日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
50 巻, 2 号
選択された号の論文の29件中1~29を表示しています
  • クドゥス M.M.A., 清水 誠, 能勢 幸雄
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 177-181
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The study of spawning, fecundity and sex ratio of two types (A and B) of Hilsa ilisha showed that they had different breeding seasons, i.e., type A from July to October and type B from January to March. Spawning season was determined from gonadosomatic indexes and the peak spawning occurred in September for A and February for B type. Fecundity was found to range from 660 to 1547 thousand for fish between 342 to 520 mm of type A and 399 to 670 thousand for fish between 260 to 470 mm in total length of type B, and observed to be related to total length, body weight, gonad weight and age of the fish. Regarding the sex ratio of type A, the females were preponderant in the months of October and December whereas the males were preponderant in June, but in the case of type B, it was observed to be 1:1.
  • 松山 倫也, 松浦 修平
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 183-187
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The histological changes of ovaries of dwarf Ayu in Lake Biwa, so-called “Koayu”, during spawning season from August to October in 1980, were examined. And it was attempted to clarify the frequency of spawning and the generality of multiple spawning.
    Many mature ovaries with empty follicles showed that the fish probably spawns twice at least. The ovaries with empty follicles were classified into three types on the basis of the histological characteristics, ovary after the first ovulation, ovary after the second ovulation and ovary after the third ovulation. A few fishes' oocytes began to degenerate after the first ovulation. However, it was presumed that the greater part of females spawned twice and a small number of fishes attained the third maturation.
  • 山下 洋, 青山 恒雄
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 189-198
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Seasonal sampling of larval and juvenile fishes in Otsuchi Bay was conducted by using a MTD-net, a 1.13-m ring net, a beach seine and a fish-luring lamp from June 1978 to March 1981. A total of 130 taxa of 51 families were taken during the course of the study. Species diversity and abundance of the larvae showed the highest unimodal seasonal change in summer. Some features of the occurrence and distribution pattern of fish larvae of common species are described. Thirty eight taxa of larvae commonly taken in Otsuchi Bay were divided into three gruops based on the distribution pattern of each species, i.e. shoal-area group which is restricted to the shoal area, central-area group restricted to the central area and whole-areagroup present in both areas. Almost all the taxa belonging to the shoal-area group and the whole-area group have demersal eggs. Most taxa of central-area group have floating egss. Some species change nursery ground in the course of development. Good correlation was found between occurrence of larvae and water tempera-ture in the central area. In the shoal area, the life of shoal-area group seems to be closely related to seagrass and seaweed beds.
  • 小山 次朗, 尾崎 久雄
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 199-203
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Carps (Cyprinus carpio, about 65 g in body weight) were exposed to 0, 5, 10, and 50 ppb Cd2+ (CdCl2•21/2H2O) for 30, 50, 70, and 90 days. Hemoglobin concentration and hematoclit value of the fish exposed to Cd2+ decreased significantly and number of reticulocyte was inclined to increase. In addition, a few fish showed high activity of serum GPT (glutamic pyruvic transaminase).
    These results seem to suggest that the fish exposed to Cd2+ were anemic and their livers were damaged. Because of the hematological changes observed at such low concentrations of Cd2+, the hematological parameters, for example, hemoglobin concentration, hematoclit value, and red blood cell count, are useful as monitors for water quality in the case of cadmium.
  • 有元 貴文
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 205-210
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experimental fishings were conducted at Sagami Bay during 1979-1982, with three kinds of coastal set-line, having variations in gear constructions and operational methods.
    In the present paper, vertical type of set-line with by-line (Tama-nawa) was mainly used, and the results of operations using common type and float type of set-lines are comparatively discussed in catch comosition. Each type of set-line possesses peculiar characteristics of catch, corresponding to its gear design and fishing method. In relation to the desings of grars, vertical distributions of catch are discussed from the data of hooking ration in each hook arranged vertically in branches, so that the behaviour of demersal fishes toward the baited hooks are estimated in each species.
    In addition to the results mentioned above, the Similarity Index (Cλ) among fishes are con-sidered on diurnal rhythms and vertical distributions of catch, and the possibility of interspecific competition in the baited hook occupation are discussed among several main species.
