NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
Volume 53, Issue 4
Displaying 1-27 of 27 articles from this issue
  • Tadanobu Machii, Yukio Nose
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 519-522
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We compared the results obtained in our previous studies (one strip of netting and a single mesh) with the results of other authors on the same subjects. We dealt with English knot nylon netting. The comparisons were made with the work of litaka for one strip of netting and with the works of Tauchi, Miyoshi and Iitaka for a single mesh. For the weight of one strip of netting (100 fathoms long and 100 meshes deep), our results fitted very well with the Netting Weight Table values, but Iitaka's equation yielded values generally higher. For the weight of a single mesh (ω: two legs and one knot) ω=(π/2)D2L •{A+B(D/L)} •ρ, the constants A and B were obtained 1, 4 in Tauchi, 1, 6 in Miyoshi, 0.65, 6.5 in Iitaka, and 0.50, 4.5 in the authors respectively, where D is the diameter of twine, L is the length of one leg, and ρ is the density of twine. The assump-tions for leg and knot length are included in both the works of Tauchi and Miyoshi. litaka's equation was derived from the weight of netting in water. Our results were obtained from the measurements of netting based on the theoretical relationships of the weight in air.
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  • Yuji Ikeda, Riichi Kusuda
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 523-527
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In vitro studies on culture of eel leucocytes were performed. Leucocytes were separated from peripheral blood and incubated in CO2 incubator at 25°C. As for the morphological charac-teristics, some lymphocytes became larger and showed dark stained nucleus, but thrombocytes showed no changes. Neutrophils and monocytes spread out but they could not be distinguished from each other by the morphology. As for the changes during culture, some lymphocytes showed colony formation and the colonies became larger, that could show proliferation. Thrombocytes showed proliferation without colony formation. The spreading neutrophils and monocytes showed cluster and proliferation.
    As results, it is appropriate to conclude that eel leucocytes can proliferate under culture con-ditions, and the way of proliferation is different for each type of leucocyte.
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  • Akio Shimizu, Katsumi Aida, Isao Hanyu
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 529-536
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    An autumn-spawning bitterling, Acheilognathus rhombea was sampled at 1-2 month intervals from an outdoor pond kept under natural conditions, and their gonadal maturity and plasma steroid levels were examined.
    In underyearling fish, apparent increases of GSI, accumulation of yolk globules, and active spermatogenesis occurred during September. Decreases of GSI due to degeneration of yolk globule stage oocytes and termination of spermatogenesis occurred in late November. Judging from these results and changes in reproductive activities in aquarium-reared fish, spawning period of underyearling fish extends from early (males) or middle (females) September to late November. In yearling fish, spawning period was initiated 2 months earlier than underyearling fish, whereas it ended in the same month as underyearling fish. There may be sharp difference in initiating factor(s) of the spawning period between underyearling and yearling fish.
    Considerable plasma levels of estradiol-17β in females and testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone in males were detected during gonadal recrudescence and spawning, but these steroids were un-detectable in late November suggesting that vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis terminate im-mediately at the end of spawning period.
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  • Tasuku Watanabe, Masanori Nakano, Hiroyoshi Asakawa, Tadaaki Moritomo
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 537-542
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The primary cultures of rainbow trout fry liver cells were performed in TC199 medium sup-plemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and with 10ng/ml of epidermal growth factor (EGF) and/or 40 nM of insulin. Epithelial cells grown in a flask supplemented with EGF and insulin, designated RTL-4, could be transferred at the 40th day of the primary culture and have been subcultured 40 times. The cells got fast doubling time gradually, and were able to be transferred at intervals of 7-10 days. RTL-4 cells grow in the manner of contact inhibited monolayer and consist of large epithelial cells with a round nucleus and abundant granular organella. Electron microscopically, most of the cells were large and round with a round nucleus having a large electron-dense nucleolus at the center of nucleus and had well developed rough surfaced endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria which are the principle morphological properties of liver cells. Some of the cells were weakly PAS positive. RTL-4 cells had as high a susceptibility to IPNV as that of SE-A10 cells, when examined by plaque assay. And the cells had a tenth or less susceptibility to IHNV than that of SE-A10 cells.
