All issues
Volume 53, Issue 9
Displaying 1-30 of 30 articles from this issue
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|
-
Riichi Kusuda, Iwao Takemaru1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1519-1523
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEfficacy of josamycin (JM) against experimental streptococcal infection in cultured yellowtail was evaluated. Two procedures were used in this experiment. One was bioautographic technique to confirm efficacy of JM in vivo and the other was a practical study to establish the effective dose against experimentally infected yellowtail. JM medicated feed was orally adiministered in each study. Experimental infection was performed by intramuscular injection in the bioautographic study and intraperitoneal injection in the clinical study. In the bioautographic study, JM dis-played in vivo antimicrobial activity. Fishes administered with 25mg/kg of JM excluded pathogen in the muscle after 6 hours. In the practical study, doses of 20mg/kg/day for 5 days and 30mg/kg/day for 3 days were effective against yellowtail infected with 5.8×108cfu/fish pathogen, which is the infeetive dose to kill 90% of the infected yellowtail in 7 days. However, in the experimental injection, the bacterial concentration influenced the JM therapeutic ability. Effective dose depended on the disease condition of yellowtail. The results suggest possibility to be able to control the streptococcicosis of naturally infected yellowtail.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
Masanobu Ishikawa, Kaname Sato, Hayao Akizawa, Yoshio Sakai, Hisahiko ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1525-1531
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA fishing boat that fished offshore New Zealand and offshore Falkland Islands was subjected to analysis. A quantitative model which describes effect of CPUE(kg/h-line) on fuel unit (kl/kg) is proposed. This model shows that fuel unit depends strongly on CPUE when CPUE is small. In fishing grounds of small CPUE, fuel consumption by main engine occupied a large part of fuelunit, on the other hand, in fishing grounds of large CPUE, fuel consumption by auxiliary engines for refrigerators and fishing gears except fish lamps was dominant. Ratio of fuel consumption by fish lamps ranged from 10-20%. Average total fuel consumption per unit catch was 5.51 x 10-4 kl/kg and average CPUE was 9.76kg/h•line.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Hiroshi Kawatsu, Makoto Sato1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1533-1536
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSClotting times of carp blood were determined using three kinds of test tubes: glass, silicone treated glass and polystyrene tubes. In order to eliminate the effect of glass contact, test plasma was prepared using tools made of plastic. When determining the recalcification time (RT), clot formation was observed only in the glass tubes and no clot was formed in either the silicone treated glass or the polystyrene tubes. Plasma in contact with glass beads clotted in polystyrene tubes and the clotting time was shortened when the amount of added glass beads was increased. Significant differences were also observed in partial thromboplastin time (PTT) and prothrombin time (PT), while no noticeable differences were observed in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT). These findings suggest that carp blood has a XII-like factor which is converted to the activated form by contact with glass or ellagic acid.View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Masaru Tanaka, Hiroshi Ueda, Masanori Azeta1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1537-1544
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNear-bottom copepod aggregations were investigated in Shijiki Bay by means of stomach content analysis of juvenile red sea bream, near-bottom towing of plankton nets and direct under-water observation with the aid of scuba-equipment. The stomach contents of 220 red sea bream juveniles, 12.7 to 43.7mm in FL, were examined. Nearly 80% of the total food items consisted of copepods, 97% of which were pelagic species. The overwhelming majority of them were Acartia omorii and A. steueri. The near-bottom towing of plankton nets revealed a landward increase in the abundance of pelagic copepods. Two types of near-bottom aggregations were recognized by scuba-diving; a flat carpet-like type with thickness of about 30cm, and a discrete ball-like swarming type with a long axis of about 50cm. The former appeared to be formed by A. omorii and the latter by A. steueri. The maximum density found was 326 per liter far A. omorii and 511 for A. steueri, these being 100 times greater than the background density.
