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Volume 51, Issue 1
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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Yoh YAMASHITA, Daiji KITAGAWA, Tsuneo AOYAMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 1-5
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diel vertical movement and feeding rhythm of the larvae of the Japanese sand-eel Ammodytes personatus were examined from the data of 7-8 series of MTD net tows taken through one day-night cycle on 3 cruises in February and March 1981 and March 1982.
MTD net samples demonstrated a size-related diel change in the vertical distribution of sandeel larvae. Larvae less than 5mm in standard length (SL) didn't demonstrate diel vertical migration, but migration became evident in larvae 5-6mm in SL. They exhibited a pattern of vertical migration that was inverse to that commonly observed in other fish. Larvae were remarkably concentrated in 5- and 15-m tows during the day and were mainly caught in 30- and 50-m tows at night. Ascent and descent occurred at dawn and dusk, respectively. The range of diel migration increased with the size of the larvae. The diel changes in fullness of gut in both fieldcollected and reared larvae and the time to empty the gut in the laboratory indicated diurnal feeding activity. The advantage of this unusual pattern of migration is discussed from the point of view of feeding and predator avoidance.View full abstractDownload PDF (348K) -
Susumu KATO, Hiroshi HIROBE, Tokuaki MAEGAWA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 7-12
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of explanation of the difference between red tide and non red tide from sea water parameters, discriminant analysis was applied to monthly observed marine data in the Ise bay from 1977 to 1982 (Red tide group: chl-a ≥50μg/l, non red tide group: chl-a ≤5μg/l). The most heavily weighing factor was COD after calculation, but this factor was trivial because of toodirect effect, therefore, discriminant function (Z) and Mahalanobis'distance (D2) were obtained bystepwise increasing method from seven parameters without COD,
Z=0.276 sal-1.093 DO-7.450pH-1.49Ó PO4-P (1)
D2=7.6403
and factors were selected by above method, pH, sal, DO and PO4-P in the order named. Z is interesting formula, for it constructs oceanographical and eutrophic factors. In order to confirm validity obtained discriminant function, Eq. (1) was applied to observed data from 1980 to 1983. As the result of calculation, satisfactory result was obtained, and probability of miss classification was about 0.1-0.05. Moreover, this method was applied to group of diatoms and dinoflagel-late plankton. Obtained discriminant function and D2 were
Z=α•PO4-P(α=const.), D2=0.4098 (2)
and this function was valuable according to the F-test. The importance of PO4-P was reaffirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (418K) -
Yayoi IKEDA, Hiroto OTA, Akira FUJIKATA, Akira KAKUNO, Masashi MAITA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 13-20
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of blood stirring on various plasma constituent levels of blood samples collected from the caudal vessels of anesthetized (MS-222, 100mg/l) carp, Cyprinus carpio (body weight: about 500g) with a plastic syringe tipped with a 20-gauge stainless steel needle were investigated.
Ten or a hundred time-stirring of blood samples by manual inverting at 60 times per minute did not affect the plasma levels of total protein, albumin (by BCG method), glucose, urea-N, total cholesterol, inorganic phosphate, magnesium, GOT, GPT, LDH, LAP, CK, Al-P and Acid P. But Acid P activity was increased or decreased by 300 time-stirring.
With the blood smear stained with the Leishman-Giemsa stain, effect of 5 time-stirring on morphological change of thrombocytes and leucocytes was not recognizable. But their deformity or karyolysis were observed frequently in case of 50 time-stirring.
The contamination of plasma with thrombocytes or leucocytes increased plasma levels of GOT, GPT, LDH, Acid P, CK, calcium, magnesium, inorganic phosphate, especially Acid P activity.
The inorganic phosphate level of plasma collected by a plastic syringe was significantly higher than that by a glass syringe. GOT and Acid P activities changed indifferently to the quality of syringe.
Light blood stirring does not affect the plasma constituent levels, but caution must be taken in selecting the material of blood sampling appliances.View full abstractDownload PDF (498K) -
Iwao HIDAKA, Tadashi OHSUGI, Yoshifumi YAMAMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 21-24
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe sensitivity of the palatal receptors of young yellowtails Seriola quinqueradiata to extracts of animals were studied by recording the electrical neural responses from the anterior palatine nerve.
