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Volume 53, Issue 8
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Yoshihiro Inoue1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1307-1312
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behaviour of fish schools concerning the set-net was investigated in eleven fishing grounds around Japan using a scanning sonar. Taking the fish school's horizontal section as ellipse-shaped, they measured 37m in length and 15m in width except for a few larger sized schools. The mouths of set-nets were almost large enough for the fish schools to enter.
The speeds of fish schools were measured around the set-nets for the six different species. Many fish schools moved slowly at 15-23cm/sec around them. No specific differences in speed could be observed, although Chum salmon were 4 times larger in body length than sardines. How-ever in the area off the set-net, they tended to move faster than in the area near coast. The speed varied depending on the area.View full abstractDownload PDF (623K) -
Yoshihiro Inoue1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1313-1316
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe catch amount of the set-nets was analysed in relation to the observed number of fish schools using a scanning sonar, in the fishig ground of Sagami Bay and Sanriku coast for Spotted mackerel and Chum salmon. The catch of the set-net was expressed by the logarithmic Function of the number of fish schools migrating to the fishing ground. The catch of the set-nets could be obtained when the number of fish schools around the set-nets exceeded a certain level. The capturing efficiency index of the set-nets have a maximum value on the equation. A larger num-ber of migrating schools than this maximum value, results in a lower capturing efficiency of the set-nets. The gear space for capturing was large enough to accomodate a larger catch. There-fore the capturing factor could not only be attributed to the number of fish schools but also to their moving behaviour in the fishing ground.View full abstractDownload PDF (322K) -
Sho Tanaka, Kouichi Takao, Naomi Kato1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1317-1325
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo visual marking methods and the attachment technique of radio tag were examined to study the movement and behavior of dolphins, which occur off the north-western coast of Kyushu in winter. For the visual marks, button tag and freeze brands were developed and tested on captive bottlenose dolphins. Button tags were attached to 34 bottlenose dolphins and 5 Pacific white-sided dolphins and they were released in the sea. The sighting of the tagged dolphins was reported three times and three bottlenose dolphins which were supposed to have shed the tags were re-captured. Freeze branding was conducted on the captive dolphins by spraying Freon-12 gas. We could not succeed in finding out the suitable conditions to get clear durable brands. The harness for the satellite-linked radio tag was designed and its hydrodynamic drag was tested in a circulating water tank. The harness was attached to the doxsal fin of captive dolphins with belly belts only, or belly belts and a teflon sleeved bolt or plastic strap. The harnesses were attached for about two months. The radio tagged dolphin under free-ranging condition made the last contact with satellite on the 35th day after release. The attachment of the harness to captive dolphins was observed to have caused some injuries to the dorsal fin, but the injuries were not serious. The harnessed dolphins sometimes had unusual swimming behavior for a few days after attachment. However, we could improve the methods for attaching radio tag.View full abstractDownload PDF (2981K) -
Sho Tanaka1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1327-1338
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSatellite-linked radio tags were attached to 14 bottlenose dolphins in order to investigate the migration, movement, and behavior of the bottlenose dolphin. Eleven of the 14 tagged dolphins were released in Katsumoto, Iki Island, and Taiji, Kii Peninsula, from 1983 through 1986. The ARGOS satellite-baced data collection and location system was used to track the tagged dolphins. The movement of dolphins was related with sea surface temperature obtained from the AVHRR of NOAA 9.
The contacts with satellite were made for the periods of 12 min to 35 days. One of the dolphins was tracked continually for 18 days and travelled about 604 km. The dolphin released off Katsumoto moved to the fishing ground of yellow tail and turned back near Iki Island. The radio tag slipped off the dolphin and was recovered on the shore. Two dolphins released off Taiji in different years swam along the Kuroshio Current toward the southeast on a similar route. This movement appears to be one of the migration routes of the bottlenose dolphins which occur off Kii Peninsula in spring. One of the other dolphhls passed through the same area three times on different days.