The three approaches used in the present study clearly demonstrated the existence of near-bottom aggregations of Acartia omorii and A. steueri; the former rather widely distributed, whereas the latter is restricted to the innermost area shallower than 15m. These two species each shows a distinct macro- and microdistribution pattern which results in a high degree of habitat segrega-tion.View full abstractDownload PDF (642K) -
Masaru Tanaka, Hiroshi Ueda, Masanori Azeta, Hiroyuki Sudo1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1545-1552
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe significance of copepod swarmlng near the bottom as food resources for juvenile red sea breams was investigated around the nursery ground of Shijiki Bay. Juveniles of 12.7 to 43.7mm FL were found to predate upon a large number of pelagic copepods composed exclusively of Acartia omorii and A. steueri. The maximum number of copepods detected in a stomach increased markedly with juvenile length, reaching about 100 at 13mm FL, 200 at 15mm FL and exceeding 300at 20mm FL. However, few copepods were found in the stomachs of juveniles larger than 35mm FL. The large quantities of ingested copepods observed were inferred to be caused by effective predation on highly aggregated copepods near the bottom.
The estimation for the daily ration of the red sea bream demonstrated that early juveniles can obtain enough energy for maintenance and growth soley through feeding on copepods. Within the bay, densities of copepods swarming near the bottom showed a landward increase. The density gradient induces the early juveniles to migrate into the innermost part of the bay, i. e. the nursery ground.
Together, these quantitative estimates and with qualitative evidence confirm that copepods swarming near the bottom are of great importance for the survival and growth of the early juveniles of the red sea bream, particularly as emergent food resources under deficient conditions of benthic prey organisms.View full abstractDownload PDF (577K) -
Nobuaki Okamoto, Masuhiro Mikami, Satoshi Nagahara, Hironori Kinoshita ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1553-1560
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA water-recirculating system instead of a conventional flow-through system was studied for the reason that experimental water which was recirculating in an aquarium.during the fish in-festivity trials fbr IPN virus (IPNV) can be completely disinfected by a small amount of chlorlne.The required numbers of fish for an aquarium and of aquaria for an experiment in the water-recirculating system developed was determined. Fish and virus used in this study were rainbow trout fry (Salmo gairdneri, 0.11-0.14g in B. W.) and IPNV-Buhl. Fish were exposed to 105_0 TCID50/ml of IPNV and incubated for 28 days at 15°C. The experiments revealed the fol-lowing facts: Twenty-five fish per aquarium were required as a minimum. In the case of ap-proximately 35-70% in cumulative mortatities, 2, 4and approximately 8 aquaria per experiment were required respectively when 90%of all the experimental values occupied the mean ±15(%), ±10(%)and±5(%). In the case of approximately 90%in cumulativc mortalities, 2 aquariaper experiment were required when approximately 95%of all the experimental values occupied the mean±5(%).View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
Akihiko Kuwahara, Yozo Wada, Yuichi Hamanaka1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1561-1566
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper describes the vertical and horizontal distributions and transport from offshore to coastal area of a prawn Penaeus japonicus, postlarvae collected in Kumihama Bay and its adjacent area from April to October, 1984.
The postlarvae distributed abundantly in surface waters shallower than 10m depth and coastal area compared with offshore area in day and night time. The appearence of the postlarvae in a channel was mainly during high tide at night, and in the Kumihama Bay they were abundant in the water with salinity more than 28‰ near channel in night tlme. Advanced stage of the post-larvae is collected abundantly in Kumihama Bay, compared with the offshore area.
