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Volume 51, Issue 10
Displaying 1-28 of 28 articles from this issue
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Yoh YAMASHITA, Daiji KITAGAWA, Tsuneo AOYAMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1599-1607
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA field study was carried out from January to April in 1981 and 1982 to estimate the effects of predation of the hyperiid amphipod Parathemisto japonica on larvae of the Japanese sand eel Ammodytes personatus in waters off the northeastern coast of the main island of Japan. The degree of vertical co-occurrence was similar during the day and at night and P. japonica fed on the larvae throughout the day. Overlap of the horizontal distributions of the two species increased from January to April. The proportion of sand eel larvae in the total stomach contents of P. japonica varied monthly in the range of 0-8.2% on a dry weight basis. The density of sand eel larvae decreased more markedly in the area where P. japonica occurred in greater abundance. Preliminary estimates of the rate of daily loss of sand eel larvae caused by the predation yielded figures of 0.1% for January, 3.3% for February, 2.8% for March, and 45.2% for April, closely associated with changes in the size and degree of overlap of distribution of the two organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (636K) -
Kazuo UCHIDA, Kenji NANBA, Shiro MURACHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1609-1612
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIsometric twitch of lateral musculasture by electrical stimulation was examined using rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri 105-365g in weight. Fish were restrained on an experimental apparatus, and perfused through the mouth with oxygenated fresh water. The suitable electrode positions at which electrical stimulation evoked a maximal twitch tension and a normal tail beat were selected: an anode and a cathode were inserted directly into the muscle or placed on the body surface, at the lateral line between the posterior limit of the operculum and the anterior limit of the base of the dorsal fin, respectively. The twitch tension increased with the elevation in stimulating voltage to a maximum at around 10-30 V by 2 ms square pulse using surface electrodes, and at around 4-20 V by 3 ms square pulse and at around 5-35 V by 0.005 ms square pulse using needle electrodes, and maintained approximately maximum at a stimulating voltage of up to at least 50 V. Therefore, the supramaximal stimulation has been shown to be applicable to development of a maximal twitch tension.View full abstractDownload PDF (342K) -
Akira FUJIKATA, Yayoi IKEDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1613-1618
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the mechanism that the blood coagulation time in stressed fish decreases below normal level, relation between blood coagulation and thrombocyte was studied in carp Cyprinus carpio (body weight: about 300g). Blood samples were collected from caudal vessels of unanesthetized fish with a syringe tipped with 20-gauge needle.
One ml of the citrated blood was added with 0.1ml of adrenaline (1, 10 and 100μM) or noradrenaline (0.3, 3.0 and 30μM) and incubated at 23°C for 10min. Ten and 100μM adrenaline decreased plasma recalcification time (PRT). Noradrenaline had less effect than adrenaline.
When 0.1ml of the α-adrenergic receptor antagonist: phentolamine (0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100μM) or the β-adrenergic receptor antagonist: propranolol (0.1, 1.0, 10 and 100μM) were added to citrated blood before adding 10μM adrenaline, the effect of 10μM adrenaline was blocked by the phentolamine (1.0, 10 and 100μM) but not by the propranolol. TenμM adrenaline was effective to decrease PRT on thrombocyte-rich plasma, but not on thrombocyte-poor plasma and blood samples from stressed fish.
PRT decreased with the increase of thrombocyte number. Prothrombin time was not affected by these catecholamines.
These results suggest that thrombocyte participates in the intrinsic blood coagulation with the increase of its number and blood catecholamine level, particularly adrenaline, in the blood of stressed fish reacting to the adrenergic α-receptor.View full abstractDownload PDF (2567K) -
Minoru TOMIYAMA, Hiroyuki SUDO, Masanori AZETA, Masaru TANAKA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1619-1625
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA starvation experiment and diet successive sampling were carried out to quantify the diet feeding rhythm and the daily ration of O-group crimson sea bream Evynnis japonica in Shijiki Bay, northwest Kyushu, from June to July in 1981 and 1983. Changes of stomach-contents weight in the starvation study were well applied to both exponential and square root models, with no significant difference in fitness. Evacuation rate of smaller fishes was found greater than that of larger fishes.
