巻号一覧
52 巻, 2 号
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西島 敏隆, 畑 幸彦1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 173-179
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe physiological growth characteristics of Skeletonema costatum (GREVILLE) CLEVE (Bacillario-phyeeae) and Eutreptieila sp. (Euglenophyceae), red tide phytoplanktons, were exzmined with special reference to B vitamin requirements in axenic batch cultures.
S. costatum was found to be euryhaline, and its optimum growth was obtained at relatively low nitrate and phosphate concentrations. The maximum specific growth rate was 1.22 day-1. The alga required only vitamin B12 of Bvitamins tested for the growth:12ng/l to maintain maximum growth yields and 9.2×10-6pg to produce one cell. The vitamin B12 half-saturation wnstant was estinsated at 1.38ng/l.
Eutreptiella sp. was found to be also euryhaline, and preferred relatively high concentrations of nutrient salts. The maximwn specific growth rates were 0.76-1.25 day-1. Vitamin B12 was essential for the growth and thiamine increased the peak population densities. Vitamin B12 half-saturation constants were 0.23ng/l (thiamine-added) and 1.05ng/l (thiamine-omitted). The vitamin B12 concentration necessary for maximization of growth yields was 10ng/l and that for production of one cell was 1.4×10-4pg. The peak population density grown without thiamine was 30% of the control level. The concentration of thiamine necessary for the normal growth was estimated at 0.2μg/l.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (441K) -
西島 敏隆, 畑 幸彦1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 181-186
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPhysiological characteristics of the growth of two strains of Chattonella antiqua (HADA) ONO (Raphidophyceae), haarmful red tide phytoplankters, were examined in axenic clonal cultures with special reference to B group vitamin requirements.
C. antiqua Harima-77 and TSU-8011 preferred a relatively high concentration of nutrients, and required essentially vitamin B12 among the B group vitamins for their growth. It was found that their growth rates and final cell yields were dependent on the vitamin B12 concentrations in the media. The half-saturation constant of vitamin. B12 for each strain was small:0.05ng/l for Harima-77 and 0.35ng/l for TSU-8011. The amount of vitamin B12 required to maximize final cell yields was around 10ng/l for Harima-77 and 20ng/l for TSU-8011. The maximum specific growth rate of each strain was 0.69 and 0.48 day-1, respectively. The minimum cell quota of vitamin B12 was estimated at 4.7×10-4pg/cell or 11.7 molecules/μm3 of cell for Harima-77 and 1.6×10-3pg/cell or 27.5 molecules/μm3 of cell for TSU-8011.
These results suggest that vitamin B12 in seawater may be one of the principal factors con-trolling the growth of C. antiqua, and that the amount of the vitamin required to maximize both growth rates and growth yields is around 10 or 20ng/l.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K) -
八木田 健司, 池田 弥生1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 187-191
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEthanol and eugenol, which are anesthetics, were applied to Tilapia Oreochromis nilaticus in vivo, and to melanophores on isolated scale of Tilapia in vitro.
Fish kept in white background for about 12h were transferred to drug media of the same background. Both ethanol and eugenol caused darkening in white-adapted fish. But some differences in the effect were found between the two drugs. In the case of ethanol, darkening was observed with abnormal behavior of fish, and in the case of eugenol, the total loss of equilibrium usually followed. These drugs, however, showed no effect on the melanophores in vitro.