The above results suggest that the postlarvae may be transported from the offshore waters to shallow waters with high tide in night time as growth proceeds.View full abstractDownload PDF (391K) -
Hiroyuki Sudo, Mikio Azuma, Masanori Azeta1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1567-1575
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo explain diel predator-prey interactions between young red sea bream (pagrus major) and gammaridean amphipods, fish and macrobenthos were collected at 1-4h intervals daring a 24h period from June to July in 1981 and 1983. Young red sea bream showed two feeding peaks, a higher one at dusk and a lower one at dawn, and ceased to feed after dark. Gammarids were the most important food item for the young, but individual species were not taken in proportion to their abundances in the field. The patterns of gammarid selection by the young were related most closely to the microhabitat of gammarid species: Epifaunal and shallow burrowing specieswere positively selected; infaunal tube-dwelling species were positively or negatively selected with diel time; deep burrowing species were negatively selected. The intensity of predation on Byblis japonicus (infaunal tube-dwelier), the most dominant species in the field, was low about noon but increased remarkably at dusk and dawn, whereas that on Synchetidiunm miraculum lenorostralum (shallow borrower) and Paradexamine marlie (epifauna) increased about noon. This diet dietary shift is caused by diel vertical movements of gammarids, because the vertical movements change their microhabitat and consequently influence the availability of gammarid species.View full abstractDownload PDF (703K) -
Mikio Oguri1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1577-1579
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChondrichthyean interrenal cells contain a lot of fat droplets stainable with Sudan IV or Oil Red O, as in mammalian adrenocortical cells. However, the droplets are not detectable in the teleostean interrenal cells treated with these fat-soluble dyes. In the present study, six speci-mens of a holostean fish Lepisosteus osseus (longnose gar) were used and histological examinationwas made on the interrenal gland after fixing in 10% neutral formalin quid and stainlng with Oil Red O, in addition to Bouin's fluid fixation and H-E stain. From this examination, it was ascer-tained that the fat droplets are abundantly included in the interrenal cells of the longnose gar.From the viewpoint of fat droplet inclusion, therefore, the interrenal cells of this holostean fish are akin to those of cartilaginous fish, rather than the teleostean interrenal cells.View full abstractDownload PDF (1475K) -
Masahiro Ueno1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1581-1584
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper treats differences between a pair of catches C1 and C2 of eggs and pre-larvae of Englaulis japonicus taken with a bongo net haul. lf the differences are caused by a random process, the catches may follow a binomial distribution. Then the fiducial limits of a parameter D=(C1-C2)/(C1+C2)can be expressed by means of the formula, |D|≤tP/√2N, where 2N=(C1+C2)and tP is the value for p % in the standard normal distribution. Moreover, a normalized catch γi=(C1-C2)/√C1+C2 should follow the standard normal distribution.
Through the examinatioa of N-D diagram and the frequency distribution of γ1, it followed that the mean and variance were not independent of each other in a pair of catches taken with a bongo net haul. Moreover, the distribution of the catches are slightly over-dispersed.
This over-dispersed distribution may have resulted from some physical accumulative processes, for example small scale horizontal convergence, etc., because eggs and pre-larvae cannot aggregate by themselves, they have more similar differences than expected in a random model.View full abstractDownload PDF (289K) -
Toshikuni Nakatani, Tatsuaki Maeda1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1585-1591
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the distribution and movement of walleye pollock larvae Theragra chalco-gramma, samplings were conducted in Funka Bay and the adjacent waters from April 1978 to November 1982. From April to June, larvae were found mostly in the surface and subsurface layer of the bay. In July the larvae were concentrated on the sea bottom(100m depth) of the bay and in August a part of them were found on the deep sea bottom (300m depth) in the eastern area outside the bay.
