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Volume 50, Issue 8
Displaying 1-26 of 26 articles from this issue
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Kazunari YANO, Tadayoshi ICHIHARA, Akria NAKAMURA, Sho TANAKA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1273-1277
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behavior of chum salmon Onchorhynchus keta was studied using ultrasonic telemetry in the waters off the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido from 1979 to 1981. Certain peculiar escape reactions wereobsered when chum salmon encountered Dall's porpoises. The salmon either dived quickly to the bottom in an apparent move to escape from the porpoise, or continued to swim around at the surface without showing any frantic attempt to swim away from the propoise. When they encountered the porpoise over deep waters (deeper than 100 meters), the salmon usually remained at the surface, but those that came across the porpoise while in shallower waters tended to dive quickly, and steeply, to the bottom.View full abstractDownload PDF (1032K) -
Masahiro MUNEKIYO, Akihiko KUWAHARA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1279-1284
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the spawning season and sex ration of ribbon fish Trichiurus lepturus in the western Warasa Bay from June, 1981 to February, 1983, which were caught by longline, trolling, set net, purse seine and Danish seine. It was found that the spawning season was from June to September and the highest value fo gonad index of both sexes were shown from July to August. In the early spawning season. maturation of gonad was found in large sized fish more than 300 mm of anal length, and maturation made progress in orde of size. Just before the spawning season, schools of larger fish with the sexratio 1 : 1appeared in this area. In the spawning season. females and males dominated the near shore and offshore, respectively. It was suggested that the difference in the distribution of the sexes was concerned with the mating system.View full abstractDownload PDF (405K) -
Akhiko KUWAHARA, Shigeki SUZUKI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1285-1292
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiurnal Changes in Vertical Distributions of Anchovy Engraulis japonica eggs and larvae were studied, in connection with feeding habits of the larvae, in the western Wakasa Bay, Japan Sea, in July and August 1982.
Eggs of the earliest stage of development are found in abundance in the water of about 50m depty. rising up to 0-25m depth and sinking down to about 50m depth during the late stage fo development. While the larvae of less than 4mm BL are confined to waters between 25m and 50 m depth all day, diurnal vertical migration of rather large larvae occur. Namely, the larvae fo more than 6mm BL are present in surface waters in daytime, but by night move downward to about 25m depth.
Main food components of 5-7 mm larvae are copepod nauplii and copepodites, while Paracalanus parvus and Oithona spp. form the principal food for the larvae fo more than 7mm BL.
As the feeding time of anchovy larvae is estimated as daytime and the larvae of more than 7 mm BL have a well expanded gas bladder, it seems possible that the diurnal vertical migration is due to theri feeding habits and functions of gas bladder, developing into active feeding migration as larval growth procceeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Sadao KIYOHARA, Satoru YAMASHITA, Junzoh KITOH1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1293-1297
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA surface staining of taste buds was studied in the minnow Pseudorasbora parva, carp Cyprinus Carpio and blind cave fish Astyanax mexicanus by immersing the tissues in various kinks of staining solutions. The taste pores of buds in the lips, palatal organ and bucal cavity were found to be stained selectively with ponceau S or pontamine sky blue 6B dissolved in trichloroacetic acid solutions. In fresh material the dyes were restricted to only the taste pore regions while in fixed material they penetrated deeply into the buds as well ad into the general epithelium. This surface staining method enables a rapid location and counting of taste buds without preparing histological sections.View full abstractDownload PDF (943K) -
Sadao KIYOHARA, Junzoh KITOH, Satoru YAMASHITA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1299-1304
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe previously reported that ponceau S or pontamine sky blue 6B in trichloroacetic acid (TCA) selectively stains the taste pore region of taste buds in the minnow, carp, and blind cave fish. The present study was performed to elucidate the nature of this selective staining of fish taste buds.
The treatment of the tissues with TCA prior to staining was found to be essential to the visualization of the taste pores. A series of morphological and electrophysiological experiments suggests that the following process takes place: TCA penetrates the apical region of taste bud cells causing coagulation of proteinous substances and a change in the permeability of the apical membrane of the taste bud cells, and the dyes stainapicalpart of buds rather than the extracellular material.View full abstractDownload PDF (2044K) -
Kunio SUZUKI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1305-1315
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIdentification and characterization of leucocytes in two teleosts, rockfish Sebastes schlegeli and rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were performed based on their morphology and phagocytic ability with bacteria, Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus and zymosan particles. Cytochemical test for peroxidase was also applied to the leucocytes.
