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Volume 51, Issue 4
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Akinori HINO, Reijiro HIRANO1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 511-514
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTemperature given at the time of fertilized (resting) egg formation in the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis was discussed, from a point of view that it may cause great difference in bisexual reproductivity among the deriving strains.
Fertilized eggs were produced at five temperatures (17, 20, 25, 27 and 30°C) in sea water. Neonates from the eggs were employed as stem mothers of respective experimental strains. Every strain consisted of isogenic individuals through keeping parthenogenesis, which was ensured by the individual culture in 0.1ml sea-water medium. Media were renewed at regular intervals of 12, 24 or 36 hours at 30, 25 or 20°C respectively in order to prevent the accumulation of metabolites which is an exciting cause of bisexual reproduction.
The temperature given in the process of fertilized egg formation determines the bisexual reproduction pattern of deriving strains. Among the strains derived from the fertilized eggs which were produced at high temperature over 25°C, the appearance rate of mictic females has no relation to temperature. Among those, however, derived from the eggs originating in low temperature below 25°C, it varies inversely with temperature below 25°C, but not affected above 25°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (231K) -
Eduardo F. BALART1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 515-519
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOsteological development of the hyobranchial apparatus was described from a series of 18 cleared and stained specimens of Engraulis japonicus. First cartilaginous structures to form are cerato-epihyal in the hyoid bar (2.62mm SL) and ceratobranchials in branchial skeleton (4.89mm SL). Supporting structures of epibranchial organ, that is epibranchial 4 and 5, show common origin from 4th arch and ultimately separate through ossification of epibranchial 4. Development of five basibranchial cartilages as well as cartilaginous hypobranchial 4 are transient characters exhibited during the larval stage. Branchiostegal rays develop by 15.00mm SL although adult complement is reached consistently by 32.00mm SL. Gill rakers appear first on ceratobranchials (10.50mm SL) and finally on infrapharyngobranchials and epibranchial organ.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Tadahisa SEIKAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 521-527
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of feeding periods of Brazilian Artemia salina nauplii on the appearance of albinism in juvenile flounder P. olivaceus was examined. Flounder larvae were initially reared with only rotifer Brachionus plicatilis to 5.57mm TL. Artemia salina nauplii were given to floun-der larvae on four different feeding periods from 5.57mm to about 16.1-18.7mm TL (complete metamorphosis). Rotifer was also used for the diet. Albinism on juvenile flounder (16.1-18.7mm TL) were classified based on their albinic portions. Feeding with Artemia from the earlier stages (5.57mm and 8.67-8.86mm TL) resulted in the especially high frequency occurrences of albinism 97.0-97.6%, and the albinic portions extended over almost all of the ocular side. Feeding with Artemia from later stages (10.21-10.43mm and 12.98-13.23mm TL) reduced those of albinism (83.5-82.9% and 22.9-24.1% respectively), and their ablinic portions restricted to rather limited part of ocular side. These results suggested the close relationship between albinism oc-currence of juvenile flounder and giving a particular kind of food during larval stage.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Age and Growth of Japanese Spanish Mackerel in the Central and Western Waters of the Seto Inland SeaTatsu KISHIDA, Kazuo UEDA, Kameji TAKAO1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 529-537
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAge, growth and maturity of Japanese Spanish mackerel Scomberomorus niphonius were investigated based on 583 specimens collected from commercial landings, from May 1981 to June 1983, in the central and western waters of the Seto Inland Sea.
Scales near the pectoral fin were used for analysis. The time of annulus formation was approximately during May and July.
The mean fork lengths at each age and sex were compared by means of two methods of estimation, viz. the actual measurement of the specimens collected from May to July and the back-calculation. The results indicate discrepancies between the two procedures in both sexes at age I and in female at ages 2 and 3. The divergence at age 1 is presumably attributed to an inaccurate body-scale relationship used in the back-calculation. VON BERTALANFFY growth equations derived from the mean observed fork lengths (mm) at each age are as follows: Males: Lt=804[1-exp{-0.908(t-0.105)}], Females: Lt=1011[1-exp{-0.518(t+0.222)}].
