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Volume 51, Issue 6
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Takeshi YAMANE, Yunosuke IITAKA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 881-888
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. The results of the tests suggest that the theoretical model can be employed satisfactorily to evaluate the results obtained from the trials in a tank.
2. The magnitude of space occupied by an individual in a pot would be represented as a function of population density.
3. An index, Pn, proposed could be applied principally to investigate the population pressure due to interferences between individual.View full abstractDownload PDF (1241K) -
Survival, Growth and Sterility of Induced Triploids in the Cyprinid Loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatusRyo SUZUKI, Teruyuki NAKANISHI, Takashi OSHIRO1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 889-894
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTriploids were induced by means of cold shock treatment of eggs after fertilization in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus, to examine their survival, growth and sterility. In eggs fertilized at 26°C and treated at 1°C for one h, 4 and 5 min after fertilization, survival rates at embryonic stage were almost the same as in the untreated controls, although rates of deformed fry were about 12% higher than the control. Fish in these treated groups were 84% triploids. However, lower rates of triploids were found in groups treated more minutes after fertilization.
Mean major axes of erythrocytes of triploid individuals were 1.2 to 1.3 times larger than that of diploid controls. Mean body weights of triploids at the end of O-year-oldrearing experiment were small compared with those of the diploids. However, in l-year-old experiment, weights of triploids were greater than those of control. Survival rates of triploids in both O-year-and l-year-old experiments were very similar to those of diploids. Both male and female triploids were entirely sterile.View full abstractDownload PDF (1501K) -
Atsushi KOIKE, Shoichi TAKEUCHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 895-901
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTrammel net has been used widely in the coastal waters of the world. However, studies on the selectivity of trammel net have not yet been developed.
In this paper the selectivity of trammel net was examined with the trammel net whose mesh sizes ranged from 3.6cm to 6.8cm for inside nets. The results obtained here are summarized as follows:
1) The catching efficiency of trammel net with different mesh sizes of inside net was different by the species of aquatic animals.
2) The selectivity curve of trammel net for konoshiro Konosirus punctatus was obtained by the methods of Ishida and McCombie & Fry. It showed that the optimum length of trammel net for konoshiro by the above two methods agreed with each other.
3) The trammel net tended to select the small size of konoshiro severely, while in the large size of konoshiro it was not so severe. This was considered to be due to the effect of entanglement of fish by outside nets and/or inside net.
4) Selectivity of trammel net for konoshiro did not seem to be so remarkable as compared with that of single wall of gillnet.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
Katsumi TSUKAMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 903-911
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe object of this study is to develop a method of mass-marking the egg and larval stages of fish in order to carry out field surveys of the early life history and population dynamics of the fish. In this method the eggs or newly hatched larvae are immersed in tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) solution and marked-fish or fish from treated eggs are detected by the presence of a fluorescent mark on otoliths under UV light.
To determine the optimum TC concentration and treatment time for marking the eggs and larvae of the ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, a diadromous fish, various combinations of TC concentration and treatment time (40-44 lots) were tested. As a result, 200-300 mg/l for 24-48 h was found to be appropriate for eggs and 200-300 mg/ml for 3-24 h for the larvae. Mark retention and the effect of TC treatment on survival and growth were examined by rearing marked larvae in 5001 plastic tanks for more than 5 months. The mark was easily descernible (100%) until 105 days after hatching without any special preparation for detection. Even 164 days after hatching the percentage of retention was 100% after grinding or etching in weak acid, compared with 83% before such treatment. The treatment had no effect on the survival and growth of the ayu. These results strongly suggest that this method can be applied to field surveys on the ayu during early life stage in the sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (2472K) -
Masahiro MUNEKIYO, Akihiko KUWAHARA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 913-919
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFavourite preys for ribbon fish Trichiurus lepturus (1.9-397.0mm in anal length) were described, based upon the progressive changes in the gut contents with growth. 512 ribbon fish were caught by larva net, beach seine, beam trawl, set net, purse seine, gill net and Danish seine during the years from 1980 to 1983 in the western Wakasa Bay. The occurrence method and the number method were used in the analysis of the food habit of the fish.