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  • Kuniaki Tanaka, Osame Tabeta, Noritaka Mochioka, Juro Yamada, Shunpei ...
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 543-549
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Otolith microstructure of the conger eel (Conger myriaster) larvae was observed using the scanning electron microscope with reference to the ecology in the Seto Inland Sea, Japan. The radii and the number of rings of the otoliths from the developing stage larvae were 104-145μm and 123-172, respectively, while those from the metamorphic stage larvae were 140-496μm and 159-212, respectively. The number of rings correlated highly with the radius of otoliths (r=0.905). The growth of radius and increase of number of rings were recognized for the first time in the otolith of the conger eel larvae in relation to growth of the head during the metamorphic stage. It was assumed that narrow and clear rings in the range from the first to about the 140th-150th ring correspond to the period from hatching to developing stage of leptocephalus, while wide rings in the range from about the 150th ring to the otolith margin corresponed to the period from the latest developing stage to the metamorphic stage. The daily growth rhythm in the otolith could not be proved from reared larvae due to the disturbance of ring arrangement in the marginal region.
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  • Toshio Endo, Masato Onozawa
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 551-555
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Effects of pH and temperature of the bath water on the uptake of oxolinic acid by goldfish Carassius auratus were examined.
    The one-compartment model having two pharmacokinetic parameters, the volume of dis-tribution and clearance constant, was used to analyze the data. The model fitted the accumulation data except for a few places. The equilibrium concentration in goldfish at pH 6.0, 6.9 and 7.7 were 74.7, 23.4 and 11.5μg/g, respectively. Thus, the degree of accumulation was greater at pH below the pKa (=6.9) of oxolinic acid. The clearance constant was in the range of 0.39-0.56ml/h/g, and the volume of distribution was in the range of 1.65-2.19 ml/g at various water tem-neratures under the constant pH of 6.9, and both values increased with water temperature.
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  • Toshio Endo, Masato Onozawa
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 557-562
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Effects of artificial sea salts and two types of salt (Gen-En and Nami-En) in the bath water and the number of fish on the uptake of oxolinic acid by Ayu Plecoglossus altivelis were examined.
    The data were analyzed according to the one-compartment model in which the accumulation process is characterized by two pharmacokinetic parameters, the clearance constant and volume of distribution, and the volume of distribution reflects the capacity of accumulation. The volume of distribution in ayu exposed to oxolinic acid in fresh water and 0.85% salt (either Gen-En or Nami-En) water were similar and about 5 times higher than those obtained in 12.5% diluted arti-ficial sea water.
    The number of ayu had no effect on the uptake of oxolinic acid.
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  • Tomoaki Shinkawa, Fumio Yamazaki
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 563-568
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    There has been a long term discussion on the origin of X-cells found in skin tumors of flat-fishes and gobies. There are two different views about this X-cell origin, the first is of somatic and the second is of parasitic origin. The present observations on the X-cell division clearly indicate that the X-cells divide amitotically. First the deeply stained nucleolus produced one or sometimes 3-4 slightly stained daughter nucleoli. Then the nucleus divides by constriction to make binuclear or polynuclear X-cells according to the number of newly formed daughter nucleoli. These bi-or polynuclear X-cells divide by constriction of cell membrane without any sign of mitosis. Two different dividing patterns were clearly identified on the basis of the electron density of the nucleoli of newly formed nuclei. This dividing pattern is quite different from the usual mitotic division of somatic cells indicating that the X-cell is of parasitic origin and the diseases are not real tumors but xenomas.
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  • Takashi Nakanishi
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 569-571
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Oxygen consumption (VO2) of eggs of king crab Paralithodes camtschaticus at 20 days (E-20), 100 days (E-100), 200 days (E-200) and 300 days (E-300) after fertilization was measured at 3, 8 and 13°C and at the hypoxia.
    From E-20 to E-200, VO2 increased, but VO2 at E-200 and E-300 was the same. Oxygen consumption at 13°C was the highest and the lowest was at 3°C.
