All issues
Volume 53, Issue 6
Displaying 1-30 of 30 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Kenji Nanba, Izuru Kakuta, Kazumasa Uematsu, Shiro Murachi1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 913-918
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe blood properties of free swimming carp were examined as a function of annual changes in urine properties. Statistically significant changes were found in Ht values and concentrations of K+ in the plasma. Throughout the examination period, U/P ratios with values below 1.0 were observed in osmolarity (minimum 0.06-maximum 0.19) and inorganic ions (Na+, 0.05-0.20; K+, 0.10-0.86; Ca2+, 0.03-0.19 and Mg2+, 0.02-0.60). Individual differences and annual changes in most of the blood properties were not particularly remarkable compared to those found in urine. The changing patterns of U/P ratios were close to those of the concentrations of urine components.View full abstractDownload PDF (295K) -
Kenji Nanba, Izuru Kakuta, Shiro Murachi1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 919-923
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the plasma of carp, no statistically significant annual variation was observed in the concentrations of protein, creatine, ammonium, creatinine, and uric acid except for urea. The concentration of protein remained relatively constant throughout the year. Annual variation patterns of U/P ratios of nitrogen compounds were similar to the corresponding urinary ones. The U/P ratio of protein was always low, less than 0.05, while that of ammonium exceeded 16.6. That of urea varied from 0.1 to 8.7 according to season. Those of creatine, creatinine, and uric acid were more than 1.0 and annual variations were large. These results suggest that carp kidney possibly plays some essential role in the homeostasis of these compounds in the blood.View full abstractDownload PDF (278K) -
Takashi Koike, Kanau Matsuike1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 925-932
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBlinking frequencies and contrast ratios between bright and dark light intensities of inter-mittent lights for which a school of fish had the most prominent hatred and those for which the school did not show any dislike were studied from an ecological point of view in this report. Jap-anese horse-mackerel Trachuras japonicus were used soon after being caught by a stationary trap net for the experiments. The observations of the fish school's behavior in response to the intermittent lights which have different blinking frequencies and contrast ratios between bright and dark light intensities were continuously carried on for a period of 70 days, during which ex-perimental fish were replaced with new ones everyday. Total number of fish used for the study amounted to 1, 050.
As a result, it is concluded that the most hateful blinking frequencies of intermittent lights for the school are in the region of 1.36 c/s to 0.62 c/s; that the intermittent lights having such contrast ratios as more than 60:1 are confirmed to exert a prominent effect on behavior of the school of fish, but such effect disappears in the case of the ratio 2:1.View full abstractDownload PDF (567K) -
Takashi Oshiro1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 933-939
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCytological investigation was made on the early development of gynogenetic diploids as faras the stage of two balstomeres in the loach Misgurnus anguillicaudatus. Diploid gynogenesis was induced by the cold-shock treatement (CST; 0°C, 30 min) of eggs after the insemination of UV-irradiated (9, 000erg/mm2) sperm. Before CST, oocyte was penetrated by a single spermatozoon and resumed second meiosis to reach the anaphase. During CST, meiosis did not proceed beyond the anaphase II, and the aster and spindle fibers disappeared except for the connecting fibers between the daughter chromosome groups at the spindle poles. The sperm nucleus remained as a condensed mass. After CST, the two haploid sets of oocyte chromosomes reunited and developed into a diploid female pronucleus. On the other hand, the spermnucleus, swelling to be transformed into a male pronucleus with aster fibers, approached andcame in contact with the female pronucleus. Then it underwent pycnosis without amphimixis and did not participate in the first karyokinesis, remaining on the equatorial plane attached toapart of the spindle as a dense chromatin body (DCB). Until the second karyokinesis, DCB was recognized in the cytoplasm of one of the two blastomeres. Thus direct evidence andsome aspects of mechanisms of the induction of gynogenetic diploids under the present condi-tions were submitted.View full abstractDownload PDF (2759K) -
Izuru Kakuta1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 941-945
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmong brackish T. obscurus, fresh water T. brevispinis, and marine T. trigonocephalus, there was a great difference in their osmotic regulation abilities, though they belong to the samegenus.