The diel feeding rhythm was determined by MORISHITA's (ELLIOTT and PERSSON's) method to estimate food consumption using the gastric evacuation rate gained from the starvation experiment. There were three peaks in feeding activity: morning, noon and evening, with the largest peak occurring at noon time. The daily rations were 5.6 and 5.5% of body weight per day in 1981 and 1983 respectively.
Clear differences were found in main food organisms and the diel feeding rhythm between the present species and the red sea bream, Pagrus major, a closely related species. The main food of the former was Polychaeta, whereas that of the latter was Gammaridea. The feeding time of day when fishes feed most actively was observed at noon for the former, while at dawn and dusk for the latter. We presumed that these differences would serve to reduce the interspecific competition for limited food resources between two related species cohabiting the same nursery ground.View full abstractDownload PDF (578K) -
Daiji KITAGAWA, Kazunori KURODA, Yoshinari TSURUTA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1627-1630
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe morphological features and the distribution of eggs and prelarvae of the brown hakeling Physiculus maximowiczi are presented based on specimens obtained from field and laboratory studies. The eggs are buoyant, spherical and colorless, and have an oil globule. The diameter of eggs and oil globule ranged from 0.93 to 1.00mm and from 0.25 to 0.30mm, respectively. The prelarva of 1.70mm in total length has a wide pigmented band on the dorsal part throughout the body except for the notochord tip. In the caudal part there is a pair of melanophore patches on both the dorsal and ventral parts. Such pigmentation occurs in the late stage of the embryo development and is very characteristic. Also, it is distinct enough to discriminate the eggs and larvae of the brown hakeling from the Pacific mackerel and threadfin hakeling which are collected with the brown hakeling in the same area and period. The eggs and larvae were mainly distributed in the eastern part of the Izu Islands and along the Boso Peninsula, central Japan, which is situated in the inner region of Kuroshio Current.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
Katsuaki NASHIMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1631-1637
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDredges used in catching the Japanese surf clam Pseudocardium sybillae are known to cause damage to the shells during the dredging process. This is an important problem because clams resources are considerably affected.
In this paper, various factors causing damage to shells during dredging are analyzed. Also, considering the fact that the shell is damaged by collision with the teeth of the dredge while the dredge is being towed. The collision probability of the Japanese surf clams with teeth of the dredge was calculated using such variables as the shell shape, size, distance between dredge teeth, width of teeth and relative position between shells and teeth. Various sized surf clams caught by the dredge were collected and examined for data.
The probability of a shell colliding with the teeth of the dredge can be expressed as a function of distance between the teeth and the shell length. The damaged shell caught by the dredge can be considered to be in proportion to this collision probability.
It was found that 10 percent of the shells are damaged when the clams collide with the teeth of the dredge while the dredge is being towed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1172K) -
Yukinori TAKAHASHI, Toshiaki ITAMI, Atsushi NAKAGAWA, Hiroyuki NISHIMU ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1639-1643
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vitro antibacterial action of oxytetracycline (OTC) against Vibrio sp., the effective dose in vivo and the therapeutic effect in the field using trial tablets containing OTC were investigated to establish measures for elimination of a disease caused by Vibrio sp. which is epidemic in cultured kuruma prawns.
The minimal inhibitory concentration of OTC against 49 strains of Vibrio sp. were <0.1-12.5 mcg/ml. The optimum dose of OTC tablets in vivo was assumed to be 25 or 50 mg/kg b.w./day of OTC. Administration of 50 or 100 mg/kg b.w./day of OTC in tablet form for 4-6 days to prawns with the disease in the field showed excellent therapeutic effects at both doses.View full abstractDownload PDF (1146K) -
Toyoji KANEKO, Isao HANYU1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1645-1650
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the whole aspect of the annual reproductive cycle of the chichibu-goby Tridentiger obscurus, we examined the seasonal gonadal changes of adult fish caught from its natural habitat, and the participation of underyearling fish in repoduction under laboratory conditions.