The oldest male was 4 and female 6 years old, respectively.
The spawning season of this species was found from May to July, and the maturity was attained at age 2.
Length-weight relationships divided into four periods depending on the condition of maturity of the two sexes are: April: W=4.214⋅10-7⋅L3.434, May and June: W=1.054⋅10-5⋅L2.943, July: W=4.273-l0-5⋅ L2.713, From August to January: W=5.686⋅10-5⋅L2.676, where W=weight in grams and L=fork length in millimeters.View full abstractDownload PDF (1869K) -
Kunihide KITOH, Mikio OGURI1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 539-542
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA histological investigation was made on the differentiation of ventricular compact layer in the rainbow trout heart and the following results were obtained. First appearance of the compact layer was in the larval fish (2.1-2.7cm in body length) at the developmental stage immediately after yolk absorption. At this stage, the compact layer was detected in the area between bulbus arteriosus and atrio-ventricular junction. With further development, the area of the compact layer extended gradually toward apex. In the postlarval fishes of 2.8-3.0cm, the extended compact layer was detectable also at the apex area. Finally, in the postlarval fishes of 4.2-4.6cm, the compact layer completely covered the whole outer surface area of heart ventricle. At this stage, the compact layer was composed of coarse myocardial bundles and occasionally observable capillaries.View full abstractDownload PDF (1820K) -
Masao TAKAHASHI, Shiro MURACHI, Shinpei MORIWAKI, Satomi OGAWA1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 543-548
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of examining behavioural adaptability of teleosts to changing environments, an attempt was made to discriminate an instrumental feeding response with a light signal by continuing reinforcement in its presence and by discontinuing it in its absence, in 6 bluegill sunfish. Discrimination was eventually formed in all the fish, with a great individual variation. The number of sessions (each including 9 presentations of the signal) required for the formation ranged from 1 to 40 sessions. It was also revealed that the target response was very soon discriminated in the fish which had acquired the response easily in a formation process and also were emitting it at rather low rate in free operant situation, prior to the present conditioning of discrimination. Levels at which the fish emitted the feeding response seemed to relate to the amount of “resistance to extinction”, possibly leading to a difficulty of the discrimination formation in the fish with the higher level.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Haruyasu KIMURA1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 549-555
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen the members of a crawl, the pipes, ropes and nets are fouled with acron barnacles in the sea, the hydrodynamic resistance increases and the crawl is broken under condition where the seas are rough.
In this paper, laboratory tests were conducted to determine the hydrodynamic resistance of pipes and plane nets which were fouled with the acron barnacle.
The drag coefficient (CD) of barnacle covered pipes placed at a right angle to the stream was 1.1 where the range of the Reynolds numbers were between 2, 000 to 40, 000. This result suggested that the boundary layer flow separated at the same point because the surface of the pipe was very rough.