The ribbon fish of less than 20mm in anal length was zooplankton feeder. The food habit of the fish 20-100mm length was carnivorous and the main foods of the fish were Natantia, Mysidacea and Pisces (mainly anchovy larvae). The fish of more than 100mm length had the piscivorous food habit and the main foods were anchovy and sardine.
A particular size of the ribbon fish, which started feeding on other fishes in the western Wakasa Bay, was smaller than that of the East and Yellow China Sea, the adjacent waters of Tsushima and Osaka Bay. In common with each area, however, the fish of more than 250mm in anal length had the piscivorous food habit.
The ribbon fish even at the early post larval stage had high feeding ability and positively fed on copepods such as Paracalanus parvus and Paracalanus sp., while the foods of 8 species at the same stage appeared in the same survey area were phytoplankton, nauplii and copepodites. This ability of the post larval ribbon fish seemed to be closely related to larger size of the egg and the larvae hatched than those of 8 species. Because the ribbon fish spawned smaller number of eggs than those of 8 species, the high ability of feeding at the early post larval stage is very important for their effective survival.
The main gut contents of the fish of less than 10mm in anal length were pelagic copepods such as Paracalanus parvus, Paracalanus sp. and Clausocalanus sp. and 10-20mm length were females of Acartia erythraea which made swarms and generally occurred on or slightly above the bottom near the shore. The change of the main food from the pelagic copepods to the epibenthic copepod suggested that the ribbon fish of 10-20mm in anal length shifted their habitats from offshore to the bottom layer near the shore.View full abstractDownload PDF (484K) -
Akimasa MATSUBARA, Shigeru MIHARA, Riichi KUSUDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 921-925
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA sensitive sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) for quantitating yellowtail immunoglobulin (Ig) was developed. In this assay, sera of 0.1 to 1.0μl was enough to quantitate the concentration of Ig. The minimal detectable amount of sera Ig was 0.40±0.17ng/test. Coefficients of variation for within and between assay ranged from 6.8 to 18.8%. When sera Ig from 56 healthy yellowtails were measured, the concentration of Ig for 10 to 110g fish was between 0.10 to 1.84 mg/ml and the concentration for 300 to 600g fish was between 0.96 to 3.04 mg/ml. This result may show a tendency of higher concentration of Ig in sera of larger fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (1352K) -
Akimasa MATSUBARA, Shigeru MIHARA, Riichi KUSUDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 927-932
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuantitation of antibody (Ig) in yellowtail, Seriola quinqueradiata serum against P. piscicida LPS was carried out by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Pure LPS extracted from P. piscicida was immobilized on Polystyrene bead (LPS-bead). Diluted yellowtail serum was added to the LPS-bead complex. The yellowtail antibody-coupled LPS-bead was incubated with anti-yellowtail Ig rabbit Fab' conjugated with peroxidase and enzyme activity bound on the bead was measured.
Using 3 sera differing in agglutination titer from yellowtail immunized with formalin-killed P. piscicida, within assay variation was small showing a mean coefficient of variation of 4.4 to 13.7%.
Specific antibody in sera from non-immunized yellowtail was determined. The result showed that the range of specific antibody concentration for 23 non-immunized fish was 6.0 to 30.0μg/ml. In sixty-five immunized by immersion the specific Ig concentration was 5.9 to 112.5μg/ml and in 25 fish intraperitoneally immunized the specific Ig concentration was 97.0 to 1, 030.0μg/ml. There was high correlation (r=0.944) between the concentration of specific antibody and agglutination titer of the sera against formalin-killed P. piscicida cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (361K) -
Akira FUJIKATA, Yayoi IKEDA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 933-939
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to establish dependable methods for determining plasma clotting time and to investigate the blood coagulation system in fish, plasma recalcification time (PRT), prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were measured using carp Cyprinus carpio weighing about 350g. Experimental fish were maintained at water temperature ranging from 19 to 24°C and kept in practicable minimum of handling stress during experimental work. Blood samples were collected from the caudal vessels without anesthetization using syringe tipped with 20-gauge needle and then immediately 3.8% sodium citrate solution was added in the amount of 10% of collected blood volume to it. All surfaces of devices were exposed to the blood after siliconization.
