巻号一覧
50 巻, 5 号
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高橋 幸則, 藤野 博文1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 735-742
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo elucidate the mechanisms of bacterial infection and protection in fish, carps were exposed to changes in water temperature under feeding and fasting conditions and the epiphytic and growth counts of bacteria on the body surface, shin, gill and intestinal tract were investigated. In carps under feeding conditions, hematological properties were also investigated.
When the water temperature was changed while the carps were under feeding conditions, there were significant decreases in the erythrocyte counts, hemoglobin levels and significant increases in the epiphytic bacterial counts on the skin two weeks after the start of the experiment. After three weeks, the administration of pantethine (100mg/kg, b.w./day) to the carps subjected to changes in water temperature resulted in improved hematological properties and decreased epiphytic bacterial counts on the skin and gill, while, these counts further increased in carps given the conventional feed. There was a negative correlation between the hemoglobin levels and the Aeromonas counts on the gill(|ro|=0.3428[r(22, 0.05)]). When the water temperature was changed for two weeks under fasting conditions, there were significant increases in the epiphytic bacterial counts on the skin and gill and also in the bacterial counts in the intestinal tract. The types of bacteria showing significant increases were Aeromonas and Alcaligenes on the skin, Aeromonas, Alcaligenes and Pseudomonas on the gill and Aeromonas in the intestinal tract.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (877K) -
左子 芳彦, 石田 祐三郎, 門田 元, 畑 幸彦1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 743-750
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to make clear the mechanism of the bloom of Peridinium cummingtonii, which periodically occur in summer in Nagase Reservoir, Kochi Prefecture, the conditions regulating encystment of this specises were examined by use of clonal population and a synthetic medium (MW1). The maximum cell concentration was 1×105 vegetative cells•ml-1 in the chemically defined medium (MW1) for about 2 weeks at 20°C, Sexual reproduction was induced in the dinoflagellate Peridinium cunningtonii when late logarithmic phase cells in MW1 medium were inoculated into nitrogen and phosphorus deficient medium.
Sexual reproduction was isogamous and homothallic. Small, naked vegetative cells produced by division of thecate cells acted as gametes. The planozygote retained two red bodies and remained motile for 8-10 days. About 10 days following plasmogamy the zygote became nonmotile, the protoplast expanded, a large red boby appeared and the wall thickened. The theca of planozygote split at the girdle region and the hypnozygote (cyst) was produced.
The cysts were produced under 10, 000 lx illumination at 15°C in N-and P-free medium at the maximum frequency of 70%. The frequencies of encystment of transferring the cell into N-free medium, P-free medium, and fresh medium containing N and P were about 63, 41, and 0%, respectively. Optimum themperature for encystment was 15 to 20°C and optimum light intensity was 5, 000 to 10, 000lx. The dormant cysts were resistant to low temperature. It is strongly suggested that the cysts of P. cunningtonii develope into the seed population for blooms of this dinoflagellate for the next year.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (717K) -
青木 一郎1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 751-758
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMovies of schooling of Gnathopogon elongatus elongatus and small juvenile Mugil cephalus in a tandk were analyzed to examine the distance-dependent behavior which is a principle of the organiza-tion of fish schools. Dynamic properties were determined in the fluctuation of the nearest neighbor distance by using power spectrum information.
Power spectra for the two species had a pattern analogous to each other; the spectral density was greater and flat at the lower frequencies, and decreased approximately in proportion to minus second power of frequency at the higher frequencies. When schools were stable and organized normally, the observed spectra corresponded relatively well to the theoretical results from the assumption of the first order system where a random force was input.
Such a property of the fluctuation of the nearest neighbor distance was consistent in spite of the differences in average distances and directions to the nearest neighbor among species and school sizes. In the two-fish school of Gnathopogon, however, the value of the time constant was greater than in the eight-fish schools.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (468K) -
福原 修, 伏見 徹1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 759-761
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEarly squamation of Hexagrammos otakii was observed on approximately 100 laboratoryreared specimens ranging from 20 to 56mm in standard length (SL). Alizarin staining was used to observe the appearance of scales on the body of different larval stages.
Scales first appeared on larvae 27 to 32mm SL on the anterior portion of the trunk and midlaterally on the caudal peduncle. Sequence of squamation is illustrated and figured. Fully squamated specimens were longer than 53.0mm in standard length.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (466K) -
吉田 英雄, 桜井 泰憲1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 763-769
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFood consumption rate and growth rate of the adult walleye pollock were measured at different temperatures (2-7, 4-10 and 9-15°C), body sizes (33-35, 35-39 and 39-45cm) and foods (juvenile walleye pollock, squid and sandlance).
