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Volume 54, Issue 10
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Susumu Kato1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1673-1679
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn intensive bloom of Prorocentrum micans occurred during May-July in 1978. Both amounts of chl-a and particulate-COD showed maximum values during 1975 to 1984.
Hydrographic and meteorological parameters such as salinity, water temperature, rain fall and gloval solar radiation collected from inner parts of Ise Bay during the period of the investigation were applied to fundamental statistical analysis.
The oceanographic characteristics in 1978 were summarized as follows: 1) River runoff was small amount through the year. 2) The amount of precipitation in May was 80mm which was 50% of the average year. 3) Integrating water temperature (°C) showed the maximum value. 4) Gloval solar radiation (MJ/m2) at May, June and July were greater than 75%-value in each month. There-fore, the bloom in 1978 seems to have occurred under uncommon hydrographic and meteorological conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Katsuhiro Kiso, Sunao Kosaka1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1681-1686
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOvarian development of masu salmon during their early marine phase was characterized by measuring gonad weight (GW), gonadosomatic index (GSI), oocyte diameters and making histologi-cal observations. GW increased with fork length (FL). GSI showed small seasonal changes. Oocytes at the late peri-nucleolus stage were the major component in the ovaries of individuals less than 15cm FL. The distribution pattern of oocyte diameters was unimodal. It was assumed that this was the stage immediately after migration from a river to the sea. Oocytes in the yolkvesicle stage were detected in ovaries from individuals 15-30cm FL. The distribution pattern of oocyte diameters was unimodal. This stage was assumed to be the beginning of the northward migration phase. Oocytes in the oil drop stage were seen in ovaries from individuals over 20cm in FL, and the distribution pattern of oocyte diameters was bimodal.View full abstractDownload PDF (1494K) -
Katsumi Tsukamoto, Katsumi Aida, Tsuguo Otake1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1687-1693
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe objective of this study is to determine the relationship between plasma thyroxine (T4) andthe upstream migratory behavior in the juvenile ayu Plecoglossus altivelis an amphidromous salmo-noidei fish.
Each group showed a great variation of T4 level: i. e. landlocked population 15. 9, amphidro-moos population 10. 4, hatchery-reared fish A 5.6, B 12.2 and C 6.4ng/ml. When they were released in the River Tsubusa, Oita Prefecture, the fish group with the higher T4 level showed the stronger tendency to migrate upstream. Similar result was confirmed in a mark-recapture experiment in an artificial river (length 250m, width 1m, depth 0.3-0.7m, velocity 0.3-0.8m/s).
T4 concentration of fish swimming upstream in the artificial river was 1.3-4.0 times higher in every group than that of each counterpart going downstream. Body size, however, was not a sub-stantial factor to determine the behavior of swimming upstream or downstream. These results de-monstrated a significant positive correlation between plasma T4 and the upstream migratory be-havior, suggesting that T4 played some role in the upstream migration of the ayu.View full abstractDownload PDF (554K) -
Katsutoshi Arai1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1695-1701
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSix intra-and interspecific crossings were made using three species of salmonids viz. brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou, and kokanee O. nerka. Then a portion of each of the crosses was heat-shocked at 29°C for ten min duration commencing ten min after fertilization to induce triploidy. Chromosome numbers and/or electrophoretic genotypes at the phosphogluconate dehydrogenase A (Pgdh-A) locus of survivors were examined to determine ploidy. The triploid rate of heat-shocked brook trout was very high, but that of masu salmon was moderate. Viable triploid hybrids were succes sfully produced in the reciprocal hybridizations between brook trout and masu salmon, but survival potentials of allotriploids were not different from those of diploid hybrids. In brook trout ?? ×kokanee ??, all offsprings from normal hybridization died before feeding, while a small number of allotriploids could survive beyond feeding stage. This evidence suggests that inviabilities of diploid hybrids may be moderated by allotriploidization. Only heat-shocked fish survived in the masu salmon ?? ×kokanee ?? hybridization, suggesting in-creased viability of triploids, but the ploidy of the survivors in this group was not determined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1957K) -
Xuelong Xu, Syoiti Tanaka, Chongdao Mi1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1703-1710