The drag coefficient (CD) of barnacle fouled plane nets placed at a right angle to the stream depended on the ratio of the solid area to the total area of the net ( ?? ) rather than on the Reynolds number. That is where CD=0.85/(1- ?? )2 at ?? <0.35 or CD=2.01 at ?? ≥0.35.View full abstractDownload PDF (1781K) -
Yoshioki OOZEKI, Reijiro HIRANO1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 557-572
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purpose of the present investigation is to describe the effects of short-term temperature changes on the development and survival of eggs of the Japanese whiting Sillago japonica. Before the measurement of thermal tolerance, the normal developmental stages from fertilization to hatching were described and divided into 27 stages. Temperature changes were brought about by transferring eggs from seawater at an incubation temperature of 24.0°or 27.0°C to seawater at shock temperatures of 10°, 15°, 20°, 24°, 27°, 32°, 34°, 36°, 38°, 40°, or 42°C and them maintaining the eggs at the shock temperature for 15 minutes. Dropping the temperature from 24°C to 10°C had no effect on the developmental process. But the elevation of temperature affects development particularly during two periods, namely, “from fertilization to blastula” and “from middle gastrula to formation of optic vesicles”. During the latter period, the minimum shock temperature after which 50% of eggs hatched normally had a comparatively high value for the second spawning period, and dropped in value for the third and final spawning period.View full abstractDownload PDF (2649K) -
Hiroshi OGATA, Shigeru ARAI, Blanca Mas ALVAREZ1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 573-578
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFree amino acids and related compounds in whole body of juvenile European eel Anguilla anguilla were determined to elucidate the relationships between levels of free amino acids and dietary protein level, protein intake or protein deposition of the fish. The eel were fed with the diets having seven levels of protein (0.3, 11.5, 21.8, 32.7, 43.8, 54.5 and 64.4%) at 25°C for six weeks. The protein source of these diets was casein fortified with L-forms of crystalline arginine, istidine, lysine, methionine, cystine, threonine and tryptophan. The total contents of free essential amino acid gradually rose as the protein intake increased, and a positive and significant correlation was observed between these parameters. On the other hand, the contents of free nonessential amino acid and ninhydrin reactive substance were more strongly correlated with the levels of protein deposition than those of dietary protein or protein intake. Free amino acids affected by the dietary treatment were as follows: threonine, α-amino-n-butylic acid, cystathionine,
leucine, phenylalanine, ornithine, lysine, arginine and proline, of which the contents were positively and significantly correlated with the levels of dietary protein and protein intake. Whereas, the contents of aspartic acid, glutamic acid, alanine, methionine, tyrosine, β-alanine, histidine and asparagine showed stronger positive correlation with the levels of protein deposition than those of protein intake. Unlike these amino acids, negative and significant correlations were observed between the dietary protein levels and the serine contents, and the protein deposition levels and the taurine contents.View full abstractDownload PDF (427K) -
Eiji NIWA, Yasuo MAKINODAN, Teruo NAKAYAMA1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 579-582
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn heating actomyosin (AM) solution from various fish species at 60°C, low molecular phenol reagent-positive substances were slowly liberated. However, a remarkable liberation was induced also by the addition of 0.4% (w/v) sodium dodecylsulfate (SDS) to the solution. On heating the solution under the presence of SDS at this temperature, the liberation was completed within 30 minutes. SDS did not influence the blue coloration of tyrosine with phenol reagent.
The unheated AM solution was treated with chloroform-methanol (2: 1), and fractionated to the protein fraction, water-soluble fraction and oil fraction. The last two fractions were phenol reagent-positive, and the water soluble fraction agve a ninhydrin positive test. The phenol reagent-positive substance in the oil fraction was identified as α-tochopherol.
From the above results, it was suggested that the AM molecule included large quantities of phenol reagent-positive substances, such as amino acids and α-tochopherol, among its subunits, and that it released them during heating.View full abstractDownload PDF (297K) -
Michiko SHIMOMURA, Juichiro J. MATSUMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 583-591
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSShimesaba (acid-salt curing) is a traditional Japanese fish processing where mackerel fillets are cured in vinegar after salting. In shimesaba, acid-salt cured muscle acquires a peculiar palatable texture. Experiments were carried out to clarify the nature of the changes in texture. Changes in muscle proteins were examined for the possible major factor of the texture changes. Five hours after adding 10% NaCl, mackerel muscle were soaked in rice vinegar at 4°C for 15h and 50h and were submitted to sensory tests. Muscle cured in vinegar for 50h were harder and more fragile than those stored for 15h. As a model of shimesaba, the mackerel fillets (1.5cm thick) were stored in 4% acetic acid-2% NaCl solution at 4°C for 7 days, and were submitted to the tests for firmness, fracturability and fragility, and the analysis of the proteins by SDS-PAGE at various storage periods. For control, fillets were stored by adding 2% NaCl or without any treatment. Firmness by texturometer test and fragility by author's disintegration method increased by acid-salt curing. SDS-PAGE patterns showed that proteins of acid-salt cured muscle were decomposed into fragments with smaller molecular weights during storage. Actomyosin and water soluble proteins extracted from the muscle underwent similar decomposition after acid storage. Decompositions of the proteins were proved as attributable to the acid proteinases in muscle which had been activated at the acidic pH's. The texture changes of the acid-salt cured mackerel muscle were attributed to the decomposition of the proteins due to the function of the proteinases activated at the acidic pH of the curing.View full abstractDownload PDF (2364K) -
Kenji HAYASHI, Ken-ichi KAWASAKI1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 593-597
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lipid compositions of the livers of two species of gonatid squids, Berryteuthis magister and Gonatopsis makko, caught in the Japan Sea, were investigated.