The present results suggest that ethanol and eugenol have an inhibitory effect on the central nervous system. It appears that background adaptation is mainly controlled by sympathetic nervous system in Tilapia.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (375K) -
上田 一夫, 前田 豊, 小山 睦夫, 安川 克己, 徳井 利信1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 193-198
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn connection with indications of magnetic-field detection in migrating salmon, measurements of magnetic remanences were carried out for vazious salmonid fish, i.e., chum salmon, coho salmon, kokanee, masu salmon, yamabe, amago, rainbow trout, brown trout, Japanese char, and laketrout. Whether the species is migratory or not, none of the fish examined appears to contain magnetic materials in a special tissue related to the sensory mechanism, at least within the detec-tion limits of the SQUID magnetometer. The natural remanent magnetization and the induced remanent magnetization were of the orders of 10-8-10-7 e.m.u. and of 10-7-10-6 e.m.u. respectively. These values are 0.01 to 0.1 times those reported for bees, pigeons, dolphins, and woodmice.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (465K) -
宮崎 照雄, 藤巻 由紀夫, 畑井 喜司雄1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 199-202
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEpitheiiocystis disease was found in red sea bream Pagrus major, transported from Hong-Kong, and tiger puffer Takifugu rubripes and carp Cyprinus carpio cultured in Japan. Histo-pathological and electron microscopic studies were made on these diseased fishes. Epitheliocystis cysts of these fishes developed in gills. Cysts of red sea bream were found on the capillary under respiratory epithelium of gill lamellae in the early stage of the infection. Heavily infected gills showed many cysts among the hyperplastic epithelium of the interlamellar spaces, followed by clubbing of the gill filaments. The cysts ranged in diameter from 15μm to 55μm. The cysts had a cellular capsule and an inclusion body which was revealed to be packed with chlamydia-like organisms ranging from O.52μm to O.71μm in size, by electron microscopy. Epitheliocystis cysts of tiger puffer developed on the capillary under the respiratory epithelium of gill lamellae. The cysts ranged in size from 25μm to 43μm. Epitheiiocystis cysts of red sea bream and tiger puffer indicated that they developed from infected cells forming lamellar capillaries. Epithelio-cystis cysts of carp developed within the epithelium of the interlamellar spaces on gill filaments and ranged in diameter from 12μm to 50μm.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (529K) -
大内 晟1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 203-207
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーI have already shown that red tides having the index PON can be expressed by five predictor variables (WT, SAL, TDP, DIN, DON) based on multiple linear regression (MRA) model in the northern part of Hiroshima Bay. If future values of five predictor variables at each station can be estimated in some way, it becomes quite possible that red tide with the PON index simulation can be done. Thus, the red tide (PON) simulation in August, 1979 and 1983 were performed using MRA model and Fourier analysis (FFT). The results obtained are as follows.
1) The FFT was used to calculate the future values of five predictor variables at six stations and then correlation coefficients between actual variables and estimated ones were determined to be 0.54 for DON and 0.69-0.93 for four predictor variables.
2) By the simulation I ascertained the possibility of red tide in August, 1979 in which Gymno-dinium nagasakiense actually occurred. The correlation coefficients between actual PON and simulated PON were 0.91 on August 7, 0.86 on August 20 and 0.20 on August 30, respectively. The differences between actual PON and simulated PON ranged from 16 to 230μg/l, and became greater when the red tide occurred.
3) In the case of August, 1983, differences between actual PON and simulated PON ranged from -19 to 13μg/l, indicating that these two PON have the same values. Therefore, this method seems to be very useful for predicting the red tide occurrence in August.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (356K) -
山脇 啓輔, 小山 次朗, 池田 弥生, 尾崎 久雄1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 209-213
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIntestinal absorption of cadmium (Cd) in vitro was measured using perfused intact segments of carp Cyprinus carpio (about 470g in body weight) intestine. Cd absorption rate at 25°C was about three times higher in posterior than in anterior segment. Absorption rate varied in pro-portion to Cd concentrations of 0.5 and 1.0μg/ml in the medium. But such proportion was not secn in other concentrations (1.5 and 1.8μg/ml). No difference in Cd absorption was noted between pH 7.3 and 9.3 of the media. However, absorption rate was approximately two times higher in the medium of pH 5.3 than in other media (pH 7.3 and 9.3). Absorption and transport increased remazkably with the rising of medium temperature from s to 25°C, and calculated Q10 values were in the range of 2.2 to 2.5. Inhibition in Cd absorption was seen and the inhibitory rate was about 30% using the following agents; 2, 4-dinitrophenol (DNP), ouabain, florizine and p-chloromercuritsenzoic acid (PCMB).