The average speeds of the tagged dolphins which swam actively over 2 days were 34.2 to 45.9 m/min, and the maximum speeds were 106.4 to 123.7 m/min. The dolphins tended to swim faster between midnight and sunrise.
The location accuracy of the radio transmitters attached to dolphins seemed to be within about 3.5 km. The location was made at about 50% of the contacts with satellite, and 5 to 6 times a day.View full abstractDownload PDF (1603K) -
Harumi Imamura-Kojima, Fumio Takashima, Tamao Yoshida1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1339-1342
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe absorption, distribution and excretion of 2-phenoxyethanol which is a piscine anesthetic, were examined in rainbow trout. In fish tranquilized with a sate concentration of 2-phenoxy-ethanol, it was distributed in the brain, liver, kideny, and gall bladder, especialy, the cerebellum. 2-phenoxyethanol was rapidly excreted and the biological half life under these experimental con-ditions was approximetely 30 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (1083K) -
Kenji Nanba, Shunichi Yamamitsu, Shiro Murachi1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1343-1350
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSECG and blood pressure in bulbus arteriosus of rainbow trout during hypoxia were measured simultaneously under MS-222 anesthesia. Increment of stroke volume, compared to the control, was surmised based on the facts that remarkable bradycardia occurred immediately after the onset of hypoxia and systolic blood pressure (BPs) in bulbus arteriosus and the time required from the BPs-increase to the end of BPd-decrease (BPi) increased. Extended times of one systole of the atrium and ventricle were also indicated by the extended times of Pi, QRSi and QTi measured by ECG. After a prolonged time of hypoxia, arrhythmia and cardiac arrest occurred. Reductions of the systolic power and conduction rate of excitation in the ventricle at the stage of arrhythmia were also indicated by the reduced BPs and BPi and remarkably extended values of Pi, QRSi and QTi, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (864K) -
Shinichiro Kawaguchi, Noritatsu Sano, Yoshiharu Mizuarai1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1351-1358
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the former paper, the authors described the results of simulation and fundamental ex-periments by using Frequency Diversity method which is a new data processing technique for Acoustic Fish Assessment System.
In this paper we discuss the results of real time prediction for Volume Scattering Strength which is measured in a short interval (10 seconds) by using the above equipment.
First we assume that Volume Scattering Strength x (t) is a Stationary Auto Regressive Process and predict them by linear combination of the previous setting of order M
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Next we discuss the Coherency and Frequency Response Function between original data and prediction data in order to estimate the efficiency of prediction in the: Frequency domain.
Lastly we define the estimation function such as
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and discuss relationshlp between ε and correlated-width.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Food and Feeding Habits of a Topshell Batillus cornutus, in the Coastal Area of Aoshima, Kyoto JapanMamoru Yoshiya, Akihiko Kuwahara, Yuichi Hamanaka, Yozo Wada1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1359-1366
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the feeding habits of topshell collected in the coastal area of Aoshima, Kyoto Prefecture during a period from June to October 1984.
The shell fed mainly on the red algae (Gelidium sp. and Corallinoideae) and the brown algae (Sargassum spp., Sphacelaria spp., Dictyota dichotoma and Punctaria latifolia) in the night In the daytime, on the other hand, only the brown algae such as Sphacelaria spp. and Sargassum spp. were found in the stomach.
The weight of stomach contents was higher during night than daytime and most starved shells were found in the daytime.