The livers yielded 22.4% lipids for B. magister and 28.0% for G. makko, each of which contained an unusually high percentage of diacyl glyceryl ethers (49.1% and 69.5%, respectively) and small amounts of steryl esters (24.0% and 16.0%), triglycerides (7.1% and 0.9%) and phospholipids (8.6% and 3.5%).
In the two species, the component glyceryl ethers were reasonably similar in composition, consisting mainly of saturates (64.6-70.1%) and monoenes (27.7-33.0%) of 14-22 carbon atoms for the alkyl moiety. The principal components were as follows: 16:0 (58.3-58.5%), 18:1 (23.2-27.7%), 18:0 (4.0-7.6%), and 20:1 (3.4-4.1%). In both species, the fatty acid compositions of diacyl glyceryl ethers consisted predominantly of monoenes with 18:1 acid (28.2-46.6%) as the main component.
For B. magister, few differences were found in the percentages of the component fatty acids among the lipid classes of diacyl glyceryl ethers, steryl esters, triglycerides and phospholipids; and for G. makko few differences were found among diacyl glyceryl ethers, steryl esters and phospholipids.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Kunio KOBAYASHI, Yoshiko NAKAMURA, Nobuyoshi IMADA1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 599-603
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study has been made of the toxicity, absorption and metabolism of fenitrothion [O, O-dimethyl O-(3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl)phosphorothioate; Sumithion] in tiger shrimp Penaeus japonicus, as the first step to elucidate the cause for the occurrence of its high toxicity to the shrimp.
The 24-h LC50 value of fenitrothion for tiger shrimp was about 1 ppb, while that for fish was roughly 6ppm. After 0.5-24h exposure to 0.5 ppb [14C] fenitrothion, [14C]fenitrothion and its metabolites accumulated in the shrimp were extracted with benzene and separated by thin-layer co-chromatography with non-radioactive fenitrothion and its authentic metabolites. After 4-h exposure, the concentration of fenitrothion was almost equilibrated at a level of ca. 6.5pmol/g shrimp, which corresponded to a bioconcentration ratio of 3.6, whereas the concentrations of its metabolites, especially 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol, increased with exposure time. At 24-h exposure, the amounts of fenitrothion, fenitrooxon, desmethylfenitrothion, desmethylfenitrooxon and 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol accumulated in the shrimp were 6.3, 2.9, 3.6, 6.2 and 74.3 pmol/g, respectively. The amounts of the conjugated 3-methyl-4-nitrophenol extracted with ethyl ether after benzene-extraction increased with exposure time and reached 104pmol/g at 24-h exposure, which was almost the same level of the benzene-extract.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Takeshi MURAI, Toshio AKIYAMA, Toshio TAKEUCHI, Takeshi WATANABE, Take ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 605-608
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 6-week feeding study was carried out to determine the effects of dietary protein (casein-gelatin at 26, 30, 34% supplemental levels) and lipid (5% feed oil +0, 4.5, 9.5% beef tallow) levels in semi-purified diets for fingerling carp at 25°C. Increasing the dietary protein levels from 26 or 30% to 34% significantly improved weight gain in almost all lipid levels, but supplement of lipid slightly depressed the growth at all protein levels. On the other hand, lipid supplement showed essentially no effect on feed efficiency, but increment in protein level by only 4% from either 26 or 30% resulted in almost 10% better feed efficiency. Food consumption was not affected by the protein level and tended to decline with increase in lipid level. Dietary treatments failed to show any significant effect on the carcass protein content, but the carcass lipid became higher with increase of the dietary lipid and decrease of the protein. Neither dietary protein nor lipid levels showed significant effect on efficiency in protein and energy utilizations and no significant interaction between these two was detected, However, highly significant correlation coefficients were noted between DE/P and the performance or carcass composition of the fish, and the best result was obtained at a DE/P value of about 100.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Toshiaki ISHII, Ryoichi NAKAMURA, Masafumi ISHIKAWA, Taku KOYANAGI1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 609-617
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInductively coupled plasma atomic fluorescence spectrometry (ICP-AFS) was applied to the determination of trace elements in edible parts of marine invertebrates. Element contents (except aluminium and lead) in the NBS standard reference material 1566: oyster tissue measured by ICP-AFS were in agreement with certified values. Furthermore, analytical results indicated that ICP-AFS is one of the effective multielement analyses, because of a simultaneous determination capability, large dynamic ranges, small interelement interferences, and a satisfactory precision.