In particular, T. obscurus had the highest adaptability to sudden changes of environmental salinity. Conccntrations of Na+in plasma and musle and those of Cl-, NPN, ammoia and urea in muscle increased with the rise of environmental salinity. Increasing rate of nitrogen compounds was noticeably larger than that of other fish. These results suggest that nitrogen compounds probably play an important rote in osmotic regulation.
In addition, salinity of their habitat most likely brings about the difference of osmotic regulation abilities among these fish, and furthermore, these abilities vary according to the seasons.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K) -
Akihiko Yatsu, Yoh Watanabe1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 947-952
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSelectivity curves for Allothunnus fallai were estimated from 44 fishing operations in the South Pacific from November 1985 to February 1986, using 104, 125, 150, 180 and 216mm mesh nylon multifilament gill nets. The ratio of optimum fish length to the particular mesh size was 4.20 for a site in December, 4.53 for sites in November and 4.47 for all sites combined. Although selectivity curves differed by fishing area and/or date in their optimum fish length and in the slope of their descending arms which were gentler than previously reported ones for various fishes. The infra- and inter specific differences in present selectivity curves were discussed in relation to con-dition factor (fatness) of fish and position of mark by mesh on fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (338K) -
Hitomi Hirose, Hiroshi Akamatsu, Takashi Hibiya1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 953-957
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp (average body Length 7.1cm) was experimentally infected with oncomiracidium of Diptozoon nipponicum. The development of diporpae and their pairing were observed followingthe infection for 7 days at 25°C.
The 2nd, 3rd and 4th pair of clamps were first confirmed 2, 3, 7days following infection, respectively.
The ventral sucker was first observed after 3 days. Pairing of two diporpae occurred after 4 days, as a result of formation of the ventral sucker, an essential organ for pairing. All the paired diporpae had three, less often four, pairs of clamps, indicating that diporpae with 3rd clamp were ready for pairing.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Masahiko Awaji, Isao Hanyu1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 959-965
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe wild type medaka Oryzias latipes were collected from irrigation canals near Ushikunuma pond (Ibaraki Pref.) almost every month for a year and a half. Seasonal changes of body length distribution, gonadosomatic index and gonadal histology were examined in both sexes. The surface water temperatures, probably the main factor for the maturation of the medaka, were measured at noon of sampling days and compared with those of the circulating outdoor tank. The underyearling fish were distinguished from the yearling fish by body length. In July and August the ovaries of some large underyearling females contained yolk globule stage oocytes, but all the fish had regressed ovaries in September. Yolk vesicle formation proceeded from autumn through winter and the spawning period began in mid-April after yolk globule accumula-tion since early April. Underyearling males in June already had matured testes and spermato-genesis was observable until October. After inactivity during winter spermatogenesis resumed in early spring to restore its full activity in mid-April. After July the yearling fish of both sexes were hardly collected and the spawning in August was mainly conducted by the underyearling fish. The surface water temperatures of the capture sites at about noon were usually higher than the maximum temperature of the circulating outdoor tank of the day.View full abstractDownload PDF (1645K) -
Michiaki Nakazato, Akira Takemura1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 967-973
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe calls of the Japanese parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus consisted of a pulse or a series of pulse sounds. The calls were divided into three patterns by method of pulse sound projection, namely, single popped call, complex popped call and repeated popped call. Each pulse sound was made of a frequency component from less than 30Hz to about 1kHz. The duration of pulse sound was usually 13-20 msec. In complex popped call, the interval between each pulse sound was 11-367 msec. In repeated pulse call, the repetition rate of each pulse sound was from 0.5 to 1.4 per second. The frequency of sound emitting became high before and after sunrise and sunset. They emitted vigorous calls during the spawning period. The calls which are mainly used for threatening invaders, are made by the rapid movement of the operculum and amplified by the swim-bladder.View full abstractDownload PDF (513K) -
Yasuki Ogawa, Shunpei Kakuda1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 975-977
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spermatozoa obtained from the mature Kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus BATE wereobserved with the scanning electron microscope. Seminal fluid was taken out, respectively, of the spermatophore in the male and of the spermatophore inside the seminal receptacle in the female.