From April fo July, the surface water temperature in the bay rose from 4°to 18°C, while the bottom water temperature remained unchanged (3°-6°C). As growth proceeds, the main foodorganisms of the larvae changed from Pseudocalanus minutus to the larger copepodids of Calanus plumchrus and Eucalanus bungii bungii, euphausiids Euphausia pacifzca, and amphipods Parathzmisto japonica. P. minutus dominated in the surface layer of the bay from March to April, decreased remarkably after May. In contrast, the larger copepodids of other copepods increased in deeper layer after June. It was considered that the vertical movement of the larvae with growth wasclosely associated with the suitable temperature condition and food availability.View full abstractDownload PDF (534K) -
Tetsujiro Matsuhashi, Tsugio Katsumata1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1593-1600
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe recent use of Eucheuma gelatinae of Okinawa has been much depressed, though the mucilagenous extracts had good evaluations in local textile industries and some other uses. This paper describes the physico-chemical properties of the mucilaginous extracts with special emphasis on analyses of gelling properties as well as on processing methods. Eight samples were collected along the coast of Iri-Omote-jima, Hatoma-jima and Ishigaki-jima. The yield of freeze-dried matter of mucilagenous substances which were extracted twice by cooking in water was 58% to the original dry seaweeds. The hot sol of 1% concentration solidified at about 27°C, which increased up to about 38°C for 2% sol. Melting point of gel at 1% concentra-tion level was 31.4°C on the average for 8 different samples. These get-sol properties aswell as instrumental textural properties of gel resembled the rheological properties of iota-type carrageenan. But, the infrared spectra, rather, suggested that the muculaginous polysac-charides were more similar to kappa-type carrageenan.View full abstractDownload PDF (600K) -
Tatsuo Morishita, Kazuaki Uno, Naoki Imura, Takashi Takahashi1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1601-1607
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThere are very few reports which dealt with the chemical constituents of cultured red sea bream Chrysophrys major in relation to their growth. Therefore, the variations of chemical constituents with growth were investigated with aims at presenting basic data on an improvement in qualites and a fitting utilization of the fishes. In the present paper, the variations of proximate compasitions were investigated by their growing stages and regional meats. In addition, the relation between above variations and the feed or water temperature in their living habitat was also investigated. Results obtained are as follows.
Crude protein contents tended to increase along with growth but not significantly. In lipid contents, there was a remarkable variation with growth, lower level contents appeared in the period of slow growth, March to May. On the contrary, the highest level in the rapid growing period of June to August This variation was true especially in viscera and abdominal cavity meats.
It was assumed that key-factors of variations in the lipid contents were the habitat water temperature, the lipid content of feed and the consumption of deposited lipid along with growth.View full abstractDownload PDF (475K) -
Kazuaki Uno, Tatsuo Morishita, Takashi Takahashi1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1609-1615
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the previous Paper, it was found that the lipid contents of cultured red sea bream showed larger variations with their growth than in other components. The present paper deals with the variations with growth in the fatty acid compositions of the lipids. The following results were obtained.
The fatty acids in the lipids of the fishes were mainly composed of C22:6, C16:0, C18:1, C20:5, C16:1 and C18:0, regardless gf their growing stages and regional meats. The component ratios of C22:6 and C16:0 were higher in the dorsal atid ventral meats which were poor in lipids than in the abdomina1-cavity and red meats which were rich ih lipids. On the contrary, the percentages of C22:6 and C16:0 were higher in the latter regions. C22:6 and C16:0 tended to decrease with growth and alo C18:1 in 0 age fish showed a gradual decrease with growth. On the other hand, C20:5 showed the variations of which the width and the component ratios were nearly similar in both ages (0 and 1) of fishes. Thcrcfore, it was evident that the variation of C20:5 was influenced by seasons.
In addition, the relation between the fatty acid compositions of the fish and those of dietary fish was also examined. lt could be hardly recognized from the examination that the latter affected the former.View full abstractDownload PDF (506K) -
Antioxidant Effects of Natural Tocopherol Mixture, Calcium Phytate and Inositol on Marinated SardineMitsuo Asahara1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1617-1621
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntioxidant effects of natural tocopherol mixture, calcium phytate and inositol on marinatedsardine Sardinops melanostictus during cold storage were compared with that of BHA.
Salted fillets of sardine were dipped into the pickling solutions with and without added anti-xidants and then stored at 3°C for 200 days. During storage, peroxide value(POV), carbonylvalue(COV), TBA value and acid value(AV)were determined on the lipids of samples.