These results suggest that diffusion and active transport were involved in the process of Cd absorption in carp intestine.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (373K) -
石田 健次1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 215-221
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe purpose of the present paper is to study the benthic life of Upeneus bensasi in the south-western Japan Sea. A total of 5474 samples were collected by otter trawl. The results obtained through this investigation are summarised as follows.
1. Upeneus bensasi settle in the bottom during July to October from 35mm to 60mm in total length.
2. Young fish which settled in the bottom were observed at the depth of 20-80m, and there is a difference in the size of fish. That is to say, fish in the deep are larger than those in the shallow.
3. The habitat in benthic life is from 20m to 120m in depth, and the number of fish decrease according to depth.
4. The conditions of the habitat varied seasonally with the size of fishes, and it is possible to classify them into the summer type (from July to October) and the winter one (from December to June).
5. Spawning occurs through a long period from May to September, but there is a distinct peak season from June to July. Both males and females of this fish attain sexual maturity at about 90mm in total length.
6. The relationship between the number of months (t) and the total length (Lmm), total length and body weight (Wg) is estimated as follows.
Lt=245.7(1-e-0.034(t+5.420))
Male: W=3.97×10-6×L3.21 (r=0.989)
Female: W=3.46×10-6×L3.24 (r=0.997)抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (358K) -
井上 悟, 佐藤 修1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 223-230
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is important to determine the added mass of objects in order to estimate the hydrodynamic force on floating fisheries banks. The following is a report on experimental results obtained for the added masses of porous objects. The apparatus used in this experiment is essentially a torsion pendulum. The values of added masses are calculated from the difference between the periods of this pendulum in water and in alr. Objects used in tllis experiment were porous circular pipes, a porous hollow sphere, and a porous hollow double circular cone. Holes varying in radius (r) were drilled into circular pipes of various diameters (D) with varying distances (a) between the holes. Holes were also drilled into a hollow sphere and a circular cone. Radiuses of the holes were gradually decreased in size near the tops of both the sphere and the cone.
We were able to determine the added masses of these porous objects. Using porosity and a parameter:√a•r/D, we were also able to estimate the added masses of other porous objects of arbitrazy shapes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (675K) -
隆島 史夫1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 231-237
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe number of oocyte were determined in female masu salmon Onchorhynchus masou ishikawae collected monthly from January (13-month-old) to October (at the time of spawning). In the early period of the ovarian development (from January to April), about 3000 young oocytes in the primary growth phase could be counted in each individual. However, prior to the onset of rapid vitellogenesis, about 2/3 of the oocytes in the primary and secondary growth phase became atretic and disappeared between May and July (first reduction stage). During the period of rapid vitellogenesis, there was further reduction in the number of secondary oocytes due to atresia (second reduction stage).
A relationship between body size and oocyte number was clearly demonstrated not only during the spawning season but also during the early reproductive cycle. This result indicates that fish showing fast growth during the juvenile stage may produce significantly more eggs at the onset of maturation (before 1 year age in this species).