PRT and PT, indicating intrinsic and extrinsic coagulations respectively, were minimum in incubation at 34°C. PT was more sensitive to temperature variation. These results suggest that extrinsic coagulation system in carp may contain thermolabile clotting factors. PRT and PT were minimum at 25mM concentration of CaCl2 used in the measurement. PRT responded more sensitively to the variation in CaCl2 concentration. PRT was prolonged with the increase of rotation frequency and time in centrifugation, but PT and APTT were not affected by this treatment. PRT and PT were not changeable until about 6hours following plasma separation at 4°C. Afterward, PRT decreased significantly with the lapse of time, whereas PT increased markedly. PRT was variable by the quality of storage vial. Activity of carp tissue thrombpplastin on PT was high especially in brain and heart. The high correlation was observed between activities of rabbit and carp brain thromboplastin on PT.
From these results, desirable conditions are as follows; 25mM CaCl2 concentration, 34°C incubation and measurement within about 6hours following plasma separation in plastic vial at 4°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (452K) -
Shoji FUNAKOSHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 941-944
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the cell electrophoresis, standard particle is used as a calibration or check particle. However, no standard particle usable in the hyperosmotic and electrophoretic medium for marine molluscan cell is known. So as to elucidate such a standard particle, it was examined whether the erythrocyte of ark shell Barbatia (S) virescens (1-14.2g in weight) collected intertidally and the quartz particle (Zeiss) were suitable as the standard particle or not.
The erythrocyte in the hemolymph obtained from the sinus of the adductor muscle of the ark shell possessed a characteristic electrophoretic mobility (EPM) which showed only small scatter. EPM of the erythrocyte was not affected by the difference of body weight, sex or seasons, but always showed constant mean values. Although EPM of the quartz particle showed relatively broad scatter in comparison with that of the erythrocyte, average EPM of the quartz particle showed relatively approximate values at each measurement, too. It was considered that both the erythrocyte and the quartz particle could be used as standard particle. But the erythrocyte was a better standard particle than the quartz particle. Because the EPM of the former showed better reappearance than that of the latter.
The electrophoretic medium prepared for marine molluscan cell was a mixture of 5 per cent M/7 sodium barbiturate, 5 per cent M/7 sodium acetate, 5.5 per cent N/10 hydrochloric acid, 5 per cent Cameron's BSS and 79.5 per cent distilled water containing 15.4g dextrose (ionic strength: 0.0547, pH: 7.2). In this medium, the erythrocyte and the quartz particle had the average EPM of -0.874 and -1.545μm/s/V/cm, respectively. When the electrophoretic medium mentioned above is used on the cell electrophoresis of marine molluscan cell, these values can be used as standard values.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Ibrahim ALLAHPICHAY, Chiaki SHIMIZU1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 945-951
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous study of the Antarctic krill, Euphausia superba meal was observed to enhance growth in some cultured fishes. The non-muscle krill meal was further investigated using column chromatography on silicic acid, Sephadex LH-20 gel filtration and preparative thin layer chromatography (TLC) successively in three steps, in order to clarify the factors promoting growth. The sub-fractions and elution obtained at every step were supplemented in test diets and tested for growth effect in fingerlings of red sea bream Chrysophrys major. At least three elutions that showed growth activity were separated and they were clarified through further tests as steroidal in nature.View full abstractDownload PDF (464K) -
Karen NORMAN-BOUDREAU, Douglas E. CONKLIN1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 953-957
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn crustaceans, performance of dietary proteins has been shown to be influenced by a number of factors and is not limited to only amino acid compositions. Egg albumin serves a prominent role as an amino acid standard for terrestrial animals, however it is utilized poorly as a single protein source in lobster diets. This study investigated the influence of processing on egg white suitability in diets for lobsters.