  • 岡本 峰雄
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 211-218
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Experimental ?? nursery of Pagrus major using acoustic conditioning had been constructed by Ohita Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station. In a previous paper, the behavioral characters and community ecology of fishes around the feeder were reported seven months after Pagrus major had been released. After an additional twelve months, behavior of Pagrus major and some other fishes were investigated by direct observation, by some automatic recording instruments and by all the day observation using echosounder and some instrument.
    1. Around the feeder, fifty-six kinds of fishes were found and two-thirds of them were the same species as previously observed.
    2. Number of fishes was seen to have increased compared to the previous observation. The dominant fishes were Navodon modestus, Parapristipoma trilineatum, Pagrus major, Apogon semilineatus and Trachurus japonicus, as in the previous observation the former three kinds of fishes were the dominants.
    3. Navodon modestus and Parapristipoma trilineatum were almost the same size as in the previous observation. Pagrus major had grown up from 16-17 cm to 25-30 cm in total length, but their number had decreased to about one-fourth.
    4. In the daytime, Pagrus major swam at the bottom layer or rested on the bottom. When the feed was scattered by the feeder, they clustered just beneath the feeder and fed actively at the bottom layer and sometimes rose to the midwater layer. In the nighttime, they rested at the bottom.
  • 山根 伸一, 境 正
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 219-224
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The mitochondrial (MT), rough microsomal (RER) and smooth microsomal (SER) fractions isolated from the livers of carp Cyprinus carpio and ell Anguilla japonica by centrifugation were observed with electron microscope. For each fraction, many sections from five different parts of the central region of the sediment were observed. The MT fractions of both species consisted almost of mitochondria but contained lysosome- and peroxisome-like bodies in all the sections of all the parts treated. In the sections of the carp's MT fraction fixed by glutaraldehyde 8 hr after centrifugation, many mitochondria were ruptured and cristae were broken down. A few mitochondria with condensed matrix were seen. However, the greater part of mitochondria of the eel's MT fraction fixed immediately after centrigufation were in good condition. The RER fraction of both species consisted mostly of rough endoplasmic reticula but contained a few mitochondria at some places. The carp's RER fraction was contaminated by long membranous structures at one place of the sediment. In a lower part dense crowding of free ribosomes was seen. Those membranous structures and free ribosomes may be derived from rough endoplasmic reticula of the pancreatic acinar cells. the SER fractions of both species consisted almost of smooth endoplasmic reticula but were contaminated by rough endoplasmic reticula or free ribosomes at some places, probably bottom part of the sediment.
  • 松山 倫也, 松浦 修平
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 225-231
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The changes in number and size of eggs during ovarian maturation and ovulation of the dwarf Ayu in Lake Biwa, so-called “Koayu”, taken in 1980 were examined.
    Differences of egg diameter between the Koayu and the amphidromous type Ayu became remarkable in the eggs developed over the tertiary yolk globule stage. There were no significant differences in the numbers of mature eggs and the GSI values between the ovaries at the first maturation and those at the second maturation, but those at the third maturation had a smaller egg number and GSI valve than the previous two. The number of yolk-less eggs increased after the first ovulation, but this phenomenon was not recognized in the ovaries after the second and the third ovulations. It seemed that there was no possibility of the fourth maturation in the fish because no oocytes were found in the ovaries after the third ovulation. These facts suggest that the multiplication of yolk-less eggs after the first ovulation makes the third ovulation possible and the fish uses up all oocytes in a spawning season. The mode of ovarian maturation and spawning of the fish corresponds to the annual life of the fish.
  • 早川 康博, 橘高 二郎
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 233-240
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Three models for simulation of feeding behavior of sea urchins on algae were presented in comparison with results of tank experiments. It was assumed that the sea urchins fen on the algae most effectively in mode-I, and less effectively in model-II. In both models their feeding behavior was characterized by a constant moving velocity of 10 m/day and a daily feeding rate of 7%. On the other hand, velocity and direction of their movement were assumed to be stochastic variables in model-III. Feeding behavior was simulated in these models. A feeding pattern in model-III was similar to that of tank experiments. The density-dependent relationship was found between the sea urchins and the algae. Critical range for survival of the algal population was roughly estimated.
