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Volume 52, Issue 4
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
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Takeru Kitahara, Koretake Takahashi, Yuji Hujikawa, Kenji Ishida, Jiro ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 579-584
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper derived a method for estimating fishing mortality coefficient from the mean recovery time of tagged members within a finite period with a few closed seasons and showed anunnerical example. Using recovery data over 2 or more seasons, the derived method can give the maximum likelihood estimates of fishing and apparent total mortality coefficients regardless of the survival rate up to the beginning of the period and of the rates of discovery and reporting. The numerical example also demonstrated that the estimates thus determined gave the estimates of several other parameters on some assumptions. When the coefficients are practically estimated with the method, however, there arlses some difficulty in determining time Tn at the end of a tagging experiment. Moreover, this paper discussed the estimate of apparent natural mortality coe-fficient determined in the numerical example of 1-year-old red sea bream because it is very large.View full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Min-Nan Lin, Yun-Yuan Ting1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 585-589
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper describes spermatophare transplantation and artificial fertilization in wild or pond-reared female grass shrimp whose golladal development was induced by the method of eyestalk ablation. The hatching rates from the uncopulated soft-thelycum females implanted with two spermatophores were 82.35% and 39.11% for the first and the subsequent spawnings, respectively, while from those implanted with only one spermatophare, the hatching rates of 71.87% and 13.17% were similarly obtained. In addition to spawning success with an improved hatching, the spermatophore transplantation will allow repeated use of the ablated females, bene-fitting the hatchery operation. To the uncopulated hard-thelycum females, artificial fertilization was found applicable by release of spermatozoa into the spawning tank right before the spawning took place. The timely release of spermatozoa for 3 individuals resulted in the hatching rates of 63.11, 52.29 and 49.44%.View full abstractDownload PDF (545K) -
Hiroshi Kawatsu1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 591-595
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecalcification time, prothrombin time (PT), partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT) were determined for common carp plasma. Clotting times were 37.6±8.7 s (mean±SD) recalcification time, 23.5±3.4 s PT, 17.9±3.2 s PTT, and 5.1±0.7 s APTT, respectively. The difference between APTT and PTT suggests that the intrinsic hemostatic system is developed in carp blood. Citrated plasma lost its clotting activity within 12h during incubation at 37°C, whereas clotting activity was maintained for long hours at 25°C. The shortest clotting time was obtained for the mixture of BaSO4 adsorbed plasma and serum. This indicates that coagulation factors of carp blood can be classified into the serum factors and barium sulphate adsorbed factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Sukhoom Rowchai, Kenji Chiba, Reijiro Hirano1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 597-607
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments were carried out to examine the influence of nearly constant and of diurnal fluctuated dissolved oxygen level on growth, feeding and food conversion rates of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica.
Eel at average weight of 2-5g were reared in 16l rearing tanks with continously supplied freshwater (23.4-25.0°C) of different DO levels. DO level was controlled by introducing N2 and O2 gas into the inflowing water.
Growth, feeding and food conversion rates of eel decreased when they were exposed to con-start DO levels below 40% but were maintained almost at the same degree at the oxygen level from 60% to above air-saturation. Growth rate also decreased when DO level diurnally fluctuated (12:12h) from 90% or 60% to levels below 40%.
Effects of diurnal fluctuations of DO on growth of eel were similar whether the DO level at recovery period was kept at 90% or 60%. But in the case of 60%, a longer exposure to alternate low DO levels brought more severe decrease in growth rate than 12h.
Consequently, the desirable DO level for normal growth in both constant and fluctuated condition is expected to be more than 60%.
No effects of DO level on protein digestibility and food requirement for maintenance of eel were observed. The reduction in food conversion rate at low DO level is presumed to be caused mainly by the decrease in food consumption of eel.View full abstractDownload PDF (771K) -
Hiromi Ohta, Yoshihito Shinriki, Masao Honma1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 609-611
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the case of artificial fertilization practiced in salmonids, rinsing of unfertilized eggs with an isotonic solution (ISER), consisting of 154.7mM NaCl, 3.2mM KCl and 2.3mM CaCl2, has been widely used to avoid contamination of the yolk from broken eggs which often causes infertility of the spermatozoa. Experiments were carried out in the masu salmon Onchorhynchus masou to determine the effect of osmolality and ionic composition of the solution on sperm motility.