The spermatozoa from male and female are identical in shape and size. The external mor-phology of the spermatozoa of P. japonicus consists of a hemispherical head (main body)of about 4.2 to 5.2μm in maximal diameter and an extremely slender tail (or spike) of about 5.5 to 6.6μm long, which projects from the convex side of the head. The basal side of the head is intensively hollowed at the central region. The whole surface of the head is rough whereas that of the tailis smooth.
The spermatozoa of Decapoda are so far separated into the unistellate sperm of natantians and the multistellate sperm of reptantians. This separation is applicable to the present species since the spermatozoa of P. japonicus, which belongs to natantia, are typically unistellated.View full abstractDownload PDF (1031K) -
Jun Kohbara, Shiro Murachi, Kenji Nanba1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 979-983
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOcular abnormalities in cazp exposed to the surfactants, laurylbenzene sulfonate(10 ppm, 20ppm) and sodium stearate (10ppm, 50ppm) were investigated. Exposure to the two kinds of surfactants produced almost similar symptoms in the ocular fundus of the carp. The initial abnormality was dilation of the hyaloid vessels. This dilation can be regarded as an early sign of disturbance in the external environment. The final sign was narrowing of these vessels. Normal hyaloid vessels become dilated as a result of even slight anoxia. However, the narrowing of hyaloid vessels affected by the surfactants never become dilated under the same anoxic conditions. In some carp, wide spreading white patches and pigmented patches were observed in the fundus. From these observations, it was considered that some degeneration occurred in the hyaloid vessels. These abnormalities of the retina may be the result of a functional disorder of the peripheral cir-culatory system. Using our ophthalmoscopic method, we were able to clearly follow the transi- tion of a morbid state in fish to some extent. This method is considered to be suitable for practical use in the clinical examination of fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1320K) -
Yasuo Matsukawa, Yoshinori Sato, Katsuyuki Sasaki1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 985-989
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the benthic flux of nutrient salts on intertidal flats and its role on the nutrient circulation, the vertical distribution of nutrient salts in the interstitial water and its fluctua-lion with tidal level variation were observed in summer on an intertidal flat in Mikawa Bay. The tidal exchange of the interstitial water, i. e. exudation of the interstitial water from the flat bed in ebb tide and abrupt penetration of the overlying water into the flat bed in flood tide, were strongly suggested. The benthic flux of nutrient salts due to the tidal exchange was estimated at about 1.5mg atom/m2 day for NH4-N, -0.1mg atom/m2 day for NO2-N+NO3-N, 0.1mg atom/m2 day for PO4-P and 2.7mg atom/m2 day for SiO2-Si. The negative value of the flux for NO2-N+NO3-N indicates the denitrification in the sand layer just below the flat surface. The total benthic flux on the flat estimated for N and P are very small compared with the supply from the land, the total net photosynthesis and the total sedimentation evaluated previously through a box model analysis of nutrient budget on the flat. This probably implies that the nutrients supplied onto the flat circulate mostly within the overlying water and living organisms on the flat, The vertical diffusion coefficient corresponding to the benthic flux due to the tidal exchange was also estimated at the order of 10-3cm2/s which is reasonably large compared with the molecular diffusivity of solute in interstitial waters generally in the order of 10-6 to 10-5cm2/s.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Kazuya Nagasawa, Shuka Maruyama1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 991-994
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBrown sole Limanda herzensteini from the northern and southern areas off the Okhotsk coast of Hokkaido were examined for the occurrence of a parasitic pennellid copepod, Haemobaphes diceraus. There were marked differences in prevalence of infection between the two areas but no significant differences in its level among collection localities within respective areas. These results suggest that brown sole in both areas do not intermingle with each other and Form separate popula-tions. The mean body length, body weight, and body condition of infected fish were lower than those of uninfected fish, indicating that this parasite induces adverse effects on brown sole such as the retardation of growth and the loss of weight.View full abstractDownload PDF (291K) -