Light and electron microscopy revealed that both neutrophils and monocytes in the two teleosts actively phagocytized bacteria. Thrombocytes ingested bacteria, but their phagocytic activity was very low.
The process of phagocytosis was observed with neutrophils and monocytes. Fusion of cyto-plasmic granules into phagosomes was observed. Large phagosomes were present in neutrophils but entirely (rockfish) or almost absent (rainbow trout) in monocytes. Cytoplasmic granules in neutrophils of both fishes were positive for peroxidase. The peroxidase reaction product was also observed in phagosomes. Therefore, the process of phagocytosis was considered to be similar to that known with mammalian leucocytes.
The fate of bacteria phagocytized by fish leucocytes differed to that in mammals. At even 12 h (rockfish) or 6 h (rainbow trout) after incubation, bacteria in phagosomes were almost intact and they seemed to be digested slowly compared with those ingested in mammalian leucocytes.View full abstractDownload PDF (4187K) -
Takakazu OZAWA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1317-1321
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe postlarvae of S. australasicus were collected by larva net during 2 cruises in the seas off southern Japan and northern South China Sea (Feb.-Mar. 1973), and East China Sea (Mar. 1982). It was found that they possess distinctive dorsal melanophores just below the origin of body muscle in shoulder throughout the postlarval stage, not seen in the larvae of related species of the western North Pacific, S. japonicus and R. neglectus. The larvae from the East China Sea showed later occurrence of melanophores and smaller body proportions than those from the South China Sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Fumio TAKASHIMA, Claudine WEIL, Roland BILLARD, Laurence W.CRIM, Alexi ...1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1323-1329
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of daily administration of LHRH analogue (D-Ala8-desGly10) LHRH ethylamide in NaCl or propylene glycol for five days was studied on spermiation, plasma gonadotropin and 11-ketotestosterone levels. Daily injection of 10 μg/kg body weight of LHRH analogue in 0.7% NaCl increased the volume of collectable milt, the number of spermatozoa, and serum gonadotropin and 11-ketotestosterone levels. Daily injection of 1 μg/kg in NaCl or 1 μg/kg and 10 μg/kg in propylene glycol did not stimulate these respnses. Theses results indicate that LHRH analogue can stimulate the secretion of GtH from pituitary gland which in turn stimulates androgen secretion and the spermiation in the testis.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Takayoshi UEDA, Yoshio OJIMA, Ryozo SATO, Yoshimi FUKUDA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1331-1336
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe hybrids are obtained by the routine artificial fertilization between a single female rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri and a male brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis. The chromosome spreads from the culture cells of eyed-embryos and fins of the parents and the hybrids. Two eyed-embryos have 72 chromosomes and eight eyed-embryos and fifteen fingerlings have 102 chromosomes, respectively. The individuals with 72 chromosomes (31 M and SM, 3 ST, 38 A) have a intermediate karyotype between the parents. The individuals with 102 chromosomes (53 M and SM, 4 ST, 45 A) are triploid having two genomes of rainbow trout and one genome of brook trout.View full abstractDownload PDF (2453K) -
Yayoi IKEDA, Akira FUJIKATA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1337-1340
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlood samples collected from the caudal vessels of anesthetized (MS-222, 100mg/l) carp Cyprinus carpio (boby weight: about 500g, May, water temperature: 20°C) with 10ml plastic syringe tipped with a 20-gauge stainless steel needle were placed in three plastic tubes, and cen-trifuged after being kept for 0.5, 3 and 24 h at 4C, respectively.
Serum uric acid level and Acid P (EC 3.1.3.2) activity increased with the lapse of time. The mean values of the former were 126.4% (3 h-value) and 149.6% (24 h-value) of 0.5 h-value (100%). Those of the latter were 252.9% (3 h) and 309.8% (24 h). In contrast, potassium level decreased to 75.1% (3 h) and 50.5% (24 h). GPT (EC 2.6.1.2) activity decreased to 82.5% (3 h) and 25.8% (24 h), too. Glucose level decreased slightly, but inorganic P, magnesium and calcium levels increased slightly. Levels of sodium and chloride and GOT (EC 2.6.1.1) activity did not change. Activities of LDH (EC 1.1.1.27) and CK (EC 2.7.3.2) did not show a tendency to vary. The cause of these variations was discussed in terms of the change during the storage of serum, the mobilization between serum and blood cells, and the blood coagulation.