Above results suggest that feeding time of the shell is mainly night time and that Gelidium is more important food for the shell compared with brown algae such as Sphacelaria spp. and Sargassum spp., because of the quicker digestion of Gelidium.View full abstractDownload PDF (656K) -
Yoshikazu Kubo, Hirotoshi Asano1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1367-1372
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo clarify the growth feature and tha structure of hard tissue, we studied the vertebral centrumof rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, using three specimens (BL: 21.0, 29.0 and 40.0cm). We ex-amined the ratio of centrum length to centrum diameter in each vertebral centrum and obtainedthe vaiue of 0.8-1.0 in most centra. This indicates that the vertebral centra of rainbow trout belong to the so-called equivalent type. The hard tissue was observed by microradiography, with the longitudinal and cross sections (about 100μm)cut through the center of notochordal pore. The microradiograph of thin section of centrurn differentiated serially and changed in pattern, but it is clear to sustain the specific characteristics. In longitudinal sections, the V-shaped part of bone was composed of structure like compact bone through the length of vertebral column. In cross sections, the notochordal pore was enclosed by the radial trabecular bones, the arrange-ment gradually turning toward the posterior centra like paired fans set opposite each other laterally.View full abstractDownload PDF (859K) -
Masahiro Sakai, Ryuji Kubota, Shizuo Atsuta, Masanori Kobayashi1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1373-1376
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVaccination of rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, by immersion and injection against strepto-coccal infection was investigated. Formalin killed cells of β-haemolytic Streptococcus sp. with and without Freund's complete adjuvant were intraperitoneally injected. The vaccination by immersion was administered by immersing the fish in formalin killed bacterin for three min.
Groups of 25 fish immunized by immersion as well as injection showed 70% or greater relative per cent survival (RPS) when challenged with live Streptococcus sp. injected intraperitoneally. Immune fish surviving challenge did not have Streptococcus sp. in the blood or kidney. Anti-Streptococcus sp. agglutination. antibody titers were low in intraperitoneally immunized fish. No detectable agglutinating antibody was demonstrated in fish vaccinated by the immersion method.View full abstractDownload PDF (287K) -
Hitoshi Kitamura, Kazutsugu Hirayama1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1377-1381
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe larval preference of Bugula neritina for settlement to each constituent of primary film, such as detrital particles, attaching bacteria and attaching diatoms which had been coated on a glass slide by immersing in the sea and in a closed circulating aquarium was studied through a choice test. Two hundred larvae were put in a chamber where six not film-coated and six film-coated glass slides were stuck on the inner side of the Iid of the chamber. The settlement index on film-coated glass slides was defined as the difference between the numbers of larvae which settled on the film-coated and not film-coated surfaces.
The glass slide coated with the primary film was preferable for the settlement of the larvae to the not film-coated glass slide. The attaching diatom showed a quite similar pattern of increase to that of the settlement index. The attaching diatoms on the surface of the glass slide was the most attractive for the settlement of the larva.View full abstractDownload PDF (404K) -
Hitoshi Kitamura, Kazutsugu Hirayama1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1383-1385
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe larval preference for substrata which were coated by the cultured attaching diatoms, Navicula ulvacea, N. sp. and Achnanthes brevipes was studied through a choice test to clarify the relationship between the preference for the settlement and the attaching diatom. These attaching diatoms were cultured in a unialgal condition. The settlement index was defined as the difference between the numbers of larvae which settled on the film-coated and not film-coated glass slides.The index was obtained for the effect of the attaching diatom film and attaching bacteria which propagated on the glass slides together with the attaching diatom.
There was a semi-logarithmic linear relationship between the settlement index and the density of each attaching diatom over a certain level of density. We thought that the larvae preferred the cultured attaching diatom for the settlement, because there was no clear effect of only attaching bacteria on the settlement.View full abstractDownload PDF (245K) -
Hajime Imanishi, Eiki Osaki1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1387-1390
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBuoyancy of the expandable polystryrene float for raft type culture decreases as time passes in sea water. The float was immersed in sea water for periods of time varying from 5 to 600 days. The experiments were carried out in order to investigate the behavior of the buoyancy of the float under conditions as close as possible to actual use. The empirical formula which can predict the relation between the buoyancy of the float and the days of use in sea water was derived using ex-perimental values.
