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Volume 52, Issue 9
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Osamu Imada, Shin Ando, Yuichi Saito1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1501-1508
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe light source used for an artificial culture vessel of layer thalli on a larger scale was in-vestigated. Fluorescent lamps and H. P. mercury lamps (especially thallium mercury lamps) were chosen from standpoints of output, light efficiency and the shape of the bulb. Incandescent lamps were eliminated from consideration of output and light efficiency. These lamps were designed in a longitudinal water dipping style and prepared with a protective tube corresponding to the higher culture density of the saver thalli.
The test results of each lamp's characteristics are as follows: 1) The fluorescent lamp gives uniform lighting on overall length but its output is only enough for low culture densities, and the temperature of the bulb surface is too low to attain optimum lighting when it is placed under-water. 2) The high pressure mercury lamp and thallium mercury lamp were designed for uniform lighting through an extended illuminating tube in spite of the demand for high voltage for activa-tion or some separate illuminating tubes connected electrically parallel and inserted in one lamp. These lamps have the most suitable characteristics for a light source under high culture denseties of culture vessels.
The relationship between light intensity (L), distance from light source (X)and culture density of layer (C) was shown as the following exponential equation according to experimental results.
L=L0•10-1.72×10-4(C+1.16)x
L0 means light intensity on the bulb surface. For the present condition, L=5.5klx, C=100g (dry)/100l, L0=240klx are chosen. X was set at around 50cm. These numbers were realistic from an engineering standpoint, applying dipping style's high pressure mercury lamp or thallium mercury lamp as a light source, and therefore these numhers were determined to be the desired ones from the culture test.View full abstractDownload PDF (533K) -
Jing-Ping Yu, Kazutsugu Hirayama1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1509-1513
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn mass culture tanks for the rotifer Brachionus plicatilis, the concentrations of inorganic. nitrogen compounds, pH, water temperature and specific gravity were measured daily at the Aqua-culture Research Laboratory of Nagasaki Prefectural Institute of Fisheries from April to July, 1984. The rotifer density decreased with an increased concentration of un-ionized ammonia nitrogen (NH3-N). The highest concentration of NH3-N observed was 3.6ppm. The rotifer densities above 150 rods./ml were observed, only when the pH ranged from 7.3-7.8. Acute toxicity test of NH3-N to rotifers showed that 24h LC50 value was 17.0ppm at 23°C. Chronic toxicity test showed that concentrations of NH3-N at which the population growth and the reproduction reduced by 50% of the controls were 13.2 and 7.8ppm, respectively. The concentrations at which the intrinsic rate of population growth and the net reproduction rate were reduced by l% of those of the control, were adopted as the “no-effect” concentration of NH3-N. They were estimated as 2.1 and 2.4ppm, respectively.
The results from mass culture and toxicity tests showed that higher concentration of NH3-Nmight be one of restrictive factors affecting the increase of the rotifer.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Kunizoh Tanaka, Osamu Ishida, Taneo Tanaka1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1515-1523
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe authors studied these factors of sea bottom type and its current which seemed to make nursery ground.
In the bottom types, it was discovered that the frequency of rock undulations in the abalone habitat were 0.60 to 0.81 per meter, and the relation between surf course and rock lines was almost 90 degrees.
The depth of abalone habitats was less than 7 meters mainly. And the bottom consists of rock or mixed with sandy zone.
As regards the current factor, the current speed of 0.07 to 0.48 meter per second in Kawaguchi and Otohama nursery ground of abalone, was verified.
Especially, we got slow current on the nursery ground which were 0.02 to 0.21 meter per second except one station.
We anticipated the existence of some eddy zones by the figure of residual current, and eddy zones were made behind the nursery habitat.View full abstractDownload PDF (539K) -
Kunizoh Tanaka, Taneo Tanaka, Osamu Ishida, Toshio Ohba1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1525-1532
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the abalone habitat, the disturbed current is caused by the swell and eddy zones are made.
The eddy zones acted to collect the swimming larvae.
The authors studied the distribution chazacter of swimming and deposited larvae in the nursery ground.
The research stations of eddy zones were stable distribution of swimming larvae in average number of 79 individuals per cubic meter of sea water.