Even if the sample is kept at 4C, it is desirable to obtain the serum as fast as possible after blood sampling.View full abstractDownload PDF (258K) -
Syoiti TANAKA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1341-1347
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. A system model on fishing, migration and survival of the tagged yellowtails after the year of release was developed. The data of tag recaptures after the year of releases of the large-sized fish tagged in 1926 to 1938 period were applied to the model and the rate of disappearance from fishing ground, proportion of fish reappearing next year first to each fishing ground, and natural mortality rate were estimated. Some of these values were compared with the estimates from the same year recaptures.
2. The rate of disapearance during the fishing season was high in Kumano-nada and Tosa Bay likewise the results from the same year recaptures. Discontinuity in the distribution of fish at these points was reaffirmed. Majority of the fish released in Sagami Bay and Kumano-nada reap-peared first to Kumano-nada next year, while the fish released in Kyushu area returned to the same area. Estimates of the natural mortality rate. between fishing seasons ranged from 57% to 70 (M=0.84-1.20) and the weighted mean was 61% (M=0.94). If such factors as tag shedding and tag martality were affecting, these values would be overestimation. For the fish released in Sagami Bay and Kumano-nada, no southward shift of areas of recapture was observed according to the number of years after release. Estimates from the recaptures in second year and in and after third year showed similar values.
3. The fishing rates for the tagged fish after the year of release and some of the rates of disappearance were assumed to be the same as that in the year of release. Even if this was not the case, effect on estimation error of the rate of disappearance would be small. It is possible that the bias of overestimation of the survival rate is as large as 50% but actually such a large bias seems to be unlikely.View full abstractDownload PDF (473K) -
Chin-Lau KUO, Syoiti TANAKA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1349-1355
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe otolith was composed of dark nucleus, light hyaline zones and dark opaque zones when observed in direct light. Pattern of otolith was divided into six types according to the clearness of the hyaline and opaque zones. The comparisons of frequency distribution of types were made and no difference was observed between the NORTHWEST region and the SOUTH region. How-ever, difference was found between the above two regions and the EAST region. The reliability of the otolith for age-determination was discussed. Although the readability varied with total length and otolith types. the corresponding rings showed regularity in positions. Also, the ring radius and the number of rings increased with total length and they are considered to be formed whith the growth of fish. Two independent readings of otolith agreed reasonably. Therefore, the otolith was thought to be usefulfor the age determination of individual fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (1494K) -
Hiroaki HASHIMOTO1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1357-1365
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe numbers of several meristic characters, fecundity and distribution of the sandeel (Genus Ammodytes) population distributed around Japan were studied, in order to know its population structure.
It turns out that the sandeel population around Japan is composed of three brood groups, Group I to III, which are characterized by the Mahalanobis distance, applying the discriminant function method to the meristic counts. These three groups also reveal differences in fecundity, which increases in the proceeding order from Group I to III. Group I is distributed to the north of northern Hokkaido, Group II from off southern Hokkaido to Sendai Bay on the Pacific side and to off Tottori Pref. on the Sea of Japan side, and Group III ranges in the more sounthern seas.