1. The amount of daily intake indicated peaks at intervals of 5 days.
2. The efficiency of assimilation was almost constant for range of temperature and body size, and for each food item adapted in these experiments. However, the efficiency of dissimilation increased with the increase in temperature.
3. An empirical linear equation was established on the relationship between daily feeding rate (R) and daily growth rate (G) at 2-7°C: G=0.3370R-0.225.
4. Body weight and condition factor increased linearly with increase of ration, but body length increased asymptotically.
5. Estimated food requirements of adult walleye pollock was 1.1% of body weight per day.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (667K) -
河野 勝彦, 青木 宙, 北尾 忠利1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 771-774
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーExcellent protection against vibriosis was provided to ayu Plecoglossus altivelis vaccinated by immersion with 5.32% NaCl solution containing either 0.94 (wet)g/l or 9.4 (wet)g/l of lyophilized cells of Vibrio anguillarum. The duration of protective immunity in fish was at least 113 days. A high level of protection against vibriosis was also demonstrated in fish orally vaccinated with bacterin administered at a rate of 0.94 (wet)g/kg fish/day for 15 days. However, this protective immunity lasted only 50 days after the first administration of vaccine. The serum from fish which had been vaccinated by either the immersion or oral administration did not show detectable levels of agglutinating antibodies against V. anguillarum.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (359K) -
中川 平介, 熊井 英水, 中村 元二, 難波 憲二, 笠原 正五郎1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 775-782
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe nutritional disease of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata caused by feeding on raw sardine Sardinops melanosticta was diagnstically investigated by comparison with fish fed on sand lance Ammodytes personatus as a control. Fish fed on sardine showed retardation of growth, high mortality, and low feed conversion effciency. In the diseased fish, hematocrit value, serum albumin level, and serum lactate level were significantly lowered. The serum contained extremely large amounts of lipoperoxide, which specifically conjugated with lipoprotein of globulin fraction. The electrophoretic belavior of serum protein and liporprotein were considerably changed. Obvious pathological symptoms appeared in the kidney; necrosis of the tubular epithelia and numerical atrophy of the hematopoietic tissue, which would correlate to high ammonium-nitrogen and low urea-nitrogen levels in the serum. Nothing peculiar was seen in the spleen, gills, and digestive ducts.
These results of the diagnostic investigation revealed that the disease caused by sardine feeding was appreciably different from a nutritional one caused by anchovy feeding.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1424K) -
郭 慶老, 田中 昌一1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 783-786
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to elucidate the feeding habit of the species, the condition of stomach, kinds and condition of the stomach contents were examined. Hoki are omnivores, and the range of the food contents is wide, including prochordates, crustacea, molluscs and mesopelagic fishes. In these stomach contents, myctophids and small shrimps are the most abundant ones. Although scales and mud appear in the stomach frequently, it is assumed that scales are the remnants of myctophids, and mud is swallowed into stomach when small shrimps are eaten. Change of feeding habit with growth is observed, and is considered to be connected with the finding that the larger fish inhabit in deeper areas. The diurnal feeding periodicity is not clear. This may be partly due to the fact that the time of the sampling is concentrated in 0600-1400 of the day. The feeding activity is found to be the hghest in autrmn. This may be a pattern of feeding behavior before the coming spawning season in winter.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (279K) -
谷口 順彦, 東 健作, 楳田 晋1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 787-792
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFour progeny groups consisting of two half-sib families were mixed with each other on the day of hatching, and reared throughout the rearing period in the same tank and net-cage. These progeny groups were sampled on 65, 142 and 232 days after hatching, and identified by the isozyme genetic markers. The incidence of lordosis, brachiospondylie and 23 vertebral individuals were remarkably different between a pair of progeny groups of different females. These two types of anomalies appeared independently in one period in one progeny group. As these progeny groups were given common conditions during the period of rearing after hatching, the differences found among progeny groups may be caused by factors before hatching, such as the physiological conditions of eggs and breeders, and genetic factors.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (493K) -
佐藤 要, 宮崎 芳夫1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 793-804
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to determine the depth, tension and configuration of towing cable by simple calcu-lation, the following study was conducted.