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe estimation of age structure for hadrtail Trichiurus haumera (Forskål) inhabiting the north-ern East China Sea has been tried using size-frequency data over the years. Since most of size-frequency distributions of samples are not clearly polymodal, an improved least-squares method for analysing such data was used. The method does not require initial values of fish number for each age group for starting computation and only requires a possible range for mean size and standard deviation, which can be determined according to biological information. The result of this study shows that the dominant age group in the catches of hairtail is age 1. The effectiveness of this method was compared with the linear approximation and the Marquardt's methods pub-lished by other authors. It is verified that this method could be applicable to non-polymodal frequency distribution for which the last two methods may provide rather poor results.View full abstractDownload PDF (498K) -
Nobuhiko Tanaka, Akihiko Asakawa1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1711-1714
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAntialgal (allelopathic) activity of the mucilage excreted by a brown alga Sargassum horneri to various diatom species was examined. The growth of all diatoms examined was completely in-hibited by the crude mucilage at the concentrations, 3->30%, depending on the species. The lag phases of growth of these diatoms were influenced at the lower concentrations, however, their maximum growth rates were not affected at these concentration levels. The sensitivity of each diatom to the mucilage was related ot its ecological status (eiphyte or plankter), that is, epiphytic diatoms were generally more resistant than planktonic ones. But taxonomical difference (Pennales or Centrales) was not related to the sensitivity. The antialgal substances contained in the mucilage were non-dialyzable (>M. W. 25000) and heat-stable.
The epiphytic diatom flora on S. horneri seems to be influenced by the allelochemicals pyoduced by their host.View full abstractDownload PDF (274K) -
Kanzo Sakata, Tomoko Sakura, Yuji Kamiya, Kazuo Ina1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1715-1718
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe have already established a simple and reliable feeding stimulant assay method for the young abalone Haliotis discus using Avicel (crystalline cellulose) plates. We recently found this simple assay procedure applicable to other marine herbivorous gastropods, the turban shell Turbo cornutus and the top shell Omphalius pfeifferi. The methanol extracts of several species of algae were subjected to the assay. Both test animals showed their feeding preference to the extracts of most species of algae tested. The extract of the green alga U. perlusu was the most active.View full abstractDownload PDF (256K) -
Hideaki Nakata, Toshiyuki Hirano1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1719-1730
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, we discuss wind-induced surface drift inferred from drift-card returns and its implications on the variation of the oceanic conditions in the eastern Seto Inland Sea: the Sea of Harima and Osaka Bay. The wind stress factor estimated for the average drift speed of the cards was about 0.02, which suggests the wind effect is the most dominant influ nce on the movement of the surface water in this sea. In fact, the distribution of low salinity water on the surface of Osaka Bay showed quite different patterns according to the prevailing winds. This may be due to the effect of the wind-induced current coupled with a density current which is found throughout the year. It is also noticeable that prevailing W to NW winds which blow towards the southern coast of Osaka Bay will reduce the advective speed and dispersion of low salinity water, which may result in comparatively small water-exchange in winter. On the other hand, the northward drift of the surface water which is induced by a strong southerly wind in summer possibly cause an upwelling of the bottom water on the southern coast of the Sea of Harima.View full abstractDownload PDF (836K) -
Hiroshi Kawatsu, Terukazu Ikeda1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1731-1736
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAnti-anemic effect of menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB) against molinate-induced anemia was investigated in a bioassay test. Common carp fingerlings were arranged in 12 groups of 20 animals each. Five groups of fish were exposed to molinate at a concentration of 0.10 ppm, 6 groups of fish at 0.32 ppm, and one group of fish served as controls. Concentrations of MPB were set at 0.0, 0.4, 1.2, 3.6 and 10.8 ppb for the test solutions with 0.10 ppm of molinate, and at 0.0, 0.4, 1.2, 3.6, 10.8 and 32.4 ppb for those with 0.32 ppm of molinate, respectively. After 21-day exposure to molinate solutions with different concentrations of MPB, hemoglobin level was determined on all surviving fish. The mortality and hemoglobin level data indicated that MPB was highly effective in preventing anemia. The effective concentrations of MPB were estimated to to be 3.6 ppb in water containing 0.10 ppm of molinate and 32.4 ppb in water containing 0.32 ppm of molinate, respectively.View full abstractDownload PDF (353K) -
Shunichi Yamamitsu, Yasuo Itazawa1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1737-1746
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeart rate, ECG and respiratory parameters were measured with carp of about 600g during various stages of anesthesia induced with 400-800 ppm solution of 2-Phenoxyethanol.