Seasonal changes in GSI and gonadal histology of adult fish indicate that the annual reproductive cycle can be divided into four phases: the resting period in September and October (phase 1), the period from November to February when yolk vesicles appear in ovaries and testes are in moderately active spermatogenesis (phase 2), the period in March and April when yolk globules are accumulated and spermatogenesis is further activated (phase 3), and the spawning period from May to August (phase 4).
The underyearling fish come to mature within the spawning period in which they have been born, only if they grow to a critical size in time. The critical total length is estimated to be 35mm in females and 45mm in males.View full abstractDownload PDF (2036K) -
Gultneh SOLOMON, Makoto SHIMIZU, Yukio NOSE1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1651-1657
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRose bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus gained most of its annual growth in both length and weight from April to early autumn, with little or no growth during winter. The growth rate was highest in the younger fish groups, and, the mean daily growth rate in weight was 0.015%, 0.011%, and 0.006% per day for 20-30mm, 30-40mm, and greater than 40mm SL fish groups, respectively. The decline in the growth rate with size is clearly marked in spring and summer when growth was most rapid.
Seasonal changes in biomass and production occur, and in general, biomass and production are maximum in summer when growth is also maximum. The monthly mean individual weight range was 784-1, 230mg. The monthly mean biomass was 11.7-35.0kg for a 200-meter shoreline. The daily production range was 85-689g/day. The monthly production range was 2.4-16.3kg/month and the total annual production for a growth period of 209 days was 61.3kg for the above mentioned area or 307kg/hectare.
It is concluded that, in summer, as a result of recruitment, the population size increases and higher individual weight due to the high growth rate during this season results in higher fish biomass and production.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Aiichrio MURAOKA, Shinichi HASHIMOTO, Riichi KUSUDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1659-1663
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPasteurella piscicida is the causative agent of pseudotuberculosis in cultured yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata. Preservation of the bacteria without genetic changes, especially in pathogenicity, is essential not only for bacteriological and pathological studies but also for the production of highly effective bacterins for the control of the disease.
This report describes the survival and pathogendcity of P. piscicida preserved by freeze-drying. Freeze-drying media, prefreezing methods, and storage temperatures were investigated. Freeze drying media with a serum base were assessed. Prefreezing was carried out in liquid N2, solid CO2 with ethanol, solid CO2, and in a freezer (-20°C). The freeze-dried bacteria were stored at 25, 4, -20 and -80°C. Virulence of the control bacteria was maintained using fish passages where the bacteria were injected into yellowtail and recovered on media. For the pathogenicity assessment, fish were infected by the waterborn route in sea water. Freeze-dried bacteria were recovered from the ampoules and cultured in media, then added to sea water.
The results showed mist desiccans was the most effective drying medium with high survival for 6 months after preservation. The mist desiccans contained 3 parts calf serum and 1 part nutrient broth with 7.5% galactose and 0.5% NaC1. Prefreezing method and storage temperature below 4°C did not affect the survival. However, storage at 25°C decreased survival at 6months after drying. Pathogenicity was maintained for at least 6 months after freeze-drying.View full abstractDownload PDF (436K) -
Kiyoshi ASAHINA, Isao HANYU1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1665-1670
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rose bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus, Cyprinidae, a spring and summer breeder, was monthly captured and exposed to various photoperiods at 25°C during the breeding season. It was demonstrated that, starting from July, gonadosomatic indices (GSIs) were reduced at short photoperiods i.e. photoperiodism involved in the gonadal activity was developed. In a longterm rearing experiment, the photoperiodic involvement was found to develop in female fish prevented from spawning as well as in the fish keeping cyclic ovulation and oviposition. Low temperatures delayed both development and manifestation of the photoperiodic involvement. These results suggest that the photoperiodism develops in relation to continuation of full maturity in the fish or some sort of fatigue accompanying the continuation.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Takashi MAOKA, Masaaki KATSUYAMA, Nobuyuki KANEKO, Takao MATSUNO1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1671-1673
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe carotenoids from the carapace, flesh, and eyes in the antarctic krill Euphausia superba were investigated.
The total amounts of carotenoids in the carapace, flesh, and eyes were found to be 1.13mg/100g, 1.06mg/100g, and 90.82mg/100g, respectively.