In ISER, duration of sperm motility was about 6 and 2.5-3 times longer than that in distilled water and isotonic NaCl or CaCl2 solutions, respectively. The maximum duration of sperm motility was obtained in the isotonic condition (300mOsm/kg) when the semen was dilated with solutions of the same ionic composition as ISER. A complete lack of either NaCl or CaCl2 from the isotonic solution resulted in a significant decrease in sperm motility, but that of KCl did not affect the motility. Duration of sperm motility was prolonged successfully in varying mix-tures of NaCl and CaCl2 of the constant osmalality at 300mOsm/kg in the range from 1 to 50mM CaCl2. It is concluded that the isotonic solution of NaCl with 1-30mM CaCl2 is fully efficient as a sperm diluent for the masu salmon, and that the addition of KCl is not necessarily essential for the diluent.View full abstractDownload PDF (235K) -
Teruo Harada, Hidemi Kumai, Osamu Murata1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 613-621
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSExperiments of artificial hybridization between Japanese parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus and spotted parrot fish Oplegnatus punctatus, and of breeding the hybrids of both reciprocal crosses were carried out at Shirahama Fisheries Laboratory, Kinki University, in Wakayama Prefecture from 1969 to 1984.
The eggs were obtained from mature fish reared in net cages at Shirahama, fertilized by the dry method and hatched 30 to 35 h after fertilization at a water temperature ranging from 22.0°C to 23.0°C. The rates of normal larvae obtained from the fertilized eggs were 78.8 to 89.9%.
The long-term feeding experiments of F1 hybrid, Japanese parrot fish and spotted parrot fish, were carried out to compare the growth and survival rate, respectively. The larvae of F1 hybrid be-tween female Japanese parrot fish and male spotted parrot fish grew faster to market size than Japanese parrot fish.
Survival rates of both reciprocal hybrids were higher than Japanese parrot fish and spotted parrot fish.
Survival rates of both reciprocal hybrids were higher than Japanese parrot fish and spotted parrot fish.
The morphological features of the F1 hybrid, in general, were an intermediate with wide variety between the parental species.
Almost all F1 hybrid between female Japanese parrot fish and male spotted parrot fish matured three years after hatching, and more than 95% of the hybrids were female.View full abstractDownload PDF (1979K) -
Satoru Inoue, Osamu Sato1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 623-634
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn previous research, using the forced moored sphere as the most basic type of the floating fisheries banks, a non-linear forced vibration equation was deduced and an approximate solution was obtained. The added masses of circular pipes and porous objects were also determined previously. In the present study, the mooring forces of these objects in water waves was analyzed in order to determine whether or not the solution of the equation for forced moored spheres could by applied to these objects.
It was difficult to make these models buoyant, but by attaching a long rubber tubo to the upper side their buoyancy was improoved. Inertia coefficient (Cm) was necessary to calculate the wave force on these objects. New conception about the inertia coefficient (Cm) for porous objects was suggested. The drag coefficient (Cd) for these objects was also determined.
The results calculated by applying the previously obtained solution for forced moored spheres to these objects were in good agreement with the experimental values.View full abstractDownload PDF (757K) -
Yoh Yamashita, Tsuneo Aoyama1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 635-639
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ability of newly hatched larvae of the Japanese sand eel to resist starvation was studied in a rearing experiment.
The starved larvae were all dead by day 14 at 15.5°C, by day 20 at 10.5°C, and by day 24 at 6.5°C. During 23 days starvation at 6.5°C, the dry weight of the larvae dccreased from 33.9μg at hatching to 22.3μg, and SL decreased from 5.57mm at complete yolk-sac absorption to 5.10mm.
The percentage survival on day 24 in the delayed feeding experlment was 55% for the larvae fed from day 2, 48% for day 5, 59% for day 9, 53% for day 12, 30% for day 13, 17% for day 14, 11% for doy 15, 9% for day 16, and 9% for day 17. A clear point of no return was not found and a long duration of recoverable starvation, about 9 days, was estimated. Even some of the larvae that were fed from day 17 ingested food and grew. These results show that the toleramce of starva-tion of the sand eel larvae has a wide range and that some of the larvae have high resistance to starvation.View full abstractDownload PDF (1278K) -
Kiyokuni Muroga, Masahiko Iida, Hiroyuki Matsumoto, Toshihiro Nakai1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 641-647
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDetections of Vibrio anguillarum from freshwater of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis culture ponds and sea water of the Inland Sea of Japan were made by a two-step culture method consisting of alkaline peptone water and BTB teepole agar. As the results, V. anguillarum was often detected from sea waters especially when water temperature was below 20°C, but not from freshwaters in spite of the occurrence of vibriosis in some ponds.