POV, COV and TBA value of the lipid in control sample without added antioxidant increased remarkably during first 5-10 days of storage and then slowly for up to 200 days of storage. Rancid flavor of the sample was detected organolepticaliy after 60 days of storage. In the sample treated with the pickling solation containing either 0.10% inositol or 0.05% calcium phytate, the lipidoxidation proceeded at slightly lower rate than that of the control sample. Tocopherol mixture (0.05%) was fairly effective on protection of lipid oxidation, especially in combination with inositoland/or calcium phytate, though somewhat inferior to 0.02% BHA.
However, effect of 0.05% tocopherol mixture combined with 0.10% inositol on the stability of linoleic acid at 40°C was similar to that of 0.05% tocopherol mixture alone; inositol did notshow any synergistic effect on protection of linoleic acid oxidation.View full abstractDownload PDF (355K) -
Toshiyoshi Araki, Takahiko Aoki, Manabu Kitamikado1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1623-1627
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPorphyranase, β-1, 4-mannanase, and β-1, 3-xylanase, capable of degrading the cell wall of red algae, genus Porphyra, were prepared from the culture fluids of Vibrio sp. AP-2, Aeromonas sp. F-25, and Vibrio sp. AX-4, respectively, The thalli of P. yezoensis, after treatment with a 2% papain solution, were suspended in 5ml of MES buffer, pH 6.0, containing 0.7M mannitol and 1 unit each of porphyranase, β-1, 4-mannanase, and β-1, 3-xylanase. When a 100mg weight of the thalli was shaken in the enzyme solution at 22°C for 90 min, ca. 8.6×105 protoplasts were released.
Protoplasts from P. yezoensis grew in a ASP12 (NTA) medium and developed into brown thalli of ca. 10cm in length after 3 months. A number of protoplasts were obtained from green variant of P. tenera, too. These green protoplasts developed into green thalli of ca. 10cm in length after 2 months. A lot of monospores released from regenerated thalli of P. yezoensis (wild type) and P. tenera (green type) developed into brown thalli and green thalli, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (2778K) -
Md. Abul Hossain, Masayuki Furuichi, Yasuo Yone1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1629-1632
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo find out some suitable fungi which can effectively reduce oxidized lipids from fish waste, the POV, TBA, and VBN values, and the proximate, amino acid, and fatty acid compositions of scrap meals fermented with fungi isolated from smoked-semldrled skipjack were compared with those of nonfermented scrap meal (NF) and mackerel waste.
The POV and TBA values were considerably low in the fermented-resteamed scrap meals with 5 fungi being identified Aspergillus terreus, Asp. flavus, Asp. oryzae, Penicillium citrinum (PC), Peni. citrinum (PG), compared with those of the waste and the NF. On the other hand, the VBN increased by the fermentation, but it decreased by resteaming after fermentation.
The essential amino acid composition and the ratio of total essential amino acids to total nonessential amino acids (EAA/NEAA) showed scarcely any difference between the NF and the fermented-resteamed scrap meals.