Egg white, commercially obtained as well as prepared in the laboratory was used as a protein source in juvenile lobster diets. Sprayed dried egg white, with or without having been heated to 110°C for 20 minutes performed poorly in contrast to casein control diets. Egg white which had first been cooked to coagulation and later dried was significantly better than either the casein control or other egg diets. Findings suggest antinutritional factors, such as trypsin inhibitors, strongly influence the suitabilty of egg white as a protein source of lobsters, however, appropriate denaturation techniques can minimize their effects.View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
Hiroshi NIKI, Tsuneo KATO, Eiki DEYA, Seiichiro IGARASHI1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 959-964
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen fish meat is washed in the production of surimi, about 30 or 45% of protein in fish meat is removed from the fish meat to the effluent. The removed protein is an edible protein in the fish meat. On the other hand, the removed protein is a big problem for the water treatment process. This study was done to recover the protein from effluent and to use it as food stuff.
The protein was not recovered from the total effluent but the effluent of the first washing of fish meat in this study. An important condition for the addition of the recovered protein to the surimi was for the whiteness. Therefore, a method to get a good whiteness and a high yield of the recovered protein was tried.
NaOH was added to the effluent of first washing of the fish meat, the protein in the effluent was dissolved at pH 10, an insoluble protein which contains black proteins was removed from effluent by centrifugation, pH of effluent was adjusted at 5 by adding HCI, the effluent was heated at 80°C and the coagulated protein was separated from effluent.
The yield of the recovered protein was about 20% of surimi products. Even if the recovered protein was added to surimi in the proportion of 10%, there was no problem in the kamaboko quality of mixed surimi.View full abstractDownload PDF (373K) -
Toshiaki OHSHIMA, Shun WADA, Chiaki KOIZUMI1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 965-971
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour white flesh and seven red flesh fishes were stored at -5°C for 14 days and compared to one another with regard to enzymatic phospholipid decomposition using techniques of thin-layer chromatography, densitometry, and high-performance liquid chromatography.
Lysophosphatidylcholine, which is an intermediate product in enzymatic decomposition of phosphatidyicholine into glycerylphosphorylcholine and free fatty acids, accumulated in the fleshes of sardine, Pacific saury, flying fish, and cultured yellowtail during storage; amounting to 32.6, 74.2, 45.3, and 51.3mg/100g, respectively. In contrast to this, only small amounts of lysophosphatidylcholine were accumulated in the fleshes of flounder, Japanese seabass, coho salmon, red barracuda, herring, bigeye tuna, horse mackerel, and wild yellowtail. Lysophosphatidylethanolamine also accumulated in the flesh of fish in which lysophosphatidylcholine was accumulated at relatively high levels.
From these results, it was presented that there are two types of fishes with regard to enzymatic hydrolysis of phospholipids in the flesh; lysophospholipid accumulative-type and non accumulative-type of fishes, and that the enzymatic phospholipid hydrolysis system such as endogenous phospholipase A2 and lysophospholipase might be different in their relative activities with regard to these two types of fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (454K) -
Satoshi KANOH, Shugo WATABE, Kanehisa HASHIMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 973-977
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of KCI, substrate and actin concentrations, along with pH, on ATPase activity of requiem shark myosin were examined.