(1) Experimental verifications of some assumptions which had been used in studies up to this time, 1-5)
(2) A comparison between the calculated values based on the theory and experimental values of the water tank, and corrections of the values by an approximate calculation and coefficients based on the results,
(3) A computer program for an approximate calculation,
(4) A comparison between the calculated values using the personal computer and the observed values with the field experiments.
(1) and (2) were reported already in references.
Mainly (3) and (4) are studied here. The calculated Values for the towing states by using this program were coincident with the observed values within about ±5% difference.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (697K) -
渡辺 良朗1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 805-814
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPinocytotic ingestion of protein molecules by rectal epithelium cells has been known to occur in teleost larvae and is supposed to have a nutritional role in digestion of food proteins. Morphological and functional changes in the rectal epithelium cells of pond smelt were investigated to clarify their nutritional role during postembryonic development.
The ability of the rectal epithelium cells to ingest protein molecules appeared a few days after hatching, prior to the initiation of feeding. The ability increased thereafter and was maintained for about 200 days till the immature stage of the fish. Throughout this period active pinocytotic features at the base of microvilli characterized the cells. Large supranuclear vacuoles appeared after the commencement of feeding. Food proteins, detected as a homogeneous electron-dense substance, filled the vacuoles of fed larvae. After the stage of gastric gland differentiation, at approximately 50 days, food proteins as well as the large supranuclear vacuoles tended to disppear from the cells. Although the cells retained the ability to ingest protein, no food protein was detected in the cells of juveniles about 80 days old which had functional stomachs. The cells of adult fish did not ingest protein molecules. They showed some invaginations of intermicrovillous plasma membranes but no supranuclear vacuoles. It was concluded that the rectal epithelium cells of larval pond smelt function in protein protein digestion from the stage of initiation feeding up until gestric gland differentiation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2787K) -
ア ラピチウイブラヒム, 清水 千秋1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 815-820
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to find an effective use of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba meal, the study was conducted to examine the nutritional quality and the gorwth promoting effect of the whole body krill meal and the non-muscle krill meal as supplement in the diets of red sea bream Chrysophrys major, Japanese eel Anguilla japonica, and gray mullet Mugil cephalus. The feeding experiments were carried out with test diets supplemented with 5%, 10% and 20% of the whole body krill meal and the non-muscle krill meal. The results showed that the high percentages of the whole body krill meal in the diet resulted in the increments of the body weight which were not significantly different from 5% non-muscle krill meal diet. Hence the non-muscle krill meal had a superior value for fish growth than the whole body krill meal. It is postulated that some factors that promote growth are present predominantly in the non-muscle krill meal. Accordingly chemical analyses such as general composition, amino acid composition and mineral composition of the krill meals and the white fish meal were conducted, however, noticeable difference could not be found between the two krill meals.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (508K) -
ア ラピチエイブラヒム, 清水 千秋1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 821-826
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFollowing the previous study on the nutritional quality of the Antarctic krill Euphausia superba meal on the growth of some fishes, this study was conducted mainly to examine the effects of the various soluble fractions (70% MeOH, acetone, ethyl ether and water soluble fractions) separated from the extracts of the non-muscle krill meal which was subjected to two extraction procedures (MeOH: CHCL3 extraction and 70% MeOH extraction). The growth promoting effect of each soluble fraction was tested by supplementing an equivalent amount separately to the test diets and carrying out 45-day feeding experiment on red sea bream Chrysophrys major and black sea bream Mylio macrocephalus.
The test diets containing the 70% MeOH soluble fraction of the MeOH: CHCl3 extract showed significantly greater growth than the diets containing other soluble fractions. The diet containing 70% MeOH extract also showed substantial gain in weight. The residue portion from the 70% MeOH extraction showed better growth rate than the control diet, which implied the incomplete extraction by the 70% MeOH extraction procedure and the factor being still remained in the residut portion. Based on this bioassay study, a procedure for isolation of the factor that promotes growth in the fish tested is proposed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (475K) -
芝 恵子, 佐藤 孜郎, 佐藤 邦子1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 827-831
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe experiment was performed concerning the physical property, content of polysaccharides, and composition of alginates and metals of the wakame fronds before and after treatment with 3 percent acetic acid solution. The results obtained are as follows.
1) The breaking strength and the stifiness of the wakame fronds rose in a short time by treatment with acetic acid, and after that the rise was hardly observed.