The palatal receptors responded to amino acids, betaine, and nucleotides and related sub-stances. Of the 20 amino acids tested, proline had the lowest threshold of around 10-6 M. The threshold for tryptophan, the next most effective amino acid, was around 10-4M, while many amino acids were ineffective at 10-2M and thus, a relatively narrow amino acid response spectrum was seen at 10-2 M. Among the effective nucleotides and related substances were adenosine, inosine, AMP, ADP, ATP, IMP and UMP. Sodium salts of fumaric acid, malic acid and succinic acid, and urea and other nitrogenous excretory substances were ineffective at 10-2M. Sucrose at 0.5M was also ineffective.View full abstractDownload PDF (333K) -
Kiyohiko ISHII, Hiroshi YABU1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 25-28
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytological observations were carried out for 3 species of Gadidae, Theragra chalcogramma, Gadus macrocephalus and Eleginus gracilis, each of which was collected around the coast of Hok-kaido, Japan. The testes, gill tissues and fins were examined. The chromosome number was estimated as 2n=44 in both sexes of T. chalcogramma and in a female of G. macrocephalus, but 2n=26 in a female and a sex-unknown individual of E. gracilis. Karyotype analysis from gill tissue indicated to have 10M+4ST+30A in T. chalcogramma, 10M+10ST+24A in G. macrocephalus, and 22M+4A in E. gracilis. The chromosome complement obtained from the gill tissues, showed that the chromosomes of T. chalcogramma and G. macrocephalus were generally somewhat thicker than those in E. gracilis. In both sexes of T. chalcogramma, no specific chromosome could be detected.View full abstractDownload PDF (659K) -
Kazuyuki TESHIMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 29-31
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to estimate the size at maturity of Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus, daily changes in the gonadosomatic index (GSI) were examined for both male and female cod by size class during the six-month period from July to December. Gonads used for the present study were taken from 1, 899 individuals of cod sampled during Japan-U. S. cooperative groundfish surveys conducted in the Bering Sea in 1981 and 1982. Based on the data in November and December when GSI in both sexes showed a rapid increase, the percentage of maturing population by fork length was obtained. The result indicates that 50
percent maturity was reached at about 60cm for male and 62cm for female cod from the eastern Bering Sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Ko MATUDA, Nobuo SANNOMIYA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 33-39
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA computer simulation was carried out in order to confirm the propriety of a mathematical model of fish behavior proposed by the authors. The model parameters had been estimated on the basis of the data of the water tank experiment performed previously. The present simulation test was done corresponding to another water tank experiment whose trap configuration was dif-ferent from the previous one. We considered the following three types of trap model; the trap net without leader net, the trap net with a leader net and a single mouth, and the trap net with two mouths. The rates of entering, escaping and remaining of a 5 fish group were compared with a satisfactory result between the water tank experiment and the corresponding computer simulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (441K) -
Ichiro HARA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 41-46
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAcoustic and aerial survey was carried out during 1981-1983 in the area where a big catch of sardine Sardinops melanosticta has been taken. From the echo sounder survey, sardine schools keep at a depth between 10-20m (sometimes even deeper) during day time and the size of most
sardine schools ranged between 10 and 20m. On the other hand, the longest sardine school dimensions ranged mainly from 20-40m and more than 100m was scarcely observed by the scanning sonar survey. During aerial survey, more than 293 schools were easily observed and identified because sardine swam in the shallower layer described above. On the contrary, the horizontal dimensions of school ranged mainly from 20-200m during the aerial survey. These values taken
from the acoustic and aerial survey were different. The difference may be caused by the avoidance of the ship. The aerial survey technique is effective to study fish schools in nature when the fish commonly migrate to the near-surface. Although the efficiency of the aerial survey was seen, it is necessary to make synchronized air-and ship-borne observations in future.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Kazumasa UEMATSU1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 47-53
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of drugs on the tonus changes of ovarian smooth muscles of tilapia Sarotherodon niloticus were studied on isolated preparations. Excitatory action of acetylcholine was abolished by atropine and enhanced by neostigmine, indicating the presence of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on smooth muscle cells. The cholinergic contractions of the ovary were inhibited by the beta adrenergic action of sympathomimetic amines (isoprenaline, adrenaline and noradrenaline), since their inhibitory action was abolished by a beta adrenoceptor antagonist, propranolol. After an application of propranolol, the excitatory alpha adrenergic action of the amines, except isoprenaline, was uncovered, indicating that alpha adrenoceptors are also located on them. Both field and paravascular nerve stimulations activated cholinergic excitatory nerves and caused ovarian contractions, since the contraction was blocked by atropine and tetrodotoxin. From the present results, excitatory cholinergic innervation of the tilapia ovary was confirmed. However, no conclusive evidence to show inhibitory adrenergic innervation was obtained.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Gultneh SOLOMON, Katsumi MATSUSHITA, Makoto SHIMIZU, Yukio NOSE1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 55-62
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the age and growth of rose bitterling, length frequency analysis and scale and otolith readings were attempted. Of the three methods, the reading of daily otolith growth increments was found to be the most reliable.