In 400 ppm solution, deep sedation, tachycardia, shortening of QT1, increase in ventialtion frequency and slight decrease in oxygen consumption were observed. In 600 ppm solution, disappearance oftachycardia, extension of time elements of ECG, decrease in all respiratory parameters were observed. In anesthesia induced with 400-600 ppm solution, fish recovered from anesthesia by irrigation with fresh water containing no anesthetic.
In 800 ppm solution, progressive bradycardia, remarkable extension of time elements of ECG and decrease in voltage elements of ECG, drops to almost zero in respiratory parameters owing to cessation of ventilation movement were observed and fish did not recover from anesthesia by irrigation with fresh water.
Decease of fish caused by 2-Phenoxyethanol of 800 ppm was considered to be owing to anoxia induced by paralysis of the respiratory center.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Ichiro Aoki, Takashige Sugimoto1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1747-1755
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe distribution and abundance of pelagic fish schools migrating to the southern coastal area of Kumano-nada Sea were investigated in relation to oceanographic environments by means of the acoustic method. Fish schools occurred more frequently in the area deeper than 50m than in the shallower area near the set-net. The distribution and abundance of fish schools in the area deeper than 50m changed with the coastal oceanographic conditions associated with the fluctuation of the Kuroshio path. The increase in fish abundance occurred in response to the intrusion of warm water from the Kuroshio to the coastal region. It was suggested that the increase may be related with an improvement in the food situation for fish as well as the direct effect of temperature on fish behaviour. The amount of catch per day of the set-net corresponded to 0.3-0.7% of the fish abundance estimated by the acoustic method in the survey area.View full abstractDownload PDF (588K) -
Chokei Itosu, Kohei Kihara, Michio Gomyo1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1757-1762
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA hydraulic model experiment was carried out in a wave tank in order to elucidate the mechanism of nearshore circulation which was induced by the offshore submerged breakwater. The observed distribution of the wave height, the mean water level (MWL) and the radiation stress (RS) component are diagramatically shown and the mechanism of current generation is discussed.
The magnitude of the RS gradient near the breaker line is larger than that ofthe MWL gradient outside the sheltered area behind the breakwater. However, the former is smaller than the latter in the sheltered area. The circulation is induced behind the breakwater so as to compensate this difference. Because the current induces the bottom shear stress which balances with forces due to gradients of the RS and the MWL.
Authors also evaluate the solenoidal component of the RS gradient vector on some assumptions and suggest that the component is approximately balanced by the bottom frictional stress.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Yasuhisa Matsuno, Yuichi Yamanaka1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1763-1768
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBy using the 50 kHz fish finder the measurements were carried out at an indoor 50 ton-water tank. Some nylon balls (diameter 15.8mm) were used instead of fish. The horizontal and vertical settings of these balls were made at random by a personal computer. A transducer of the fish finder received the reflected waves, and a hydrophone received the transmitted waves. These signals were analyzed by means of the signal analyzer.