    The value of oxygen saturation where VO2 was maintained at a similar rate to VO2 at oxygen saturation of 90-100% was the lowest at E-100 at 3, 8 and 13°C. A homoeostasis of VO2 at egg stage was observed at oxygen saturation higher than 50%. The effect of water temperature on VO2 at the hypoxia had the same tendency.
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  • Izuru Kakuta, Kenji Nanba, Kazumasa Uematsu, Shiro Murachi
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 573-579
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Annual changes in the urine properties of freely swimming carp were examined monthly in connection with changes in the natural environment. Urine flow and absolute excretion volume of inorganic ions (Na+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+) and nitrogen compounds (ammo-nium, creatine, protein, urea, creatinine and uric acid) changed along with changes in water temperature. Urine osmolarity and Na+ concentration decreased markedly in May and June, but K+, creatine and protein increased significantly in May, October and Novem-ber-December, respectively. Also, it was assumed that the annual changes in these para-meters were dependent upon not only the water temperature but also several other factors, such as feeding habit and photoperiod.
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  • Nobuaki Okamoto, Kiyokazu Nakase, Tokuo Sano
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 581-584
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Artificial oral inoculation was carried out in order to get information on several factors affect-ing Ichthyophonus infection of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri with thick walled multinucleate spherical bodies of Ichthyophonus hoferi cultivated in MEM-10 and the affected internal organs of rainbow trout. The outcome of these inoculations are shown as follows: The infection in ex-perimental fish (0.9 g B.W.) was affected significantly by the water temperature. Namely, the cumulative mortality for 35 days was 100% at 20°C and 15°C, 10% at 10°C and nothing at 4°C. This experiment was carried out by feeding once with approximately 100 thick walled multinucleate spherical bodies per fish. All the survivors held at 10°C and none of the survivors held at 4°C were infected by Ichthyophonus hoferi. The cumulative mortality in the different size-fish from the same fecundity of a spawner for 35 days at 20°C was 90% in 4.5 g-fish and 45% in 1.3 g-fish. This experiment was performed by feeding once with about 3000 spherical bodies from minced affected organs per fish. When fish (2.0g B.W.) were fed once approximately 3000, 300, 30 and 3 spherical bodies originated with the minced affected organs per fish and reared at 15°C for 70 days, the cumulative mortalities were 100%, 44%, 4% and 0%, respectively. All the survivors fed 300 spherical bodies per fish, one of them fed 30 spherical bodies per fish and none of them fed 3 spherical bodies per fish were infected.
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  • Shingo Kimura, Takashige Sugimoto
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 585-593
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    In order to study the detailed characteristics of fluctuations in oceanographic condition in the coastal area of Kumano-nada Sea, data of the temperature at set net stations in Mie Prefecture and direct current measurements curried out at Katada set net station were analyzed spatially and temporally. In addition to this study, focusing on a rapid temperature ascent observed in May 1984, the relationship between coastal and offshore oceanographic conditions was also discussed using data measured by a ferry boat and current meters.
    The temperature and current data in the coastal area of Kumano-nada Sea show a clear 20 days periodicity almost the same as a period of the Kuroshio's small scale meander. And temperature becomes higher with the intensified northeastward currents.
    In connection with this 20 days periodic fluctuations, there is an obvious relationship between catches of yellow-tail Seriola quinqueradiata and coastal oceanographic conditions in the particular distinct area obtained from a cross-correlation analysis for temperatures at set net stations.
    In these observations, we could obtain schematical transitions of warm water intrusion and it had clarified the about one week time lag of response for temperatures between offshore and inshore conditions which may be attributed to a continental slope.