Makito Kobayashi, Katsumi Aida, Hidetsugu Sakai, Toyoji Kaneko, Kiyosh ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 995-1003
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSalmon gonadotropin (GtH) was purified from the pituitary glands of Chinook salmon Oncorhynchus tschawytscha. In addition, antiserum against the purified GtH was produced. Both the purified GtH and the antiserum were used to develop a radioimmunoassay for quantifying salmon GtH. The minimum detectable quantity of salmon GtH was 0.44 ng/ml (22 pg/tube). The intraassay and the interassay coefficients of variation were 6.0% (N=5) and 7.9% (N=6), respectively. The competition curves for plasma and pituitary samples of sahmonid fishes were parallel to the standard curve. Thus, this system was found to be suitable for the measurement of GtH in many salmonid fishes. However, pituitary samples of other teleost fishes showed low or no cross-reaction to this system. The salmon GtH RIA developed in this study was physiologically validated by detecting the ovulatory changes in plasma GtH levels known to occur in rainbow trout. Plasma steroid hormone levels were also measured and their roles in relation to GtH were discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1825K) -
Riichi Kusuda, Masami Hamaguchi1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1005-1008
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEfficacy of various direct immersion methods was investigated for the development of a practical vaccine against pseudotuberculosis in cultured yellowtail. Formalin-killed Pasteurella piscicida was used to immunize fish, one, two, three times by immersion and a combination of single immersion and oral vaccination methods. An artificial infection at three doses of P. piscicida to determine efficacy of various administered methods was carried out three weeks after the first vaccination. The relative percent survival at ten days after artificial infectionwere:a) 8.0×104 cfu/ml:0% in one immersion, 7% in two immersion, 13% in three immersions 17% in immersion+oral methods; b) 8.0×103 cfu/ml: 22% in one immersion, 39% in two im-mersions, 51% in three immersions and 65% in immersion+oral methods and c) 8.0×102 cfu/mt: 30% in immersion+oral methods. Agglutination titers against P. piscicida in the serum and skin mucus were determined in vaccinated fish prior to artificial infection and were observed to be enhanced with increasing frequency of immersion. In addition, agglutination titers against P. piscicida were observed in the intestinal mucus of fish vaccinated by three times immersion and a combination of immsersion and oral methods. Efficacy of direct immsersion methods increased with increasing administration times and combined with oral vaccination methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (344K) -
Ryuji Ueno, Chongsheng Yuan, Yoshishige Horiguchi1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1009-1016
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA neutralβ-N-acetylglucosaminidase was purlfied from carp blood by a combination of ammonium sulfate fractionation, Cellulofine GCL-2000 gel filtration, DEAE-cellulose chromato-graphy, hydroxyapatite column chromatography, Mono Q column chromatography, affinity chromatography on ρ-aminophenyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucosamine coupled with CNBr-activated Sepharose 4B and chromatofocusing on Mono P column. The specific activity of the enzyme was increased about 1425-fold in 2.4% yield, and the final preparation proved to be homo-geneous on polyacrylamide disc gel electrophoresis.View full abstractDownload PDF (782K) -
Ryuji Ueno, Chongsheng Yuan, Yoshishige Horiguchi1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1017-1024
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe purified carp blood neutral β-N-acetylglucosaminidase has been distinguished. The enzyme had a pH optimum of 6.5, but it was quite stable in pH range from 7.0 to 11.0. The enzyme was heat-labile and lost more than 90% of the activity when preincubated at 50°C for 10min. The enzyme was stimulated by dithiothreitol and 2-mercaptoethanol at a concentration of about 10mM and not inhibited by free N-acetylgalactosamine or acetate. Inhibition by divalent metal ions increased in the order of Mn2+<Zn2+<Cu2+<Hg2+, but the enzyme was activated by Co2+ and Ca2+ at a concentration of 1 mM. The Km of the enzyme for synthetic substrate, 4-methyl-umbelliferyl-2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside, was 0.22 mM. The neutral β-N-acetyl-glucosaminidase appeared to be specific to β-N-acetylglucosaminide derivatives. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 240, 000 by gel filtration and the isoelectric point (pI) was 4.2. The enzyme was stable for 6 months when kept in 50% glycerol. It is suggested that the neutral β-N-acetylglucosaminidase in carp blood may correspond to those in human, bovine and rat brain tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (524K) -