Astaxanthin diester(55-64%), astaxanthin monoester (25-35%), astaxanthin (7-8%), and unknown carotenoids (3-4%) were isolated from those three organs. Each astaxanthin fraction consists of the three stereoisomers. (3R, 3'R)-astaxanthin (1) (62-71%) existed as a major component along with(3R, 3'S; meso)-astaxanthin (2) (11-14%) and (3S, 3'S)-astaxanthin (3) (16-26%).View full abstractDownload PDF (178K) -
Teruo NAKAYAMA, Osamu MIZUNO, Eiji NIWA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1675-1679
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSardine fibers were produced from round sardine including skin, bone, and guts. Essential points of manufacturing process are Polytron grinding and extrusion. Heat coagulated fiber, acid coagulated fiber, and acid-heat coagulated fiber were manufactured. Heat coagulated fibers could be produced only from NaCl added materials. These fibers were thick (2.6mm or more in diameter), exhibited unsuitable appearance, and their shear values were small. On the manufacture of acid coagulated fiber and acid-heat coagulated fiber, fibers produced from NaCl-free material exhibited larger shear values than fibers produced from NaCl added material. Both of them were thin (approx. 2mm in diameter) and exhibited suitable appearance. Among acid coagulated fibers and acid-heat coagulated fibers, sodium arginate added fibers (5 to 10% concentration) possessed most suitable texture (slimy but crunchy). These fibers were thin (approx. 2mm in diameter) and exhibited beautiful smooth appearance. Suitable texture brought about by sodium arginate was due to large shear value and high moisture.View full abstractDownload PDF (2244K) -
Minoru SATO, Nobuhiro KANNO, Yoshikazu SATO1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1681-1683
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the strongly acidic fraction of the muscle extract of abalone Haliotis discus hannai, an unique compound which showed very weak ninhydrin reaction was detected by paper electrophoresis. It was isolated by ion exchange chromatography, and inferred to be D-rhodoic acid: N-(D-1-carboxyethyl)-taurine from the results of elemental analysis, NMR, ORD and IR spectro-metries. This inference was confirmed by synthesis. It is very interesting to note that the structure of this compound is similar to that of octopine, alanopine and strombine, which are referred to as “opine”.View full abstractDownload PDF (218K) -
Yoshiaki AKAHANE1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1685-1691
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Vacuum-packed kamaboko” and “casing-stuffed kamaboko” were prepared from the frozen “surimi” of Alaska pollack ground with 2.5% of NaCl and 20-35% of water. The released water, the expressible water and the hardness by texturometer were measured as the inspection factors of physical properties of these kamaboko during storage at 5°C up to 40 days.
“Vacuum-packed kamaboko” released increasingly rather high level of water during storage, compared with “casing-stuffed kamaboko”. Setting of ground meat paste at 5°C (so-called “suwari”) before heating at 90°C accelerated the increase of released water from “vacuum-packed kamaboko” during storage. The released water diminished by re-heating at 90°C for 5-25 min after vacuum-packing, whereas in accordance to the periods of re-heating the hardness of kamaboko tended to decrease.
The expressible water of both “vacuum-packed kamaboko” and “casing-stuffed kamaboko” changed little during storage and was maintained at the same level.
Besides, the hardness of the kamaboko showed a tendency to increase during storgae at 5°C for 40 days.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Nobuhiko TANAKA, Motohiko SUGIYAMA, Michiyo MURATA, Akira KAWAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1693-1696
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fate and metabolic rate of dissolved proteinous nitrogen in the sea and lake bottom mud were studied using 15N-labeled Chlorella protein. The relationship between the metabolic rate of nitrogen and bacterial flora concerning nitrogen cycle in the bottom mud was also studied. Turnover rates of dissolved proteinous nitrogen in the bottom mud were 4.0%/h in September in Mikawa Bay, 2.2%/h in March in Mikawa Bay and 2.5 %/h in November in Akanoi Bay, respectively. The 43-84% and 8-14% of metabolized proteinous nitrogen were incorporated into particulate and ammonium nitrogen, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (318K) -
Motoi MATSUURA, Ken-ichi ARAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1697-1704
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was made on the filament formation of tilapia myosin and its biochemical activities such as actin-activation of Mg-ATPase and of superprecipitation of myosin.