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  • Shuichi Satoh, Toshio Takeuchi, Takeshi Watanabe
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 595-599
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    A feeding experiment was conducted to examine availability to rainbow trout of Zn contained in white fish meal and that of various Zn compounds (ZnSO4, ZnNO3, ZnCl2, 5ZnO•2CO3) and to determine a minumum supplementary Zn level to white fish meal based diet for normal growth of rainbow trout. Fingerlings weighing 0.3g in average were fed with the test diets for 40 weeks at water temperature of 5-20°C. The lowest growth and the highest rate of occurrence of dwarfism together with the lens cataract were observed in fish receiving a diet without supplementary Zn (No-Zn) and these symptoms were effectively improved by addition of Zn at a level more than 40μg/g with ZnSO4 or ZnNO3. Zn content of vertebrae was lowest in fish fed No-Zn diet and was pro-portional to dietary Zn levels, reaching a plateau by adding more than 40μg/g of Zn.
    The results of this experiment have demonstrated that supplementation of Zn at mare than 40μg/g to white fish meal diet is necessary to obtain normal growth of rainbow trout without the appearance of dwarfism and cataract and that ZnSO4 or ZnNO3 are found to be suitable as a Zn source for this purpose. The results have also indicated that the availability of Zn in white fish meal to rainbow trout was very low, judging from the appearance of deficiency symptoms obser-ved in the fish fed with the diet without supplementary Zn which contained enough amount of Zn to satisfy apparent Zn requirement of rainbow trout.
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  • Shin-ichi Teshima, Akio Kanazawa
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 601-607
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The fate and turnover of cholesterol and β-sitosterol in the prawn Penaeus japonicus were investigated after the feeding of [4-14C] cholesterol and [22, 23-3H] β-sitosterol. Lipids were ex-tracted from the gut, hepatopancreas, hemolymph, muscle, and the remainder for analysis after 1, 24, and 240 hs of feeding of radioactive sterols. In the whole body, the half-lives (T1/2) of cholesterol and β-sitosterol were 5.4 days and 2.8 days, respectively. Cholesterol (T1/2=2.4 days) turned over at a faster rate in the hepatopancreas than β-sitosterol (T1/2=5.7 days), whereas cholesterol (T1/2=12.2 days) was retained in the muscle for a longer tiem than β-sitosterol (T1/2= 5.9 days). The prawn possessed the ability for conversion of β-sitosterol to cholesterol probably via 24-ethylidenecholest-5-enol and 24-methylenecholesterol. Ten days after feeding [3H] β-sitosterol, the whole body of the prawn contained large amounts of radioactive cholesterol (43% of total radioactive sterols).
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  • Shin-ichi Teshima, Akio Kanazawa, Koji Horinouchi, Shigehisa Yamasaki, ...
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 609-615
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    In order to define the nutritional role of dietary phospholipids (PL) in larval fish, the PL classes and possible fatty acid combinations of phosphatidylcholine (PC) were investigated on the food organisms such as the micro-algae and rotifers Brachionus plicatilis, post-larval prawns (P-30) Penaeus japonicus, and larval fish. PC and phosphatidylethanolamine were the major PL classes in a marine Chlorella (CH), Tetraselmis (TS), rotifers cultured with either CH or TS, red sea bfeam (40-days old) Chrysophrys major, knife jaw (30 days-old) Oplegnathus fasciatus, Ayu (74-days old) Ptecoglossus altivelis, and prawn. The major PC in the larval fish and prawn were those having fatty acid combinations of C16C20 (mainly C16:0, C20:5ω3), C16C22 (mainly C16:0C22:6ω3), and C18C22 (mainly C18:0C22:6ω3 and/or C18:1ω9C22:6ω3). Because larval fish are incapable of de novo synthesis of ω3-and ω6-series of fatty acids and also possibly have a limited ability for the synthesis of some PC, a part of these PC occurring in the larval fish may be derived from food organisms such as the rotifers which contained PC with fatty acid combinations of C16C20 (mainly Cl6:0C20:5ω3).
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  • Hiroko Narita, Sorokuro Matsubara, Norinaga Miwa, Sousuke Akahane, Mas ...
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 617-621
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Intestines of a starfish Astropecten polyacanthus were examined for microflora, as part of the studies on the mechanism of toxification of trumpet shell Charonia sauliae which contains mostly tetrodotoxin (TTX) and sporadically causes human poisonings. The starfish showed a somewhat unique microflora which was composed mainly of bacteria belonging to the two genera Vibrio and Staphylococcus. Four V. alginolyticus and six V. damsela strains were identified from among a total of 22 strains isolated.