So far, Group I has been classified as a species, A. hexapterus, while Froups II and III have been considered different subpopulations belonging to another species, A. personatus. However, it is difficult to distinguish these forms by their external appearance and their differences in mor-phology and ecology are not substantial enough to assign different species. It is necessary to con-sider if these forms are designated subspecies or not.View full abstractDownload PDF (467K) -
Kinya KANAI, Hisatsugu WAKABAYASHI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1367-1374
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProtease was obtained from the culture filtrate of Aeromonas hydrophila by ion-exchange chromatography and gel filtration. It gave a single band on disc electrophoresis and a single precipitin line on immunoelectrophoresis. The molecular weight was estimated to be 57, 500 by SDS-polyacrylamide electrophoresis, but it was estimated to be 33, 000 by gel filtration. The enzyme was stable at pH 6 to 10, and the optimum pH for the activity was 7.5 to 8.5. The enzyme was stable at 50°C, but 30% of the activity was lost by heating for 1 h at 60°C. Chelating agents, Ni2+, Cu2+. Cd2+, and Hg2+ inhibited the enzyme activity. Carp injected with 200μg of the protease per 100g body weight died, showing extensive hemorrhages in the abdominal cavity. Hemorrhages and necrosis were observed in the guinea-pig skin upon intracutaneous injection of 3.13μg protease.View full abstractDownload PDF (2257K) -
Tsuneo YASUDA, Makoto ENDO, Tadashi SAKAIK, Masao KIMURA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1375-1380
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHistochemical examinations were made on the peroxidase, Mg-ATPase, and malate dehy-drogenase activities in the peripheral granulocytes, hematopoietic tissues and inflamed dorsal muscle tissues, using carp Cyprinus carpio inflamed with the injection of turpentine (1.0 and 0.1ml/kg body weight). The results obtained were very similar in the experiments of both the doses.
In the peripheral blood of the inflamed carp, the rate of the total granulocytes to the ery-throcytes and the rate of the granulocytes showing intense enzyme activities to those showing low enzyme activities begin to increase at 30 min and are in maxima at 2 days after the injection. In the hematopoietic tissues of the inflamed carp, the rate of the granulocytes showing intense peroxidase activity is in maximum at 2 days after the injection. These results may indicate that the granulocytes produced in the hematopoietic tissues are supplied gradually into the peripheral blood. This supply is slow in comparison to mammals. Therefore, the hematopoietic tissues of carps may not comtain large number of the matured granulocytes as seen in mammals.View full abstractDownload PDF (1245K) -
Mikio OGURI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1381-1383
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe Leydig organ, one of the hemopoietic organs of elasmobranchs, is present in the esophagus of dasyatid stingray Dasyatis akajei. However, this organ could not be detected in the South American freshwater stingrays Potamotrygon spp. This histological examination was made on all the serial esophageal sections prepared from six specimens of the freshwater stingrays. In spite of detailed investigation, the Leydig organ could not be detected in the submucous connective tissue of esophagus. Thus, absence of the Leydig organ in the South American freshwater stingrays related closely to the dasyatid stingray is very interesting from the taxonomic point of view.View full abstractDownload PDF (1085K) -
Isao SUGAHARA, Lian Chuan LIM, Kok Kuang HOOI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1385-1393
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn shallow coastal waters of tropical areas, bacteria are believed to play an important role in the recycling of matter. Astudy concerning bacterial population in the tropical coastal waters of the East Johore Strait, Singapore was carried out from May to November 1977.
The viable bacteria was enumerated by the spread agar plate technique; their numbers ranged from less than 1.0×103 to 1.8×105 c. f. u./ml. Pseudomonas, Vibrio and Flavobacterium are the dominant genera in the Strait. They comprised 57.1% of the isolated bacteria.
Most (90.3%) of the 93 strains were asporogenous gram-negative rods and 78.5% required NaCl for growth. Motile bacteria (83.9%) with polar or peritrichous flagella were more plentiful than non-motile bacteria. Almost 42% of the isolates were chromogenic and about 31% could reduce nitrate to nitrite. About 46% of the bacterial strains were capable of decomposing tri-butyrin, 20% could degrade casein, 22% liquefy gelation, and only 12% hyfrolyse starch.View full abstractDownload PDF (517K) -
Hiroyuki YAMAMOTO, Yoshio EZURA, Takahisa KIMURA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1395-1406
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of bacterial parasites and predators, which are enumerated as the plaque-forming units (PEU) and MPN of bacterivorous protozoa respectively, was investigated in the coastal seawater, sediments, plankton, shellfish and on the surface of seaweed. Plaque-forming organisms including bdellovibrio, myxobacteria and amoebae were found in most of the sampleas and their density was affected by both the quality and quantity of bacterial inhabitants. The number of bacterivorous protozoa, flagellates and ciliates, was enumerated by the cultural MPN method established by the authors. Flagellates occurred in most of the samples, but ciliates were observed only in a part of the surface seawater and seaweed. Their distribution was affected by the quantity of prey bacteria. According to statistical analysis, thresholds for growth response or continuance of parasites and predators were found at 102-103 per ml as total viable bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (765K) -
Koichi OKUTANI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1407-1412
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCryptococcus No.7 strain, isolated from sea water, produced a extracellular polysaccharide when grown on media containing sucrose. Purification of the polysaccharide has been accomplished by precipitation with Cetavlon and ethyl alcohol. Purified polysaccharide gave a homogeneous peak in Sepharose 4B column chromatography. Homogeneity of this substance also confirmed by ultracentrifugal analysis and electrophoresis, Chemical analyses showed the absence of aminosugar, amino acid, and protein.
