K, Ca, and Mg on the same, but mostly with inadequate methods. As to the effects of these metals on the decomposition of fish muscle by bacteria our knowledge is still meagre.
In the present experiment, I have studied the effect of alkali metals and alkali earth metals on the bacterial decomposition of fish muscle and on the growth rate of bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (198K) -
Mititaka UDA1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 5-11
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (425K) -
Susumu SUGANO1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 12-18
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe best form for fishing salmons of a surface trawl net to be used with two boats was searched for with the models constructed according to TAUTI'S principle. After various improvements, a form was obtained, with which the net assumes the shapes as shaown in Fig. 4. In Fig. 4, the speed of dragging the net corresponds to 1/2. 1 and 11/2 miles per hour in A, B and C respectively; the distance between the two boats, to 73, 61, 49and 36•2 F respectively from left to right in each row; while the length of two ropes attached to the net, to 40 and 40 F in the upper row, 40 and 45 F in the middle and 40 and 50 F in the lower ?ow.View full abstractDownload PDF (393K) -
Hideaki MIYAMOTO1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 19-24
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe efficiency in keeping the mouth of net open was experimented with Otter boards of suitable shape and width attached to a kind of drag nets used in Japan.
The models of 3/40 and 1/75 of the original drag nets, A and B, of which the net pieces are arranged as shown in Fig. 1 A and B, were made according to TAUTI'S principle1) of model net construction. The Otter boards, as shown in Fig. 2 A and B with the lengths converted into original, were attached to these nets, A and B, respectively.
The tensions on the ropes of nets under various pulling speeds were estimated. Between the tension on the net R and pulling speed υ, for two original nets, we get the relations R= 0.036υ2+72 (net A) and R=0.097υ2+200 (net B), while for the model nets, R=0.026υ2+72 (net A) and R=0.050υ2+200 (net B), respectively. Hence in Fig. 4 A and B the tension from the model experiments are converted by the relations R=1.40×(0.026υ2)+72 (net A) and R=1.94×(0.050υ2)+200 (net B), into originals (crosses) for the same reason as the writer has mentioned in the case of the model experiments on sailing trawl net used in Mikawa Bay2), and compared with that of originals (circles). A fair coincidence is seen between them.
The forms of model nets were photographed both from above and lateral sides under the pulling speeds, which are, if converted into the original, 1/2, 1 and 11/2 mile/hour (Fig. 3 A and B). Several dimensions of the mouth of net vary with the speed as shown in Fig 5 A and B.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
I. Blue Whale and Fin Whale in the AntarcticYoshio MATSUURA1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 25-32
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present account is chiefly based on “International Whaling Statistics, Vol. III (1932), Vol. V (1934) and Vol. VI (1935), edited by the Committee for Whaling Statistics appointed by the Norwegian Government. Oslo.”
1. The rate of pregnacy in blue whale females does not fall at least in the range from 2 to 7 years old, while in fin whale females it falls already in the ages of 6 to 7.
2. The percentage of the twin-pregnancies (possibly including both single-ovum and double-ovum twin pregnancies). to the normal ones is as follows: blue whale 0•.5%, fin whale 0•8%, sei whale 0•6%. These percentage values are more or less smaller than those of man, horse or cow (about 1•0%). Litter sizes varying from 5 to 7 are also reported in blue whale, but they are very rare.