The results Showed that the buoyancy of the float decreased almost exponentially under the infiltration of sea water until 90 days after the start of measurements, and then decreased gradually with the deterioration of the float due to the erosion after 90 days. After 600 days of immersing the float in sea water, the buoyancy decrease was 16% of initial values.View full abstractDownload PDF (282K) -
Yoshinari Ishida, Iwao Hidaka1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1391-1398
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe gustatory sensitivity of five species of marine teleosts, the aigo rabbitfish Siganus fuscescens, isaki grunt Parapristipoma trilineatum, kampachi amberjack Seriola dumerili, maaji jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus, and masaba chub mackerel Scomber japonicus to amino acids, glycinebetaine and nucleotides was studied by recordsng the neural responses from the facial nerveinnervating the anterior palate.
The palatal receptors of all of the five species of fish were responsive to amino acids. Their sensitivity to individual amino acids differed from species to species. At a concentration of 10-4M, the taste receptors of the aigo and isaki responded to the majority of the twenty amino acids tested, while those of the other three species were responsive only to a few. The best five amino acidsin stimulatory effectiveness at 10-4M for the aigo and for the isaki were, in order of effectiveness, serine>proline>alanine>glutamic acid>threonine, and proline>glycine>tryptophan>alanine>serine, respectively, based on 4 to 9 specimens. Those for the kampachi, maaji and masaba at 10-2M were proline>tryptophan>alanine>arginine>cysteine, proline=arginine>asparagine>alanine>methionine, and valine>cysteine>alanine>threonine>serine, respectively, based on 4 to 10 specimens. The taste receptors of all species of fish, except the masaba, were responsive to glycinebetaine at 10-4M. Those of all species fish, except the aigo, were also responsive to nucleotides at 10-4M. Of the nucleotides tested at 10-4M, UMP appeared to be the most effective in each species. In all species, except the masaba, the lowest of the thresholds for the chemicals tested in the present study was for proline, being 10-8-10-6M depending on the species of fish, The masaba was most sensitive to leucine among the amino acids tested, with a threshold of around 10-6-10-5M.View full abstractDownload PDF (605K) -
Takeshi Yamane, Yunosuke Iitaka, Katsushi Tomita1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1399-1405
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, the attention is focused on the escape behaviour of prawn from a pot for the purpose of applying these data to investigate the catching mechanism of a small shrimp pot. To assess the applicability of the numerical method developed for laboratory test to field experiment, a series of experiments was performed in the fishing ground using six model pots. The number of prawns in a pot were counted every 2h (9:00 A.M. -5:00 P.M.) for each pot when hauled. The model equation satisfactorily fitted the changes over time in the number of prawns remaining in the pot after beginning the experiment. It was found that the escape behaviour of prawn from a pot was affected by the height of the neck above the base.View full abstractDownload PDF (563K) -
Ko Matuda, Er-guang Wang1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1407-1412
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA Method with Streamline Frame for Measuring Drag of Plane Netting Set Parallel to a Water Flow Ko Matuda, *1 and Er-guang Wang*2
A new method for measuring the drag of plane netting set parallel to the water flow is proposed. Netting is stretched between two streamlined struts and the drag is measured by a three component balance. Drag characteristics of the strut, effects of the wake of the fore strut on the aft strut, and variations of the effects with distance between the struts were examined. The effect of the wake due to the fore strut was negligibly small. The ratio of the drag of the streamlined struts to the total drag was much smaller than that of the frame in the form of a circular cylinder used previously. An improvement in measuring precision was confirmed.View full abstractDownload PDF (389K) -
Takeshi Watanabe, Toshio Takeuchi, Shuichi Satoh, Toshiomi Ida, Masana ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1413-1423
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo feeding experiments were conducted for both practical and experimental scales to develop low-protein high-energy diets (less-polluting diets) for practical carp culture in order to reduce the total nitrogen excretion from the fish.