Preliminary structural studies on the polysaccharide suggest that it consists of the eight saccharide repeating unit having xylose, mannose, and glucuronic residues, in the ratio of 3: 3: 2, to which must be added O-acetyl group. Two units of 3-O-(glucopyranosyluronic acid) xylose are present as side chains, and these glucuronic acid residues occur as the terminal end groups. Two residues of (1, 2, 3) linked mannose must be branching points in the main chain.View full abstractDownload PDF (1393K) -
Toru TAKAGI, Kenji HAYASHI, Yutaka ITABASHI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1413-1418
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe acetone extracts from three samples of the hepatopancreas of the poisonous scallops obtained on the Okhotsk Coast of Hokkaido Island were fractionated into two parts, hexane soluble fraction (fraction H) and 85% aqueous ethanol soluble fraction (fraction E) by partition to two layers. The majortoxic components in the mouse assay of “diarrheic shellfish toxin” by intra-peritoneal injection were found to be free unsaturated fatty acids showed the following toxicity in MU per g, 18:1 n-9 35, 18:2 n-6 83, 18:3 n-3 167, 18:4 n-3 83, 20:5 n-3 167, and 22:6 n-3 83, respectively. Toxicity of the fraction Hin MUper g was much lower than that of the fraction E. However, the toxicity of the fraction H per 1 g of the hepatopancreas was about twice that of the fraction E, since the fraction Hwas much more abundant than the fraction E in the hepatopancreas. The method for the assay of the diarrhetic shellfish toxin must be reexamined by considering the toxic effect of the free unsaturated fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (453K) -
Scott MCLEAN, Muneo SAMESHIMA, Teruhisa KATAYAMA, Jiro IWATA, Charles ...1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1419-1423
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis research was undertaken to determine if a rapid and accurate procedure incorporating gas-liquid chromatography could be developed to measure microsomal metabolism of organophos-phate pesticides, i. e. malathion, diazinon, and fenitrothion, in the lives of fish.
Three fish species important to the aquaculture industry of japan, Sarother odon niloticus, Cyprinus carpio, and Seriola quingueradita, were used to provide microsomal preparations in order to observe specific differences in xenobiotic metabolism.
Each assay mixture contained pesticide and bovine serum albumin in a phosphate buffer solution and raw or boiled microsomal preparations. These mixtures were tested fro metabolism of pesticide in the presence or absence of NADPH.
The reaction was allowed to proceed at 30°C for a specific amount of time dependent on the particular fish/ pesticide combination. Unreacted pesticide was extracted and was detected by gasliquid chromatography with a flame-hpotometric detector.