The density of shelled larvae deposited on the conglomerate in the reef, appeared less than the deposited shelled larvae in the downfall reef on the conglomerates.
It was surmised that the swimming larvae were collected by some eddy current, and made abalone habitats.
And we studied commonly that these depth were below 7m of open sea with rocky shore.View full abstractDownload PDF (490K) -
Toshitaka Nishijima, Yoshihiko Hata1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1533-1545
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution of both dissolved and particulate vitamin B12 and thiamine, and dissolved biotin in the water of Harima-Nada Sea were determined by microbiological assay methods between 1978 and 1981, and the regulatory influences on the distribution of these vitamins in the region were discussed.
The ranges in dissolved vitamin B12, thiamine, and biotin were 1.38-25.0 ng/l, 3.40-2140 ng/l, and 1.51-33.2 ng/l, respectively. The levels of particulate vitamin B12 and thiamine were 1.60-20.1 ng/l and 2.40-175 ng/l, respectively. These were generally greater in the northern part, where industrial and domestic wastes were loaded, than in the southern part. The contents of both dissolved and particulate vitamins in Harima-Nada Sea were found to be generally comparable to the other eutrophied coastal waters.
Both particulate vitamin B12 and thiamine, and dissolved biotin were significantly greater in the summer than in the winter in the offshore stations. The level of particulate vitamin B12 was far above that of dissolved vitamin B12 in almost all the samples in the summer but not in the winter. No significant difference could be found between the summer levels of dissolved vitamin B12 or thiamine and its winter levels.
It was suggested that the levels of both the dissolved and the particulate vitamins in eutrophied sea waters, such as Harima-Nada Sea, may be closely connected with the growth of phytoplankters and that they may be affected significantly by the discharge of various kind of waste waters.View full abstractDownload PDF (767K) -
Hossein Razani, Kenji Nanba, Shiro Murachi1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1547-1552
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGroups of ten zebrafish were exposed to 21, 24, 28, 32, 37 and 42 ppm phenol concentrations at 24°C. Each test was repeated three times. From the estimated LC50s of each test the toxicity curve was made from which the 96 h-LC50 was estimated to be approximately 24.9 ppm.
The fish swam wildly, dashing up and down almost immediately after placement in the test aquaria and all of them lost their equilibrium within a few minutes and most of them died within a few hours.
Histological changes of the gill, liver, kidney and intestine were studied. A) Gill: in mild damage, the epithelial layer was swollen whereas in severe cases this layer was stripped away. B) Liver: sinusoids became enlarged and contained numerous blood cells, vacuolated and atrophic areas were visible. C) Kidney: extravasation, necrosis of the nephron and decreasing affinity toward H-E staining were observed. D) Intestine:slight damage of mucosa occurred after short term exposure, though this layer was partially or totally missing after longer exposure.
Deformities in the shape and size of the blood cells were distinctive and many blood cells were at the stages of hemolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1552K) -
Hossein Razani, Kenji Nanba, Shiro Murachi1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1553-1558
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDuplicated groups of 9 zebrafish, 3 females and 6 males, were exposed to 2.2, 4.9 and 24 ppm phenol solutions for 3 months. The fish behaved abnormally at 4.9 and 24 ppm almost im-mediately after placement in the test aquaria. The effect of phenol toxicity on the gill, ovary, kidney, intestine, and blood cells were studied carefully. The extent of damage of these organs and also the abnormal behavior were more severe at 24 ppm than at 4.9 ppm. Histological pictures of the studied organs and behavior of the fish at 2.2 ppm were almost similar to those at controls.
Most of the fish at 24 ppm died within a few days, but some remained alive till the end of the experiment. However, no fish died at 4.9 and 2.2 ppm. The survived fish gradually recovered from the initial damage and showed improved condition till the end of the experiment.
None of the fish spawned at 24 ppm, though all the fish at 2.2 and 4.9 ppm spawned frequently, The interval between spawnings were longer at 2.2 and 4.9 ppm than at control groups.
The off-spring (eggs and larvae) of 4.9 ppm which were cultured in the same concentration all died within 7-12 days. Whereas some of those transferred to the control water survived and were cultured for 2 months and grew successfully.