The results obtained were as follows:(1) The relationship between the density and the transmitted voltage is more reliable than that between the density and the reflected voltage.(2) When each distance of the respecive ball from the transducer changes within a pulse length, the transmitted voltage is far more stable than the reflected voltage in all the measured densities.
The applicability of the transmitted voltage in determining the density of the fish school is suggested by these two items, (1), (2).View full abstractDownload PDF (339K) -
Haruyuki Kanehiro, John E. Kasu, Makoto Suzuki, Hiroshi Inada1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1769-1776
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effect of five additives on the phtodegradation of two types of nylon netting twines (multifilament and monofilament) was investigated. The ultraviolet irradiation was carried out by using carbon arc light source (Fade meter). The progress of photodegradation of the samples after irradiation was evaluated by measuring the loss of mechanical properties and scanning electron micrograph (SEM) examination.
As the results of the comparison of two kinds of exposure tests on the multifilament nylon, it was estimated that about 200 hours irradiation in the Fade meter was equivaelnt to approximately 1 year of outdoor exposure to produce the same strength loss.
A remarkable loss in breaking strength and elongation were observed with irradiation time. Of the two nylon netting twines, multifilament nylon was found to undergo degradation at a faster rate than monofilament. The results of breaking strength and elongation on the nylon treated with additives showed that photodegradation of nylon was greatly affected by the treatment with additives. Among five additives used in this study, benzotriazole (702) was observed to have good protective effect against photodegradation of nylon throughout the irradiation period. And the two types of benzophenone (101 and 101S) were also found to have some protective action, whereas the other two additives (antioxidant (412S) and amine (612 NH)) have poor effect on the nylon. Photostabilizing effect of additives to nylon evaluated from the irradiation time to halve the initial strength (T50) was found to be in the following decreasing order: 702<101S<101<612NH<(101+412S).View full abstractDownload PDF (1918K) -
Haruyuki Kanehiro, John E. Kasu1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1777-1782
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhotodegradation of nylon netting twine exposed in the carbon arc Fade meter was investigated from the relation between mechanical and chemical properties. The progress of photodegradation of the samples after u.v. irradiation was evaluated by measuring breaking strength, molecular weight (viscometeric method) and density.
With increasing of irradiation, a continuous decrease in molecular weight and also an increase in density were observed in proportion to a significant loss of breaking strength. Form these results, the mechanism of the photodegradation of nylon was estimated as follows.
The loss of molecular weight during irradiation suggested the occurrence of photochemical degradation causing the scission of chemical bonds in polymer chain. And also the occurence of reorientation of polymer chain and/or the formation of crosslinking were suggested by the results of the increase in density of nylon fiber with progressive degradation.
The results on breaking strength, molecular weight and density of nylon samples treated with additive (702) showed that this additive acted as a good retardant to photodegradiation of nylon.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Ko Matuda, Fuxiang Hu, Atsushi Koike1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1783-1788
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmidwater trawl net using canvas sheet outside the wings in place of the otter boards was designed, and the static characteristics of the model net were examined in a circulating water tank within flow speed ranging from 25 to 110cm/s. The width and height of the mouth opening and the total drag of the 1.3m model net were measured varying the canvas area from 85 to 265cm2 at 5 different sizes, in which the aspect ratio of the canvas sheet was about 2.0. The total drag of net was divided into the drag of the bag net and the canvas, which were proportional to the mouth opening and the canes area respectively. The drag coefficient of the canvas was about 0.8, while the lift coefficient varied from 0.15 to 0.35 to the area of canvas. The optimum size of canvas matching the net was determined from the relative efficiency of the mouth opening to the drag of net. This value showed a near horizontal curve with a maximum against the canvs area at a constant flow speed, and showed a higher level at lower speed. It was suggested from this that the newly designed midwater trawl was suited to low-speed towing.View full abstractDownload PDF (316K) -
Eiji Niwa, En-sheng Chen, Tian-tsuan Wang, Satoshi Kanoh, Teruo Nakaya ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1789-1793
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to resolve a conflict that the elasticity of kamaboko known as an entropy elastic body is lowered with raising measuring temperature, the effect ofthe temperature on the different physical parameters was re-examined on the sample prepazed from the Alaska pollack frozen surimi. The contractile force of the elongated kamaboko and the expansile force of the compressed one were increased respectively with raising the temperature up to 60°C. The elongation and the compression forces of the kamaboko were monotonously decreased up to 80°C at each strain, The breaking force and the breaking strain were increased up to ca. 60°C for both the cases of elongation and compression, but decreased above this temperature.