Decreased feeding rates during the first and second reduction stages resulted in lower number of oocytes in the fish. On the other hand, feeding until satiation enhanced body growth and slightly suppressed the incidence of atresia in the oocytes.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (721K) -
石田 行正1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 239-248
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーParallel gillnet experiments were carried out in order to estimate catch efficiency of gillnet and abundance of chum salmon in the central Bering Sea in July, 1984. In the experiment, two gillnets were simultaneously set in parallel configuration at a distance of about 2km, and the catch in number of salmon by each side of each gillnet was recorded. Release and recovery ex-periments were also conducted to estimate the moving speed of salmon. In order to estimate catch efficiency and density of fish, data were analyzed based on a model that takes into account the moving speed of fish and the catch interaction between two parallel gillnets. A relationship between CPUE (number/tan) and density (number/km2) was constructed, and CPUE at each station was converted into density. The density was weighted by the size of the survey area, and the abundance of chum salmon was calculated.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (686K) -
酒井 正博, 青木 宙, 北尾 忠利, ロオベック ジョン, フライヤー ジョン1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 249-255
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution of Vibrio anguillarum cells in fish challenged by live organisms was surveyed in the blood, spleen, kidney, liver, bile, and intestinal tracts, in order to explain the mechanism of the protection in fish vaccinated by immersion or injection method, and non-vaccinated fish. In the case of intraperitoneal injection with 105 cells, the organism appeared in each organ of vaccinated fish and non-vaccinated fish by 30min after challenge. The number of organisms in each organ of vaccinated fish fluctuated 10h after challenge; However, the organisms were completely eliminated 72h after challenge. On the other hand, the number of organisms in each organ of non-vaccinated fish increased with time, and all fish died by 72h after challenge. In the vaccinated fish exposed to 107 cells/ml, the challenge organism was completely eliminated from the blood within 4h, in each organ except the intestinal tracts within 48h, and in the intestinal tracts within 72h after challenge. Whereas, challenge organisms increased in the blood and each organ of non-vawinated Ssh in course of time, reaching from 105 to 107 cells/g or ml 72h after challenge.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (468K) -
浮 永久, 杉浦 雅行, 渡辺 武1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 257-266
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe dietary value of 57 species of marine algae (25 brown, 25 red, 7 green) and one species of sea grass occurring on the Pacific coast of northern Honshu was studied for the effect on the growth of abalone Haliotis discus hannai using the method of single species feeding in the laboratory.
The relative food value of each algae was obtained from the relative growth on the mollusc fed on each seaweed to those on the standard alga Eisenia bicyclis. Further classification of the algae into four grades from superior to null based on molluscan weight gain was attempted. Twelve species of algae were shown to be of superior value (21% of all surveyed) including Order Lami-nariales, Desmarestia spp., Chondria and Enteromorpha. Nineteen species of algae were ranked as having no value (33% of all).
The average feed conversion efficiencies of the algae with the above zero values were 5.4% (23 spp.), 5.6% (18 spp.) and 4.9% (4 spp.) for brown, red and green algae, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (681K) -
関 伸夫, 伏見 年治, 渡辺 直哉1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 267-274
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーα-Actinins which were purified from five different species of fish and rabbit skeletal muscles had the same subunit weight, approximately 100, 000, as determined by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
The effect of various α-actinins on F-actin viscosity and turbidity was compared by alternating incubation temperature. It was found that an increase in rabbit F-actin viscosity with fish α-actinins occured at lower temperatures in warm to cold water adapted species. This order of the temperature dependence for fish α-actinins was the same as obtained by measuring temperature to give the maximum increase in turbidity of F-actin. Similar results were obtained when rabbit F-actin was replaced by atka mackerel F-actin. The effect of temperature was completely re-versible.
Similar temperature dependence resulted when the effect of different fish α-actinins was mea-sured in terms of actomyosin Mg2+-ATPase activity enhancement.
These findings suggest that the temperature dependence of fish α-actinin-F-actin interaction may be correlated to the environmental temperature at which the fish lives.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (741K) -
岩本 宗昭, 山中 英明1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 275-279
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWild and cultured specimens of the red sea bream Pagrus major were stored at 0°C and 10°C, and compared to each other with respect to the progress of rigor mortis.
Rigor mortis began to occur earliest in the cultured specimen stored at 0°C, followed suc-cessively by the wild one at 0°C, the cultured one at 10°C, and the wild one at 10°C, demonstrating that the pre-rigor period of red sea bream can be most effectively attained in the last case.
Rigor mortis of the muscle proceeded with a decreasing ATP level and an increasing lactic acid level. The lactic acid level in the muscle was higher by about 100mg/100g in the cultured than in the wild specimen, just after the instant death.