From the investigation of the elemental distribution in marine invertebrates, the highest concentrations of transition elements were found in the kidney of the scallop. It was found that the liver of the lobster contained high levels of copper and cadmium. Especially, the cadmium concentration in the liver was about two thousand times higher than that of the abdominal muscle.
Gel filtration profiles (Sephadex G-75) of iron, copper, zinc and cadmium in livers of marine organisms varied according to species. Moreover, a significant difference in the chromatogram of copper was observed among the oyster samples collected from five sampling sites. The ratio of the third peak area indicating the lowest molecular weight (below 5, 000) to the whole was related to the total amount of copper in the liver of the oyster.
The result by analytical electron microscopy indicated that iron, copper and sulphur were localized in granules of epithelial cells of the oyster gills. In contrast, these elements were not detected in other analytical points such as nuclei or cytoplasm.View full abstractDownload PDF (1350K) -
Kazuo SHIOMI, Satoshi SHIBATA, Hideaki YAMANAKA, Takeaki KIKUCHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 619-625
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe extent of toxification of muscle after thawing was examined using slowly or quickly frozen puffer fish Fugu niphobles. Regardless of the freezing method, the muscle became toxic (up to 40 MU/g) after slow thawing in a cold room (4°C) while it did not after quick thawing with running water (15°C); these results suggest that the toxification of muscle after thawing of frozen puffer fish does not depend on the freezing method but strongly on the thawing method. However, even when quickly thawed, the migration of toxin into muscle from toxic tissues was observed 24h after thawing. When slowly thawed, the muscle was still non-toxic at the state of half-thawing. In the case of the skin-removed specimens which were subjected to slow thawing, the toxin did not migrate into muscle from toxic viscera. In contrast, the muscle of visceraremoved specimens became toxic after slow thawing. It was, therefore, concluded that the toxification of the muscle after thawing is mainly due to the migration of the toxin contained in the skin.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Hideo HATATE, Masamichi TOYOMIZU1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 627-633
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBovine trypsin (EC 3.4.4.4) allowed to react with [14C] polymer of oxidized methyl linolenate (oxd MLn) was analyzed by chromatography on Sephadex G-75, Sephadex G-25 and SP-Sephadex C-25. The incorporation of [14C] polymer was observed in high molecular weight fraction corresponding to trypsin molecule and low molecular weight fraction, decomposed products of trypsin. On the other hand, acetyltrypsin prepared by the modification of ε-amino groups in trypsin did not incorporate the polymer, so it was found that the incorporation was based on the carbonylamine condensation reaction. The polymer inhibited α- and β-trypsin definitely among trypsin derivatives and by reaction produced the inactive complexes. The complexes were easily decomposed by active trypsin and converted to low molecular weight fragments. So the authors concluded that the occurrence of the inhibitory effect of the polymer depended on the production of the inactive complexes but not on the acceleration of autolysis, which was the secondary phenomenon of the decomposed complexes.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Toshio AKIYAMA, Shigeru ARAI, Takeshi MURAI, Takeshi NOSE1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 635-639