    The cell extract of each strain was analyzed for TTX by HPLC, UV spectrophotometry and GC-MS. TTX was identified in two V. alginolyticus strains by all the three methods. In addi-tion, some V. alginolyticus and V. damsela strains, as well as some Staphylococcus strains, disclosed the presence of TTX when analyzed by GC-MS and/or HPLC.
    It was concluded from these results that these strains, especially the two V. alginolyticus strains, could closely be involved in toxification of the starfish.
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  • Deng-Fwu Hwang, Tamao Noguchi, Yuji Nagashima, I-Chiu Liao, Kanehisa H ...
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 623-626
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Attempts were made to elucidate the responsible toxin in the cultured purple clam Solerellina diphos which recently caused food poisoning incidents in South Taiwan.
    Ten clam specimens collected from the culture pond were assayed for the anatomical distri-bution of toxicity (as paralytic shellfish poison=PSP). The digestive gland showed the highest toxicity, 2, 000±1, 600(mean±S.E.) MU/g, followed by other parts (160±110MU/g) and siphon (33±24MU/g).
    The toxin was partially purified from the ethanolic extract of the bivalve digestive glands by ul-trafiltration and Bio-Gel P-2 column chromatography. TLC, cellulose acetate membrane electro-phoresis and HPLC analyses demonstrated that the toxin consisted almost exclusively of gonyau-toxins 1-4, along with trace amounts of saxitoxins.
    It was concluded from these results that the causative agent of the above food poisoning was nothing else than PSP.
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  • Michiko Shimomura, Juichiro J. Matsumoto
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 627-632
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Misozuke of fish meat is a traditional processing and cooking where fish meat was cured in miso(fermented soybean paste) for the purpose of preserving fish and improving its eating quality. Experiments were carried out to investigate changes in texture and in constituent proteins of fish meat cured in miso. Sensory tests revealed that during the curing period, miso-cured meat became tender and more fragile. Hardness of texturometer test increased up to the 7th day and then decreased till the 21st day. SDS-PAGE patterns indicated that actomyosin extracted from the meat cured in miso was decomposed into smaller molecular size. Since the decomposition of proteias extracted from the muscle cured in cooked miso was hardly seen, most of the decom-position of proteins of miso-cured meat was presumed to be caused by enzyme of miso. This effect of enzyme in miso was confirmed by the fact that the decomposition of actomyosin and water soluble proteins of fish muscle was seen during preservation with added miso crude enzyme solution and was inhibited by the addition of proteinase inhibitors.
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  • Tadahiro Numakura, Nobuo Seki, Ikuo Kimura, Kyohei Toyoda, Takao Fujit ...
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 633-639
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    When frozen surimi from Alaska pollack was incubated at 25°C, a deterioration in the qualityof surimi was assessed by measuring its myofibrillar Ca-ATPase total activity. In addition, thegel strength, solubility with SDS-urea-mercaptoethanol solution, and myosin heavy chain (HC) content of the fish gel (kamaboko) were examined with a lapse of incubation time.
    It was thus found that a decrease in the Ca-ATPase activity of frozen surimi accompanied byarelatively large decrease in gel strength of the fish gel of the same material. It was also foundthat as the Ca-ATPase activity of frozen surimi inactivated, the reducing rate of HC during settingwas evidently decreased.
    The fish gel prepared fram native frozen surimi turned to harden and to solubilize into SDS-urea-mercaptoethanol solution with the setting of fish paste proceeding; whereas the fish gel fromincubated surimi (i.e. denatured surimi) retained a nearly complete solubility in the same solution.
    These findings suggested a possibility that there are some other types of binding strengthamong HCs, formed by setting of fish paste from surimis of different qualities.