The off springs of 22 ppm which were cultured in the same concentration and control water survived and grew at a rate almost equal to those of the control group.View full abstractDownload PDF (1406K) -
Kenji Hayashi1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1559-1563
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo develop a new source of marine, medicinal resources, the inedible parts of the hepato-pancreas of the scallops Patinopecten yessoensis were examined to determine the content of eico-sapentaenoic (20:5ω3)acid.
The weights of hepatopancreas were 3.8-10.3g (mean±standard deviation: 7.3±2.3g) throughout the 11-month period; accounting for 4.5-9.3% (6.7±1.2%) of the soft body wet weight. The hepatopancreas yielded a lipid content of 1.5-15.5% (8.1±4.3%), having high values (13.1±1.6%) between June and September. Over a 11-month sampling period, the most predominant fatty acid of the hepatopancreas lipids was 20:5ω3 acid (26.5±5.7%). The percentages of 20:5ω3 acid in the tissues from March to July was relatively higher (31.1±1.7%) than that (21.7±2.6%) at other times, due to seasonal changes. The absolute amounts of 20:5ω3 acid of the individual hepatopancreas ranged 13-322mg (126±81mg) during all seasons. The amounts of this acid found in the tissues in the period from June to August were of much higher values (194±71mg).
In conclusion, the resource potential of 20:5ω3 acid frpm the hepatopancreas of the scallops was computed to be about 98t per year from scallop fisheries in Japan, based on past catches (215, 000t in 1984). This estimation leads to the recommendation that the hepatopancreas of the scallops should be utilized as a pharmaceutical source of 20:5ω3 acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
Yukinori Nozaki, Tsuneji Yamamoto, Yoshiaki Tabata1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1565-1572
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to investigate the effective and proper process to keep the stability of lizard fish Saurida wanieso meat as a raw material for kamaboko. For this purpose, various surimi (minced meat) differing in additives were prepared from the fish immediately after catch and frozen on board the fishing boat. The fish were also frozen as a whole body at three different stages of rigor mortis and stored. These samples were evaluated for kamaboko-forming ability after subsequent on-land frozen storage.
The results showed that the unwashed no-additive frozen surimi retained a rather satisfactory kamaboko-forming ability for a relatively long period of storage for about two weeks, while the unwashed additive containing surimi (sorbitol, sugar and polyphosphate) retained it for as long as about 50 days. In the case of the washed frozen surimi, no-additive surimi retained well its kamaboko-forming ability for about two weeks, while unsalted surimi containing sorbitol and polyphosphate, and salted surimi containing sorbitol, sugar and common salt were found to possess a remazkably good kamaboko-forming ability even after a long freezing storage period of 90 days. Whole fish frozen as a whole body immediately before rigor mortis and freeze stored for 90 days showed a fairly good kamaboko-forming ability, following in the order of the fish at rigor mortis and at the initial stage of post-rigor.View full abstractDownload PDF (632K) -
Hiroshi Yagi, Ken-ichi Arai1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1573-1580
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes in biochemical and physico-chemical properties of carp myosin B, induced by addition of inorganic pyrophosphate (PPi) and MgCl2 were investigated.
The myosin B solution (0.3 or 0.5M KCl-40mM Tris buffer, pH 7.0) was mixed with PPi and MgCl2 giving a final concentration of each 1mM. Soon after or after storage for various periods at 10°C, the mixture was dialyzed overnight to exclude PPi and MgCl2 and fractionated by centri-fugation at 79, 000×g for 5h at 5°C. The supernatant thus obtained was used for measurements viscosity, its ATP-sensitivity, thermal inactivation mode of Ca-ATPase activity, and subunits composition.
These results indicated that when PPi and MgCl2 were mixed, 45% of myosin B weight value was reversibly dissociated into actin and myosin, but 40% of it was irreversibly transformed to unsedimented form of actomyosin by ultracentrifugal fractionation. As the storage time was prolonged, these alterations gradually proceeded further.View full abstractDownload PDF (667K) -
Tomoo Nakano, Hiroshi Watanabe, Mitsuo Hata, Duong van Qua, Toshi Miur ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1581-1587
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo shorten the fermentation period of fish sauce, one of the indispensable condiments in Southeast Asia, the partially purified protease produced by a moderately halophilic marine bac-terium Pseudomonas sp., was applied to the fermentation process. The experimental results indicated that the addition of the enzyme could hydrolyze fish bodies, Sardinops melanosticta, into fish sauce rapidly, and the product contained nutritious amino acids, especially glutamic acid, lysine, aspartic acid, serine, threonine, alanine and methionine at high concentration.