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree 4-week feeding studies were conducted to determine quantitative requirements of chumsalmon fry for threonine, histidine and lysine. The basal diet containing crystalline L-amino acids and 5% casein as nitrogen sources (40% crude protein) were isonitrogenously supplemented with graded level of threonine, histidine and lysine by adjusting the level of alanine. Based on growth data, the requirements for threonine, histidine and lysine were found out to be 1.2, 0.7 and 1.9 percent of diet (dry weight basis), or 3.0, 1.6 and 4.8 percent of dietary protein, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (302K) -
Shuji KODAMA, Kunihiko KONNO, Ken-ichi ARAI, Shizuo WATANABE1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 641-649
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrinitrophenylation of squid mantle myosin by 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate, like that of rabbit myosin, proceeded in two distinct steps; an earlier fast reaction was followed by a slower reaction. However, some differences between squid and rabbit myosins were also observed: (a) The reaction occurred more quickly with squid myosin than with rabbit myosin. (b) Regardless of whether the trinitrophenylation was conducted in the presence or absence of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi), one mol of trinitrophenyl (TNP) groups bound to 2.4×105g of squid myosin in the earlier fast step. (c) The addition of PPi caused no alteration of the absorption spectrum of squid myosin trinitrophenylated in the presence or absence of PPi, whereas it did alter the rabbit myosin trinitrophenylated in the absence of PPi.
In the enzymic activities of Ca-, EDTA-, and Mg-ATPases, squid and rabbit TNP-myosin were very similar. Especially the difference between myosin trinitropheynlated in the absence of of PPi and myosin trinitrophenylated in the presence of PPi became distinctively clear in the Mg-ATPase activity of either squid or rabbit myosin. The effect of trinitrophenylation on Ca-sensitivity of the Mg-ATPase activity of squid myosin was practically parallel to that of the enzymic activity of myosin.
It is therefore suggested that squid myosin, like rabbit myosin, has the “reactive lysine residues” in the proximity of the ATPase active site.View full abstractDownload PDF (551K) -
Shuji KODAMA, Kunihiko KONNO, Ken-ichi ARAI, Shizuo WATANABE1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 651-658
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSquid mantle myosin was trinitrophenylated with 2, 4, 6-trinitrobenzene sulfonate and squid trinitrophenyl myosin, in which approximately one mol of trinitrophenyl group bound to 2.4×105g of myosin was thus obtained. The Ca-, EDTA-, and Mg-ATPase activities of squid trinitrophenyl myosin were practically identical to those of squid unmodified myosin in the KCI-concentration dependence, in the temperature dependence, and in the effect of thiol modification, although specific activities of the three ATPases were all affected. The thermostability of Ca-ATPase activity of squid myosin was also unaltered by trinitrophenylation of myosin. These results suggested that the trinitrophenylation of squid myosin caused no change in the bulk conformation of squid myosin molecule.
The effect of the α-chymotryptic digestion on the three ATPase activities was enhanced by trinitrophenylation of myosin, and even further enhanced when trinitrophenylation was conducted in the presence of PPi. Analysis of the digested products by SDS gel electrophoresis revealed that the yield of subfragment-1 from the chymotryptic digestion decreased by tirnitrophenylation of myosin, and decreased even further when trinitrophenylation was conducted in the presence of PPi.