  • 木島 明博, 森 勝義, 藤尾 芳久
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 241-248
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Genetic variability in native and sown populations, including 10 collections, of the Japanese scallop Patinopecten yessoensis on the Okhotsk Sea coast of Hokkaido in Japan was surveyed by starch gel electrophoresis for 19 genetic loci. As a whole, the proportion of polymorphicloci averaged 0.405±0.008 and the average heterozygosity 0.158±0.002, and these values were remarkably higher than those estimated for fish. Any two of the 10 collections showed clear differences in gene frequencies at more than one locus except for a few combinations, indicating that they have a breeding structure independent of each other. The mean genetic distance was larger among native populations than among sown populations. The genetic distance was 0.0035±0.0003 on the average for all populations, the value being smaller than 0.01 that is considered as the level of local race. However, the mean genetic distance between native Notoro Lake population and the other native populations was 0.0077±0.0008, the value being the largest. These results suggest that the scallop population has a structure capable of being split into a number of local subpopulations.
  • 矢野 和成, 田中 彰
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 249-256
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Specimens of the deep sea sharks, Centroscymnus coelolepis and C. owstoni, were caught with botton drop line, bottom longline, and bottom gillnet in Suruga Bay, Japan. The catch rates of males were distributed in deeper layers than the males, but the distribution of C. owstoni seemed to extend to shallower layers than that of C. coelolepis. The smaller individuals of both species, those below 600 mm in total length (T.L.), were thought to inhabit separate areas such as the waters outside of the bay. The stomach contents of both species consisted mainly of fish and squid. Empty stomachs were more frequently found during the daytime than at night. The proportion of the weight of the intestinal contents to the weight of the intestine was found to be higher during the night that during the day.
  • 鬼頭 邦英, 小栗 幹郎
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 257-261
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Using 18 teleostean species, light microscopic observations were made on the ventricular myocardium and the following results were obtained on the arrangement and development of cardiac muscle fibres.
    1) Muscular tissues of heart ventricles in these fishes were classified into two major groups. In the first group, ventricular myocardium is composed of compact and spongy layers, and active swimming species have more well-developed compact layer as the outer zone of the ventricles.
    2) Furthermore, this group was divided into the following four cases. a) Both compact and spongy layers are well developed (type I). b) Only compact layer is well developed (type II). c) Only spongy layer is well developed (type III). d) Neither layer is well developed (type IV).
    3) In the second group, ventricular myocardium is composed only of spongy layer (type V).
  • 内山 均, 角田 聖斉
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 263-267
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Attempts were made to improve the method for measuring K value, a fish freshness index which is defined as the ratio of the sum of inosine (HXR) and hypoxanthine (HX) to that ATP and its autodegradation products in postmortem fish muscle.
    Ion exchange resin (Bio-Rad, AG 1-X4, 100-200 mesh, Cl- type) was washed with acetone and a ctivated with 1 N HCl. A column (0.6×5 cm) of the resin was washed with 10 ml of solution A (1.9 g sodium tetraborate, 1.2 g NaCl, 22.5 ml 1 N HCl, 10 ml 1 M ethylenediamine per 1 l, adjusted to pH 7.5).
    The muscle was minced, extracted with cold perchloric acid neutralized to pH 6.5-6.8 with caustic potassium solution. The column was charged with the extract equivalent to 0.1-0.2 g muscle, and washed with deionized water. HxR and Hx were eluted with solution A (elute A) while IMP, AMP, ADP and ATP were eluted with solution B (17.4 g NaCl and 150 ml 1 N HCl per 1 l) (elute B).
    Elutes A and B were made up to 50 ml respectively and measured for absorbance at 250 nm to calculate K value by the following formula: K(%)=E250nmA/E250nmA+E250nmB×1/2×100
    This simple method was satisfactorily applied to squid muscle as judged by the standard deviation of K value, 0.12-0.16.
  • 江平 重男, 内山 均, 角田 聖斉
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 269-274
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A method proposed by BITO has widely been used to measure the metmyoglobin (metMb) to total myoglobin (Mb) ratio in tuna meat. Attempts were made to raise the accuracy of BITO'S method. (1) Rather wide variations (4-17%) were found in the metMb ratio of a tuna meat sample, when directly measured by the method. (2) A total of 35 samples of tuna meat whose colour was evaluated good by an experienced dealer exhibited a fairly wide range of the metMb to total Mb ratio, 7-42%. (3) The variations with a sample were effectively reduced down to 0-3% when the supernatant obtained by BITO's nethod was ultracentrifuged at 105, 000×g for15 min, followed by spectrophotometry. (4) The amount of protein sedimented from BITO'S supernatant by this ultracentrifugation varied among samples, ranging from 70 to 580 μg ger gmuscle. (5) When a Mb-free extract of the meat of a cod Anoplopoma fimbria was added to an extact of tuna meat, the metMb to total Mb ratoi was apparently increased. (6) These results led us to conclude that the variations in the metMb to total Mb ratio are caused by cellular debris suspending in the muscle extract.