2) The fraction of (WSP) decreased, and the fraction of water insoluble polysacchirde (WIP) inceased after treatment of the fronds with acetic acid.
3) The acid soluble alginate was found a little more in the WSP tha in the WIP, while after treating with acetic acid this alginate increased in the WIP.
4) About 50 to 60 percent of metals bound to polysaccharide of the fronds sliminated by treatment with acetic acid, and the rate of the metals beccame in the order of Na, K, Mg and Ca.
5) It is assumed that the increase of the WIP of the fronds made the fronds stiff after treating with acetic acid, and that the increase was due to the elimination of metals from the polysaccharides by treatment with acetic acid.
6) Sedimentation constants, polymerization degrees, molecular shapes, activation energies and bound water contents of Na-alginate scarcely by treatment with acetic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (450K) -
小林 邦男, 木村 繁夫, 大嶋 雄治1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 833-837
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study has been made of the capability of the sulfate conjugating enzyme system in the liversouluble fraction from goldfish Carassius auratus, to phenol and twenty-one phenolic compounds as follows at various concentrations from 0.00067 to 33.3 mM in reaction media: (1)chlorophenols (o-; p-; 2, 4-; 2, 4, 5-; 2, 4, 6-; 2, 3, 4, 6-; 2, 3, 4, 5, 6-), (2) aminophenols (o-; p-), (3) nitrophenols (m-; o-; p-; 2, 4-; 2, 4, 6-) (4) polyphenols (resorcinol; catechol; pyrogallol), (5) other phenols (p-cresol; o, ó- biphenol; phenolphthalein; phenol red).
The live-soluble fraction showoed fairly high activities of the sulfate conjugation for half of the tested phenols corresponding to 53-116% of that for phenol (246 nmol/h/g-liver), while the negligible conjugation for less than 5% of that for phenol was observed only in three phenols, i.e., 2, 4-dinin-tropenol, 2, 4, 6-trinitrophenol and phenol red. On the other had, some phenols which showed low sulfate conjugation among the tested phenols such as pentachlorophenol such as pentachlorophenol strongly inhibited the fulfate conjugating anzyme system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (330K) -
内山 均, 角田 聖斉, 内田 洋二1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 839-843
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAttempts were made to preserve the gonad of sea urchin Strong ylocentrotus intermedeius by partial freezing in the presence of deoxygeizer, taking peroxide value (POV), thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value and aldehyde as parameters. Changes in flavor and taste, ande tissue deterioration of the gonad were also examined.
POV and TBA remained practiocally unchanged during the 70 - days storage period. The amount of aldehyde increased from 5mg/100g after the storage at - 3°C, the level which seemed not related ot pungent taste.
In contrast to the sea unrchin gonad kept frozen at - 30°C, no tissue deterioration occurred even after 70 - days of the present storage.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1127K) -
福田 裕, 柞木田 善治, 新井 健一1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 845-852
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWhen the chub mackerel Scomberjaponicus was kept in icewater, a decline in freshness proceeded accompanying the changes in toughness, pH and K value of muscle. In most specimens full rigor occurred between 2-28h after death, and the resolution of rigor mortis around 20h after death or later. The pH of muscle was between 6.5 and 7.0 immediately after instant death, but rapidly decreased down to 5.7-6.0 during and after full rigor. The K value of muscle did not exceed 5% during pre-rigor but later increased remarkably with the lapse of time.
Chub mackerel specimens of such different degrees of freshness were stored frozen at -30°C for several months. The effect of freshness on the extent of freeze-denaturation of muscle protein was then studied in terms of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase activity. It was observed that there was much more marked denaturation in hte muscle when frozen during post-rigor (pH<6.0, K>5%) than then frozen during pre-rigor.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (646K) -
橋本 昭彦, 新井 健一1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 853-864
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of temperature on myofibrillar Mg-ATPase activity was studied among several fish species living at different environmental temperatures. The Mg-ATPase was assayed between 1-50°C in both presence and absence of Ca2+ and the velocity of ATP-splitting was obtained from an initial linear phase of the reaction betwwen 20-60s.
For all fish species sutdied, the Arrhenius plot for Mg-ATPase activity in the presence of Ca2+ was non-linear with a break at around 16-18°C whereas in the absence of Ca2+ the plot was linear over the ssame temperature range. However, the temperature dependence of Mg-ATPase activity and its Ca-sensitivity were significantly different among fish species. In particular, the Ca-sensitivity was found to be fully highat around the environmental temperature at which fish live.