On the other hand, K values of those specimens were less than 10% even after 56h of storage at 0°C or 10°C, indicating that they kept an extremely high freshness. The freshness of the muscle tended to decrease more rapidly in the cultured than in the wild specimen.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (299K) -
矢野 友紀, 松山 博子, 中尾 実樹1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 281-286
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt has been shown that when sensitized sheep red blood cells (EA) are treated with carp com-plement in the presence of Ca2+, but absenco of Mg2+, certain components (Cx') of complement
combine with EA, while the other components (Cy') of complement are left in the fluid phase.
In order to determine the complement components involved in EACx' and Cy', carp serum
was inactivated by carrageenin (Cn), ammonia (Am), hydrazine (Hd), zymosan (Z) and heat treat-ment (13), and each inactivated serum was combined with EACx'or (EA+Cy'). Consequently, the combinations of EACx'+Cn, EACx'+Am, and (EA+Cy')+Z resulted in hemolysis, while the other combinations were not hemolysed. This suggests that EACx' comprises two com-ponents which are destroyed by carrageenin and by ammonia, probably the Cl and C4 com-ponents, and that Cy' contains the compovents which are removed by zymosan. Furthermore, it was found that in the reaction between EA and Am, the first component combines with EA, with formation of EACl, and that this complex is hemolyzed by Cn. This confirms that the component inactivated by carrageenin corresponds to the Cl component of complement.
From these data, it was concluded that the intermediate complex EACx'obtained in immune hemolysis by carp complement is a complex corresponding to mammalian EAC1, 4, and that Cy' is a mixture of the other components.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (475K) -
小林 邦男, 中村 良子, Rizald Max Rompas, 今田 信良1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 287-292
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA study was undertaken to elucidate the relation between the mortality of tiger shrimp Penaeus japonicus and the accumulation of fenitrothion (FS) and its oxo-form (fenitrooxon, FO) in the shrimp during the exposure to FS at lethal level, and also to estimate the lethal concentrations in vivo of FO and FS by intramuscular administration to the shrimp.
The amounts of [14C] FS and its metabolites extracted with benzene from the surviving and dead shrimps during exposure to 2 ppb [14C] FS-sea water were determined by thin-layer co-chro-matography with non-radioactive FS and its authentic metabolites. In comparison with the amounts of FS and FO found in the surviving and dead shrimps, the major cause for the occur-rence of high mortality was presumed to be FO rather than its parent compound FS, and the estimated lethal concentration of FO was ca. 14 pmol/g-body weight.
From another experiment on the toxicity of FO and FS intramuscularly administered to the shrmp, the minimum lethal concentrations of FO and FS in vivo in tiger shrimp were estimated to be 8-20 pmol/g and ca. 200 pmol/g-body weight, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (395K) -
若目田 篤, 新井 健一1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 293-300
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCarp myosin B was treated at 10°C in a medium containing 2.0M NaCl and 40mM Tris-maleate (pH 7.0) and its physico-chemical properties were examined with a lapse of time. During the treatment of myosin B with NaCl, (1) the viscosity (lnηr/C) of myosin B decreased, (2) the 22S component in the ultracentrifugal sedimentation pattern disappeared accompanied by a pro-duct of 5S component, (3) actomyosin fraction at void volume in the Sepharose C1-4B gel filtra-tion decreased with a formation of myosin fraction (elution volume/void volume=2.3), (4) of the supernatant from myosin B by salting out with 40% (NH4)2SO4 saturation, the intensities of bands corresponding to myosin (identified by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic pattern) increased, and (5) the amount of myosin bands increased further by the co-presence of ATP and NaCl.