Based on the above results and our prevous ones, the extraordinarity in the temperature de-pendence of physical parameters of the kamaboko was discussed in relation to the protein network structure.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K) -
Haruhiko Toyohara, Yutaka Shimizu1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1795-1798
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes in the rigor mortis of fish body and the breaking strength of the muscle were com-pared using tilapia. During ice storage, the rigor index measured by the modified Cutting's method reached maximum 9h after death and the full rigor lasted for 4 days, while the breaking strength of the muscle became maximum 3h after death, then decreased continuously for 24h and then did not change. This result strongly suggested that both changes should be clearly distingu-ished. Therefore, we proposed that the change of the apparent rigor of fish body is expressed as “pre-, in and post-rigor” and that the change of the texture of fish muscle is expressed as “tough and weak”. The weakening of muscle may be explained not as a proteolytic breakdown of myofibrils but as a decomposition of the muscle structure, because no proteolytic reaction was detected by the examination of TCA-soluble material and by the analysis on SDS-PAGE.View full abstractDownload PDF (1089K) -
Attaya Kungsuwan, Tamao Noguchi, Osamu Arakawa, Usio Simidu, Kumiko Ts ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1799-1802
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to detect tetrodotoxin (TTX)-producing bacteria in the Thai horseshoe crab Carcinoscorpius rotundicauda, one of TTX-containing marine invertebrates. Thirteen dom-inant bacteria were isolated from the intestinal contents of live horseshoe crab specimens, and were cultured in a 2 × ORI medium at 20°C for 24h. Bacterial cells of each strain were harvested, ultrasonicated and ultrafiltered, and TTX and anh-TTX fractions were separated from the filtrate by Bio-Gel P-2 column chromatography. HPLC, UV and GC-MS analyses showed that all out of the 13 strains isolated produced anh-TTX, and one strain produced TTX and anh-TTX. The strain which produced both toxins was identified as Vibrio alginolyticus on the basis of biochemical and other characters.View full abstractDownload PDF (286K) -
Kunio Ikuta1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1803-1810
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCopper, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cd contents in whole soft bodies of 340 specimens of a Pacific oyster Crassosrrea gigas were determined individually to make clear their statistical characteristics, such as frequency distribution patterns, their relating statistics, correlations and regressions among biological parameters and heavy metal contents, high-concentrators in the range of high dispersion and their definition, etc.
The histograms for the five metals were asymmetrical patterns with positive skewness, and those of Fe and Mn indicated much higher dispersion than those of Cu, Zn and Cd. The histogram for Mn fitted most adequately to logarithmic normal distribution compared to those of the other four metals.
Simple arithmetic and geometric means (SAM and SGM), modes (Mo) and medians (Me) were arranged as follows: SAM>Me>SGM>Mo for Cu, Mn and Cd; SAM>Me>Mo>SGM for Zn; and SAM>SGM>Me>Mo for Fe.
The extremes of the contents ranged from 96.2 to 1270 for Cu, 78.1 to 1070 for Zn, 15.8 to 732 for Fe containing the two extremely high values, 0.56 to 16.6 for Mn, and 0.056 to 0.799 for Cd (ppm on a fresh wt basis). The ratios (max./mint.) were as follows: Fe (46.27)>Mn (24.64)>Cd (14.27)>Zn (13.70)>Cu (13.20).
