巻号一覧
50 巻, 1 号
選択された号の論文の29件中1～29を表示しています
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北村 等, 平山 和次1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 1-5
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe response of Bugula neritina in the early growth stage of a colony to the environmental water temperature was studied.
The larvae attached on slide glasses were immersed 1 m below the surface in the sea at five experimental sites. In the colonial growth, the increase of the zooid number had a parallel relation with the increase of branch number and of the dry and wet weights. The growth speed of a colony could be expressed as the function of the number of zooid (N):dN/dt=rN(t, day: r, intrinsic rate of natural increase of zooid).
The experiment on colonial growth conducted in four seasons at various temperatures revealed that the lowest temperature for survival was about 9°C, the lower limit of temperature for the exponential growth was about 13°C. The relation between the intrinsic rate (r) and water temperature (T) for a temperature range from 13 to 28°C could be represented by the following equation: logr=0.04T-1.3. B. neritina was supposed to tolerate without any abnormal symptom even a high temperature of 30°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
藪 熈, 石井 清彦1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 7-10
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe chromosome study was carried out on one male of the great blue shark, Prionace glauca (Linnaeus) collected by drifting gill-net in the North Pacific Ocean. The chromosome number was determined as n=39 in the spermatocytes, and 2n=78 in the spermatogonia and gill tissues. From our karyotype analysis, the chromosomes in the spermatogonium were classfied into 4 groupes on the bases of their length and position of constriction, and those in the gill cell into 5 groups on the bases of their position of centromere or constriction.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1325K) -
藤野 和男, 佐々木 喜代志1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 11-15
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAnalyses of excessive occurrence of homozygotes at multiple loci of isozymes has already disclosed inbreeding structure in the wild population of the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai. Reciprocal deviations from the genetic equilibrium, overdominance of heterozygotes, were observed at esterase M and phosphogluconate dehydrogenase loci. Analyses of the population data indicated that the deviations at the esterase M locus were associated with shell-length group, indicating that the ratios (O/E) between the observed (O) and expected (E) frequencies of heterozygotes, 1•2 and 2•3 types, are below 1 in juveniles, increase gradually with the increment of shell-length, and exceed 1 at shell-length of approximately 8-9 cm, whereas those of homozvgote, 2•2 type, and the other genotypes decrease with the increment of shell-length. The results of the observations suggested differential survival rates among the genotypes associated with age of the animals. On the basis of the observations, a possible application of the genotypes as indicator in selective breeding for improving productivity in abalone aquaculture is discussed. No such association of genotypic proportions with shell-length groups has been observed at phosphogluconate dehydrogenase locus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (363K) -
何 権浤, 青山 恒雄, 稲垣 正1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 17-21
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the form of a sergestid shrimp under operation, field measurements of net and fishing conditions were made on a commercial fishing boat. It was found that the height of the net mouth decreased with increase in the towing speed and there were complex behaviors as to the hieght of the net mouth corresponding with the warp length and the distance between the boats uncer operation. The average height of the net mouth is 27m in the spring, and 38m in the autumn fishing seasons. The orientation of the net mouth during operation is slightly upwards. The relationship between the depth of the net and the warp length was also obtained; the longer the warp is, the greater the depth of the net. Since the depth of the net center is 66% of the warp length, the necessary length of warp under operation is as much as 1.5 times the depth of the center of the patch of shrimps. However, the relationships between the depth of the net and the towing speed, and between the net depth and the distance between the boats are not so clear.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1137K) -
何 権浤, 松田 皎, 青山 恒雄1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 23-28
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーModel tests of a commercial midwater trawl net for sergestid shrimp Sergia lucens have been carried out in a circulating water tank using a model net with a scale of 1/160. The tests and the design of the model net were based on Tauti's model law.
Five kinds of test were conducted by varying the distance between the boats, the warp length, and the sinker weight, and by exchanging the ordinary wing net for a rope wing net and using a bag net without a wing net. Each test was conducted under six different towing speeds: 0.39, 0.78, 1.03, 1.17, 1.56 and 1.94 kt.
The height of the net mouth is increased by decreasing the distance between the boats, by adding sinker weight and by decreasing the towing speed, while the spread of the wing ends is increased by increasing the distance between the boats and by increasing the towing speed.