These results suggested that the reaction between myosin B and a high concentration of NaCl may proceed through the dissociation process of myosin B into actin and myosin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1034K) -
鈴木 健, 須山 三千三1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 301-306
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリー×A mixture of phosphopeptides, obtained from the mature eggs of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri by extraction with trichloroacetic acid and by precipitation with ethanol, was separated into 12 fractions by anion exchange chromatography using Dowex 1-2; 9 of them containing typical phosphopeptides were further separated into 2-3 fractions by gel chromatography using Sephadex G-50. Moleculaz weights of 15 phosphopeptides thus obtained ranged from 1, 100 to 2, 100 and from 4, 200 to 5, 500. Serine was the most prominent amino acid in all peptides, and phosphate and serine contents of each peptide were almost equimalar. On the basis of molecular weight, amino acid composition, and phosphate content, the consistution of phosphopeptides were char-acterized.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (396K) -
尾形 博1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 307-312
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo study the relevance of the dietary essential amino acid (EAA) pattern and the free EAA pattern in fish body, free amino acid (FAA) compositions in the whole blood, plasma, erythrocytes, hepatopancreas, and skeletal muscle of carp Cyprinus carpio were determined at 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, and 72h after feeding with a casein-gelatin diet. Correlation coefficient between the dietary EAA pattern and that of free EAA in the whole blood, plasma, or erythrocytes became rapidly higher after food intake, reached to the highest levels within 4h, and fell gradually to non-significant levels by 24h. The highest correlation coefficients between the whole blood, plasma and erythrocytes, and the diet were 0.8961, 0.8273 and 0.7382, respectively. Similar trend was also found in the hepatopancreas whose highest correlation coefficients observed at 4h was 0.9142, while the skeletal muscle did not show any significant correlations to the diets during the experiment. Thus, EAA pattern of the diet was best reflected in free EAA pattern of the whole blood, plasma, and hepatopancreas at 4h after food intake.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (490K) -
尾形 博, 今野 哲1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 313-318
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAmong one year cherry salmon Oncorhynchus masou reared in freshwater, we found that non-polar lipid contents in the whole body, dorsal muscle, and liver of the smolt were lower than those of the parr. During March through May, nonesterified fatty acid levels in the plasma of the smolt were higher than those of the parr, but the neutral fat levels in the smolt were lower. Later, growth response and smolt production in 1 yeaz cherry salmon with mean weight of about 16g were studied by feeding the following four diets for 120 days: HPHL, high protein (41%)-high lipid(16%);HPLL, high protein(41%)-low lipid(4%);LPHL, low protein(24%)-high lipid (14%); LPLL, low protein (24%)-low lipid (2%). The growth response to these dietary treatments was as follows: HPHL (final mean body weight, 44.41g)_??_HPLL (36.47g)_??_LPHL (24.04g)_??_LPLL (28.02g). Only in the HP diets, both growth rate and feed efficiency were clearly improved by addition of lipid. In all treatment groups, the growth, feed efficiency, and feed consumption rate were accelerated with the onset of smoltification. Percentages of smolt pro-duced were 74.5%, 47.3%, 29.1%, and 16.4%for HPHL, HPLL, LPHL, and LPLL, respectively. Thus, supplementation of lipid to diet seems to be one of the valuable method to promote smolt production.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (447K) -
辻 邦郎, 福山 俊典, 平井 孝一, 夏山 龍煥, 小菅 卓夫1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 319-322
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSpecimens of the ivory shell Babylonia japonica were harvested from the Ganyudo area of Suruga Bay, Siuzuoka Prefecture, from June to September 1984, and assayed for toxicity. The results showed that the toxicity of the shellfish, once-disappeared in 1978, recovered up to 500 mouse units/g midget gland.