The individuals with the high metal contents beyond μ+3σ of the first normal distribution separated on normal probability diagrams were termed as the high-concentrators and their ap-pearance numbers and rates were 2 and 0.59% for Cu, 3 and 0.88% for Zn, 12 and 3.53% for Fe, 17 and 5.00% for Mn and 3 individuals and 0.88% for Cd. These high-concentrators appeared independently irrespective of heavy metal species except the combination of Cu/Zn.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K) -
Kunio Ikuta, Akira Morikawa1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1811-1816
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA number of oysters were collected at the intertidal zone and kept in ice boxes, from which the specimens were serially picked up over 17 times at the interval of 6 hours for 96 hours. Copper, Zn Fe, Mn and Cd contents in soft bodies and shell cavity fluids were determined. At the same time, nitrogen contents in shell cavity fluids were also determined.
Regression and correlation coefficients between the metal and nitrogen contents and the serial times were not significant. Namely, the contents fluctuated independently without regard to the elapsed time. This proved that the preserving method was adequate to confine the metabolic activity of the specimen oysters.
Of the total absolute amounts of Cu and Zn in soft bodies and shell cavity fluids, more than 94% distributed in soft bodies, and consequently, less than 1% of the two metals existed in the fluids. Cadmium more than 98%, Mn more than 97% and Fe more than 96% distributed in soft bodies.
Although the levels of metal contents in shell cavity fluid were clearly less than those in soft bodies, the levels in the fluids were surprisingly higher than those in normal sea waters.
Taking into account the fluctuations of the heavy metal and the nitrogen contents in the shell cavity fluids mentioned above: it was suggested that the pre-concentration in shell cavity fluid through the uptake process of heavy metals is the main factor for the high heavy metal contents in the fluids.
Since, for specimens frozen deeply with shell valves, heavy metal contents in shell cavity fluid have been determined for a long time together with those in soft bodies, heavy metal contents of lamellibranchs are estimated somewhat higher than those obtained from fresh specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Katsumi Kawaguchi, Taeko Amano, Koji Satomi, Michio Yokoyama, Hajime K ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1817-1821
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to find new thickening agents or emulsifiers which possess uselful characteristics forfood industries, we attempted screening of microorganisms from soli and water. As a result, we found one bacterial strain which produced a large amount of extracellular polysaccharide from Sumida River in Tokyo. The strain was identified as Klebsiella pneumoniae in conformity to Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology (1984).
The polysaccharide (BS-1) produced by this strain showed higher viscosity than known thickening agents such as xanthan gum, carrageenan and tragacanth gum. The viscosity of 1% (w/v) BS-1 at 20°C reached 7000cps under the shear rate of 1/S. Besides, BS-1 possessed a good property as an emulsifier. When we made emulsions of O/W=3/7 using several emulsifiers involving BS-1 and observed after 3 days of storage at room temperature, it was found that BS-1 stabilized the emulsion at the concentration of as low as 0.1% (w/v), and that the emulsion kept its creamy smoothness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1024K) -
Hisashi Ichikawa, Kiyoyoshi Nishita1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1823-1828
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen akazara hybridized myosins prepared from akazara desensitized myosin (DM) with various molluscan and vertebrate regulatory light chains (R-LCs) were incubated in the presence of EDTA, the R-LCs were dissociated exponentially with increasing incubation period.
Both the extent and rate of the dissociation were found to be considerably greater for the molluscan R-LCs than for the vertebrate R-LCs. The dissociation showed a biphasic dependence on incubation temperature. On the other hand, the fluorescence intensity of tryptophan residure in DM and of ANS bound to DM also changed biphasically. Transition temperatures for the R-LC dissociation and the fluorescence intensity were well coincided at about 20°C.