From the corresponding Arrhenius plot for Mg-ATPase activity in the presence of Ca2+ over the temperature range of 1-18°C, thermodynamic activation parameters wre calculated. It was thus found that the enthalpy and the entropy of activation were considerably decreased from warm-water to cold-water habitates and the free energy of activation was also relatively low for cold-water fish.
These observed changes are probably an evolutionary response to attain the high catalytic and regulatory efficencies of this enzyme to thermal environments.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (936K) -
坂口 守彦, 河合 章1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 865-867
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe induction of trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) reductase in Escherichia coli grown on fish muscle extracts was investigated. A carp muscle extract containing little TMAO in concentration, allowed the bacteria to acquire high TMAO reductase activity when TMAO was added to the extract. The enzyme activity increase in concentration of TMAO. Chlo-ramphenicol inhibited the augmentation of the enzyme activity by TMAO. suggesting that the enzyme protein was synthesized de novo in bacterial cells. There was a high correlation between the enzyme activity of bacterial cells grown on muscle extracts from several species of fish and from squid and TMAO contents in the extracts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (271K) -
山口 邦子, 中村 孝, 豊水 正道1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 869-874
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe present work was concerned with a pattern of lipid oxidation in round fish and factors controling it. To accomplish the aims, TBA values were determined on various tissues of round fish which were disected into the ordinary and dark muscles and the skin after storage at 5°C for 0 ?? 3 days or at -5°C for 35 days, and on the various minced tissues which had been prepared prior to storage at 5°C for 7days or at - 5°Cfor 14 days.
Lipid oxidation in the fresh and frozen round fishes proceeded in the following order of skin ?? dark muscle> ordinary muscle. Thus preferential lipid oxidation was recognized in the skins of both fatty and lean fishes.
In the minced tissues, however, hte most pronounced lipid oxidation was observed in the dark muscles instead of the skins. This indicated that the preferential lipid oxidation in the skin of round fish might be partially due to aerobic condition of the skin in comparison with the an aerobic condition of the other tissues. Since high values of TBA/kg tissue were observed in the tisues of high lipid contents, TBA/KG tissue was plotted against lipid content. As a result, a high correlation which was significant at 1% level was found among the various minced tisues. Moreover, the stability of lipids in minced tissues, TBA/10 g lipid, was accounted for, not by their fatty acid composition but by their lipid composition.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (431K) -
大泉 徹, 奈良 泰信, 新井 健一1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 875-882
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe protective effect of carboxylic acid and the joint protective effects of Various mixtures, which included carboxylic acids, sorbitol and Na-glutamate on the thermal stability of chub mackerel myofibrils have been studied by measuring the change in hte first order rate constant (kD) for inactivation of its Ca-ATPase.
Plotting the logarithm of kD against the concentration (0-1.5M) of carboxylic acid, a single linear relation was obtained. The slope (E) of the graph of log kD versus molarity of carboxylic acid revealed that the protective effect against the denaturation of myofibrils becomes lower in the order of: Na-citrate, Na-gluconate, Na-malate, Na-tartrate, Na-maleate, Na-fumarate, Na-succinate, Na-frmate. The protective effect of carboxylic acid was thus found to be roughly proportional to the numbers of COOH group in its structural formulas.
The decrease in log kD showed that the joint protective effects were nearly additional for all pair combination selected from among sorbitol, Na-glutamate and carboxylic acids. Consequently, the kD(a+b)=kDa•kDa/kDo assayed in the presence of two compounds can be estimated: the values obtained in the absence (kDo) and presence of compound a (kDa) and b (kDb), respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (631K) -
奥積 昌世, 外山 健三, 山中 英明, 長野 正寛1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 883-888
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFrom 1978 to 1979, outbreaks of a disease in broiler chicks, chiefly manifested as gizzard erosion (GF), were observed in Japan. The GE was caused by feeding high level of fish meal, having some toxic substance formed from free histidine or histamine with protein in the fish meal at heating process. On the other hand, it was also observed that the stomachs of trouts were eroded by histamine in fish meal. It has been considered by the authors of trouts were eroded by histaming in fish meal. It has been considered by the authors that histamine in fish meals might be produced by histamine-forming bacteria during storage of their raw materials.
The present study was undertaken to investigate the species of histamine-forming bacteria in the raw materials of fish meals.