3. The rate of foetal growth from 2 to 9 solar months of pregnancy can be expressed by the equation l=ktnwhere, l is the body length of foetuses in cm, t age of foetus in months, and n and k are constants, of which n=1•9 with blue whale, and n=1•7 with fin whale.View full abstractDownload PDF (530K) -
Hiroaki AIKAWA1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 33-41
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSI. Oceanic groups. Kurosio and Oyasio are the important ocean currents, which affect the neritic region around Japan. Tusima current is, so to say, Kurosio and Liman current, Oyasio in the Japan Sea. They are characterized planktologically as follows:-
(A) The Kurosio group is either Desmo- or Styli- or rarely Tripos-plankton. The diatom communities of.these plankton groups are nearly similar in composition to each other, and some forms such as mentioned just below are invariable components in them. Clima?odium biconcavum, C. Frauenfeldianum, Dactyliosolen tenuis, Ditylium sol, Gossreliella tropica, Guinardia flaccida, Hemiaulus Heibergii, H. hauck-ii, Leptocylindrus danicus, Planktoniella sol, G. Rhizosolenia, and Streptotheca indica. In addition to these diatoms, Amphorella, Epiplocylis, Proplectella, Rhabdonella, Tintinnus, and Xystonella of Tintinnodes are all good indicators of the Kurosio group. Radiates occupy usually more than 10%.
(B) The Oyasio group. Animals are often larger in quantity than pants, and Copepods are the most prevalent. Of Tintinnodes, Parafavella, Cyttarocylis, and Ptychocylis are also the good indicators, Diatoms are usually most prominent, but sometimes peridinians become su-perior in number. Tripos- or Disco- or Thal'thric plankton are most often met with. Among diatoms, Coscinodiscus spp., Corethron hystrix, and Thal'thrix longissima are generaily abundant here. Bid. aurita, Detticula sp., Thal'sira Nordenskioldii, T. decipiens, and several forms of Subg. Phaeoceros are also the important forms in this group.
(C) The Tusima current group has many species in common with the Kurosio group, although the neritic character is more or less distinctive here. In winter, this group is influe nced by the Liman group and the after-effects are also recognized even in spring.
(D) The Liman group, the Oyasio group in the Japan Sea, possesses the species present also in the Oyasio group at least during winter. In summer, this group is usually influenced considerably by the Tusima current group and southern forms mingle with the northern ones here.
(E) The Yellow Sea group is rather neritic in character and influenced distinctly by the Kurosio group.
All these oceanic groups are uniform and stable both in composition and quantity through-out the vast area for considerable length of time. There is generally only a slight difference in composition between the summer and the winter plankton groups.
II. The neritic group. The neritic group is characterized by the points:-(l) Plants are usual-ly larger in number than animals and occupy more than 80% of the total. (2) Animals are rich in kind, but Radiates and Copepods never attain to such high percentages as in the oceanic group. (3) Among diatoms, Chaetoceros is always the leading form. (4) In other cases, several diatoms form the simple floras either successively or abruptly. The simple flora is unique in the neritic region. The neritic group flactuates markedly in composition and in quantity, because the seasonal succession of diatoms and of other organisms takes place quick-ly, although the similar plankton association can last at least for two weeks or thereabouts.View full abstractDownload PDF (735K) -
Shinko TATSUNO, Kazumaro NITO1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 42-44
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThermal conductivity of tuna, shark and yellow-tail muscles was measured in fresh, frozen and melted states, by the comparative method, in which a glass plate (B in Fig. 1) was used as the standard. When frozen as low as -20°to -50°C, the fish muscles have the thermal conductivity about 30 to 90% greater than that in fresh state, while after melting, the incre-ment, if there remains any, is reduced to only a few %. Among three kinds of fish used, the tendency of lowering of thermal conductivity with the degree of fat content is also observed as LANGSTROTH(1) has pointed out.View full abstractDownload PDF (186K) -
Yonesaku NAGATA1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 45-46
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe powdered sea-weed, Laminaria, has of late drawn attention of investigators of nutrition on account of its richness in iodine. The dried frond of Laminaria from Risiri, Hokkaido, which is on the market, was found to contain about 0•25% iodine. Immersion of this dried material in dilute acetic acid, which is the first step in manufacturing the powder, was proved to deprive the material of nearly half of its iodine content. The material thus treated is planed previous to final powdering. The successive layers thus made differ in iodine content ; the outermost layer which is mixed with detritus was found to contain 0•19%, the next blackish one 0•14%, still deeper whitish one 0•12%, and the middle one 0•1% iodine.View full abstractDownload PDF (103K) -