It was thus strongly suggested that the molluscan R-LCs bind to DM depending on the divalent cations, whereas the vertebrate R-LCs bind largely depending on the other types of interaction. In addition, the conformational change of DM was assumed to occur above 20°C so as to ac-celexate the R-LC dissociation.View full abstractDownload PDF (501K) -
Toshiro Maruyama, Kazuo Ochiai, Akio Miura, Tamao Yoshida1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1829-1834
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFour kinds of chlorinated soultions were investigated to identify the causative substance (s) inhibiting the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli. The inhibitory effects were measured in terms of the length and the number of dead cells in Porphyra yezoensis thalli. Tests were conducted by cultures dosed chlorinated municipal sewage effluent, chlorinated ammonium solution, chlorinated municipal sewage effluent after nitrification and chlorinated ion exchanged water, respectively, each culture being subjected to shaking. Chlorinated municipal sewage effluent and chlorinated ammonium solution showed rather severe inhibitory effects on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli as compared to chlorinated municipal sewage effluent after nitrification and chlorinated ion exchanged water. EC50 (10-day) values (in initial chlorine con-centration)for chlorinated municipal sewage effluent, chlorinated ammonium solution and chlorinated ion exchanged water were 0.016mg Cl/l, 0.014-0.020mg Cl/l and 1.4mg Cl/l, respectively. The chlorinated municipal sewage effluent after nitrification did not show any adverse effects on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli. It was determined that only mono-chloramine formed in both chlorinated municipal sewage effluent and chlorinated ammonium solution, and that no chloramine is present in both chlorinated effluent after nitrification and chlorinated ion exchanged water. Therefore, monochloramine was considered to be a causative substance to the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli. Above mentioned results suggest that complete nitrification is suitable measures to reduce the adverse effects of chlorinated muni-cipal sewage effluent on the growth of Porphyra yezoensis thalli.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Kazunaga Yazawa, Keiko Araki, Kazuo Watanabe, Chikako Ishikawa, Akira ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1835-1838
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to find eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) -producing microorganisms. Out of some 7, 000 bacterial strains screened, 112 of them showed more or less this activity. Most of them were isolated from intestinal contents of marine fishes which were known to contain high levels of EPA in their body lipid. A bacterial strain isolated from the Pacific mackerel Pneurnatophorus japonicus showed a high productivity of EPA (3.8 to 10.8mg/g dry cells) and also a high ratio of EPA to total fatty acids (27.8 to 36.3%). The strain was Gram-negative, motile, obligate aerobic and short rod-shaped, which we judge it to be a new species close to genus Alteromonas.View full abstractDownload PDF (1107K) -
Chiaki Imada, Usio Simidu1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1839-1845
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA marine actinomycete which produced an extracellular α-amylase inhibitor was isolated and identified. A new and simple starch agar plate method was employed for a quick screening of the inhibitor producer. Out of 5, 158 isolates from various sea areas, only one strain which was isolated from the sediment of neritic sea area was found to produce an amylase inhibitor. The strain showed abundant to moderate growth covered with aerial mycelium of light gray to light brownish color on all the media except for glucose-asparagine agar. The spores were cylindrical and the surface was smooth. Sporangia and flagellated spores were not observed. The strain showed taxonomic features closely identical to the strain type of Streptomyces corclrorusii except for the temperature range for growth, NaCl tolerance and intracellular pigment production in the presence of seawater. From these differences, the strain is named Streptanyces corchorusii subsp. rhodanarinas subsp. nov.
This is the first report of an amylase inhibitor producing organism from marine environment.View full abstractDownload PDF (2140K) -
Masami Hamaguchi, Riichi Kusuda1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1847
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (119K) -
Iwao Takemaru, Riichi Kusuda1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1849
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (80K) -
Eiji Niwa, Tian-tsuan Wang, Satoshi Kanoh, Teruo Nakayama1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1851
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (88K) -
Kunio Suetsuna, Masahiro Yamagami, Kazumasa Kuwata1988 Volume 54 Issue 10 Pages 1853
Published: October 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (108K)
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