Tilapia myosin filament formed in vitro under physiological condition (0.1M KCl, pH 7.0) was found to be only 1/3 in length compared with rabbit myosin filament. The length of tilapia myosin filament was not largely affected by the dilution speed of KCl concentration nor by forming temperature.
On the other hand, Mg-ATPase and superprecipitation activities of tilapia myosin were not fully activated even with an equal amount (by weight) of F-actin, whereas both activities of rabbit myosin were strongly activated by much less F-actin; i. e. 1/4-1/3 the amount of myosin.
It is therefore conceivable that formation of the short filament specific to tilapia myosin closely correlates with its poor actin activation of Mg-ATPase and superprecipitation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1506K) -
Hiroshi OGATA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1705-1711
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistributions of free amino acids and ammonia in plasma and erythrocytes of carp Cyprinus carpio after feeding of a casein-gelatin diet were examined to clarify physiological role of the erythrocytes in inter-organ transport of amino acids. Postprandial changes in contents of arginine, lysine, and methionine in the plasma were highly correlated to those in the whole blood, while those in the erythrocytes were not. Even when these contents in the erythrocytes reached to the maximum values, these were still less than 10% of the whole blood. Highly significant correlations were detected between levels in the whole blood and plasma or erythrocytes on the following amino acids: isoleucine, leucine, tyrosine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, and histidine. At the peak levels, contents of tyrosine, phenylalanine, and tryptophan in the erythrocytes represented approximately 40% of the respective values in the whole blood. Change of ammonia content in the whole blood was more highly correlated to that in the erythrocytes than that in the plasma. The erythrocyte ammonia content expressed as a percentage of the whole blood content rose from 45 to 85%. in accordance with the increment in the whole blood ammonia content. These results indicate presence of three types of inter-organ transport of free amino acids in carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (470K) -
Satoshi KANOH, Shugo WATABE, Toshihiko TAKEWA, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1713-1716
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMyosin, reconstituted actomyosin and myofibril were prepared from the requiem shark Triakis scyllia, and their urea-resistibilities were measured at 25°C, taking Ca2+-ATPase activity as a parameter.
In the absence of urea, both the reconstituted actomyosin and myofibril showed about 10 times as high a resistibility as myosin, the magnitude which was clearly less than that with the carp, 18-20 times.
In 1.4 M urea, on the other hand, the reconstituted actomyosin and myofibril exhibited a higher resistibility than myosin. The magnitude was 4-6 times with requiem shark, in contrast to less than 2 times with carp, suggesting a species-specificity of requiem shark myofibrillar proteins.View full abstractDownload PDF (308K) -
Tooru OOIZUMI, Tetsuhiro KURODA, Ken-ichi ARAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1717-1722
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe protective effects of various components found in water extract from fish muscle on thermal stability of chub mackerel myofibrils have been studied by measuring the change in the first order rate constant (kD) for inactivation of its Ca-ATPase.
Plotting the logarithm of kD against the concentration of component, a single linear relation was obtained. Judging from the sign of the slope (E) of the graph of log kD versus molarity of component revealed that the effect on the denaturation of myofibrils of some components such as acidic amino acids, threonine, aminobutyric acid and the others were protective whereas that of pheylalanine, leucine, creatine, methionine, betaine and the others were accelerative.
The variations in log kD showed that the cooperative effects were nearly additional for all the combinations selected from the components cited above. Consequently the effect can be demonstrated as the following equation:
kD(1+2+3+ ?? +n)=(kD1•kD2•kD3 ?? kDn)/(kD0)n-1
where kD0 and kD1, kD2, kD3, ??, kDn show the inactivation rate constants in the absence and presence of various components, respectively. The n is the number of the components mixed with myofibrils.View full abstractDownload PDF (529K) -
Toshiko MITSUHASHI, Aritsune UCHIDA, Yuzaburo ISHIDA, Hajime KADOTA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1723-1726
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith the intention of making clear how the bacterial spores germinate under different pH and temperature conditions, the volumetric change of the cells during germination was investigated by the Coulter counter method.