The Pseudomonas sp. protease was able to shorten the fermentation period of fish sauce, from 1.5-3 years to 3-6 months. The organoleptic test proved that he product made by addition of the protease has a fairly good taste and fine quality compared with the products on the market processed by traditional fermentation.View full abstractDownload PDF (471K) -
Takeshige Matsutani, Tadashi Nomura1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1589-1594
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1) In the scallop Patinopecten yessoensis, the induction of female spawning by serotonin (5-HT) injections was prevented by methysergide (5-HT antagonist), lanthanum chloride and aspirin (inhibitor of prostaglandin synthesis), but was not affected by LY 53857 (5-HT antagonist), sulphide (dopamine antagonist), nor γ-hydroxybutyric acid (depressor in firing of dopamine neurons).
2) The induction of female spawning by UV ray-irradiated seawater was prevented by methysergide and γ-hydroxybutyric acid.
3) Neither thermal stimulations nor fluoxetine (inhibitor of 5-HT uptake) injections induced spawning, but the thermal stimulations could induce spawning in the scallops which had been injected with fluoxetine. The induction of female spawning by this combined stimulation was prevented by methysergide and sulpiride.
4) Neither the induction of male spawning by 5-HT injections nor that by thermal stimulations following fluoxetine injections was affected by any of the chemicals used.
5) These results support the notion that serotonergic mechanisms mediate the spawning in at least the female scallops, and suggest that prostaglandins and dopaminergic mechanisms may also be implicated in the female spawning.View full abstractDownload PDF (476K) -
Kenji Sato, Reiji Yoshinaka, Mamoru Sato, Yutaka Shimizu1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1595-1600
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe contents of acid-soluble and insoluble collagens in the ordinary muscle of twenty-two species of fishes was determined. In addition, the contribution of muscle collagen to the swimm-ing movement of fish and to the texture of the sliced raw meat was examined.
The total collagen content varied with species in the ranges from 0.34 to 2.19% of wet tissue and from 1.6 to 12.4% of crude protein. The solubility of muscle collagen of fishes was generally much higner than that reported for muscle collagen of mammals. As for the swimming movement, the results indicated that the musculature of the fish with flexible body comprises a high proportion of collagen. As for the textural properties, the results indicated that the muscle collagen con-tributes to the toughness of the sliced raw meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Kazuhiko Kojima, Yoko Nakayama, Masami Hatanaka, Masahiro Hata, Mitsuo ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1601-1605
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS1. All marine mollusks examined contained low concentration (1-3% of total lipid) of sulfolipid.
2. Sulfolipid contents of the gonads and the digestive diverticula were higher than those of the other tissues.
3. The difference in the level of sulfolipid in the gonads was observed between the male and female.
4. Sulfolipid content of the gonads of Cellana grata grata showed seasonal fluctuation.
5. 35S-sodium sulfate injection experiment showed that the scallop has a limited ability to synthe-size sulfolipids.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K) -
Kunio Ikuta, Takeo Nakamura1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1607-1616
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe relations between metal contents or concentrations, and year-class structures of soft and hard compartments and whole body were discussed for some heavy metals in the wedge clam Latona cuneata collected from the exposed sandy tidal zone of Nagahama that is located in the west coast of Tanegashima free from any pollution under the influence of Kuroshio. Before determination of metal contents, the consecutive sampling for wedge clams was carried out for over three years, and biological informations; such as, year-class group and its structure, sexual maturation, main spawning age group, spawning season, tidal migrating habit, etc. were gathered.