Among 89 isolated strains of V. anguillarum, only 13 strains belong to the known serotypes form A to I, and 8 strains were pathogenic to ayu or Japanese eel Anguilla japonica.
It was demonstrated by in vitro experiments that the organism persisted in sea water but perished within 3 to 5h in freshwater.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
Akira Akashi, Takashi Aoki1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 649-655
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe properties and DNA structures of 14 transferable R plasmlds detected in Aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from various areas were compared. Eight of nine R plasmids with resistance mazkers to tetracycline (TC) and sulfonamide (SA) were classified into the incompatibility (lnc.) Group A-C complex. One R plasmid was classified into Inc. Group C. Two R plasmids with resistance to chloramphenicol (CM), streptoanycin (SM), and SA were classified into Inc. Group U. The remaining R plasmids, pES10 and pES15 encoded with CM, SM, TC, kanamycinand SA, were not classified into any of the tested Inc. Groups. Rplasmids with resistance markersto either TC and SA or CM, SM and SA did not restrict DNA phage T1 growth; however, pES10 and pES15 restricted phage T1 growth. This restriction and modification system was similar to that of R plasmid N-3.1) The endonuclease digestion patterns of the DNA's were identical in R plasmids with the same resistance markers. The DNA of R plasmids with resistance to TC and SA showed a high homology to cach other when compazed by Southern blot hybridization.2) R plasmid DNAs encodcd with CM, SM, and SA showed homology with the probe of pAR323) detected from A. salmonicida. A. hydrophila strains carrying R plasmids having the identical DNA structure are widely distributed in freshwater fish culture ponds in various areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (1896K) -
Ko Matuda, Haruyuki Kanehiro, Makoto Suzuki1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 657-664
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to compare the performance of trap nets, water tank experiments of fish behavior to the model nets constructed by PVC plate were conducted, using bitterling Rhodeus ocellatus ocellatus as an experimental fish and a video behavior analyzer system for observing and analysing the fish behavior. Six different types of trap nets as the model net were examined; two mouth trap net with two bags, two mouth trap net with a left bag, two mouth trap net with a right bag, single mouth trap net with two bags, single mouth trap net with a left bag and single mouth trap net with a right bag.
For the fish school comming from the left hand side of the leader net, the rate of right turn behavior just after entering the net was extremely high; 89% for the two mouth trap nets and 76% for the single mouth trap nets. The rate of remaining, which was employed as an index of the catching performance, showed the maximum in the right bag net and the minimum in the left bag net for both the two mouth trap nets and the single mouth trap net. The results seem to support an empirical rule that the bag net should be set to the same side as the leader net in the single mouth trap net.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
Yuichi Yuuki, Hiroo Kitazawa1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 665-672
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain information on the biology of Berryteuthis magister in the southwestern Japan Sea, a total of 1484 specimens sampled from midwater (at 35-180m) and bottom trawl (at 287-665m) catches were investigated. The results obtained aze summarized as follows.
1. Most of the females of Berryteuthis magister attain sexual maturity at about 180mm in mantle length and the males at about 130mm.
2. Spawning season was confirmed to be from December to May with a peak between Febru-ary and March.
3. The total production of eggs larger than 0.5mm considerably varied from about 6000 to 10000. It may be that female spawn a few times, and number of eggs in a single spawning perfemale is about 400.
4. In these waters, perhaps Berryteuthis magister spend their early life (smaller than about 50-60mm in mantle length) at surface layers, and adults live near the bottom.
5. Most of the females attain sexual matulity at about 2 years and the males about 1.5 years. The lifetime of females is around 2 years or more, and of the males is same as the females or less than that.
6. The growth of Berryteuthis magister from these waters can be expressed by the following equations.
Female: MLt=206.9(1-e-0.186(t-0.070))
Male: MLt=179.5(1-e-0.120(t-5.570))
(ML mm: Mantle length, t: Number of months)
7. The main diet species of Berryteuthis magister varied considerably with the growth. That is to say, they are Crustacea, Maurolicus muelleri, Watasenia scintillans and Enoploteuthis chunii, and other fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (430K) -
Shoji Yamada, Yasuo Yone1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 673-676
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree experiments were conducted to examine dissolving (loss) of crystalline amino acids from diets into water during mastication by carp.