With increasing KCI concentration, the Ca2+-ATPase activity decreased almost linearly, while the K+ (EDTA)-ATPase activity increased significantly. The Ca2+-ATPase activity increased with increasing ATP concentration up to 0.6mM beyond which the activity remained at a roughly constant level. Kinetic constants, Km and Vmax were calculated to be 0.53mM and 0.40μmol Pi/min⋅mg, respectively. The myosin exhibited the highest K+ (EDTA)-ATPase activity at around 0.7mM ATP. The Km and Vmax calculated were 0.34mM and 0.27μmol Pi/min⋅mg, respecspectively.
The Ca2+-ATPase of requiem shark myosin showed the pH optima at 6.5 and around 9.5, whereas the K+ (EDTA)-ATPase showed a single activity peak at around pH8.5. Actin significantly enhanced the Mg2+-ATPase activity of this myosin, the activity reaching a plateau at the actin to myosin weight ratio of 0.3-0.4.View full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
Koji NAKAMURA, Masahiro HATA, Mitsuo HATA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 979-983
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAstaxanthin was not found in blood clot but in serum of salmon Oncorhyncus keta blood. When salmon serum was separated into five lipoprotein tractions by ultracentrifugal method as described by HAVEL et al., astaxanthin was found in the high density lipoprotein (HDL) fraction. Electrophoresis pattern of salmon serum on Pharmacia polyacrylamide gradient gel PAA 2/16 was simple. By electrophoresis, HDL of male salmon isolated by ultracentrifugal method showed one band, and the electrophoretic mobility was the same as that of female. Molecular weight of the HDL containing or binding astaxanthin was calculated to be 170, 000-200, 000, which was similar to that of human HDL.
Salmon serum HDL showed absorption maximum at 478nm. On the other hand, astaxanthin in petroleum ether showed absorption maximum at 470run. The small bathochromic shift in the absorption maximum of salmon serum HDL suggests that astaxantin may not be bound to HDL by a covalent bond.
It is assumed that astaxantin may be transported to the skin from the muscle in the form of HDL-astaxanthin complex in salmon serum.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Kenzo TOYAMA, Masakazu HOSHI, Masaaki KAIZUKA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 985-993
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGizzard erosion of chicks observed in fish meal feeding is becoming a serious problem ano the causative substance was cleared by OKAZAKI et al.
To obtain an useful knowledge for manufacturing safe fish meal, a degree of trigger ability of gizzard erosion was ascertained with various Japanese domestic fish mean (13 kinds) by feeding test on chicks. The same ability was tested with the sample meal prepared by pilot plant equipped with indirect dryer, differing in the kind and freshness of raw fish, and with or without antioxidant (EMQ) treatment. Further, apart of these meals was subjected to EMQ addition and to additional heat treatment were also tested.
As a result, it was found that the meal prepared from round fish with fish solubles addition and dried by direct dryer was apt to show a higher trigger ability; while those from puterfied raw fish exhibited clear trigger ability when dried by hard heating, or even stored in slightly higher temperature, such as 80°C. Although oil oxidation in the meal may somewhat promote the formation of this inferior activity, addition of antioxidant, EMQ, should be expected to retard the increase of trigger ability by preventing the temperature increase caused by self heating of the meal.View full abstractDownload PDF (638K) -
Nazrul MD. ISLAM, Terushige MOTOHIRO, Takao ITAKURA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 995-999
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCommercial preparations of clupeine and salmine sulfates were fractionated into their components by column chromatography and were separated into three (YI, YII and Z) and two (S-A and S-B) fractions respectively. Amino acid composition of the purified fractions showed that they were different quantitatively and qualitatively to each other. Clupeine fraction Z and salmine fraction S-B were found to be richer in arginine content than that of other fractions. The study of antibacterial action of the fractions showed that the fractions containing higher amount of arginine had lower MIC values than that of the whole protamine and other fractions. Although the fractions Z and S-B have shown higher antibacterial action, their MIC values were close to that of whole clupeine and salmine. In general the fractions have shown higher antibacterial action in broth media than that of agar media.View full abstractDownload PDF (295K) -