From two holding experiments it was found that the mean number of increments approximates the number of days between samplings, and this is taken as direct evidence to show that the increments are of a daily nature. From increment reading data, back calculated calendar birth dates were assigned to all the fish sampled, and it was found that their birth dates varied widely ranging from April to October. Age and body-length relationships varied widely among fish of different birth dates. Fish born in spring and summer showed faster initial growth while those born in late summer or autumn showed relatively slower initial growth. Estimated growth from daily growth increments for fish born in June is 39mm SL in one year and 43mm SL in 1.7 years. Observed growth offish born in June and grown in the laboratory was close to the estimated growth of the fish. Most of the individual fish sampled were an age of not more than two years, and it is concluded that the life span for the majority of the individuals would not exceed this by much.View full abstractDownload PDF (784K) -
Effects of Cultivation Temperature, NaCl Concentration and pH on the Growth of Pasteurella piscicidaShinichi HASHIMOTO, Aiichiro MURAOKA, Shigeru MIHARA, Riichi KUSUDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 63-67
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral reports have been published on the cultivation conditions for Pasteurella piscicida, which are necessary for producing highly effective bacterins for the control of pseudotuberculosis in cultured yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. This report describes the effect of cultivation temperature, NaCl concentration and pH on the growth of two P. piscicida strains, 5866 and U-3, isolated from yellowtail. Todd Hewitt Broth was used for the examination of cultivation temperature, and a culture medium composed of polypeptone, yeast extract and NaCl was used for the examination of NaCl concentration and pH.
Growth of strains, 5866 and U-3, was observed at a temperature range of 15 to 32.5°C. The optimum temperature range was 22.5-30°C. NaCl at 0.5-5% was necessary for the growth of both strains. The optimum NaCl concentration for strain 5866 was 1-2% and for strain U-3 was 1-2.5%. Both strains grew in a pH range from 5.56 to 8.57. The optimum pH range was 6.47-7.24 for strain 5866 and 6.47-7.93 for strain U-3.View full abstractDownload PDF (319K) -
Mitsumasa MANKURA, Mitsu KAYAMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 69-74
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe syntheses and hydrolyses of wax esters and cholesterol esters in the plasma and hepatopancreas of carp were compared with those of blue crab, crayfish and man. The incorporations of both [1-14C]palmitic acid and [1-14C]cetyl alcohol into wax esters as well as of [4-14C]cholesterol into cholesterol esters in all the plasma were observed. Comparing the substrates, [I-C14]cetyl alcohol was more remarkably incorporated into wax esters than [1-14C]palmitic acid. And also wax esters and cholesterol esters were synthesized by the hepatopancreas preparations of blue crab and crayfish.
The hydrolyzing activities of cetyl [1-14C]palmitate, [4-14C]cholesteryl oleate and glycerol tri[1-14C]palmitate in every plasma were examined, and it was found that the activities in plasma were much lower than those in hepatopancreas.