Hiroki Nakagawa, Noriyuki Enomoto, Makio Asakawa1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1025-1031
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe liver of common octopus Octopus vulgaris contained extremely high activity of β-N-acetyl-hexosaminidase which is useful for structural and functional studies of complex carbohydrates. Asimple procedure has been devised for the isolation of β-N-acetylhexosaminidase from the liver inan electrophoretically homogeneous form. The procedure involved heat treatment at 68°C for 20min, Sephadex G-200 gel filtration, and CM-Sephadex C-50 chromatography. The purified enzyme was sufficiently free from other glycosidases and proteases. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be 147, 000 by Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The enzyme exhibited the optimum pH at pH 5.0 and was stable between pH 4 and 8. For p-nitrophenyl β-N-acetylgluco-saminide, Km was 0.63mM and Vmax was 192μmol/min•mg.View full abstractDownload PDF (1168K) -
Hiroki Nakagawa, Makio Asakawa, Noriyuki Enomoto1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1033-1037
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGlycosidases are useful for structural and functional studies of glycoproteins and glycolipids. To explore the highly suitable glycosidase sources among marine animals, glycosidase activities in the livers of various fishes and some mollusks were measured. Relatively high activities of various glycosidases were found in all the livers examined. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase activity was extremely high in the livers of common octopus, sea breams, croaker, and common squid. α-N-Acetylgalactosaminidase activity was fairly high in all the livers and most dominant in skipjack liver. β-Galactosidase and α-mannosidase activities were also sufficiently high in the livers of sea breams, common octopus, common squid, yellowtail, and common horse mackerel to use these livers as the enzyme source. The extractability of glycosidases increased by approximately 20% after moderate autolysis of the livers.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
Hiroki Nakagawa, Noriyuki Enomoto, Makio Asakawa1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1039-1045
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSubstantial glycosidase activities were found in all the external mucous materials of various fishes regardless of their habitats. β-N-Acetylhexosaminidase activity was the most dominant among glycosidase activities examined. Since β-N-acetylhexosaminidase occurred enough in the mucous materials to be isolated, individual, β-N-acetylhexosaminidases were purified from the mucousmaterials of eel, loach, and stingray and their enzymatic properties were compared. During the course of the purification, these enzymes behaved quite similarly on Sephadex G-200 gel filtra-tion and CM-cellulose chromatography. The molecular weights, pH optima, and pH stabilities of the enzymes were almost identical although the Km value of the stingray enzyme toward p-ninophenyl β-N-acetylglucosalminide differed from that of the other enzymes. The above facts do not support a possibility that the glycosidases may be a product of bacteria which live in the mucous material but strongly support a possibility that the enzymes may be a secretion from the fish skin.View full abstractDownload PDF (483K) -
Nobuhiro Kanno, Minoru Sato, Yoshikazu Sato1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1047-1050
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe presence of ATP-sulphurylase in 12 species of marine macroalgae was investigated using the molybdolysis assay. ATP-sulphurylase was purified from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis, which showed the highest enzyme activity among 12 species, by(NH4)2SO4 fraction, column chro-matography on Sephadex G200, Red-Sepharose CL 6B and DEAE-Sephadex A50. The purified enzyme was homogeneous with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Molecular weight analysis on high-speed gel filtration and SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis suggest the enzyme is a monomeric one having a molecular weight of 53000.View full abstractDownload PDF (943K) -
Yoshihiro Ochiai, Toshiya Katsuragi, Kanehisa Hashimoto1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1051-1055
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Aosa” Ulva lactuca (green alga), “arame” Eisenia bicyclis (brown alga), and “makusa” Gelidium amansii (red alga) were extracted with KCl-phosphate buffer (I=0.5, pH 7.5), and frac-tionated with ammonium sulfate.
Nitrogen distribution was higher in 0-20% saturation fraction for aosa, in>80% saturation fraction for arame, and 40-60% saturation fraction for makusa.