Generally, plotting metal contents against three body weights (soft body, conch and whole body) of the wedge clams on a double logarithmic diagram produced regressive relationships with two or three straight lines. The critical points of regression slopes for Fe, Zn, Cu and Mn in soft compartment were found and fell into two categories: two slopes and one critical point for Fe, Zn and Mn that were situated in the range of μ to μ+Ó of the first year-class; three slopes and two points for Cu situated at the range of μ-Ó of the first year-class and around μ of the second year-class. These results differed greatly from single straight line relationships for several elements in a variety of marine and estuarine molluscs reported by several researchers. The critical points which appeared in the soft compartment could be related to reproductive activity, i. e. for Fe, Zn and Mn the members of main spawning group, the second year-class, set out to be mingled from the paint that was situated in the range between μ and μ+Ó of the first year-class. Before and after the beginning of the mixture of members of the first and those of the second year-classes the slopes were reversed from negative to positive. Concentrations of Cu in main spawning group paralleled the X axis, and in the extremes the slopes were reversed from positive to negative.View full abstractDownload PDF (804K) -
Masahiro Matsumiya, Shigeo Otake1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1617-1623
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiamine oxidase was purified from acetone powder of pyloric caeca of yellowtail by chroma-tography on DEAE-cellulose (stepwise), DEAE-cellulose (linear gradient) and hydroxyapatite.
The purified diamine oxidase showed a single protein band on disc electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 140, 000 by gel filtration. The enzyme was separated into two subunits by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and molecular weights of each subunits were estimated to be 80, 000 and 60, 000, respectively.
The optimal pH's of the enzyme for oxidation of cadaverine and histamine, were 7.5 and 7.0 respectively, and the enzyme was stable between pH values 7.0 to 8.0. The enzyme was most active at 50°C, but unstable at 60°C. The enzyme was strongly inactivated by Hg2+, Ni2+, and Cu2+, and activated by Al3+ and Zn2+, and more strongly by Mn2+ and Co2+. The enzyme activity completely disappeared by the gel filtration on Bio-gel P-2, and the simultaneous addition of Mn2+ and Cu2+ into the reaction mixture recovered nearly all of the activity. The enzyme activity was strongly inhibited by iproniazid and 2-mercaptoethanol, and completely by amino-guanidine and KMnO4. The enzyme activity was more prominent for C3-C6 aliphatic diamines, such as putrescine and cadaverine, than histamine and agmatine. The Km value of diamine oxidase for cadaverine was found to be 1.46×10-5M.View full abstractDownload PDF (990K) -
Taizo Sakata, Yukio Koreeda1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1625-1634
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeventy-nine representative strains isolated from tilapia intestines were compared according to numerical taxonomic analysis based upon 122 bacteriological characters. Dominant bacterial isolates from tilapia intestines were divided into two major clusters (phenon Pl and A). The first one corresponded with Plesiomonas shigelloides and the second was identified as Aeromonas hydrophila. The latter was composed of subphenons Aa and Ab, which were distinguished from each other by the characters such as casein hydrolysis, lecithinase, mannitol fermentation, haemo-lysis (sheep blood) and gluconate oxidase. Mean intracluster similarities (Ssm) for phenons P1 and A, and subphenons Aa and Ab were 88.9±3.5, 87.8±7.2, 91.3±5.0 and 94.0±2.4, respec-tively.
Colony morphology on KS3 (a modification from RS medium) agar plate was found to be quite useful for the rapid presumptive identification of these species or biotypes. The strains clustering in phenon P1 formed whitish blue or greenish blue colonies, whereas those of subphenon Aa formed larger yellow green or green colonies and those of subphenon Ab formed smaller yellow colonies.View full abstractDownload PDF (699K) -
Masaharu Ohgai, Hideki Iwano, Masaki Hoshijima1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1635-1640
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe study was undertaken in order to elucidate a variety of factors affecting the propagation of Cylindrotheca closterium found on the nori nets. The following results were obtained:
1) The species showed a tendency to increase with the fall of temperature in the monthly changes of cell numbers. 2) The range of the optimal temperature for good growth was 10-25°C. 3) The optimal pH was 7.3 to 9.0 at 10°C and 7.0 to 9.0 at 15°C and 20°C. 4) The optimal light intensity was above 2, 000 1x at 10°C, 3, 000 1x at 15°C and 2, 000 1x at 20°C. 5) The species grew optimally under the value of chlorinity, 14.6 to 22.0‰ at 10°C, 13.5 to 22.0‰ at 15°C and 11.0 to 22.0‰ at 20°C. 6) The effect of each nutrient on the propagation, inorganic nitrogen, silicate and borate were necessary for the propagation, and especially the first and third compounds were essential. 7) The amino acids released from the nori fronds were utilized for the propagation as the nitrogen source for lack of inorganic nitrogen. 8) The general consideration could be made on the propagation factors in the nori cultivation ground. The species grew actively by mainly utilizing inorganic nitrogen at the beginning of cultivation and grew continuously by utilizing the amino acids released from the nori fronds after the middle period.View full abstractDownload PDF (444K) -
Seiichi Hayashi, Zentaro Ooshiro1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1641-1651
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPrimary culture of the hepatocytes of the eel was performed in the serum-free medium. The serum-free medium consisted of Williams'medium E, insulin, glucagon, EGF, prolactin, growth hormone, and H2SeO3. The clear nuclei in the cells cultured in the serum-free medium were observed during 10 to 15days culture and the clear boundaries between the cells as monolayer were also observed. The cells cultured in the medium containing 10% serum accumulated vacuoles like oil droplets and the appearance of nonparenchymal cells was observed after 7 days of culture.