On the other hand, in spite of the similar lipid contents, the percent of ω3 HUFA in total fatty acids was remarkably higher in the fermented-resteamad scrap meals than the NF.View full abstractDownload PDF (265K) -
Takeshi Suzuki, Toshiyuki Hirano, Michizo Suyama1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1633-1636
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhite and dark meats of bigeye tuna were packed in retortable pouches and thermally processed at 120, 110, and 100°C so far as to reach the equal lethality of F0 4, and the changes in extractive components of both meats were studied. As compared with the short time of heating at high temperature; the long time of heating at low temperature produced more intense browning of the meat extract, decrease in trimethylamine oxide, creatine, and total sugar, and increase in trimethylamine, creatinine, gelatin, and non-protein nitrogen. The decomposition of histidine and anserine, and the formation of gelatin in the dark meat were much greater than those in the white meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Md. Kamal, Terushige Motohiro1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1637-1641
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOut of the 15 strains of molds, the growth of Eurotium repens and Eurotium rubrum was pre-vented by 2.0% ethanol solution but all cultures showed only reduction of growth at this con-centration. Eurotium rubrum and Eurotium repens also had the lowest MIC of 2.5 to 3.0% re-spectively. The genus Eurotium species were most sensitive to all level of combinations of salmine sulfate with ethanol used in the present study. However, a substantial reduction in viability of all the organisms occured when treated with the mixture of salmine sulfate with ethanol compared with ethanol alone. Of the various levels of combinations, 0.05% salmine sulfate plus 5.0% ethanol inhibited most of the organisms, and all the organisms were inhibited by 0.1% salmine sulfate plus 6.0% ethanol, whereas, 8.0% ethanol was necessary for total growth inhibition. The effect of the mixture of salmine sulfate with ethanol on the survivability of the organisms was greater in Eurotium ruburm than Eurotium repens with approximately 31og cycles reduction by 12 hincubation period.View full abstractDownload PDF (349K) -
Mariyo F. Watanabe, Yukie Ozawa, Shinshi Oishi1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1643-1646
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNatural Microcystis aeruginosa specimens collected mainly from Suwa and Kasumigaura lakes were examined for both the hemagglutinating activity for mammalian erythrocytes and the toxicity in mice. Sixteen out of the 18 samples examined showed a hemagglutinating activity for rabbit erythrocytes, ten for rat and four for mouse erythrocytes. Ten strains in culture, agglutinated rabbit erythrocytes. One of those strains (M228), showed a high toxicity in mice as well as high hemagglutinating activity regardless of the type of erythrocyte tested. The strain (M228) partially lost the hemagglutinating activity on heating, but did not lose lethal potency, suggesting nonidentity of the responsible substances. It was noted that nontoxic samples, either natural or cultured, showed a marked hemagglutinating activity to mammalian erythrocytes of specific species.View full abstractDownload PDF (287K) -
Haruo Sugita, Ryutaro Ueda, Leslie R. Berger, Yoshiaki Deguchi1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1647-1655
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial populations in gut contents and gills of seven marine crustacea were investigated qualitatively and quantitatively using nine different agar media. Total viable counts of the gut contents ranged from 105 to 109 cells g-1 and, of the gills, from 106 to 107 cells g-1. Three types of anaerobes, the Gram-positive coccus, Gram-positive rod and Gram-negative rod, were detected in 16.3%, 9.3% and 2.3%, respectively, of the crustacean samples examined. Although Pseudomonas and 6 of the 20 subgroups of the genus Vibrio were distributed widely among the crustacea, other bacterial components were also present in significant number in the selected crustacean species, individual specimens, or specimen tissues. Furthermore, cardinal growth temperatures of the bacterial isolates obtained in this study suggest the surrounding water temperature to be a major factor influencing apparent seasonal shifts in the gut microflora.View full abstractDownload PDF (633K) -
Hiroki Abe1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1657-1661
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAccumulation patterns of L-histidine and related dipeptides were examined in carp and rainbow trout white muscle as a function of body weight.
Young carp (n=30) increased their body mass from 1.8 to over 200g during the growth period of a year. White muscle free L-histidine increased almost in a linear fashion from about 5 to 20μmol/g wet weight over the body weight range of 1.8 to 30-40g. Then the level of L-histidine decreased slightly to reach an almost constant level at 14.5-18.6μmol/g wet weight over the remaining growth period. On a double logarithmic plot, this histidine increase was linear related to body weight for small carp weighing below 32g (n=16, slope=0.52, r=0.88, p<0.001) and almost zero for larger cazp weighing from 15 to 247g (n=21, slope=-0.06, r=-0.28).