The extracts of aosa and arame contained nonprotein nitrogen up to 34% of the total nitrogen, in contrast to that of makusa 13%. Each of the water-soluble, salt-soluble, and alkali-soluble protein fractions accounted for less than 10% of the total nitrogen through the three seaweeds. Irrespective of the species, the three protein fractions were rich in aspartic and glutamic acids, glycine and alanine, and poor in methionine, tyrosine and histidine.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Kenji Hayashi, Shoichi Yamamoto1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1057-1063
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lipid class compositions of the different tissues and stomach contents of the gonatid squids Berryteuthis magister from the northwest Pacific were investigated.
In this species, the liver contained a remarkably high amount of lipids, which were characterized by high percentage of diacyl glyceryl ethers and triglycerides. On the contrary, the lipids of the mantle, ovary and stomach contents were low in the above types of lipids but high in phospholipids. Besides this, the stomach content lipids also consisted of large amounts of wax esters. Alkyl glyceryl ethers originated from diacyl glyceryl ethers of the examined tissues and stomach contents were very similar in composition; the most abundant component was chimyl alcohol followed by selachyl alcohol. Of the stomach content lipids, fatty alcohols derived from the wax ester were constituted mainly of 16:0, 18:1, 20:1 and 22:1 alcohols. Differences were found in the percentageof the component fatty acids of the total lipids among the examined tissues and stomach contents.
It was found that the diacyl glyceryl ethers were in an unusually high concentration in the livers at various growth stages of B. magister studied. Thus it was postulated that these ether-linked lipids are probably biosynthesized via some of the dietary fatty alcohols, which would be a possible origin of the alkyl moiety of the compounds, rather than as a direct accumulation from dietary sources.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Hideo Iwasaki, Jun Ishii, Seiji Ueda1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1065-1071
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain information on the threshold level of eutrophication inhibiting the reproduction of useful marine organisms in shallow waters, the relation between the organic matter content of bottom sediment and the benthic biomass was analyzed in Ise and Mikawa Bays.
Of the benthic biomass, Polychaeta was dominant, and occurred in 39 species in Ise Bay, 75 percent in individuals, 14.4 percent in wet weight; while in Mikawa Bay it was 40 species, 45.1 percent in individuals, 21.9 percent in wet weight. The benthos occurred densely at the mouth of both bays and the east-side of Chita peninsula. In Ise Bay, the organic matter content of the sediment, ranging from 1.9 to 30.5 mg/g in TOC, from 0.22 to 3.61 mg/g in TN, was lower than that in the neighboring bays. On the contrary, dissolved iron in the pore water of the sediment showed a remarkable high value, 0.4mg/l in average. The ratio of C/N was also higher than in Mikawa Bay. Horizontal distribution of COD, TOC, and TN in the sediment was generally similar, and the organic matter contents were the highest in the coastal area from Tsu to Matsusaka in Ise Bay, the inner parts of the west and the north of the Mikawa Bay.
High correlations (>r=0.94) between COD, TOC, and TN in the sediment, were observed. Benthos was the most abundant in a range of 3 to 8mg/g of COD value, and became poor above 14mg/g in COD, 0.4mg/g in Total sulfide S content of the sediment. The results suggested that COD value, TOC, TN, and Total sulfide S contents were good indices of eutrophic level in shallow waters, and the threshold value for benthos production were about 14mg/g in COD value, cor-respond to 15.6mg/g in TOC, 1.65mg/g in TN, and the Total sulfide S content of 0.4 mg/g.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Motoi Matsuura, Ken-ichi Arai1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1073-1082
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMyosin native thick filamant(nTF)was prepared as usual from the muscle of carp, tilapia and rabbit for reference. The three nTF's were comparable to each other in both length and Polarity.
Reformed thick filament (rTF) which was prepared from each fish nTF by dissolvingin 0.5MKCl and diluting was definitely shorter than the original nTF, in contrast to rabbit nTF, which showed essentially the same length as the nTF.
Carp and rabbit rTF's were bipolar, whereas tilapia rTF was not. However, tilapia nTF gave rise to a bipolar rTF when prepared in the presence of more than s mM MgClz.
Fish rTF of bipolar nature exhibited essentially the same actin-activated Mg-ATPase acrivity as did their nTF's.View full abstractDownload PDF (3068K) -
Eiichi Nishide, Hiroshi Anzai, Naoyuki Uchida1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1083-1088
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yields of hot-water extracts (HWE), water-soluble alginates (WSA) and fucose-containing polysaccharides (FCP) from brown algae of various sources in Japan were investigated. In addition, the contents of fucose, uronic acid and suifate in the FCP were determinated.
