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Volume 54, Issue 12
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Kazuo Fujino, Shigeru Nakajima, Takeshi Takahashi1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2049-2054
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSQuantitative analyses of genotypic relationships between parents and their diploid and triploid offspring sib populations, induced by inhibiting release of first or second polar body, have made it possible to estimate rate ofgene-centromere recombination at phosphogluconate dehydrogenase and phosphoglucomutase loci and to disclose differential contribution of oocytes to triploid offspring, in relation to the latter locus in the Pacific abalone Haliotis discus hannai.
In the present work, application ofthe similar analyses on parentage of genotypic compositions allowed to estimate rate of gene-centromere recombination and fitness or differential contribution of oocytes to triploid offspring at each of the loci coding electrophoretic and thermostability variations of phosphoglucose isomerase and esterase and to discuss probable integrated effect of genotypes at multiple loci of parental female animals on their relative contribution in production of triploid offsprings.View full abstractDownload PDF (398K) -
Katsutoshi Arai, Kazuo Fujino, Masahiro Kudo1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2055-2064
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present paper compares karyotypes and zymograms on three species of abalones Haliotis planata, H. varia, and H. diversicolor diversicolor collected from coasts of Japan. The diploid chromosome number was 32 in all the three species, comprising 18 metacentric, 12 submetacentric and 2 submeta- or subtelocentric chromosomes both in H. planata and H. varia and 16 metacentric, 14 submetacentric, and 2 subtelo- or acrocentric chromosomes in H. diversicolor diversicolor. Zymogram analyses revealed interspecific differences with regard to presence or absence/mobility of some loci coding six enzymes as well as intraspecific genetic variations. Hardy-Weinberg analyses on genotypic distribution indicated some excessive occurrence of homozygotes at some loci, suggesting inbreeding structure in the wild populations sampled.View full abstractDownload PDF (3616K) -
Riichi Kusuda, Takushi Tanaka1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2065-2069
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to know the defense mechanism of yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata against Streptococcus sp, infection, phagocytic response of glass adherent macrophage-like cells isolated from normal fish was examined after one hour incubation at 25°C. Phagocytosis was observed in Giemsa stained smears under light microscope. Opsonic effects of specific antibody and com-plement were also investigated.
Specific antibody increased the phagocytic activity and phagocytic index significantly. After addition of complement neither phagocytic activity nor phagocytic index changed significantly. In presence of specific antibody and complement, phagocytic activity and phagocytic index were significantly higher than in the control, and higher than in the previous tests. These results suggest that activation of the classical pathway of yellowtail complement by antigen-antibody reaction is an important function in opsonization of particulate antigen.View full abstractDownload PDF (331K) -
Isao Hayashi1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2071-2078
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe vertical distribution of macrobenthic organisms in the sediment was studied at 6 sampling stations around the Sado Strait in the Sea of Japan using a small type USNEL box corer (sampling area: 0.1m2). Vertical profiles differed between the sandy and the muddy bottoms. Although majority of organisms were concentrated in the near-surface layer of sediment in the sandy bottom, a considerable portion of the fauna tended to penetrate into the deeper layer in the muddy bottom, the peak of the vertical profile curve shifting downward in the nearshore stations. Polychaetous annelids showed various types of vertical distribution. An analysis of the vertical distribution of each polychaete species revealed that overlapping of the main occurring ranges was not so serious among some dominant species collected at the same station.View full abstractDownload PDF (549K) -
Yasuo Mugiya, Fumitomo Odawara1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2079-2083
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of hypophysectomy and replacement therapy using ovine prolactin on serum calcium and sodium levels, as well as on calcium incorporation into otoliths and scales, were examined in goldfish. Hypophysectomized fish were given ovine prolactin (0.3IU/g body weight) 3 times at intervals of 48h. Subsequently, fish were transferred to water labelled with 45Ca and administered the fourth dose of prolactin the following day. After 2 days in this radioactive environment, fish were sacrificed in order to perform 45Ca analyses.