Results of both the experiments have demonstrated that diets containing 32-37% crude protein (CP) with digestible energy (DE) above 340kcal/100g diet enriched with carbohydrate or lipid were found to be better than a commercial cazp diet containing CP above 40% in growth and feed efficiency. This fact indicated that CP content in practical carp feeds can be reduced from 40% to around 30% without reduction of growth rate and feed efficiency, if a high quality protein is used as protein source and DE content is increased by carbohydrate or lipid to about 340kcal/100g diet.
The total nitrogen excretion from carp was also found to be reduced by 30-48% of the present value by feeding these low protein-high energy diets.View full abstractDownload PDF (683K) -
Toshio Takeuchi, Takeshi Watanabe, Shuichi Satoh, Toshiomi Ida, Masana ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1425-1429
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to examine the effect of a low protein-high energy diet or a high protein-high energy diet given to carp kept in net cages in Lake Kasumigaura before winter on the proximate and fatty acid compositions of carp harvested in spring after starvation for 128 days.
Condition factor and visceral and gonad somatic indices were not much affected by the quality of diets in terms of the protein and energy levels given to the fish before winter starvation. Decrease of muscle protein and visceral lipid due to starvation suggested that the fish used mainly visceral lipid and muscle protein as energy source and not so much muscle lipid during winter starvation. In the fatty acid compositions of muscle total lipids from carp on each diet, some fatty acids such as 16:0, 20:1 and 22:1 increased, and 18:1 and 18:3ω3 decreased slightly due to starvation. However, there was no marked difference in the fatty acid distribution between males and females in each lot which showed almost the same pattern in changes of the fatty acid profile before and after winter.View full abstractDownload PDF (352K) -
Kenji Sato, Reiji Yoshinaka, Mamoru Sato, Yutaka Shimizu1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1431-1436
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
Attempts were made to isolate native acid-soluble collagen from fish muscle by removing selectively non-collagenous proteins with a dilute NaOH solution. The preliminary extraction with 0.01 and 0.05N NaOH did not remove satisfactorily non-collagenous proteins from carp muscle, whereas the preliminary extraction with 0.5 and 1.0N NaOH modified the polypeptide chains of collagen, thus increasing the solubility of collagen. On the other hand, the preliminary extraction with 0.1N NaOH was found to remove non-collagenous proteins most effectively without any modification of collagen and also to exclude the effect of endogenous proteases on collagen during preparation.
On the basis of these results, a method involving the preliminary extraction with 0.1N NaOH was proposed for isolating native acid-soluble collagen from fish muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (2534K) -
Masayuki Furuichi, Genji Ito, Yasuo Yone1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1437-1442
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to examine whether β-corn starch(raw starch) exhibits some nutritional effect to carp Cyprinus carpio and red sea bream Chrysophrys major, the fishes were reared on the diets containing α-starch (pregelatinized starch) orβ- starch at different levels for 6 weeks. Carp fed on the β-starch diets showed high growth, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio (PER) as compared with the corresponding α-starch diet groups. On the other hand, the growth, feed efficiency, and PER of red sea bream fed on the 35% starch diet were higher in the β-starch diet group than in the α-starch diet group, though a reverse tendency was observed in the case of 15 and 25% starch diets. As for the percentage absorption of protein by carp and red sea bream, there was little difference between the β-stazch diet groups and the α-starch diet groups. However, both fishes showed a significantly low absorption of β-starch in contrast with the high absorption of α-starch. Besides this, the lower glycogen contents in liver and muscle of carp, and the lower glycogen and higher protein contents in liver of red sea bream were noticed in the β-starch diet groups, From these results, it was considered that the dietary β-starch exhibits some nutritional effect on carp and red sea bream.View full abstractDownload PDF (380K) -
Haruo Sugita, Michikazu Fukumoto, Mikio Tsunohara, Yoshiaki Deguchi1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1443-1447
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFecal pellets from 4 goldfish specimens were successively analyzed to obtain the knowledge on the fluctuation of the fecal flora.Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacteroides type A were predominant components in all fish specimens, Enterobacteriaceae and Pseudomonas were also predominant ones in specific individuals, whereas these were detected in 25 to 80% of fecal samples in other individuals. Aeromonas punctata, Flavobacterium, Staphylococcres and Clostridium occurred pre-dominantly in several cases, The remaining components were occasionally isolated at low bacterial densities.