Two responsible toxins were isolated by several steps of column chromatography. Instru-mental analyses allowed us to identify them as neosurugatoxin and prosurugatoxin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (232K) -
堀 貫治, 宮沢 啓輔, 伊藤 啓二1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 323-331
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe have previously surveyed marine algae for hemagglutinins and detected twenty active species. Here, for elucidating the properties of the algal agglutinins, we examined the agglutinins of seven active species for agglutinating activities toward other biological cells besides erythrocytes, sugar-binding specificities, and effect of heat, PH and divalent cations on then hemagglutinatingactivities, using the crude extracts or partially purified agglutinins. As a result, we found that most of the algal agglutinins agglutinated unicellular blue-green algae and mouse tumour cells FM3A, and two to three agglutinins agglutinated yeasts and bacteria. Sugar-binding specificities of the algal agglutinins were different from those of agglutinins from other sources; most hemag-glutinating activities were strongly inhibited by many glycoproteins tested and glycopeptide-fractions from fetuin, but not generally by monosaccharides, suggesting that algal agglutinins bind specifically to some complex carbohydrates. Algal agglutinins were not affected by addi-tion of divalent cations such as Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+, unlikely agglutinins from other sources, and were relatively stable at the wide range of temperature and pH. These data indicate that marine algae may provide the available sources for agglutinins with unique properties.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1552K) -
國崎 直道, 鷹田 馨, 松浦 宏之1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 333-336
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIt is well known that the lipid contents of cultured fishes are higher than those of wild fishes, and generally the cultured horse mackerel Trachrus japonicus, is not suitable for raw consumption because its muscular meat is greasy. In this paper, we mainly investigated the relationship between the lipid contents and muscle hardness of wild and cultured horse mackerel. The results obtained were as follows.
The lipid contents in the cultured type were 10-20 times as high as the wild type. On the other hand, the moisture contents in the cultured type were fairly low. The muscle hardness of the cultured type were 1/3-1/4 as compared to the wild type. No remarkable difference was seen in the protein contents, mineral contents and the fatty acid compositions between the wild and the cultured type.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (303K) -
林 哲仁, 水谷 祥彦, 村上 昌弘, 山口 勝巳, 鴻巣 章二, 野田 宏行1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 337-343
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to explore the possibility of utilizing marine phytoplankton as protein sources for human consumption, we elucidated the content and composition of protein fractions in five species of marine phytoplankton and analyzed their amino acid composition. The protein contents in four out of five species of phytoplankton examined were within a narrow range of 12.6-21.2g/100g dry matter. The composition of the proteins was quite variable from species to species but, as a whole, alkali-soluble fractions occupied the major part and the high ionic strength-soluble fractions which correspond to myofibrillar proteins in the muscle of animals were fairly low in contents. We also attempted to evaluate the nutritional value of phytoplankton proteins on the basis of the amino acid composition and found the essential amino acid indexes of two species of diatoms to be 93.3 and 89.1, indicating that the proteins of the diatoms are nutritionally excellent.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (521K) -
岡田 猛, 猪上 徳雄, 秋場 稔1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 345-353
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to understand the morphological changes of carp myosin B during frozen storage, myosin B filaments were observed by an electron microscope. Myosin B in the presence of 0.1 or 0.6M KCl was stored at-5 and-20°C. ATPase activities, viscosity, and total SH groups were measured at the same time.
The granular matters and the aggregations accompanied by entangling of myosin B filaments with or without arrowhead structure were found as the main types in the deformation of the filaments during frozen storage. The proportion of transformed filaments was dependent upon the initial KCl concentration before freezing and the storage teanperature. When the myosin B was stored in 1.33M KCl solution at 10, 3, and-5°C, a lower temperature accelerated the deformation of the filaments. Morphological changes of the filaments in the electron micrographs agreed with the decrease of the viscosity rather than that of the Ca-ATPase activity. The morphological deformation and the decreasing patterns of ATPase activities and viscosity of myosin B in O.6M KCl at-5°C were very similar to those of the unfrozen myosin B in 1.33M KCl at-5°C. These findings show that myosin B is exposed to concentrated KCl solution.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3030K) -
林 明男, 丁 雲源1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 355
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (101K) -
眞岡 孝至, 増田 直子, 生野 芳博, 松野 隆男1986 年 52 巻 2 号 p. 357
発行日: 1986/02/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (84K)
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