The stimulation of DNA synthesis and cell proliferation were recognized in the cells cultured in the serum-free medium. It was found that all hormones and EGF were necessary for the cell proliferation, and that insulin, glucagon, and prolactin were necessary for the maintenance of normal morphology of the cells besides the proliferation.
In the primary culture of the hepatocytes of the eel, the use of the dish precoated with fibro-nectin was essential. To investigate the necessity of fibronectin the density of the parenchymal cells of the eel liver was determined by density gradient centrifugation using Percoll. It was found that the density of the parenchymal cells of the eel liver was from 1.025 to 1.045 and lighter than that of rat liver. Therefore, fibronectin seemed to be necessary to avoid floating the cells from the surface of a dish and to attach the cells on the dish.View full abstractDownload PDF (4516K) -
Youn-Keun Oh, Tamao Yoshida, Harumi Kojima, Meiko Wakabayashi, Mikio K ...1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1653-1656
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMedaka was exposed to 203HgGl2 (05μg-Hg/l) with a coexisting humic acid (0-20mg/l) for 40h. With the increase of humic acid concentration, the uptake of 203Hg in the fish decreased. The bioconcentration factor (BCF) of 203Hg, for the fish exposed to 203Hg with 20mg/l httmic acid, were approximately one twentieth compared to that of the control. In the case of coexisting 0.01mM-EDTA or citric acid, the BCFs were similar to that of the control. However, for the co-existing cysteine or glutathion, the BCFs dropped remarkably.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
Motoi Matsuura, Ken-ichi Arai1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1657-1663
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffect of pH (5.5-8.0) on filament-forming ability and biochemical activity of carp, tilapia, and rabbit myosins were studied.
In the acidic pH range, both filament-forming ability and actin-activation of Mg-ATPase of the three myosins tended to increase. When the Mg-ATPase was strongly actin-activated and the activity was saturated by a small amount of actin, bipolar filaments whose thickness and length were more than 290Å and more than 0.7μm, respectively, were formed. Tilapia myosin unusually formed the bipolar filaments only in acidic condition. Changes in light scattering intensity of each myosin suspension suggested that the bipolar filaments might be in a rigid form, because they hardly dissociated into small myosin filaments by treatment with KCl or ATP.View full abstractDownload PDF (1877K) -
Ichiro Imai, Katsuhiko Itoh, Kazuo Terada, Masato Kamizono1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1665-1671
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt seems that the dormant cells of Chattonella (Raphidophyceae) play an important role in initiating red tide in the summer through their capability of overwintering in bottom sediments. From this point of view, we investigated the distributions of dormant cells in spring and of vegeta-tive cells in summer in Suo-Nada, western Seto Inland Sea, in 1984.