Since large amounts of [1-14C]cetyl alcohol are incorporated into wax esters of plasma, it is suggested that a kind of enzyme, which catalyze the transfer of fatty acids in lecithin to the acyl moiety of wax esters, might be present in the plasma. Such enzyme would be tentatively called lecithin: alcohol acyltransferase-type.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Takayuki NAKAGAWA, Fumio NAGAYAMA, Susumu HORIE1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 75-78
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn extracellular proteinase of Pseudomonas sp. (strain L-1), one of the lytic factor against the cells of Vibrio anguillarum, was purified from the culture supernatant by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by a combination of column chromatography with P-cellulose and Sephadex G-100.
The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 51, 000 by the gel filtration method.
The proteinase showed maximal activity toward casein at pH8.5 and 42-47°C. The enzyme was relatively unstable to heat, and was inactivated when heated at 50°C for 10 min.
The enzyme activity was significantly inhibited by metal chelating reagents, such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid and o-phenanthroline.
The sites of cleavage in the oxidized insulin B-chain with the enzyme from strain L-1 were similar to those with other alkaline proteinases from microorganisms.
From the results obtained, the proteinase from strain L-1 were presumably classified as an alkaline metalloproteinase.View full abstractDownload PDF (221K) -
Seiichi HAYASHI, Zentaro OOSHIRO, Takao ITAKURA, Yasuji MASUDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 79-85
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLactate dehydrogenase was purified from the eel liver. The molecular weight of the enzyme was determined to be 33, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. After starch gel electrophoresis the lactate dehydrogenase of the eel liver was seen at the same position of lactate dehydrogenase of the eel heart. The liver lactate dehydrogenase was most resistant to temperature compared to that of liver, heart, and skeletal muscle enzymes. The optimum concentrations of pyruvate and lactate of the eel liver enzyme were 1 and 25mm, respectively. These values were lower than those of skeletal muscle lactate dehydrogenase. In the presence of 1 rust pyruvate and NAD+ the activity of the liver lactate dehydrogenase was inhibited by 70 %, whereas the activity of the skeletal muscle enzyme was inhibited only by 9 %.
These results suggest that the lactate dehydrogenase of the eel liver was heart type. The role of the lactate dehydrogenase on gluconeogenesis in the eel liver was also discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (651K) -
Chiaki KOIZUMI, Toshiaki OHSHIMA, Shun WADA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 87-90
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPreservative effect of NaCl in salted and dried fish products was studied. Salted and dried sardine Sardinops melanosticrus meat with NaCl added at various concentrations was stored at 25°C for 8-11 days under atmospheres which were controlled at aw 0.95 and 0.93. During storage, volatile basic nitrogen (VB-N) of the samples were determined as a spoilage indicator. The sample was judged to be stale, when its VB-N increased above 100 mg/100 g on dry basis which is equivalent to 30 mg/100 g on wet basis in the case of fresh fish meat with moisture content of 70%.
As a result, a high correlation was found between the aw and the shelf life of sample; the lower the aw the longer the shelf life. The aw of the sample was also highly correlative to NaCl contention (NaCI content×100/moisture content + NaCI content); the higher the NaCl concentration the lower the aw. From these results, it was suggested that the preservative effect of NaCl in salted and dried fish products was caused by the action of lowering aw, and not by the bacteriostatic action on growth of putrefying bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (223K) -
Haruo SUGITA, Toshinori FUSHINO, Ken OSHIMA, Yoshiaki DEGUCHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 91-97
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQualitative and quantitative investigation was performed on the bacterial populations in the water and sediment of the culture ponds rearing carp and goldfish from May 1982 to March 1983. Microflora in the water and sediment was diverse, and major components in the water were Acientobacter, Moraxella, Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium-Cytophaga, Vibrio-Aeromonas, Enterobacteriaceae, Bacteroides type A and other Bacteroidaceae. In addition to these bacteria, major bacteria in the sediment consisted of coryneforms, Bacillus, Micrococcus and Clostridium. Obligate anaerobes were further classified as follows: Bacteroides, 15 species; Fusobacterium, 3 species; Clostridium, 18 species; Peptococcus, 1 species; Peptostreptococcus, 2 species and unidentified strains. It was suggested that the difference of the microflora between glass aquaria and culture ponds may mainly depend on the diversity of the environment for bacterial populations.