Relation of Pitch of the Tones to the Weight of Salmon CansMituyo OKADA, Katumi YAMAGUTI, Masakiti SINODA1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 47-50
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy means of resonators of HELMHOLTZ'S type, tones emitted by 1/2Lb salmon cans when struck on the upper end were analysed with respect to their pitch. From a s'atistical point of view, there are two main partial tones, one between 230 and 600 Hertzs and another between 600 and 1300 Hertzs. The heavier the can is packed, the lower is the pitch of each partial tone, as shown in Fig. 2. The correlation coefficients obtained provisionally between the pitch and the weight of the cans are -0•33 ?? -0•51.View full abstractDownload PDF (269K) -
Tasae KAWAKAMI1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 51-55
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAfter completely dried in an oven, several kinds of fishmeal (Table 1) were exposed into five humidors at several constant humidities and at an constant temperature (20°C.), and wetted to saturation. The increment of weight was measured. Thus, the hygroscopicity was calculated (Table 2), with the results as follows:- (1) Over the range of 1-0•49 of relative humidity R (in ordinal fraction) the relation between the moisture absorbed per unit mass of the dry matter WR and R is empirically formulated as
(W1-WR)n=k(1-R),
where n and k are constants (Fig. 1, Table 2).
(2) The value of WR has a negative correlation with the fat content of the material, and as the humidity decreases the correlation becomes less close.
Seeing that the transfer of moisture in the pile of fish meal obeys the ordinary law of diffusion, the author determined the coefficient of diffusivity K by measuring the distribution of moisture in the fishmeal, which was filled in a glass tube with an open end and kept in a constant humidity, R=0•9, for 1-3 days. The results obtained are summarized in Table 3 from which we can see that the value of K has a negative correlation with the apparent density of the material. This fact leads to the conclusion that the migration of moisture takes place in the space among the particles of fishmeal.View full abstractDownload PDF (274K) -
II. Finding out of the Most Adequate and Accurate Scale of the Vacuity for the “Dial Vacuum Tester.”Kenzô TOMIMASU1936 Volume 5 Issue 1 Pages 56-71
Published: June 10, 1936
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe υ-β diagrams which denote the relation between the vecuity and the dopth of the top or bottom end plate of full cans are able to be classified into four types according to the ex-hansting and sterilising processes as follows :
I. (a) With vacuum seamer and common retort.
II. (b) ?? ?? ?? ?? equi-pressure retort.
III. (a) With exhaust box and common retort.
IV. (b) ?? ?? ?? ?? equi-pressure retort.
The author reproduced the above four models of the υ-β diagrams of full cans experi-mentally with empty cans, two models I. (b) and II. (b) by the vacuum test, and the other two models I. (a) and II. (a) by the compound test which are described in detail in this paper.
The υ-β diagrams obtained experimentally as above mentioned were compared with the mean lines of measured vacuities and end plate depths of the test cans.
The test cans were prepared in three kinds, one in the empty can seamed with vacuum seamer but with no sterilization, another in the cans filled with water and processed with either exhaust box or vacuum seamer and sterilized in the common retort in usual way, and the other in the crab and salmon 11b. cans circulated in market. The bare cans as vessels were all manufactured by the same maker in 1935
The experimental υ-β line coinsides pretty well with the mean line through the observed points in each kind for the cans of crab-can form, but for the cans of salmon-can form the deviation of the experimental line from the latter becomes a little larger, therefore it is pre-ferable to take the latter as the calibration scale of the vacuity for the “Dial Vacuum In-dicator.”
The mean value of deviations of the observed points from their mean lineis smaller than 2 inches in vacuum for almost all cases, and taking the mean of the top and bottom end plate depths the mean value of the deviations of the observed paints from their meam line is reduced to only 1•5 inches in vacuum for all cases as shown in table 2.View full abstractDownload PDF (982K)
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