It is therefore suggested that the reactive lysine residues trinitrophenylated in the presence of PPi are located closer to the ATPase active site than those of trinitrophenylated in the absence of PPi and that the chymotryptic cleavage at the site within subfragment-1 was enhanced by trinitrophenylation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1360K) -
Kanzo SAKATA, Kazuo INA1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 659-665
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe methanol extracts of a brown alga Undaria pinnatifida (“Wakame” in Japanese) showed marked feeding stimulation activity against a young abalone Haliotis discus REEVE on application of a new bioassay procedure developed by ourselves. Digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) and phosphatidylcholines (PCs) have for the first time been isolated as the effective phagostimulants and identified by spectroscopic and chemical degradative studies. Small amounts of these lipids as 30 ?? 60μg/sample zone are effective for the abalone. This suggests that these lipids also play an important role in the feeding-behavior of the herbivorous gastropods.View full abstractDownload PDF (1448K) -
Hiroshi YAGI, Masahiro SAKAMOTO, Atsushi WAKAMEDA, Ken-ichi ARAI1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 667-675
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe increase in pH and ionic strength of carp myofibrils suspension was induced by the addition of inorganic polyphosphates, such as sodium pyrophosphate, sodium tripolyphosphate and SODIUM POLYPHOSPHATE (Food additive). Thus, the effects of increase in pH and ionic strength were separately examined by measuring the change in the first order rate constant (kD) for thermal inactivation of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase.
To the myofibrils suspension containing various concentrations of inorganic polyphosphate, KCl was added to fix its ionic strength. The kD values of these myofibrils were found to be minimum at pH 7.0-7.5.
As the myofibrillar protein concentration was increased beyond 20 mg/ml, the pH of myofibrils suspension became neutral with 0.3% inorganic polyphosphate, regardless of whether its original pH was at 5.9 or 6.9.
The sum of ionic strength given by KCl and inorganic polyphosphate was increased from 0.03 to around 0.1, virtually no change was found in the kD values, but with the increase from 0.1 to over 0.2, a gradual increase in the kD was observed.
These results revealed that when inorganic polyphosphate was mixed with myofibrils suspension to make its ionic strength fixed at nearly 0.1 and to make its pH neutral, the preventive effect of inorganic polyphosphate against thermal denaturation of myofibrillar protein was maximally exhibited.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
Tamao NOGUCHI, Tadashi SAKAI, Junichi MARUYAMA, Joong Kyun JEON, Kurak ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 677-679
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 375 specimens of a trumpet shell Charonia sauliae (“boshubora”) were collected from September 1982 through May 1984, from the following eight places in Miyazaki Prefecture: Kitaura (12 specimens), Urashiro (122), Yasui (24), Akamizu (122), Tsuno (22), Aoshima (24), Oshima (5), and Kushima (44). Digestive glands were excised from these specimens and examined for toxicity by an official assay method of tetrodotoxin.
Seventy-two out of the 375 specimens (19%) were toxic, with the highest toxicity of 106 MU/g in the digestive gland. The frequency of toxic specimens varied between 0 and 55%, depending upon the place of collection. It was found that this shell as a whole is less toxic in Miyazaki Prefecture than in other prefectures so far screened.
Out of the four specimens of a starfish Astropecten polyacanthus (“togemomijigai”) collected at Urashiro and Kushima, three were toxic (the highest toxicity score 18 MU/g for the whole body), suggesting its involvement in toxification of the trumpet shell.View full abstractDownload PDF (177K) -
Ken'ichi HANAOKA, Shoji TAGAWA1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 681-685
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe major water-soluble arsenic compound was isolated from the muscle of blue pointer Isurus oxyrhincus and whitetip shark Carcarhinus longimanus. The isolation was achieved by a combination of a variety of chromatography. This arsenic compound was adsorbed to Dowex 50W-×8 (H+ form), not adsorbed to AG 1-×8 (OH- form) and active carbon, and weakly adsorbed to Dowex 50-W×8 (pyridinium form). It was identified as arsenobetaine by comparison of thin layer chromatographic behavior, infrared and fast atom bombardment (FAB) mass spectra with those of a synthetic arsenobetaine.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
Mitsu KAYAMA, Noriaki IIJIMA, Masato KUWAHARA, Tetsuya SADO, Shigeru A ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 687
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (101K) -
Kazuko TOMIOKA, Hiromi YAMAMOTO, Kinji ENDO1985 Volume 51 Issue 4 Pages 689
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (95K)
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