The resistance forces of net in towing tend to become the largest in the case of net with ordinary wing nets, and the smallest in that of the net without wing net.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (420K) -
松岡 正信, 岩井 保1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 29-35
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe developmental process of the myotomal musculature in the red sea bream was investigated histochemically from newly hatched larvae to juveniles, and histochemical characters of the fiber types were confirmed in young specimens. Three main fiber types, so-called red, pink and white, were recognized on the basis of differences in fiber size and the staining for SDH, NADHD, PhR and lipid. In addition to these three types, there were very small diameter fibers between the red and pink fiber zones, showing very weak or negative staining for SDH, NADHD, PhR and lipid. Newly hatched larvae were provided with a single layer of presumptive myoblasts of the superficial fibers surrounding the inner white fibrs. The myofibrils of superficial cells became evident by 2.9mm TL, and metabolic features referable to the red fiber type appeared in these cells prior to the first-feeding stage. At about 7mm TL, the pink fibers started to differentiate and the stratification of muscle fibers occurred in the red fiber zone, foreshadowing the definitive adult arrangement. The developmental process of the myotomal musculature seemed to be correlated with the swimming behavior of these larvae and junveiles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3798K) -
田中 真, 吉水 守, 草刈 宗晴, 木村 喬久1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 37-42
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLymphocystis disease of Kurosoi Sebastes schlegeli and cultured and wild Hirame Paralichthys olivaceus in Hokkaido, Japan was studied by light and electron microscopy.
Seasonal variation in the incidence of lymphocystis was recognized and the incidence of lymphocystis was greatest in July (37%) in the cultured Hirame.
Lymphocystis cells were observed mainly on the fins of Kurosoi and were observed in various places on the body surface of Hirame.
Lymphocystis cells showed characteristics figures, including cellular hypertrophy, cell enclosure by a distinctive hyaline capsule, enlarged nucleus and granular-appearing cytoplasm with prominent inclusions.
The virus particles were polyhedral, represented as hexagonal or pentagonal profiles in sections. They are about 273nm in mean diameter in Kurosoi and about 259nm in mean diameter in both cultured and wild Hirame. They may often be seen in crystalline array and they are always located in the cytoplasm. Virogenic particles were observed around the inclusion body see on light microscopy.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2529K) -
クドゥス Ｍ．Ｍ．Ａ．, 清水 誠, 能勢 幸雄1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 43-49
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThere has been an argument on the stocks, types or races of the anadromous fish, Hilsa ilisha, but detailed study has not yet been done in Bangladesh waters. The present comparative study of samples of Hilsa ilisha collected in 1977 and 1978 from four main rivers of Bangladesh, namely the Padma, Meghna, Jomuna, and Dhaleswari, revealed significant intertype differences in mean numbers of six meristic characters and seven morphometric measurements. Their body coloration, blotches, length of pyloric caecum and number of intermuscular bones were also different. The occurrence of two types (A and B) of Hilsa ilisha was evidenced.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1097K) -
クドゥス Ｍ．Ｍ．Ａ．, 清水 誠, 能勢 幸雄1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 51-57
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe age and growth of two types of Hilsa ilisha from the rivers Padma and Meghna were examined by means of otolith readings. The relationship between body length and otolith size was found to be linear for both the types A and B, and significantly different between types. In the case of type A hyaline zones appeared during June and July while in type B it was in January and February, i. e., during their respective spawning season. Back-calculated mean lengths ranged from 158.8 to 417.5mm and 142.8 to 398.3mm at the age of 1 to 5 years of types A and B, respectively. A marked difference in the growth by weight was also observed in the two types. Bertalanffy's growth equation fitted well to length at age and were;
Lt=642(1-exp(-0.1907(t+0.4929))) for type A and
Lt=680(1-exp(-0.1608(t+0.4689))) for type B.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (423K) -
塚本 勝巳, 梶原 武1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 59-61
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is generally believed that the the relatively large yolk sac at hatching must be a hydrodynamic embarrassment to the larvae. This communication describes the relation between the yolk absorption and the swimming activity in the ayu larvae, Plecoglossus altivelis.
The mean yolk volume of the exercised fish, which were subjected to 60 min swimming at cruising speed (2cm/s) in the water tunnel of glass tube, was 36% smaller than that of the control kept in still water. This clearly shows that the yolk substance was consumed as energy for locomotion.