  • 小泉 千秋, 大島 敏明, 和田 俊
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 275-280
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Effect of the outer fraction of dialyzed water extract of bigeye tuna meat on NaCl-catalyzed oxidation of linaleate was examined using model system. Oxidation of linoleate was carried out at 25°C and Aw 0.84 and followed by determinations of remaining linoleate and POV.
    Linoleate oxidation was markedly inhibited by meat fraction which is diffusive through a cellophane membrane, adsorptive on cation exchange resin, and soluble in 80% EtOH. The inhibitory effect of the meat fraction on linoleate oxidation depended upon the concentration but not the pH. Furthermore, HCl-hydrolysis of the meat fraction resulted in loss of inhibitory effect on linoleate oxidation.
    From these results, amino acids and/or small molecular peptides such as anserine were considered to participate in the inhibitory effect of bigeye tuna meat extract on NaCl-catalyzed oxidation of linoleate.
  • 御木 英昌, 西元 諄一
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 281-285
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The rate of freshness-lowering (kf) in fish muscle of a few species (skipjack, mackerel, and sea bream) and the rate of discoloration in skipjack muscle (kc) during storage were investigated by using the chemical indexes (K values; freshness, metMb%; discoloration). An attempt was made to express the temperature dependence on these quality-changes during storage by kinetic parameters (Ea = activation energy, A = frequency factor).
    Consequently, the relationships of log (100 - K value) or log (100 - metMb%) versus storagetime indicated the first-order reaction, so that the values of kf and kc in sample fishes were obtained from these relationships at the storage temperatures between -40 (or -20) and +20°C. Therefore, the kinetic parameters (Ea, A) on the freshness-lowering or the discoloration of fish muscles were obtained from the ARRHENTUS'S plot of kf or kc values in each sample respectively.
  • 川田 倫夫, 柴田 猛
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 287-292
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Procedures are described for purification of phosphorylase b kinase (EC. 2.7.1.38.) form carp muscle. The phosphorylase b kinases separated into two active fractions (Peak I and Peak II) on phospho-cellulose column chromatography by the linear gradient of KCl have similar properties with pH-depedency of activity, effect of Ca2+ on activity and Km values for ATP and phosphorylase b.
    Both kinases have a high ratio of activities at pH 6.8/pH 8.2 of 0.3-0.4 in comparison with a ratio of 0.05-0.08 for rabbit muscle enzyme.
  • 塩見 一雄, 品川 明, 五十嵐 司, 広田 公雄, 山中 英明, 菊池 武昭
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 293-297
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Arsenic contents and its chemical forms in shellfishes were examined in connection with their feeding habits. The shellfishes used were 5 species of plankton-feeding bivalves, 3 species of herbivorous gastropods, and 7 species of carnivorous gastropods.
    The arsenic content (wet-weight basis) in soft tissue or muscle of bivalves and herbivorous gastropods was below 10 ppm in most specimens. In contrast, the arsenic content in muscle of carnivorous gastropods was significantly high; the mean values ranged from 16.8 ppm (Neptunea arthritica) to 67.9 ppm (Reishia bronni). The arsenic content in mid-gut gland was higher than that in the soft tissue or muscle in the cases of bivalves and herbivorous gastropods but lower in the case of carnivorous gastropods. Regardless of the species and tissues, the ratio of water-soluble organic arsenic to the total arsenic in soft tissue or muscle was somewhat lower in carnivorous gastropods than in the other two groups. These results suggested that carnivorous gastropods can be distinguished from bivalves and herbivorous gastropods with respects to arsenic contents and its chemical forms.
  • 松宮 政弘, 大竹 茂夫
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 299-305
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The diamine oxidase activities in stomach, pyloric caeca, liver and intestine; and chemical compositions of ordinary muscle, dark muscle and liver of common mackerel, which were caught monthly from January 1982 to April 1983 were determined.