Hypophysectomy resulted in marked hypocalcemia and hyponatremia, which were completely corrected by prolactin therapy. Serum 45Ca levels were lowered in the hypophysectomized fish but were only partially corrected by prolactin. The incorporation of 45Ca into otoliths was reduced by hypophysectomy and exogenous prolactin had no effect on restoring this incorporation. Hypophy-sectomy also reduced the rate of 45Ca incorporation into scales but in this tissue, prolactin partially restored this incorporation rate to normal. In terms of μg Ca/mg tissue weight, hypophysectomy resulted in a marked reduction in calcium incorporation into otoliths, which was not restored by prolactin therapy. In scales, however, hypophysectomy and prolactin exhibited no effect on the incorporation of calcium. These results were discussed in relation to the presence of physiologically labile calcium pool in scales.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Kohei Kihara, Allen M. Shimada1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2085-2088
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence ofbottom water temperature upon the dynamics of trophic relationships between prey and predator of Pacific cod was examined in the eastern Bering Sea during summers from 1979 to 1984. Pacific cod was partitioned into categories by sex and fork length. The common occurrence between small Pacific cod (male & female <30cm in fork length) and walleye pollock (male & female >51cm) was found to vary significantly with bottom temperature. Area overlaps between large Pacific cod and small walleye pollock (female <20cm), searcher, pink shrimp, rock sole, and wattled eelpout which are prey of Pacific cod were also found to have significant cor-relations with ambient temperature. This study has suggested that bottom water temperature pro-motes concurrence of species which accelerates and changes predation and competition between predator and prey populations of Pacific cod.View full abstractDownload PDF (320K) -
Mamoru Yoshimizu, Manabu Sami, Takahisa Kimura1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2089-2097
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe possibility of vertical transmission of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was studied using the eggs of masu salmon Oncorhynchus masou and chum salmon O. kera. One day after incubation, IHNV was not detected from the eggs of masu salmon and chum salmon contaminated with IHNV. Eggs just after fertilization, and eyed eggs were injected intraoviumly with IHNV by microglass needle. Infectivity of IHNV inside the eggs decreased gradually and could not be detected 1 week or 5 weeks after incubation. This reduction rate of IHNV infectivity in the fertilized egg was similar to that found in the mixture with IHNV and the homogenized egg contents. Several kinds of phospholipid, amino acid and vitamin those were components of yolk showed anti-IHNV activity. In the eyed eggs, the embryos of both masu salmon and chum salmon were infected with IHNV, and this infectivity increased rapidly and reached more than 106.5 TCID50/fish. The cumulative mortality of both masu salmon and chum salmon were 90%. The rate of susceptibility of hatched-out masu salmon and chum salmon fry against IHNV were different, and the cumulative mortality was more than 90%in masu salmon and 20 to 30% in chum salmon artificially infected with IHNV by immersion method. From above results, we concluded that the vertical transmission of IHNV is doubtful.View full abstractDownload PDF (615K) -
Kazuaki Saheki, Tamiko Hashimoto, Shigeru Shimamura1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2099-2105
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSo called coastal fish meals produced in the coastal areas of Japan, are often contaminated with salmonellae. This study focuses on destruction of salmonellae in fish meal samples by dry heat and gaseous ethylene oxide (EO).View full abstractDownload PDF (499K) -
Kazuaki Saheki, Kenjiro Konno, Takae Sato, Toshiharu Kawabata1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2107-2112
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe decontamination of salmonellae from fish meal samples by irradiation which 60Coγ ray was examined.
Sixteen strains of Salmonella were used. A composite fish meal sample was prepared by mixing with different coastal meals, and after radiation sterilization at a dose of 20 kGy 60Coγ ray, which was employed as the salmonella-free meal sample.
D10 values of test strains determined in buffered saline were found to range from 0.08 to 0.36 kGy, and inactivation factors at a dose of 1 kGy ranged from 102.8 to 1013.
D10 values of test strains determined in the salmonella-free meal sample ranged from 0.59 to 1.64 kGy, and the inactivation factors at a dose of 10 kGy were found to range from 106.1 to 1017.
Interestingly the D10 values of salmonellae determined in fish meal samples were 10 times as much compared with those determined in buffered saline.