The changes in the cruising and the burst speeds were observed in the same apparatus for the larvae during the 1st-20th day after hatching. Both speeds showed a slump on the 4th day, when the yolk was completely absorbed. It was considered that the hydrodynamic disadvantage of the yolk sac was not serious in the swimming activity of the ayu larvae. The contribution of the yolk as an energy supply must be much larger. For this reason, the biological activity as a whole, including the swimming activity, seems to be kept high in the yolk-sac period.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (207K) -
井上 実, 有元 貴文, 任 為公1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 63-69
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe authors demonstrated in the previous study that under bright condition freshwater fishes in the current without visual objects showed a weak upstream movement, whereas under dark condition a vigorous upstream movement was shown.
In this study, the upstream reaction of seven marine fishes was examined under bright and dark conditions with a rotating water trough and a straight water trough devoid of visual objects.
The results of the experiments are as follows;
1) Under the dark condition (0.01-0.05lux), two species of experimental fish (Parapristipoma trilineatum, Apogon semilineatus), both of which live near reefs showed a strong upstream movement compared with the movement under the bright condition (2.5-90lux).
2) Under the bright and dark conditions, four species (Sardinops melanostictus, Engraulis japonicus, Decapterus maruadsi, Trachurus japonicus) showed an active upstream movement, not related to the level of illumination.
3) Under the dark condition, only one species (Scomber japonicus) showed a weak upstream movement.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2073K) -
渡部 終五, ディーン ティゴックロアン, 橋本 周久1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 71-77
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLight chains were dissociated by DTNB and/or urea treatments from the ordinary and dark muscle myosins of mackerel Pneumatophorus japonicus japonicus. Ordinary muscle myosin light chains were isolated from each other by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography using a linear gradient in potassium phosphate buffer (pH 6.0), whereas dark muscle myosin light chains, by the same chromatography, but in the presence of 4M urea. Five light chains thus isolated were analyzed for molecular weight and isoelectric point.
The ordinary muscle myosin contained two moles of DTNB light chain per mole and another two moles of alkali light chains A1 and A2. The molar ratio of A1 to A2 was about 0.4. The molecular weights of A1 (27, 000) and A2 (21, 000) were larger than that of DTNB light chain (19, 000). The dark muscle myosin contained two moles each of two light chains, D1 and D2, whose molecular weights were 24, 500 and 20, 000, respectively.
The isoelectric points of A1, A2 and DTNB light chains were 4.9, 4.4, and 4.8, respectively, while those of D1 and D2 light chains were 5.6 and 5.1, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2898K) -
佐藤 秀一, 竹内 俊郎, 渡辺 武1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 79-84
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTilapia nilotica which had been kept on a commercial diet supplemented with corn oil were starved for 82 days at different water temperatures (15° and 25°C), and changes in proximate and fatty acid compositions were investigated periodically.
The loss of body weight was more severe in the fish starved at 25°C, together with decrease of protein and lipid contents in the whole body was more marked in the latter. Seven fish died after 82 days of starvation in the water temperature of 15°C, quite different from the result of carp.
Fatty acid distributions in Tilapia lipids were affected to some extent by water temperature during starvation. The percentage of 22:6ω3 increased in the polar lipids of fish starved at the lower water temperature, although the amount of polar lipids in the whole body was almost constant during stravation, not affected by water temperature. The decrease of lipids in the tissue was mainly due to the decrease of triglycerides, but fatty acid composition of triglycerides did not change by starvation at both the temperatures; although in the fish starved for 82 days at the lower water temperature, the percentage of 18:2ω6 decreased. These results suggested that fatty acids utilized for energy during starvation are different from species to species and depend upon environmental temperature.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (89K) -
成田 弘子, 野口 玉雄, 丸山 純一, 奈良 正人, 橋本 周久1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 85-88
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA paralytic toxin was detected in a gastropod, “hanamushirogai” Zeuxis siquijorensis collected from the coast of Shimizu. The toxin was partially purified, essentially by a purification method of tetrodotoxin (TTX), and compared with an authentic specimen of TTX.
“Hanamushirogai” toxin clearly differed from TTX in both thin-layer chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors. Their dose-death time curves in mice did not superimpose on each other. However, it was demonstrated by GC-MS that “hanamushirogai” toxin gives rise to C9-base (2-amino-6-hydroxymethy1-8-hydroxyquinazoline) when hydrolyzed with alkali.