It was shown from the above results that each fish individual had a character of fecal flora and that there is a great day-to-day variation of the fecal flora of goldfish.View full abstractDownload PDF (370K) -
Harumi Tozawa, Toshiharu Kawabata1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1449-1456
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFactors affecting the formation of volatile N-nitrosamines (VNA) in the preparation process of fish meals were examined. In the present sutdy, we prepared sardine meals in our laboratory, and test meal samples were exposed to gaseous NO2 in sealed flasks under different conditions.
Results obtained are summarized as follows:
1. The amounts of VNA formed were found to be directly proportional to the NO2 con-centrations; in contrast, VNA levels were remarkably lowered by the increment of moisture con-tents ln the meal samples. Formation of nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA), nitrosopyrrolidine (NPYR) and nitrosothiazolidine (NTHZ) in the NO2-trcated samples increased upon raising the reaction temperature in a range from 80 to 140°C. However, when samples were heated at 150°C or above, the formation of NTHZ and NPYR lowered, particularly marked decrease was noted in NTHZ contents, whereas the amount of NDMA increased almost consistently
2. The VNA formation in NO2-treated samples were much influenced by the freshness or storage period of raw fish materials, viz., meals made from decomposed materials yielded fairly low levels of both NDMA and NTHZ, while NPYR contents increased. The amounts of NDMA and NPYR formed in the NO2-treated samples were proportional to the levels of trimethylam-inoxide and proline in the test meals, indicating that these compounds would be the principal precursors of respective VNA.
3. The VNA levels in the NO2-treated samples were found to decrease gradually during storage at 30°, 10°and even-10°C, and the higher the storage temperature, the decreasing rate was observed to be faster.View full abstractDownload PDF (548K) -
Toshiyuki Hirano, Takeshi Suzuki, Michizo Suyama1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1457-1461
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpecimens of bigeye tuna and the Pacific halibut meats packed in retortable pouches were heated at 115°C up to F0 values of 8, 12, and 21, and the changes in extractive components were studied. The decrease of the total sugar content and increase in pH value, Hunter value, degree of browning of extract, and the non-protein nitrogen content were observed during thermal pro-cessing. Trimethylamine oxide and creatine changed into trimethylamine and creatinine, re-spectively, almost equivalently, Little changes were observed in the amounts of free amino acid and its related compounds, but only histidine decreased significantly.View full abstractDownload PDF (350K) -
Akihide Takiguchi1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1463-1469
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipid oxidation and hydrolysis in maruboshi, salted-dried anchovy Engraulis japonica, hira-kiboshi, salted-dried splited anchovy and niboshi, boiled-dried anchovy, were investigated during drying at 30°C for 20h and storage at 20°C for 50 days.
In the case of maruboshi, peroxide value (POV), acid value (AV) and percentage of free fatty acid (FFA) of lipid increased rapidly with decrease in ratio of percentage of (C20:5+C22:6) to that of C16:0 (ratio of HUFA/SFA) during drying, showing lipid oxidation and hydrolysis had occured, During storage, the increases in AV and percentage of FFA and the decrease in HUFA/SFA progressed rapidly for the first 7 days and then slowly for the next 50 days. In hira-kiboshi, POV, AV and percentage of FFA of lipids also increased during drying. During storage, AV, percentage of FFA and ratio of HUFA/SFA in the hirakiboshi lipid changed in similar manners to those of maruboshi, except for relatively slow decrease in the ratio of HUFA/SFA.