The following results were obtained.
1) The yields of HWE varied from 2.44% for Sargassum thumbergii to 19.44% for Laminariareligiosa. The HWE contents in Laminariaceae are generally higher than those in Sargassaceae.
2) The yields of WSA varied widely from nondetectable amounts for Cladosiphon okamuranus to 9% for Laminaria religiosa, which was the highest among the Laminariaceae.
3) The yields of FCP varied widely from 0.5% for Sargassum thumbergii to 10% for Eisenia bicyclis. In general, the FCP contents tended to be the highest in the algae growry at the upper intertidal zone where the alga is exposed to the sunlight for a longer more space time.
4) The FCPs from Cladosiphon okamuranus, Ishige okamurae, Ishige sinicola, and Sargassum horneri seemed to be a simple fucan sulphate constructed mostly from fucose. On theother hand, it seemed that the PCPs from most of the other samples have more complicated constitution.View full abstractDownload PDF (1180K) -
Hiroki Abe, Peter W. Hochachka1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1089-1094
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMetabolic half-life of L-[U-14C] histidine was detemined on the blood and white muscle of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, Incorporation of the label into histidine related dipeptides, such as carnosine and anserine, in the muscle was also examined.
Metabolic half-life of 14C-histidine in blood was 1.99 and 3.39h for intraarterial and intramuscular injection, respectively, while that in white muscle was 7.5 days For intramuscular injection. The label was taken up rapidly from blood into tissues and its washout from muscle and absorption from intraperitoneal cavity into blood were also fast. After a lapse of 2, 4, and 10 days after intramuscular injection, 10-13% of the administered 14C-histidine was recovered in the liver, kidney, white and red muscle, and blood, The highest activity was exhibited by the liver followed by the kidney, but the total activity per tissue was highest in the white muscle, accounting for 80-89% of the total.
After intramuscular injection, the label was gradually incorporated into the muscle anserine and carnosine and after a lapse of 14 days after injection, the radioactivity of anserine reached the same level as that of histidine. Injection of β-[1-14C]-alanine showed much higher incorporation into both carnosine and anserine than that of 14C-histidine. These data suggest that the rate of biosyntheses of these dipeptides is slow in trout and the availability of β-alanine is at least one of the controlling factors in the process.View full abstractDownload PDF (451K) -
Toshiaki Ishii, Masahiro Kodama, Masafumi Ishikawa, Mitsue Matsuba, Ma ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1095-1102
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of body size upon the concentration of elements was examined using the clam Cyclosunetta menstrualis. Relationships between the concentration of twelve elements and soft part weight were classified into four types. Concentrations of Mn, Zn, Co and P increased significantly with soft part weight, while those of Na and Al decreased. Concentrations of K, Mg and Cu were independent of soft part weight. With the increase of soft part weight, concentrations of Fe, Ca and Sr decreased in the small-sized clams, remained constant in the middle-sized clams, and increased in the large-sized clams, respectively.
Concentrations of Zn, Mn, Co, P, Mg, Cu and Al in the kidney increased markedly with shell length, whereas those of Na and K were invariable. Concentrations of Fe, Ca and Sr in the kidney were high in the small-sized clams, relatively low in the middle-sized clams and increased in the large-sized clams, respectively. On the contrary, accumulation curves of all elements in the soft part excluding the kidney showed a decreasing or constant tendency. Therefore, the contribution of element contents in the kidney to the total amount of elements in the whole soft part varied according to shell length. It was suggested that the kidney played an important role in controlling the change of concentration of elements in the whole soft part with the growth of the clams.View full abstractDownload PDF (487K) -
Nobuhiro Fusetani, Hiroko Narita, Masato Nara, Kanehisa Hashimoto1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1103
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (972K) -
Masaru Nakamura, Yoshitaka Nagahama, Masao Iwahashi, Masao Kojima1987 Volume 53 Issue 6 Pages 1105
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (780K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|