It was concluded from these results that the toxin is a TTX-associated substance which contains the quinazoline skeleton (C9-base) as does TTX.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (289K) -
立田 穣, 中原 元和, 小柳 卓1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 89-93
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe accumulation of 59Fe by abalone Haliotis discus and right-eye flounder Kareius bicoloratus from different uptake mode was investigated. Whole body of 59Fe of abalone taken up from sea water showed concentration factor of 66±19 at 6 day accumulation. Elimination patterns of 59 Fe from abalone taken up from sea water and by oral administration were different from each other and with regard to that of right-eye flounder. Distribution ratio of 59 Fe in abalone taken up from sea water was high in the liver, contrary to the results of oral administration showing the high being in the muscle. Right-eye flounder in ora! administration showed high distribution of 59Fe in the liver against the report of sea water uptake showed in the intestine. The combining form of 59Fe in constituent organs was observed at same elution volume in spite of the difference of uptake mode and species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (358K) -
長島 裕二, 菊池 武昭, Mikio CHIBA1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 95-99
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe toxicity of mercury to Himedaka Oryzias latipes was assessed in the range of 100-1000ppb in HgCl2 and 50-300ppb MeHgCl (methyl mercury) solutions in water tanks using the still water method. LC50 values obtained were 700ppb and 155ppb for HgCl2 and MeHgCl, respectively.
After rearing for 48 h the amount of total mercury found in live fish was around 25 ppm regardless to the concentrations of HgCl2 solutions; the corresponding concentrations for dead fish were much higher, being 41-58 ppm. No evidence of conversion of HgCl2 to organic mercury was observed during the period.
Excretion of accumulated mercury was relatively fast when the accumulated mercury was mainly HgCl2, but it was very slow when the accumulated mercury was mainly MeHgCl.
When HgCl2-containing feed was given to Himedaka for 5 weeks, there was no sign of accumulation of mercury in the fish, but gradual accumulation was observed when MeHgCl-containing feed was given.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1908K) -
菊池 武昭, 長島 裕二, Mikio CHIBA1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 101-106
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe toxicity of permethrin to the Himedaka Oryzias latipes was assessed with a formulated permethrin product, and cis- and trans-isomers of permethrin individually. LC50 values obtained after 48h were 60ppb, 38ppb and 55ppb for the formulated product, cis-permethrin and trans-permethrin, respectively.
After 48h of rearing in test solutions, the amount of permethrin accumulated in the fish ranged from 1-6ppm. Most live fish contained permethrin from 1-4ppm and most dead fish contained permethrin from 3-6ppm. The biological concentration was more prominent with cis-permethrin than trans-permethrin. The excretion of accumulated permethrin was essentially completed in 4 days.
When the Himedaka were per-treated in a low concentration permethrin solution at 1/10 of LC50 for 48h and 168h, the fish developed tolerance to permethrin, and the mortality was substantially dropped in a LC50 permethrin solutiohn at 60ppb; in one case no mortality was observed at all for the 48h period.
A gas chromatographic method with the use of a non-radioactive electron capture detector has been developed which gives complete resolution of cis- and trans-permethrin with more than 90% recovery and the lowest detectable limit of 0.1 ng.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (499K) -
大島 敏明, 和田 俊, 小泉 千秋1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 107-114
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEnzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids in cod flesh during storage in ice for 30 days were studied. The contents of phosphatidylcholine (PC) and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) in the flesh dcereased slowly during first 4 days of storage and then rapidly to 20 days. Thereafter, the decrease of the contents almost ceased. During storage for 30 days, 72.2% of PC and 71.8% of PE were hydrolyzed. Contrary to this, the content of free fatty acid (FFA) increased slowly during the first 4 days of storage and then rapidly up to 20 days.
Major PC in the cod flesh were those having fatty acid combinations of (C16, C22), (C16, C20), (C18, C22), and (C18, C20). Percentages of PC having the combinations of (C16, C16) and (C16, C18) increased rapidly during storage in ice, while those of (C16, C20), (C16, C22) and (C18, C22) decreased. In the case of PE, prominent fatty acid combinations were those of (C18, C22), (C16, C22), (C20, C22), (C22, C22), and (C20, C20). During storage, percentages of PE having the combinations of (C16, C18) and (C16, C20) increased, while those of (C20, C22) and (C22, C22) decreased.
From these reults, it was suggested that the PC having fatty acid combinations (C16, C16) and (C16, C18) and the PE having those of (C16, C18) and (C16, C20) were synthesized in the flesh during storage in ice from glycerylphosphorylcholine, glycerylphosphorylethanolamine and FFA which had been produced from PC and PE with enzymatic hydrolysis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3811K) -
橋本 周久, 渡部 終五, 中川 孝之, 反田 健児1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 115-118
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAttempts were made to identify electrophoretically three subspecies of the genus Lagocephalus pufferfish: “kurosabafugu” L. lunaris subsp., “shirosabafugu” L. lunsris spadiceus, and “dokusabafugu” L. lunaris lunaris.