    The diamine oxidase activity in the pyloric caeca showed the highest value among the organs, medium peak of the activity was recognized in March during which the soluble protein fraction in both the muscles decresed remarkably. The tendency of the seasonal variation of the diamine oxidase activity in stomach and intestine were identical with that in pyloric caeca.
    The lowest pH values for rigor-mortis in the ordinary and dark muscles remarkably fell in September, and it seems to be characteristic to common mackerel. This drop to the lowest pH values seems to be ascribed to the “overshoot” of the mackerel after the spawnng period.
    The water contents reached the maximum values in the spawning period in ordinary muscle, dark muscle and liver. The increase n the fat content correlated significantly with the decrease of the water contents in the sites as mentioned above.
    It was considered that the increase in the diamine oxidase activity in June might be caused for counteracting the amines which would be formed in the digestive organs by the hydrolysis of food in the refeeding period. However, the cause of the slight increase of the activity in March was obscure.
  • 岡崎 恵美子, 塚田 和子, 神名 孝一, 鈴木 たね子
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 307-312
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Meat textured fish protein concentrate (MT-FPC) from Alaska pollack was rehydrated and stored at -10°C or -20°C for 20, 40, 60, 90 and 120 days. At each storage period, the MT-FPC was thawed at 5°C and the changes of the properties were measured. No changes occured in color, pH and odour: and decrease of water holding capacity during storage were observed.
    Ten grams of the MT-FPC was shaped into a ball and heated by micro-wave oven, after cooling the texture profiles were obtained by a texturometer. A little change of rheological properties of the MT-FPC according to the storage periods were observed; an increase of springiness, while a decrease of cohesiveness and adhesiveness. And varieties of stress-relaxation curves of the MT-FPC all were detected during frozen storage. These changes were clearer in the case of -10°C than that of -20°C.
    Sensory evaluation revealed that the texture of hamburger containing thus frozen-stored MT-FPC was sufficiently acceptable and comparable to that of the non-frozen MT-FPC (control). This result showed that the rehydrated and frozen MT-FPC can be used as a food material satisfactorily in spite of physical changes during frozen storage.
  • 内田 直行, 塚山 貴以子, 西井 英一
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 313-321
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two anionic trypsins designated as DI-1 and DII-2 which were two main components in trypsins purified from the pyloric caeca of chum salmon Oncorhyncus keta had a molecular weight of 24, 000 and 238, 000, S0, 20, W of 3.27 and 3.00, respectively, and similar acid compositons to those of mammalian trypsins.
    Their optimum pH of hydrolysis for N-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) were found to be 7.5-8.0 and 8.0, and for casein were 10-11 and over 11, respectively. Both enzymes specificaly hydrolyzed arginine and lysine methyl ester, and reacted with N-tosyl-L-lysine chloromethyl ketone (TLCK) and diisopropylfluorophosphate (DEP) according to a first order reaction mechanism at a rate constant of 2.1-5.8×10-8sec-1, and with soybean trypsin inhibitor (STT) and chicken ovomucoid (COM) at a molar ratio of about 1:1.
    The activities of both enzymes were not effected by any divalent cations, and were unstable at pH below 5 and stable at pH 7-9. This stability at pH 7-9 was increased in the presence of low concentration of Ca2+ (5 mM) and decreased in the presence of EDTA. DI-1 treated completly with EDTA lost about 50% of original activity and markedly decreased stability at pH 7-9. Lost activity was recovered to original activity in the presence of Ca2+ and other divalent cations, however, stability was not.
    These results in the EDTA treatment suggest that DI-1 may hold Ca2+ so tightly that it is unremovable from enzyme by a dialysis and treatment with EDTA for a short time to maintain activity and stability of enzyme at pH 7-9.
  • 坂口 守彦, 村田 道代, 河合 章
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 323-329
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Changes in the contents of free amino acids (FAA) in white and dark muscles of juvenile mackerel scomber japonicus were investigated during ice storage. The alterations of creatine, trimethylamine oxide (TMAO), and volatile base-nitrogen (VB-N) levels were also examined. In white muscle during storage for over 40 days, VB-N rapidly increased in level after about 20 days, indicating the onset of microbial spoilage; no measurable increase was observed in the dark muscle during the entire storage period (8 days). The fresh white muscle contained a large quantity of free histidine (510mg/100g), while a remarkably high concentration of taurine (950mg/100g) was present in the fresh dark muscle. Most FAA, except histidine and taurine, increased in level to certain extents throughout all storage periods. Creatine was present in a higher concentration in the white than in the dark muscle (590 vs. 200mg/100g) but its level remained unchanged in either muscle during the whole storage periods. TMAO existed in a higher concentration in the dark than in the white muscle (77vs. 12mg/100g). The level in the former tissue decreased slightly by 2 day after the beginning of storage but that in the latter showed little change during the entire storage period.