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  • Kenji Hara, Atsushi Suzumatsu, Kohichi Yukawa, Tadashi Ishihara
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 641-647
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    From the ammonium sulfate precipitate fraction (50-80%) of the crude extract of carp muscle, three kinds of aminopeptidase (designated AP-Ia, AP-II and AP-III) with different substrate specificity were separated by DEAE-Sephacel, hydroxyapatite and Sephadex G-150 column chro-matography. The molecular weights of AP-Ia, AP-II and AP-III were estimated to be about 73, 000, 115, 000 and 107, 000 by gel filtration, respectively. The pH optima of each enzyme wereabout 7.3, 8.5, and 7.3, respectively.
    AP-Ia by.drolyzed amino acid-β-naphthylamides (Pro->Ala->Leu->Val->Phe-βNA), (Ala)2, (Ala)3, and (Ala)4. But Asp-βNA, Gly-βNA, Gly-Gly and Leu-Gly were resistant to hydrolysis.
    AP-II was strongly inactivated by p-chloromercuribenzoate (PCMB) and o-phenanthroline (ο-PHE), and slightly activated by Co2+, Mn2+ and Mg2+. A variety of dipeptide were hydrolyzed by this enzyme, but amino acid-β-naphthylamides, tripeptides, (Ala)4, dipeptide-amides and benzoyl- dipeptides were not hydrolyzed.
    AP-III was inactivated by PCMB and ο-PHE, and slightly activated by dithiothritol (DTT) and Co2+. Varlous tripeptides were hydrolyzed by this enzyme, but dipeptides, (Ala)4 and amino acid-β-naphthylamides were not hydrolyzed.
    From these results, AP-II and AP-III are probaly dipeptidase [EC 3.4.13.11] and tripeptide aminopeptidase [EC 3.4.11.4], respectively.
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  • Shigeo Sato, Norikazu Nakagawa, Takahide Tsuchiya, Juichiro J. Matsumo ...
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 649-658
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Changes of fine structures of fish muscle matters along the kamaboko preparation process were examined under electron microscope. In the minced meat (nama surimi), nearly intact myofibrillar structures were seen. The cross sections showed a hexagonal arrangement with six actin filaments surrounding each myosin filament. In the minced meat adjusted to 75-78% moisture, myofibrillar structures without any appreciable M-lines were found, while bundles of irregularly arranged filaments were observed. When the minced meat is ground with NaCl, disintegration of the myofibrillar structures was found to proceed with the length of grinding time. In the meat paste obtained by grinding the minced meat with NaCl for 15 minutes, only filaments of 7nm in diameter were observed, which was assigned as actomyosin filaments, based on its cross section structure's similar to that of actomyosin. There was a difference in fine structures between the kamabokos which were cooked with and without setting treatment. Dispersion profiles of protein were more uniform in the former than in the latter. In low protein concentration portions, network structures of single and bundled filaments were found regardless of setting treatment applied. However, filaments of setting treated kamabokos were thicker than those of non-setting kamabokos.
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  • Teruo Nakayama, Satoshi Kanoh, Eiji Niwa
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 659-664
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Unfolding protein structure by denaturant and rearranging intramolecular bonds to intermolecular bonds might be useful technique to generate proteins which exhibit new physical properties. From this viewpoint, some research was carried out to investigate if structured sardine products are feasible in both sol state and gel state. When the incubation of sardine paste (prepared from round sardine) in the presence of denaturant did not bring about any increase of viscoelasticity, the removal of denaturant by dialysis did not induce gelation. In this instance, 8M LiBr was used a sadenaturant. When the incubation of sardine paste in the presence of denaturant did bring about the increase of viscoelasticity or the occurrence of gelation, the removal of denaturant by dialysis promoted gelation still more. In this instance, 4M, 8M NH2C(=NH)NH2HSCN, or 4M NaSCN was used as a denaturant. The local unfolding of protein structure by 8M LiBr induced sardine sol to be hydrated and viscous. The local unfolding of protein structure by 4M NaSCN induced sardine gel made of coarse particles. The complete unfolding of protein structure by 4M or 8M NH2C(=NH)NH2HSCN induced sardine sol easy to flow and sardine gel made of fine structure.