Contrary to this, AV and percentage of FFA of lipids in niboshi increased very slowly throughout drying and storage periods, though POV increased rapidly during drying and the ratio of HUFA/SFA decreased rapidly during drying and an early stage of storage. The slow increases in AV and percentage of FFA in niboshi seems to be due to inactivation of endogeneous enzyme system involved in lipid hydrolysis to occur during boiling prior to drying, This implies that the rapid increases in AV and percentage of FFA in maruboshi and hirakiobshi, which are not subjected to boiling process, may be attributed to enzymatic hydrolysis of lipids.
Maruboshi and niboshi, containing internal organs in which lipids were highly susceptible to xidation, were subjected to oxidative rancidity more rapidly than hirakiboshi produced from eviscerated anchovy during prolonged storage.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Yoshinori Mochizuki, Takahide Saito, Naomichi Iso, Haruo Mizuno, Akira ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1471-1474
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes of the rheological properties of fish meat gel which contained various quantities of fat were examined on the bases of the results of differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). Samples were made from the frozen surimi of Alaska pollack and lard. The thermal transition of surimi, i.e, gelation, was irreversible, while that of lard was reversible. The thermal transitions of surimi and lard seemed to proceed independently in the mixture. The instantaneous elastic modulus (E0) of the mixtures decreased with the fat content above the melting point of lard (ca.29°C). The decrease corresponded to the increase of sensory “softness”. The number of chains per unit volume, υ-value, was given by the temperature dependence of E0 of samples according to the theory of rubber elasticity. The υ-values were not changed above 29°C, but increased with the increase of the fat content at the measuring temperature below 29°C. The increase of υ-value below 29°C may come from The fact that the crystals of fat behaved like crosslinks. On the other hand, the υ-values did not change above 29°C, since the fat melted.View full abstractDownload PDF (253K) -
Jun Kakino, Satsuki Matsumura, Yoshinori Sato, Nobuaki Kase1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1475-1481
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAoshio, the oxygen-deficient blue-green turbid water, which after appears in the head of Tokyo Bay from summer to autumn and occasionally causes extensive damage to the short-necked clam Ruditapes phillipinarum one of the main catches in this area. Analysis of the meteorological (wind) and the oceanagraphical records (bottom current, temp., salinity, density, sulfide and oxygen) suggested the following process: When the prevailing on-shore winds became off-shore (N-NE) for more than 2-3 days, the wind-driven surface water moving off-shore induced the sulfide-containing bottom water to move upwards at the Funabashi coastal zone at the entrance to the harbor and to create aoshio which usually appeared in Funabashi Harbor at first.View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
Katsuhiko Harada, Atsushi Eguchi, Yasushi Kurosaki1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1483-1489
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feeding attraction activities in various combinations of effective amino acids and other compounds were behaviorally and statistically investigated for the following three test animals, young abalone Haliotis discus, adult oriental weatherfish Misgurunus anguillicaudatus and juvenile yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata. Of the combinations of amino acids, the activities generally in-creased in all test animals, Of the combinations of lipids, the activities were ascertained to increase for abalone and yellowtail in the combinations added with lecithin, those for the former depending remarkably on lecithin only. Of the combinations of nitrogenous bases, the activities in the combinations of volatile bases increased for oriental weatherfish, but not so for abalone because of the high activity of a single compound, pyrrolidine, In contrast, the activities in the combina-tions of non-volatile bases were ascertained to increase for abalone in some combinations. Of the cominations of proteins, the activities appreciably increased for abalone in the combinations which had human albumin added to it. On the other hand, the activities in the combinations of the compounds belonging to different constituents remarkably increased for yellowtail.View full abstractDownload PDF (480K) -
Masaaki Kodama, Takehiko Ogata, Yasuwo Fukuyo, Takashi Ishimaru, Porns ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1491
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (112K) -
Toshio Endo, Masato Onozawa, Masami Hamaguchi, Riichi Kusuda1987 Volume 53 Issue 8 Pages 1493
Published: August 25, 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (112K)
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