Densities of dormant cells enumerated by the extinction dilution method ranged from 3 to 158 cells/cm3 wet sediment, with an average of 63. Dormant cells were fairly abundant in the central area. While, they were scarce in the western coastal part, where high concentrations of vegetative cells were observed during the period from July 12 to 14. Bottom water temperature, which affects the germination of dormant cells, was optimum for germination in the western coastal area but lower at central deep water area during the period from July 12 to 14. Surface water temperature was optimum for the growth of vegetative cells in the whole area during July. The density of Chattonella in western coastal area was relatively higher than that in the offshore water and developed into the red tide in late July. The winds blowing to western coastal area con-stantly prevailed during July, which presumably accumulated Chattonella there. A scheme of Chattonella red tide outbreak was discussed based on the germination of dormant cells, growth of vegetative cells, accumulation, and organic and inorganic nitrogen supply.View full abstractDownload PDF (571K) -
Nobuo Seki, Yoshiko Kimura1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1673-1680
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBoth calpains from carp and rabbit skeletal muscles hydrolyzed troponin T most preferentially among the subunits of troponin and troponin-tropomyosin complex (NTM) used as substrates into two fragments at the same site. The hydrolysis of troponin T, in either troponin or NTM, proceeded at rates 9-30 times faster than that of troponin I. On the contrary, when myofibrils were treated with calpain, troponin I was hydrolyzed most rapidly among the subunits of NTM. Tropomyosin was hydrolyzed slightly and troponin C was not degraded. It was also observed that the hydrolytic rate for troponin decreased considerably in the presence of tropomyosin. The activity of calpain toward casein is maximum in the presence of 0.2M NaCl, whereas the hydro-lytic activity towards troponin T in NTM is minimum at 0.2M NaCl.
These results suggested that the hydrolytic rate of troponin subunits by calpain is markedly dependent on conformation of the substrates.
The ability of NTM to confer the Ca2+ -sensitivity to actomyosin was lost by calpain treat-ment accompanied by the increase in Mg2+ -ATPase activity in the absence of Ca2+ and the decrease in the Mg2+ -ATPase activity in the presence of Ca2+. The loss of this ability was consistent with a parallel disappearence of troponin T.View full abstractDownload PDF (2695K) -
Masaki Kaneniwa, Toru Takagi1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1681-1685
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatty acid compositions of the lipids from the fermented sea urchin paste, the salted sea urchin gonads, and the raw sea urchin gonads have been investigated with open-tubular gas-liquid chromatography. All the samples contained about 10.1-17.1% of the unusual 5-olefinic acids such as 5-18:1, 5-20:1, 5, 11-20:2, 5, 13-20:2, 5, 11, 14-20:3, and 5, 11, 14, 17-20:4 and about 0.9-1.3% of the unusual 7-olefinic acids such as 7, 13-22:2 and 7, 15-22:2, similar to the previous studies in our laboratory. The major polyunsaturated acids of these samples were 18:4 n-3 (0.2-6.3%), 20:4 n-6 (4.1-7.6%), and 20:5 n-3 (1.9-17.0%). All the samples showed about 40 species of fatty acid components and various fatty acid compositions. Especially, the salted sea urchin gonads B contained 20:5 n-3, ten times as much as the salted sea urchin gonads A. It was in-ferred that the difference between fatty acid compositions of these samples were related to the fatty acid compositions of the sea urchins which were used as the material.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
Yasuhiro Hayakawa1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1687-1694
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFluxes of dissolved inorganic nitrogen and phosphate from riverine and sewage runoff into the Ofunato estuary were measured to assess nutrient loadings and examine their frequency dis-tribution. The frequency distributions of the discharge and the nutrient concentration were well fitted to the lognormal distributions independent of each other, which led to the lognormal dis-tribution of the nutrient flux. Daily discharges were estimated from daily precipitation data using the multiple regression, and the estimated discharges could demonstrate their seasonal change including the flood after a heavy precipitation. Daily fluxes of nutrients from the river were estimated by a statistical model with a bivariate dirtribution of the daily discharge and nutrient concentration, and seasonal changes in the estimated mean and standard deviation were sampled. This model provided a strategy to estimate and predict nutrient fluxes more precisely with a more refined regression of each of the daily discharge and the nutrient concentration.View full abstractDownload PDF (567K) -
Sakae Negishi, Etsuo Watanabe1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1695
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (120K) -
Eiji Niwa, Shin-ichiro Kohda, Satoshi Kanoh, Teruo Nakayama1986 Volume 52 Issue 9 Pages 1697
Published: September 25, 1986
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (84K)
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