In the raw material (sardine, storage temperature 17°-20°C) collected from the fish meal factory S in July, the N-group bacteria (107-108) were predominant organisms and P. morganii (104-105), Citrobacter (104-105) and unidentified bacteria (104-105) were also found, while in the raw material (miscellaneous, 32°-34°C) collected from the factory K in the same month, P. morganii (107-108) and Citrobacter (107-108) were dominant organisms but the N-group bacteria could not be detected. In the raw materials collected from the factory S (mackerel, 18°-21°C) and the factory K (miscellaneous, 18°-21°C) in October, the N-group bacteria were more than 106, while the other histamine-former groups were less than 104.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (453K) -
冨岡 和子, 遠藤 金次1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 889-892
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRelationship between K value-increasing rate and IMP-degrading enzymatic activity was examined with 14 species of fish muscles. K value-increasing rate determined at 0°C showed marked difference among species, that is, 1.4-5.0% per day in red meat fishes and 0.2-8.4% per day in white meat fishes. IMP-degrading enzymatic activities of muscle homogenates at 0°C pH 6.0, were 28-166 μg Pi per g per day, and were correlative to the K value-increasing rate (r=0.89).
It was also found that found that pH-activity curves of IMP-degrading enzymatic activities were divided into 4 types; 1) red sea bream type, showing no maximum at the range of pH 4.0-10.0, 2) horse mackerel type, showing a maximum at pH 5, 3) CARP TYPE, showing large activity at the range of pH 6.0-8.5, 4) sardine type, showing a maximumat pH 9.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (304K) -
村井 武四, 秋山 敏男, 能勢 健嗣1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 893-897
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn a 6 week rearing experiment, carp fingerligs were fed purified diets with various amino acid compositions which were obtained by changing the ratio of casein ot gelatin from 35:0 to 5:30 at 5% level. Combination of 30% casein and 5% gelatin level with the best weight gain (476%) and feed efficiency (88%). Further increment in the gelatin level with the deterioration in amino acid balance depressed growth and feed efficiency proportionally. Total or efficiency of protein and energy depositions also decreased as the increase of the gelatin level above 5%. Fish fed the diets having the poorest and the second poorest amino acid balance showed severe (25% mortality) and mild (2.5% mortality) gyrodactylosis accompanied with bacterial infection in the first 4 weeks, respectively. Wehereas exxentially no sign of the diseases was observed in the remaining groups. Differences in amino acid balance showed no significant effect on the whole body composition in spite of up to four-fold differences in the final body weights. Highly significant (at least P<0.01) correlation coefficients were obtained between weight gain, feed efficiency, % nitrogen deposition or % energy deposition, and EAA indexes calculated using amino acid compositions of hen's whole egg and of carp's edible portion or amino acid requirements of carp as standard amino acid patterns (for computations both essential amino acid contents and A/E ratios were used). In almost all cases, higher correlation coefficients (P<0.01 vs. P<0.001) were obtained by using A/E ratio.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (413K) -
平田 孝, 田中 芳一, 石谷 孝佑1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 899-906
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDegradation of dried laver packaged in flexible plastic materials depends on the moisture amount permeating through the packaging materials. Computer simulation was conducted to predict the moisture change in dried laver stored in dried laver stored in the package with or with out desiccant.
Water vapor permeabilities of the packaging materials, low density polyethylene and the laminate of oriented polypropylene and low density polyethylene, were in direct proportion to the differences in the partial pressures of water vapor between outside and inside the packages, even if the vapor pressures on both sides were fluctuated. An empirical equation expressing moisture sorption isotherm of dried laver was chosen on the basis of the best available set. A mathematical model of the relation ship between moisture change in dried laver and pakaging conditions was developed based on permeability characteristics of the packages and the sorption equation. Mois-ture chnge in dried laver was experimentally studied under various conditions of packaging and storage. The experimental results was compared with the calculated results obtained by computer simulation using the mathematical model. Experimental value agreed well with theoritical re-sults, indicating that the proposed mathematical model were useful for the predicion of moisture change in dried laver in either a desiccant-free of a desiccant-enclosing packaging system.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (514K) -
高井 陸雄, 渡辺 尚彦, 水沢 進, 長谷川 浩1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 907
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (108K) -
福所 邦彦, 岡内 正典1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 909
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (122K) -
1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 930a
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (87K) -
1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 930b
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (87K) -
1984 年 50 巻 5 号 p. 930c
発行日: 1984年
公開日: 2008/04/22
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (87K)
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