Two different metabolic reactions were detected in the microsomal preparations of the fish tested. Malathion was metabolized by a NADPH independent enzyme system, while diazinon and fenitro-thion were metabolized by a NADPH dependent enzyme system.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Tohru ISHIBASHI, Toshiharu KAWABATA, Masami MATSUI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1425-1429
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe formation of carcinogenic N-nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) and asymmetrical alkyl N-nitroso compounds by reacting nitrite or nitrogen dioxide gas (NO2 gas) wiht asymmetrical tertiary amines (N, N-dimethylglycine, DMGly, 2-dimethylethanolamine, DMEla) and quaternary am-monium compounds (betaine, choline and neurine) have been examined under varying reaction conditions and the results obtained are summarized as follows:
When asymmetrical quaternary ammonium compounds were allowed to react with nitrite in buffer solutions of pH 2.0 or 5.0 at 37° or 90°C, no appreciable amounts of NDMA, N-nitroso-sarcosine (NSAR) and N-nitrosomethylethanolamine (NMELA) were formed. A high rate of NSAR formation was noted from DMGly, and also a high level of NMELA was formed from DMEla when these amines were allowed to react with nitrite in a buffer solution of pH 2.0 at 90°C; in contrast, rates of these nitrosamine formation apparenty decreased when the reactions were allowed to proceed at pH 5.0 and 9°C. Concerning nitrosation reaction of amines occurring with NO2 gas under the conditions simulated to dried squid cooking, no appreciable amount, or lnly trace quanti-ties of NDMA were formed from sarcosine DMGly and betaine, while both sarcosine and DMGly gave yields of more than 1% of NSAR, and that of betaine was about 0.1%.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
Koji HASHIMOTO, Takafumi NISHIKIORI, Ken-ichi ARAI1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1431-1438
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe myofibril suspension (in 0.16M KCI-40mM Tris-HCI, 7.5 or 0.16M KCI-40mM Tris-maleate, pH 5.8) of blue shark and tiger shark was kept at a fixed temperature in the range of 20-45°C with various concentrations of urea and measured for its Ca-ATPase activity with a lapse of time.
In the presence of urea, myofibrillar Ca-ATPase of blue shark inactivated in two first order reactions with an early fast rate (kDf) and subsequently with a slow rate (kDs), whereas the inac-tivation of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase of tiger shark fitted by a single exponential with a rate of kD. Plotting the logarithm of rate constant against the concentration (M) of urea, a linear relation was thus obtained. The slope (D) of the graph of logarithm of rate constant versus urea (M) indicated that myofibrillar protein of blue shark was more susceptible to urea than that of tiger shark.
By introducing an increase in the rate constant as a measure of accelerating effect on de-naturation of myofibrillar protein, multiplying effect by the presence of urea (0.3M), the fall in pH (from 7.5 to 5.8) and an increase in temperature was observed for both shark species.View full abstractDownload PDF (675K) -
Kunihiko FUKUSHO, Masanori OKAUCHI, Siti NURAINI, Akira SUJIGADO, Take ...1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1439-1444
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA minute alga Tetraselmis tetrathele is one of the food organisms which have been intoroduced into Japan recently. T. tetrathele was well evaluated already as a substitute for Chlorella because of the high food value for a rotifer Brachionus plicatilis and its eurythermal characteristic beside the tolerance to high temperature. But, the dietary value of the rotifer cultured with T. tetrathele remains unknown.
Tje doetary value of rotifers cultured with T. Tetrathele (TR) or both T. tetrathele and Chlorella sp. (TCR) was compared with those cultured with Chlorella (CR) by feeding these various rotifers to larval red seabream for 17 days. The rotifers enriched by Chlorella (12-24 hours) after culturing with T. tetrathele (TR-C) was also given to the larvae. The survival rate and the total length of fish fed TR was better than those receiving CR (75.6 and 83.5% vs. 65.1 and 75.6% in survival rate, 7.5 and 8.1 mm vs. 6.5 and 6.9 mm in average T. L.), although there were no significant dif-ferences in body weight. Furthermore, the survival rate and the growth of fish fed TCR or TR-C were superior to the former, i. e., 68.0-80.1% and 8.7-8.8mm in TCR, 74.4-81.1% and 8.5-9.1mm in TR-C. There were no differences in proximate composition of the rotifers with various feeds and treatment. The difference in survival rate and growth among the larvae with different feeds might be due to the difference in the conten of ω3 HUFA. Thepercentage of ω3 HUFA in the lipids of TR, TCR, TR-C, and CR were 12.4%, 20.9%, 20.4-25.4%, and 23.9%, respectively. The amount of ω3 HUFA in the rotifers cultured with T. tetrathele was not enough, but might be the minimum (0.3% in rotifer). The influence of 18:3ω3 included in the rotifer at high per-centage (22.4%) should be studied in future works.View full abstractDownload PDF (463K) -
Takao MATSUNO, Takashi MAOKA, Masaaki KATSUYAMA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1445
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (99K) -
Etsuji KOZASA1984 Volume 50 Issue 8 Pages 1447
Published: August 25, 1984
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (78K)
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