The extracts were prepared from the ordinary muscle of those three subspecies, and analyzed for patterns of sarcoplasmic protein and several enzymes by polyacerylamide gel electrophoresis.
The three subspecies clearly differed from each other in sarcoplasmic protein pattern, though small individual variations were recognized in L. lunaris spadiceus and L. lunaris lunaris.
Of the exzymes tested, the most specific to the subspecies was malate dehydrogenase (MDH), followed by lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) and phosphoglucomutase (PGM).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (951K) -
河合 章, 前田 広人1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 119-124
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe dissolved oxygen consumption of the overlying water was studied in the north and south basins of Lake Biwa. Do consumption due to the bottom sediment was estimated from the dissolved oxygen uptake in the core tube. Chemical oxygen uptake in the bottom sediment core were measured separately from total uptake by supplimentation of formalin or mercury chloride. Total DO consumption rates in the north and south basins averaged 0.4g O2/m2/day and 0.02g O2/m2/day, respectively. Chemical oxygen uptake accounted for about 80% and 17% of the total oxygen uptake in the north and south basins. The sulfides accumulation was found to be much higher in the north basin than in the south basin.
In both the basins, the concentration of sulfides in the bottom sediment was correlated with chemical DO consumption in the overlying water. Regression analysis suggests that sulfide formation in the bottom sediment is the dominant factor controlling chemical DO consumption in each basin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (455K) -
佐伯 清子, 熊谷 洋1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 125-127
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe contents of nutritive components were determined monthly through one year for the muscle of wild and cultured puffers, Fugu rubripes. The wild puffer was caught in the offing of Tsushima and the cultured fish was taken from the Senzaki culture farm in Yamaguchi Prefecture from May, 1981 to May, 1982. Results obtained are as follows.
For both the muscles from the wild and the cultured puffers, the contents of the nutritive components i.e. moisture, protein, lipid, and ash are nearly contents vary inversely in both the wild and the cultured puffers. Lipid and ash are minor components. Lipid is accumulated exclusively in the liver of both the wild and the cultured puffers throughout the year.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (252K) -
内田 直行, 塚山 貴以子, 西出 英一1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 129-138
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTrypsins were purified from the pyloric caeca of chum salmon Oncorhyncus keta in order to study the properties of these enzymes and to know the mechanism of protein digestion in the pyloric caeca.
Six anionic trypsins (designated as DI-1, DI-2, DI-3, DII-1, DII-2 and PI-1) having isoelectric point (i.p) of 4.1-4.3 and one cationic trypsin (designated as PII-1) having i.p of 11.1 were isolated by ammonium sulfate precipitation, batch methods of P- and DEAE-cellulose, gel filtration chromatography on Sephadex G-100, DEAE- and P-cellulose column chromatography from the water extract of the pyloric caeca which was autoactivated at 3-5°, pH 8.5 for 20 hours.
Results of polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that isolated trypsins except DII-2 were homogenous or highly purified enzymes and that DII-2 was mixture of two trypsins.
The activitiess of all purified trypsins were affected by metal-chelating agents, alkylating agents, sulfhydryl compounds and N-tosyl-L-phenylalanine chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) in similar fashion to bovine cationic trypsin. These were completely inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate(DFP), N-tosyl-L-lysine chrolomethyl ketone (TLCK), soybean trypsin inhibiter and chicken ovomucoid.
These results suggested that their functional properties were similar to those of the other vertebrate trypsins.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1462K) -
三橋 薫, 吉田 陽一, 門田 元1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 139-143
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWith an intention to shorten the retention time of treatment water in the lagoon with high rate removal of nitrogen, a bench scale experiment of intermittent aeration was done. Using artificial wastewater with approx. 50 mg-N/l as total N and approx. 300 mg/l as COD three 150lvolumetric tanks with 1 day, 1.6 days and 3.3 days retention time were run at around 20°C. After 1 month of acclimation, the effluent NH4+-N, NO2--N, NO3--N, Organic N and Total N, and COD were around 0.4, 0.1, 1.0, 4.0 and 5.5 mg-N/l, and 15 mg/l, respectively. The removal rates of nitrogen in the tanks with 1 day, 1.6 days and 3.3 days were 87, 90 and 87%, respectively, and the removal rates of COD were 94, 95 and 93%, respectively. The degree of DO saturation in the tanks changed from 0 to around 50%. During most of off-aeration time it was kept at zero.