In rainbow trout weighing from 1.8 to 321g (n=77), the Canadian trout weighing 10-150g (n=29) exhibited significantly higher amount of anserine in white muscle than their Japanese counterpart (n=48) over the same weight range. Both trouts, however, showed almost the same hyperbolic pattern of anserine increase over the concentration range of 3 to 18μmol/g wet weight. This increase was linear in double logarithmic scale for both Canadian and Japanese trout (slope=0.32, r=0.91, p<0.001 for Japanese trout; slope=0.15, r=0.82, p<0.001 for Canadian trout).View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Effects of Algal Diets on the Sterol and Fatty Acid Compositions of the Pearl Oyster Pinctada fucataShin-ichi Teshima, Akio Kanazawa, Ryuji Shimamoto1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1663-1667
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments were conducted to examine the effects of algal diets, Chaetoceros gracilis or Chlorella saccharophila, on the sterol and fatty acid compositions of the pearl oyster Pinctada fucata. The pearl oysters were starved or fed with the algal diets for 30 days. Chaetoceros and Chlorella supported the growth of the pearl oyster during the period of 1 to 10 days to some extent, the former having a superior food quality to the latter. However, the pearl oysters seemed not toconsume algal diets substantially during the period of 10 to 30 days. Compared with the specimens at the start of the feeding trials, the pearl oysters receiving either Chaetoceros or Chlorella for 10 days contained low proportion of cholesterol and slightly high proportions of 24-ethyl-cholesterol and isofucosterol. However, the starved pearl oysters showed similarities to those receiving the algal diets in sterol compositions. These results indicate that the sterol composition of this bivalve is scarcely affected by the algal diets, suggesting that the sterol biosynthesis and turnover of dietary sterols proceed at a very slow rate. The 10-day feeding of Chaetoceros rich in 16:1 resulted in an increase in proportion of 16:1 in the pearl oysters. Chlorella contained large quantities of ω3-highly unsaturated farty acids (HUFA) such as 20:5ω3, The proportions of ω3-HUFA of the pearl oysters receiving Chlorella for 10 and 30 days were slightly higher than those of starved and Chaetoceros-fed groups but not so high as those of the specimens at the start of the feeding trials.View full abstractDownload PDF (434K) -
Md. Abul Hossain, Masayuki Furuichi, Yasuo Yone1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1669-1671
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRed sea bream were raised on the diets containing white fish meal, nonfermented scrap meal, and fermented-resteamed scrap mcal, whose POV and TBA values decreased and ω3 HUFA content increased by fermentation. The fermentation was carried out with Aspergillus terreus (AT), Asp. flavus (AF), Asp. oryzae (AO), Penicillium citrinum (PC) and Peni. citrinum (PG) isolated from smoked-semidried skipjack, and the combined microbes (FS).
The gowth and feed etfficiency of fish fed on the fermented-resteamed scrap meal diets except the PC diet were superior to those of the nonfermented scrap meal diet group. Especially, the AT, AO, and PG diet groups showed comparably high growth and feed efficiency, to the white fish meal diet group and the FS diet group.View full abstractDownload PDF (212K) -
Kunio Ikuta1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1673-1678
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe black abalones and the top shells were exposed to concentration gradients of heavy metals for 120 and 80 days, respectively. The regression formulae, log Y=log A+B log X…(I), were calculated from the relations between metal concentrations in soft bodies (Y) exposed to respective concentration gradients and exposure days (X). Furthermore, the equations, log y=a+bx…(II), were obtained from the correlations between regression coefficients (x) represented as “B” in the formulae (I) and the respective values in concentration gradients (y). The concentration thresholds were estimated as the values of y intercept in the equation(II).
In the black abalone, the concentration thresholds for cadmium, chromium, copper and lead were 0.96, 1.61, 3.94 and 2.17μg/l, respectively, and in the top shell, the threshold for cadmium was 0.87μg/l. These values were clearly higher than those of the ordinary concentrations in natural seawaters. On the contrary, the thresholds were extremely lower than the metal concentrations regulated in Environmental Criteria for Human Health (10 for cadmium, 50 for chromium and 100μg/l for lead), Discharge Criteria for Industrial Waste Water (100 for cadmium, 500 for chromium, 1000 for lead and 3000μg/l for copper) and Drinking Water Criteria (10 for cadmium, 50 for chromium, 1000 for copper and 100μg/l for lead).