    The increase in the FAA contents during storage was discussed in relation to autolytic chracteristics and microbial spolage of the muscle tissues of juvenile mackerel.
  • 長島 裕二, 野口 玉雄, 丸山 純一, 橋本 周久, 上村 俊一
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 331-334
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A paralytic poisoning case occurred due to ingestion of the ascidian Holocynthia roretzi caught from Ofunato Bay, Iwate Prefecture, in May, 1982. Ascidians were collected from the bay and examined for the contained toxins. The toxins were identified as paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) which were mainly composed of gonyautoxins 1-4, together with gonyautoxin 8 and its epimer. Besides, saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin were detected as the minor components.
    Some ascidians were analyzed for the anatomical distribution of PSP toxicity. Most toxic was the hepatopancreas (the highest toxicity, 1, 400 MU/g), followed by the branchial sac (32 MU/g), genital gland (30 MU/g), testa (20 MU/g), and mantle (19 MU/g).
    It was concluded from these results that PSPs were the causative substances of the poisoning.
  • 中山 照雄, 竹村 浩, 丹羽 栄二, 浜田 巌
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 335-339
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Minced fish (pollock) was mashed by a mechanical mortar and pestle with NaCl and dried egg white. It was packed in the paste container, extruded through the nozzle, and wound round a roll. The paste container was reciprocated by means of the crank mechanism during the extrusion. The specific combination of the reciprocation speed of the paste container and the revolution speed of the roll was adopted, where the extrusion rate was similar to the winding rate. Then the wound minced fish paste was set at 4°Cfor 20 hr and steamed for 5 min. Two types of fabricated minced fish product were manufactured, and their patterns were simulated making use of the graphic computer; where, very good agreements were accomplished. This computer simulation is applicable to the development of new product. One type of fabricated minced fish product showed vertical traverse of the strands, and anotheer showed horizontal traverse. The texture of the latter product was similar to that of “Sea Legs” (imitation crab legs) packed by Sugiyo co., Nanao, Japan.
  • 塩見 一雄, 田中 栄治, 熊谷 純智, 山中 英明, 菊池 武昭, 河端 俊治
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 341-347
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    It is said that, during the thawing of frozen puffer fish, muscle becomes toxic due to the migration of toxin (tetrodotoxin) from toxic viscera and skin. In this study, the extent of toxification of muscle after thawing at 4°C was examined using slowly or quickly frozen puffer fish Fugu niphobles.
    No significant difference in the extent of toxification of muscle was observed between slowly frozen specimens and quickly frozen ones. The muscle of most specimens was found to be toxic (up to 58 MU/g) even immediately after the first thawing. The migration of toxin into muscle from toxic tissues progressed gradually with the time elapsed after thawing; several specimens showed a strong toxicity of more than 100 MU/g after 24 and 48 h from the end point of thawing. The toxicity of muscle at the second thawing was failry low as compared with that at the first thawing probably because of the difference of muscle parts used for toxicity test. In the case of half-thawed specimens, the toxin did not migrate into muscle from toxic tissues.
  • 磯 直道, 水野 治夫, 斎藤 隆英, 大関 文照, 林 慶陽
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 349-353
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The stress-relaxation experiment and the rupture experiment were done with the raw and heated carp meats. The sample with skin exhibited higher values of both elasticity and viscosity than the sample without skin. The rheological parameters except relaxation time depended on freshness of the sample and decreased with standing time. Also, they sharply decreased on heating for 30 min till 50°C and after that, they gradually increased with the temperature. These results suggest that the change of the structure in meat sample completely attained at ca. 50°C. And the gradual increase after 50°C may be attributed to hardening by water-loss accompanied with thermal denaturation of proteins in sample.
  • 石渡 直典
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 355
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 伊藤 慶明, 吉中 禮二, 池田 静徳
    1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 357
    発行日: 1984/02/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 1984 年 50 巻 2 号 p. 361
    発行日: 1984年
    公開日: 2008/04/22
    ジャーナル フリー
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