By the achievement of the shortening of retention time, the intermittent aeration techniques would find a wide applications to the various fields of wastewater treatment.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (343K) -
田島 研一, 高橋 恒人, 絵面 良男, 木村 喬久1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 145-150
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn a previous paper, we examined the toxicity of the extracellular protease of A. salmonicida, Ar-4 (EFDL) on yamabe (Oncorhynchus masou f. ishikawai) and goldfish (Carassius auratus). From these results, we considered the protease secreted by this bacterium was a causative agent of furunculosis.
In this paper, we observed enzymatic properties of the purified protease. The results obtained were summarized as follows:
1. The molecular weight of purified protease was estimated to be 71, 000 by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
2. The purified protease showed maximal activity at pH 9.4 and 50°C. It was stable over the pH range 5.0 to 10.0 and was completely inactivated by temperature at 56°C.
3. The protease was presumably classified an alkaline serine protease and it showed chymotryptic properties since it was significantly inhibited by diisopropylfluorophosphate (DFP) and tosyl-phenylalanine-chloromethyl ketone (TPCK) and hydrolyzed N-benzoyl-L-tyrosine ethyl ester (BTEE).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (437K) -
松居 正己, 石橋 亨, 河端 俊治1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 151-154
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe have already reported that the carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) content apparently increased when some salted-dried fish were broiled on a city gas range. Especially, both the NDMA and N-nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) contents increased markedly when simple dried squid was broiled. In the present study, we broiled dried squid in various gaseous atmospheres and examined the effect of the broiling temperatures on the nitrosamine formation. It was found that the highest NDMA formation rate occurred in the gases produced by the combustion of kerosene, followed by those from city gas combustion. NDMA was also formed when dried squid samples were heated in the hot air from an electric range, which may contain a trace amount of nitrogen oxide (s) produced during heating. It is noteworthy that the NDMA content increased even when the sample was heated in air or argon atmospheres, although the rates were apparently low. In general, the higher the heating temperature, the larger the amount of NDMA formed upon broiling. It was found that the greater part of NDMA produced during heating escaped from the broiled squid, viz., the level of vaporized NDMA was 3 to 5 times as high as the level remaining in the squid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (287K) -
松居 正己, 石橋 亨, 河端 俊治1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 155-159
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe precursors of carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) formed in dried squid products upon broiling on a city gas range have been studied. Concerning the nitrosating species such as nitrogen oxides (NOX) and ethylnitrite produced upon broiling, the highest yields of these compounds were observed in the gases produced by combustion of kerosene, followed by those from city gas combustion. We have examined the nitrosation reactions between various amines occurring naturally in the squid muscle and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in vitro. No appreciable amount of NDMA was formed from betaine or dimethylglycine, and only trace quantities could be detected with sarcosine. The highest reaction rate of an amine with NO2 to form NDMA was found to occur with dimethylamine (DMA, the yield was 48.6%), followed by trimethylaminoxide (TMAO, the yield, 1.1%). The average TMAO-N content of uncooked squid sample was as high as 2580 mg/kg, while the initial level of DMA was only 39.4 mg/kg, and it became 54.8 mg/kg after broiling. Judging from the initial levels of these amines, and the reaction rates of NDMA formation, it may be concluded that the most important and principal precursor of NDMA in dried squid is TMAO.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (365K) -
奥積 昌世, 山中 英明, 窪塚 照高1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 161-167
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn the previous paper, the authors reported on the occurrence of N-group bacteria (psychrophilic-halophilic histamine-forming bacteria) on/in red meat fishes.
The present study was undertaken to obtain further information as to the occurrence of the histamine-forming bacteria known, in addition to N-group bacteria on/in fresh fishes.
The histamine-forming bacteria found in the thirteen red meat fish samples were N-group bacteria, Proteus morganii, P. vulgaris, Hafnia alvei, Citrobacter spp., Vibrio spp., Aeromonas spp. etc. For the summer samples, P. morganii were found most frequently, followed by the N-group bacteria. On the other hand, for the winter samples, only the N-group bacteria were found, and other histamine-forming bacteria were not detected.
The method of isolating the various histamine-forming bacteria was discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (525K) -
塚本 勝巳, 梶原 武1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 169
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (101K) -
川村 軍蔵, 鷲山 直樹1984 年 50 巻 1 号 p. 171
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (852K)
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