After heat-activation at 70°C for 10min, spores of Bacillus subtilis were inoculated into Demain's media at pH 3 to 9, and incubated at 30, 40, and 50°C with shaking.
The increase in spore cell volume after 2h of incubation at 30°C at pH 7-9, 5-6, and 3-4 was 18, 12, and 30%, respectively. The dependence of volume change on pH appeared more clear at 40°C. The increase of the spore volume at pH 5-9 at 50°C was not so large than at pH 5-9 at 30 and 40°C, on the other hand, large increase in the spore volume was obtained at pH 3-4 at 30, 40 and 50°C.
It was speculated that increase in spore volume at pH 3-4 was caused by physicochemical expansion of spore coat in the acidic environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (252K) -
Tamao NOGUCHI, Joong Kyun JEON, Junichi MARUYAMA, Yukinori SATO, Toshi ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1727-1731
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 70 specimens of the trumpet shell Charonia sauliae (“boshubora”) were collected at eight places in Kagoshima Prefecture in October 1983 through May 1984. Their digestive glands were removed and examined for toxicity by the assay method of tetrodotoxin (TTX). Remarkable regional and individual variations in toxicity were noted. On the whole, the ratio of toxic to total specimens was 43%, the highest and average toxicity scores being 1, 670 and 81MU/g digestive gland, respectively.
Trumpet shell toxin was identified as TTX from thin-layer chromatographic and electrophoretic behaviors, along with GC-mass spectrum.
Small pieces of a starfish Astropecten scoparius which were found in the digestive canal of some specimens showed a toxicity of 8-30MU/g, suggesting the involvement of this starfish in toxification of the trumpet shell.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
Yoshikazu YAMAMOTO, Masayo INOUE1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1733-1735
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with the protective effect against acute cadmium toxicity in rainbow trout previously acclimated to cadmium solutions at low concentrations.
Four groups of thirty-five fish weighing about 4g, which bad been held in tap water, concentrations of 0.0007, 0.003, and 0.009ppm cadmium solution for 15 days, were transferred into 0.14ppm cadmium solution. Toxicity curves clearly showed that fish previously acclimated to 0.003 and 0.009ppm cadmium solutions survived longer than control fish. Previous exposure to 0.0007ppm cadmium solution prior to toxicity testing had little or no effect on acute cadmium toxicity.
These results suggest that acclimation of rainbow trout to sublethal concentrations of cadmium has a marked effect on their lethal tolerance to cadmium.View full abstractDownload PDF (243K) -
Munehiko TANAKA, Yuji NAGASHIMA, Takeshi TAGUCHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1737-1742
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCanned mackerels were thermally processed at three different temperatures (110°C, 115°C, 120°C) to attain the equal lethality (F0=5.65), and their quality was compared. The amounts of liquid and its oil portion did not vary with the sterilization conditions. The formation of curd was more significant when heated at higher temperature, while the amount of adhesion was slightly decreased with increasing sterilization temperature. Ratios of water soluble, TCA soluble and salt soluble nitrogen to the total nitrogen of canned mackerel were constant irrespective of thermal processing conditions. Chemical quality of canned mackerel with the equal lethality was compared mainly from the standpoint of non-enzymatic browning. From the losses of glucose and available lysine in canned mackerel, it was suggested that the non-enzymatic browning reaction had been initiated during the sterilization process, but in vitro digestibility was not affected. TBA value of canned mackerel meats did not vary with the sterilization condition, whereas acid value was slightly higher at lower processing temperature. The thermal processing at higher temperature resulted in firmer meats, however the vertebrae of canned mackerel became more softened at lower processing temperature.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Yoshito TANAKA, Yoshihito ITO1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1743
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (73K) -
Takehiko MANABE, Minoru TANDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1745
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (115K) -
Hiroko NARITA, Kaichiro WATANABE, Masato NARA, Tamao NOGUCHI, Kanehisa ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1747
Published: October 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (100K) -
1985 Volume 51 Issue 10 Pages 1753
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (24K)
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