Atsushi OBATAKE, Hirofumi HEYA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1001-1004
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe dark muscle content in fish was measured by a rapid direct gravimetric method. This method was modified by using heat treated fish which was more convenient than using fresh fish. The fish were placed in a plastic bag and immersed in a water bath at 70°C for 30min and then brought to room temperature and the muscle was separated. The ratio of dark muscle to whole muscle (dark muscle ratio) in common mackerel measured by this method was lower than that of the usual method with fresh fish, but was the same as obtained by the indirect method using an estimate of transverse section. This method had the advantage of ease and rapidity (about one hour per fish), but some loss occurred since the heat released a fluid portion (drip) from the fish body. However, it was thought that this did not hinder the estimate of the dark muscle ratio, since drip loss was proportional in dark and white muscle. The dark muscle ratio using this method in 16 fish species were shown to be greater than 12% in the so-called red meat fish species, 4-9% in intermediate fish species and less than 3% in white meat fish species.View full abstractDownload PDF (255K) -
Toshio AKIYAMA, Shigeru ARAI, Takeshi MURAI, Takeshi NOSE1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1005-1008
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuantitative tryptophan requirement of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta fry was determined by feeding purified diets containing crystalline L-amino acids and 5% casein as nitrogen sources for 4 weeks. The basal diet was isonitrogenously supplemented with graded levels (0.05, 0.08, 0. 16, 0.24, 0.32, 0.40, 0.48 and 0.56% in diet) of tryptophan by adjusting the level of alanine. Based on the growth data, the requirement for tryptophan was found to be 0.29% of diet and 0.73 of dietary protein. Scoliosis or lordoscoliosis of the trunk were observed in 53-84% of the fish which were fed with the diet containing less than 0.16% of the supplemental tryptophan.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Yuichi KOTAKI, Yasukatsu OSHIMA, Takeshi YASUMOTO1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1009-1013
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIncubation of gonyautoxins with tissue extracts prepared from two species of crab, Atergatis floridus and Eriphia scabricuia, and from the turban shell, Turbo argyrostoma, confirmed trans-formation of gonyautoxins to saxitoxin through reductive elimination of C-11 hydroxysulfate and N-1 hydroxyl moieties. The reaction did not take place under bacteriostatic condition, indicating that bacteria rather than tissue enzymes were responsible for the reduction. The bacterial role was further confirmed by the fact that Pseudomonas sp. and Vibrio sp. isolated from the viscera of the above animals similarly converted gonyautoxins into saxitoxin. The bioconversion explained, at least partly, the discrepancy that saxitoxin and neosaxitoxin were predominant in the crabs and snails while their food alga, Jania sp., contained only gonyautoxin-I, -II, and -III. In-cubation with bacteria showed little effect on saxitoxin.View full abstractDownload PDF (329K) -
Takanori HIGASHIHARA, Akio SATO1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1015-1019
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGeneric composition and degradation activity of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in pelagic seawater were studied. Eighty six strains of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were isolated from seawater of the Western North Pacific Ocean, Eastern Indian Ocean and South China Sea.
n-Tetradecane (n-C14) degradation rate (n-C14 20 μl/10ml medium) at 20°C for 14 days was under 25% for about half the number (42 strains) of the isolated bacteria. Bacterial strains in which the n-C14 degradation rate was over 50%, were only 12% (10 strains) of the isolates.
The generic composition was determined for 41 isolates among the 86 strains. Bacterial family and genera of identified strains were Pseudomonas (54%), Alcaligenes (22%), Acinetobacter-Moraxella (10%), Flavobacterium (10%) and Vibrionaceae (5%). The members of genus Pseudomonas were predominant among the hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria distributed in the regions studied. There was no distinct difference in n-C14 degradation rate among the bacterial genera.