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  • Yuji Kawai, Mutsuo Hatano, Koichi Zama
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 665-671
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Myosin solutions were prepared and heated at 20°, 40°, 60°, 80°, and 100°C for 15min atneutral pH, and the emulsifying properties of the heat-treated myosins were investigated.
    Emulsification of myosin and triolein was carried out by sonification at 60W for 1min. Aninverse relation was observed between the emulsifying properties and heating temperature of myosin solutions.
    Vector analysis showed that the emulsions were dcmulsified in the direction ofocculation and coalescence when the heating temperature of myosin was 40°C or below and that of separation (i.e. creaming) and coalescence when the heating temperature was 60°C or above.
    As for the interaction between protein and lipids, adsorption of myosin to triolein globules by the emulsification process showed the Low affinity type. The higher the heating temperature and the greater the amount of myosin adsorbed, the greater the concentration of myosin in theadsorbing membrane.
    It was concluded that the interfacial phenomena of myosin were affected by the heat denatura-tion of myosin. In addition, the interfacial phenomena suggest a remarkable change near 45°C (transition temperature). The transition temperature for the heat denaturation was calculated from the change in the hydrophobicity.
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  • Kayoko Kasahara, Kokichi Nishibori
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 673-676
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The effect of the heating temperature on volatile components of roasted lever Porphyra tenera were studied. Volatile components of dried lover and three roasted lavers heated at 140, 200, and 250°C were analyzed by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
    Ten, 10, 17, and 18 components from the dried laver and roasted laver heated at 140, 200, and 250°C were identified. As the heating temperature increased, the peak intensity of acetaldehyde, isobutyraldehyde, and isovaleraldehyde increased. Pyrazines and γ-butyrolactone were detected in the roasted laver heated at a temperature above200°C, and the peak of γ-butyrolactone in the roasted laver heated at 250°C was larger than that heated at 200°C.
    Even if the heating temperature increased, the peak intensity of hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan and dimethyl sulfide hardly increased.
    Therefore the carbonyls, pyrazines and γ-butyrolactone found in the roasted laver seemed to contribute to the roasted aroma.
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  • Masahiro Hata, Ikuo Matsumoto, Masao Itoh, Mitsuo Hata, Satoru Akashig ...
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 677-680
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Recently yellowish colored oysters, so called “Kigaki”, were found in Kesennuma Bay, Maizuru Bay and Hiroshima Bay. They showed yellow body fluid in the normal colored soft body. The yellowish coloration of oysters was temporazy and the yellow pigment disappeared in a few weeks (half time 2-3 days).
    The yellow pigment was extracted with water and isolated by DEAF-Sephadex A-25 ion exchange chromatography, Bio-Gel P-6 gel filtration, silica gel thin layer chromatography andpaper chromatography. The properties of purified yellow pigment were as follows; soluble in water, 95%MeOH, 80%EtOH. Insoluble in ether, chloroform, acetone, benzene, buthanol, ethylacetate, methylethylketone, methylene chloride. Decomposed in boiling water. Stable in 1 N NaOH. Unstable in 0.1 N HCl. UV max. (nm) 257, (300), 460 (water), 260, (307), 462 (MeOH). IR (cm-1 KBr) 3400, 1600, 1500, 1380-1390, 1300, 1200, 1120, 1040, 900, 600. Ninhydrin reac-tion, Dragendorff reaction, alkaline silver nitrate reaction, iron (III) chloride reaction, Gmelin reaction and sodium-o-pentacyanoammine ferroate reaction were negative. Formaldehyde-o-dinitrobenzene reaction was positive. Trimethylsilylation (2 OH groups) and reduction with sodium borohydride were positive. This pigment did not pass the ultrafilter (Toyo UH-1, MW1000). These results suggest that this pigment has aromatic structure, 2 OH groups, o-diketone, C=N or amide structure.
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  • Jun Kohbara, Kenji Nanba, Shiro Murachi
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 681
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kunio Suetsuna, Kazuyuki Kunihiro
    1987 Volume 53 Issue 4 Pages 683
    Published: April 25, 1987
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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