Experiment l: The amino acid diets using agar-gel (diet 1) and CMC (diet 2) as a binder, and the casein diet with agar-gel (diet 3), containing either chromium oxide or norleucine were fed to carp. All fish were sampled 15 min after feeding. Total amount of chromium oxide or nor-leucine remaining in the digestive tract was analyzed and the rate of chromium oxide or norleucine remaining was calculated. Diet 2 group showed lower rates of chromium oxide and norleucine remaining than in diet 1 and 3 groups.
Experiment 2: Feeding trial with these diets and the casein diet with CMC (diet 4) was cazried out for 6 weeks. The casein diets (diets 3 and 4) produced higher feed efficiency than diets 1 and 2. The diet 2 group showed lowest feed efficiency.
Experiment 3: Diet 1 containing chromium oxide and norleucine was fed to carp, and the con-tents of the digestive tract were sampled 15 min after feeding. The samples were analyzed for the contents of chromium oxide and amino acids, and the % loss of amino acid into water was calculated. The considerable amount of amino acids ingested (except cystine and tyrosine) were dissolved from the diets into water.View full abstractDownload PDF (313K) -
Kazuhiko Hata, Kenshiro Fujimoto, Takashi Kaneda1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 677-684
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe metabolic pathway of lipid hydroperoxides administered orally to carp was investigated in vitro and in vivo.
As the in vitro experiment, the decomposition products of 13-hydroperoxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienoic acid in reaction with the carp intestinal acetone powder were analyzed after methyl esterification. Four major compounds were isolated from the reaction mixture and were identified as methyl 13-oxo-cis-9, trans-11-octadecadienate, methyl 13-hydroxy-cis-9, trans-11-octadeca-dienoate, methyl 11-hydroxy-trans-12, 13-epoxy-9-cis-octadecenoate, and methyl 9-hydroxy-trans-12, 13-epoxy-trnns-10-octadecenoate.
In succession, U-14C-labeled methyl linoleate hydroperoxides were orally administered to carp, and the distribution of the radioactivity in the body was followed together with the trans-formation of hydroperoxides. After 24h, 8.3% of the dosed radioactivity was retained in the body lipids, and hydroxyoctadecadienoate and oxooctadecadienoate were identified as the major products in several organs. Whereas, hydroperoxyoctadecadienoates were almost completely absent in carp organ lipids. These results suggest that most of the administered lipid hydroperoxides are absorbed in carp after the conversion into hydroxy or oxo derivatives in the intestine.View full abstractDownload PDF (665K) -
Morihiko Sakaguchi, Michiyo Murata1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 685-689
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents of free amino acids, creatine, and trimethylamine oxide (TMAO) in some tissues of mackerel Scomber japonicus and yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata were determined and compared. The levels of creatine and TMAO in the dark muscle were relatively high. Creatine and histidine were present in extremely large amounts in the white muscle. The heart was com-paratively rich in creating, while in the liver, the levels of glutamic acid and alanine were high. The spleen had very low levels of all compounds determined. The level of nonprotein nitrogen was highest in the white muscle, followed by the dark muscle and the heart, and lowest was in either the liver or the spleen. Similarities in pattern of the distribution of these compounds were computed on the basis of these data and data of taurine reported previously. It was indicated that the pattern for the white muscle differs greatly from those for the dark muscle and the internal organs.View full abstractDownload PDF (347K) -
Bon Kimura, Yuzaburo Ishida, Hajime Kadota1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 691-696
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt was demonstrated that the presence of bacteria was essential for the growth of U. americana, a freshwater red tide Chrysophyceae, in a laboratory culture system. The effect on the algal growth of bacteria collected from Lake Biwa during the bloom was studied. All of the bacteria tested supported the algal growth; and the growth extent of the alga was dependent on the species of associated bacteria. The algal growth was also promoted with the addition of nonsterilized natural lake water. The possible role of bacteria for the algal growth in nature was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (586K) -
Bon Kimura, Yuzaburo Ishida1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 697-701
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn analysis of mechanism why bacteria were essential for growth of Uroglena americana was conducted by use of a temporary axenic culture. Addition of culture filtrate of bacteria to the algal culture was ineffective. Dialysis cultivation of U. americana and bacteria, eliminating cell-to-cell contact, resulted in complete loss of the algal growth. Heat-killed bacteria supported the algal growth, suggesting phagotrophic feeding of bacteria in this alga. Microscopic examination re-vealed that U. americana actively engulfed tetrazorium-stained bacteria.View full abstractDownload PDF (1059K) -
Ryoichi Nakamura, Motokazu Nakahara, Yuzuru Suzuki, Taishi Ueda1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 703-710
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContribution of food was examined in a laboratory tracer experiment as to the accumulation of 137Cs, 54Mn, 65Zn and 60Co by sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus. Concentration factors of sea urchin from sea water were estimated to attain 320, 66, 11 and 4 for 65Zn, 60Co, 54Mn and 137Cs respectively. While, concentration factors through food were calculated to be 1200, 1100, 270 and 4 for 65Zn, 54Mn, 60Co and 137Cs respectively, when Ulva pertusa was used as food. And other food such as Eisenia bicyclis, Chondrus ocellatus and Tapes japonica were also recognized to contribute much to the accumulation of the radionuclides by the organism. Furthermore, the concentration factors through food for sea urchin proved to be changed widely by kinds of food.