The present study showed that hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria of various genera were widely distributed in pelagic areas. It is thus suggested that they play the main role in the process of natural self-purification of the seawater from hydrocarbons in these environments.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
Yuzo YAMADA, Shin-ichi SAKAMOTO, Nobuo SEKI1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1021-1028
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCalpastatin, a calpain inhibiting protein, was partially purified from carp and rabbit skeletal muscles by essentially the same procedures which consisted of DEAE-cellulose chromatography, heat treatment, CM-cellulose chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, etc.
In contrast to rabbit calpastatin which had a molecular weight (MW) of 70, 000 and consisted of two identical subunits; two calpastatins designated H (MW 78, 000) and L (MW 37, 000) were isolated from carp muscle. Each carp calpastatin was a single polypeptide as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Both carp calpastatins similarly inhibited carp calpains I and II. It was also shown that carp and rabbit calpastatins are acidic-and thermo-stable, and that their inhibitory action against calpain is not associated with sequestering of calcium ions from reaction systems.View full abstractDownload PDF (1275K) -
Kenji HARA, Hiroshi NAKAOKA, Yukinori NOSAKI, Yoshiaki TABATA, Tadashi ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1029-1036
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA serine protease inhibitor was isolated from white croaker Argyrosomus argentatus ordinary muscle by ammonium sulfate fractionation, gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, column chromato-graphies on CM-Sephadex C-50 and DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and preparative polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The inhibitory activity against trypsin increased about 1, 500-fold, and the purified inhibitor was homogeneous as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of the inhibitor was estimated to be about 100, 000 by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, but was estimated to be about 55, 000 by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis after reduction with 2-mercaptoethanol. The inhibitor was stable over a range of pH 6.0-9.0, but unstable below pH 5.0, and completely inactivated by heating at 60°C for 30 min at pH 6.0. The isoelectric point was found to be about 4.7, and N-terminal glycine was found by dansylation. Trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and elastase were strongly inhibited with the inhibitor, but pepsin, thermolysin and papain were not inhibited. Each E-I complex of the inhibitor with the proteases, trypsin, α-chymotrypsin and elastase, were stable to the denaturing reagents such as SDS and 2-mercaptoethanol, however each complex was digested in the presence of the excess protease.View full abstractDownload PDF (1967K) -
Osamu DESHIMARU, Katsunobu KUROKI, M. A. MAZID, Sasaburo KITAMURA1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1037-1044
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of salinity of rearing water and chemical composition of the diet on growth, feed efficiency, and survival of prawn Penaeus monodon were investigated in a feeding experiment. Five compounded diets and the soft parts of clam Venerupis philippinarum were used as the test diets.
Prawn maintained in 19-21‰ brackish water had better growth and survival than prawn reared in 34-35‰ sea water. However, there was little difference in feed efficiency between these treatments.
The highest growth and feed efficiency were observed in the group fed with the soft parts of the clam. The soft parts were rich in polar lipids and sterols, and in essential amino acids, with high ratios of methionine and arginine to total essential amino acid content. All groups receiving the compounded diets showed lower growth and feed efficiency. However, the compounded diets which contained polar lipids and cholesterol at higher levels, and which had a higher percentage of total essential amino acid content, produced better growth, feed efficiency, and survival.
From these findings, it is suggested that polar lipids, sterols, and the content and/or balance of the essential amino acids are major dietary factors relating to the nutritional quality of the diet for P. monodon.View full abstractDownload PDF (599K) -
Tadahiko KAJIWARA, Taizo MOTOMURA, Hisashi SHIMIDZU, Takeshi YAMAGUCHI ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1045
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (764K) -
Tetsuhito HAYASHI, Yoshihiko SUITANI, Masahiro MURAKAMI, Katsumi YAMAG ...1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1047
Published: June 25, 1985
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (120K) -
1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1049b
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (37K) -
1985 Volume 51 Issue 6 Pages 1049a
Published: 1985
Released on J-STAGE: April 22, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (37K)
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