Total aerobic bacteria including facultative anaerobes were 103 to 105ml-1 and 106 to 107g-1 and total anaerobic bacteria were ⟨2×101 to 104ml-1 and 103 to 106g-1 in the water and the sediment, respectively. Total anaerobic bacteria were found to correlate with water temperature or COD.View full abstractDownload PDF (485K) -
Akihiko HASHIMOTO, Ken-ichi ARAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 99-105
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFirst order rate constants (KD) for inactivation of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase from several fish species and rabbit were measured at various pHs (5.1-7.6) and at various temperatures (1-50°C). The ARRHENIUS plots for most KD thus obtained were found to be linear. Moreover, as pH falls, whole linear plots shifted to lower temperature range, and the slope became more gentle. In fact, the plots at pH 5.8 and pH 5.4 for myofibrils of skipjack tuna (warm water fish) nearly coincided with those at pH 7.6 for sardine (temperate water fish), and for atka mackerel (cold water fish). Thermodynamic activation parameters for the inactivation decreased with pH fall, though the proportions of ΔH≠ as well as ΔS≠ varied considerably and C varied somewhat.
In contrast, at lower pH than 6.1 for temperate and cold water fishes, 5.4 for warm water fish, and 5.2 for rabbit myofibrils, ARRHENIUS plots consisted of two linear regions with a break in the slope at around 16-23°C. Since such a plot over lower temperature range had a rather gentle slope, a reduction of denaturation rate was accomplished more effectively by neutralization of acid than by lowering temperature.
From these results, a possible rate and degree of denaturation of myofibrillar proteins was discussed in relation to post-morten change in muscular pH and variation of storage temperature of these fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (562K) -
Reiji YOSHINAKA, Mamoru SATO, Joji MORISHITA, Yoshiaki ITOH, Masao HUJ ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 107-111
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS°No carboxypeptidase A activity was detected in the extract of pancreas of the cafish Parasilurus asotus. However, when the extract was left at 4C, carboxypeptidase A activity increased with the time and reached to a maximum level after 4 days. These results indicate that carboxypeptidase A is stored as zymogen in the pancreas.
Carboxypeptidase A was isolated from the autoactivated extract of the catfish pancreas by CM-cellulose column chromatography and affinity chromatography. The homogeneity of the enzyme was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated as 34, 000 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The amino acid composition of the catfish enzyme was found to be similar to those of the carboxypeptidases A from other species.View full abstractDownload PDF (488K) -
Reiji YOSHINAKA, Mamoru SATO, Joji MORISHITA, Shizunori IKEDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 113-116
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarboxypeptidase A from the pancreas of the catfish Parasilurus asotus was found to have pH optimum of 7.5 and to be stable around pH6.0. The enzyme was strongly inhibited by EDTA, o-phenanthroline, and L-cysteine. The enzyme contained zinc as a constituent. The activity of the enzyme inactivated by EDTA was regenerated completely by the addition of ZnCl2. These results indicate that the enzyme is a metalloenzyme which requires zinc for activity. The enzyme was found to act on peptides containing L-phenylalanine, L-tyrosine, and L-leucine as COOH-terminal group.
These results indicate that the catfish enzyme is closely related to carboxypeptidases A from other species.View full abstractDownload PDF (272K) -
Seiichi HAYASHI, Zentaro OOSHIRO1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 117-120
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGluconeogenesis from lactate and pyruvate in the isolated liver cells of the silver eel was about 2.5 times higher than that in the yellow eel liver, but gluconeogenesis from alanine in the silver eel liver was not different from that in the yellow eel liver. O2, consumption and the incorporation of CO2 in liver cells of the silver eel were increased by the addition of 14C-lactate by 1.5, and 5.3 times higher than those in the yellow eel. There was no increase of O2 consumption in the liver cells of the silver eel by the addition of14 C-glucose, and the incorporation of 14C-glucose into CO2 was one tenth of that in the yellow eel. The addition of 14C-palmitate did not increase O2 consumption in the liver cells of the silver eel, but the incorporation into CO2, was about 2 times higher than that in the yellow eel liver.
From these results it is suggested that lactate and alanine were utilized as a substrate for gluconeogenesis and an energy source in the liver cells of the silver eel, respectively. It is also suggested that the utilization of glucose and palmitate as energy source was low in the silver eel liver.