Distribution of each radionuclide to shell and spine of sea urchin was different between the uptake pathways, but those to other tissues and organs were considerably similar to each other regardless of the uptake gathways. Distribution to digestive tract and gonad shows a temporal decreasing and increasing change common to both pathways respectively. Therefore, each radionuclide is estimated to be metabolized similarly by sea urchin regardless of the uptake pathways.View full abstractDownload PDF (565K) -
Etsuo Watanabe, Hideaki Endo, Yayoi Ikeda, Noriko Shibamoto, Kenzo Toy ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 711-717
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlucose sensor was developed and applied to the quality control of fish products and the hemochemical health assessment of fish. Glucose sensor was prepared with the combination of a glucose membrane and an oxygen probe. Glucose oxidase was covalently immobilized on a membrane prepared from cellulose triacetate, 1, 8-diamino-4-aminomethyloctane and glutaral-dehyde. The optimum operating conditions of this sensor were determined as follows; pH 7.8, temperature: 30°C, flow rate of buffer solution: 0.65ml/min.
One assay could be completed within 4 min. The enzyme sensor could be used for more than 100 assays without the decrease of output current.
The saline solution of fish serum (3-16 times dilution) was suitable for the determination of its glucose with this sensor. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the amount of glucose in sazdine meat (perchloric acid extract) could be rapidly measured by the glucose sensor developed in this study.
These results suggest that the sensor proposed is an economical and reliable method for analysis of glucose in the fish muscle and serum.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Shin-ichi Teshima, Akio Kanazawa, Yasuo Kakuta1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 719-723
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS[4-14C] cholesterol was orally administrated to the prawn Penaeus japonicus to clarify the effects of dietary phospholipids (PL) on the mobilization of sterols in diets to various organs and tissues. The prawns were fed on the test diets with 3% soybean lecithin (diet A) and without supplemental PL (diet D) and then dissected 1, 3, 9, and 24h after feeding for the analysis of radioactive steryl esters, free sterols, and polar compounds. The ingested [14C] cholesterol re- mained in the guts and hepatopancreas for a longer time in the prawns receiving diet D than in those receiving diet A. The incorporation of radioactivity info the hemolymph and muscle also proceeded at a faster rate when the prawn fed with the PL-supplemented diet rather than the PL-deficient diet. These results suggest that dietary PL such as soybean lecithin con-tributes to the smooth mobilization of dietary cholesterol in the body, especially from the hepato-pancreas to the hemolymph. Growth of the prawns receiving the PL-deficient diet was con-ceived to be retarded owing to the insufficient transport of dietary cholesterol rather than trigly-cerides in the body.View full abstractDownload PDF (340K) -
Etsuko Shimura, Ken-ichi Numachi, Keijiro Sezaki, Yoshitsugu Hirosaki, ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 725-730
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour hybrids produced in an aquarium between the bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus and the whitehead grampus Grampus griseus were analyzed electrophoretically to determine the genotypes coding to some enzymes and to ascertain the intergeneric hybridization in an artificial condition. The results obtained showed that each parental dolphin possessed its own gene (s) coding to each of the 3 enzymes (ICDH, GPI, MPI), and the hybrids had all the genes of the parental species. So was the case with an unidentified band detected on the sarcoplasmic protein pattern. The hybridization thus demonstrated was discussed in relation to the amount of differentiation and maintenance of species in the cetacean.View full abstractDownload PDF (2088K) -
Naoyuki Uchida, Hiroshi Anzai, Eiichi Nishide1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 731-735
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPraperties of the cationic trypsin designated as PII-1 which was purified from the pyloric caeca of chum salmon Oncorhyncus keta were compared with the properties of bovine cationic trypsin (BCT) determined in the same conditions.