Under these concentrations of metals adopted in the Criteria, the metal contents should be tremendously raised in the soft bodies of the black abalones and the top shells when the life spans and the durations attaining to commercial sizes are taken into consideration.View full abstractDownload PDF (449K) -
Comparative Studies on the Pre-enrichment Media for the Isolation of Salmonella in Fish Meal SamplesKazuaki Saheki1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1679-1685
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSComparative studies were carried out on the pre-enrichment media for the isolation of salmonellae from fish meal samples.
In Experiment I, the following three media: buffered saline solution (BS), buffered peptone water (BPT) and Enterobacteriaceae enrichment mannitol broth (EEM) were compared with their selectivities for qualitative pre-enrichment media.
In Experiment II, seven pre-enrichment media, including the directly employed selenite broth for the quantitative estimation of salmonellae were evaluated for their effectiveness, using S. typhimurium suspension and the fish meal sample inoculated with the same organism.
Results obtained can be summarized as follows: In Exp. I, 39 commercial fish meal samples were examined to compare selectivities of 3 pre-enrichment media, and BS exhibited the highest positive rates being 24.9%, followed by BPT (23.0%), while the positive rates of EEM were as low as 11.1%. In Exp. II, it was found that 0.1% meat extract containing BS (BSM), 0.1% peptone water (0.1% PW) and nutrieut broth gave high recoveries, followed by a half concentration of BPT. However, BPT, EEM and the directly employed selenite broth gave rather poor recoveries as compared with the former four media. As a selective culture medium of salmonellae, Hajina's tetrathionate broth was found to give higher recoveries than the selenite broth.
Based on the aforementioned results, the author wishes to propose the following procedures for the isolation and estimation of salmonellae from fish meal samples; BS will be employed as a pre-enrichment culture medium at 37°C, and for the qualitative test, Hajina's tetrathionate broth will be used as a selective enrichment medium at 43°C, in addition, for the quantitative estimation, BSM is recommended as the pre-enrichment medium.View full abstractDownload PDF (511K) -
Gholam R. Nematipour, Heisuke Nakagawa, Kenji Nanba, Shogoro Kasahara, ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1687-1692
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOn the basis of the result that dietary Chlorella vulgaris extract depressed lipid level of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, the effect on lipid accumulation was further determined by means of biochemical and histological methods. The Chlorella-extract supplementation (2%) to commercial diet depressed lipid levels of the muscle, liver, and intraperitoneal fat body (IPF). Not only was the lipid accumulation suppressed but also the proportion of triglycerides (TG) in the liver and IPF decreased by the supplementation. As a result, the values approached to those of wild-caught ayu.
Fatty acid composition was analyzed in TG and phospholipids (PL) of muscle, liver, and IPF. In spite of the same dietary lipid fed, the influence of Chlorella-extract was found in fatty acid composition of muscle TG and liver PL, but not in others. However, marked difference was observed in fatty acid composition between wild-caught ayu and the cultured two groups.
It was concluded that Chlorella-extract supplement suppressed lipid accumulation, and in tukrn protein was well retained in the muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (431K) -
Haruo Sugita, Ryutaro Ueda, Tamao Noguchi, Osamu Arakawa, Kanehisa Has ...1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1693
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (107K) -
Katsuhiro Tsumatani, Fuyuo Ohta1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1695
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (93K) -
Norihisa Kai, Tadashi Ueda, Yasuaki Takeda, Akiyoshi Kataoka1987 Volume 53 Issue 9 Pages 1697
Published: 1987
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (98K)
- |<
- <
- 1
- >
- >|