Ketogenesis in the silver eel liver was lower than that in the yellow eel liver. Acetoacetate production in the silver eel liver was one fifth to that of the yellow eel liver.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
Sekio KANOH, Tamao NOGUCHI, Junichi MARUYAMA, Shunichi KAMIMURA, Kaneh ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 121-125
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 15 specimens (8 males, 7 females) of the pufferfish Fugu stictonotus (“gomafugu”) were collected from Kuji, Miyako, and Funakoshi Bays, Iwate Prefecture, and examined for anatomical distribution of toxicity by the standard assay method using mice.
The frequency of toxic specimens was 87% for skin, 86% for ovary, 43% for bile, 33% for liver, and 27% for digestive canal contents. One out of the 15 specimens possessed toxic muscle.
The highest toxicity scores recorded were 3, 300MU/g liver, 2, 700MU/g ovary, 1, 000MU/g digestive canal contents, 660MU/g skin, etc.
This, along with the finding that the northern Kyushu specimens were endowed with nontoxic to weakly toxic livers and ovaries, suggests a wide local variation in the toxicity of F. stictonotus.View full abstractDownload PDF (243K) -
Masayoshi OGAWA, Esmerino de Oliveira MAGALHAES-NETO, Eliandra Maria d ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 127-131
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere is little information as to the black discoloration related to frozen lobster, because of the negligible incidence of this phenomenon. However, when the refrigeration machine is out of order on board, it noted that large volume of lobster tails has been lost by melanosis here in Northeastern Brazil.
It is very important to acquire a better knowledge on the relationship of technological facts between melanosis and freezing, storing and thawing.
Live injured lobsters whose enzymatic reaction process could reach certain advanced stages under slow freezing rate were observed to have occurrence of darkening in spite of low storage temperature at -20°C. Melanosis was inevitable for lobsters once injured in the live state in the process of storing and thawing.
However, quick freezing showed better effect of preventing discoloration in comparison with slow freezing owing to slower enzymatic oxidation, and thawing must be under relatively low temperature. While, lobsters died without anything injuries show nothing problem of darkening.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
Ki-Wei WANG, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Takeshi WATANABE1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 133-140
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were conducted twice, Experiments I and II, in order to determine an optimum dietary protein level for Tilapia nilotica by feeding them with casein diets containing corn oil as a lipid source.
Daily feed consumption was found to be affected by dietary protein or cellulose levels. With an increase in the amount of dietary protein, feed consumption decreased, thus the growth rate was better in the fish fed on the diet containing 30% protein than those fed on the 40% protein diet.
Effect of dietary cellulose levels on the feed consumption was great in the case of low protein diets. The best growth rate was obtained in the fish receiving the 30% protein diet, when its digestible energy (DE) level was sufficient for the fish. The amount of DE and nitrogen intake required for their maximum growth is estimated to be around 12-13 kcal and 160-170mg/l00g body weight/day, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Ki-Wei WANG, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Takeshi WATANABE1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 141-146
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to determine the relationship between dietary protein levels and feeding rates, apparent digestibility of nutrient and an optimum ratio of digestible energy (DE) to protein (P) in the diet by feeding Tilapia nilotica with diets containing various levels of DE and protein.
The results showed that the optimum ratio of DE/P was 140-150, and that an optimum dietary protein level required for the maximum growth was 25%, when the feeding rate was 3.5% of fish body weight per day.
Apparent digestibility of dietary protein, carbohydrate and lipid in Tilapia nilotica was higher than 90%. But, feed consumption together with apparent digestibility of carbohydrate was decreased with increase of dietary cellulose levels.
The dietary DE for Tilapia calculated by using values of 4.5, 4.0 and 9.0 kcal/g for respectively protein, carbohydrate and lipid based upon digestibility of these nutrients'was found to be almost the same as those determined by the direct method.View full abstractDownload PDF (312K) -
Yoshio ONOUE, Koji NOZAWA, Kazumi KUMANDA, Kenji TAKEDA, Takayuki ARAM ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 147
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (913K) -
Yoshihiro OCHIAI, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages 149
Published: January 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (101K) -
1985 Volume 51 Issue 1 Pages e1
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (22K)
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