The optimum pH of the hydrolysis for p-tosyl-L-arginine methyl ester (TAME) was found to be 8.0, and of the caseinolytic activity was 10-10.5 for PII-1 and 7-10 for BCT. Both enzymes specifically hydrolyzed arginine and lysine methyl ester, they were activated with Ca2+, Mg2+ and Mn2+, and were stable at low pH, and readily inactivated by autolysis. Stability of PII-1 to the autolysis was increased in the presence of Mg2+, Ba2+ and Sr2+ as well as Ca2+ and Mn2+ which are a stabilizer of BCT. The termal stability of PII-1 was significantly lower than that of BCT.
These results show that PII-1 has similar properties to BCT more than anionic trypsins from the pyloric caeca of chum salmon.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Shugo Watabe, Yoshihiro Ochiai, Yutaka Kariya, Thi Ngoc-Loan Dinh, Shi ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 737-744
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree types of turban shell Batillus cornutus muscle-foot, opercular and visceral-were examined under an electron microscope, and the results discussed in association with their differ-ences in muscle protein composition.
Myofibrils of foot muscle were partially surrounded by a collagen fibril layer of about 1μm thickness. Diameters of thick filaments fell in a wide range of 22-70nm (mean value, 50nm). The myofibrils were found to be crossing each other at right angles. The opercular muscle showed a similar structure, except that the collagen fibril layer was clearly thinner. The visceral muscle which surrounds the viscera was composed of roughly parallel-running myofibrils whose thick filaments had a mean diameter of 50nm,
Paramyosin contents in the myofibrillar protein were 29-41% through the three types of muscle. The paramyosin to myosin heavy chain ratios were 25 and 2.3 in the foot and opercular muscles, respectively, whereas the ratio in the visceral muscle was 1.4.
The collagen to crude protein ratio was 45% in the foot, 34% in the opercular and 5% in the visceral muscle, roughly agreeing with their electron microscopic differences.View full abstractDownload PDF (2017K) -
Partial Purification and Characterization of Proteinases from Abdomen Part Muscle of Antarctic KrillKoichi Kimoto, Akiyoshi Fukamizu, Kazuo Murakami1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 745-749
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSProteinase activities of abdomen muscle of antarctic krill were very low compared with those in cephalothorax portion. From the badomen muscle extract of antarctic krill Euphausia superba, three types of proteinases were separated by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography, and designated proteinases I, II and III, respectively. Each proteinases were further purified by gel filtration on Sephadex G-100, DEAE-cellulose (2nd) and hydroxyapatite chromatography. Pro-teinase I hydrolyzed hemoglobin maximally at pH 4.0 and azocasein at pH 5.0. Since proteinase I was inhibited by leupeptin, antipain, monoiodoacetic acid and PCMB, it was classified into thiol proteinase including cathepsin L (EC 3. 4. 22. 15). The molecular weight was determined to be 80, 000, which is higher than that of the muscle of cathepsin L so far reported.
Proteinase II hydrolyzed azocasein maximally at pH 6.0. Proteinase II was inhibited by soybean trypsin inhibitor, PMSF and chymostatin. Enzymatic property of proteinase II was similar to that reported for chymotrypsin-like (EC 3. 4. 21. 1) proteinase in krill cephalothorax, but its molecular weight was higher than that of the latter.
Since proteinase III hydrolyzed hemoglobin maximally at pH 3.0 and was inhibited by pepstatin, it was a typical acid proteinase.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
Kayoko Kasahara, Junko Funakoshi, Kokichi Nishibori1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 751-754
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVolatile components of two commercial dried lavers Porphyra tenera, two roasted lavers prepared in our laboratory and two commercial roasted lavers were studied by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Eight and 10 components from two dried lavers, 13 and 15 components from two roasted lavers prepared in our laboratory and 15 and 16 components from two commercial roasted lavers were identified.
Pyrazines and γ-butyrolactone, which had a roasted odor, were detected in the roasted laver, but not detected in the dried laver. Therefore these components seemed to contribute to the aroma of the roasted laver.
When the dried laver was roasted, the peak intensity of carbonyls in the gas chromatogram increased.View full abstractDownload PDF (223K) -
Makito Kobayashi, Katsumi Aida, Isao Hanyu1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 755
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (100K) -
Kuninori Kinoshita, Koretaro Takahashi, Koichi Zama1986 Volume 52 Issue 4 Pages 757
Published: April 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (108K)
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