From the commercial aspects of coastal fish meal production, destruction of salmonellae in fish meals by 60Coγ ray irradiation was found to be much more practical than other methods such as dry heating and ethylene oxide fumigation.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
Md. Abul Hossain, Masayuki Furuichi, Yasuo Yone1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2113-2115
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSYeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFO 2114 was cultured in 25l of 75% sea water containing liquid obtained from mackerel waste juice and molasses (WY) for 48h, and (1) nitrogen and pho-sphorus contents in WY medium and (2) proximate and fatty acid compositions of the harvested yeast (WY yeast) were determined. The amount of harvested WY yeast was sufficient to feed rotifers (150×106 indiv./ton) for a day. Furthermore, the yeast reduced nitrogen and phosphorus contents in the medium to a level which was considered to be safe to discard. On the other hand, WY yeast was higher than yeast cultured in MY medium and baker's yeast and far lower than ω yeast and marine chlorella in lipid content and percentage of ω3 HUFA in total fatty acids.View full abstractDownload PDF (170K) -
Md. Abul Hossain, Masayuki Furuichi, Yasuo Yone1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2117-2119
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate whether the lipid from mackerel waste juice can be used as a feed oil by removing toxic oxidized products or not, the POV, TBA value and fatty acid composition of lipid treated with Aspergillus terreus were compared with those of nontreated lipids. A 18h treatment with the mold decreased lipid, POV, and TBA value. Moreover, the percent of ω3 HUFA in total fatty acids increased markedly by the treatment. These findings suggest that the nutritive value of lipid from fish waste juice may be improved by the treatment with Asp. terreus.View full abstractDownload PDF (167K) -
J. Fábregas, J. Llovo, A. Muñoz1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2121-2126
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSpermatozoa from the fish Diplodus sargus L. were agglutinated by seaweed extracts. Three interaction types were observed: head to head, tail to tail and head to tail. There was not singular agglutination for each algal species tested.
Of all algal extracts, 16% of brown algae and 3% of red algae, showed agglutinating activity. In the brown algae, the maximum agglutinating activity was shown by Fucus serratus (1:256), whereas in the red algae the maximum agglutinating activity was shown by Polyneura halliae (1:32). None of the green algae assayed showed agglutinating activity.
Some algal extracts can recognize specific binding sites on the spermatozoa membrane. In the inhibition assay, four carbohydrates showed inhibition activity in the case of Fucus spiralis: 1-β-galactopyranoside (96.8% inhibition) and maltose, glucose and mannose (87.5% inhibition). The red alga Polyneura hilliae activity was totally inhibited by N-acetyl-glucosamine and N-acetyl-mannosamine, and another red alga Gelidium cartilagineum by N-acetyl-glucosamine.
It is supposed that marine algal agglutinins offer an important tool to study cell surface and can be used in the discrimination of fish spermatozoa.View full abstractDownload PDF (1180K) -
Teruo Nakayama, Norio Sato, Satoshi Kanoh, Eiji Niwa1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2127-2134
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRestructed sardine meat was produced from the mixture of thoroughly washed pulverized meat (WPM) and sardine oil, by adding sodium alginate (2%) and dialysing against CaCl2 solution. WPM was prepared from minced sardine meat by washing with water and straining through a decanter in order to remove oil and water-soluble protein. In both raw and cooked products, jelly strength was decreased by the increase of added sardine oil. The value of jelly strength of the cooked product was larger than 1kg, up to the point of 20% addition of sardine oil, when the concentration of CaCl2 solution for dialysis was equal to or higher than 0.2%. The breaking deformation was decreased by heating, and was not affected by the increase of added sardine oil. Any textural improvement in the product from the mixture of WPM and sardine oil was not observed by the addition of 0.15% Na4P2O7•10H2O, while its effect was obviously observed in the jelly strength of the product from whole fish body of sardine. By a sensory evaluation, the product from the mixture of WPM and sardine oil was similar to kamaboko in the sense as felt when apiece of the sample was bitten off, and it was similar to sausage in the sense as felt when the teeth were just penetrating into a piece of the sample. This texture was favoured by the panelists.View full abstractDownload PDF (1267K) -
Katsuhiko Harada, Yufuki Abe, Tomonori Sugiyama1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2135-2138
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe repellence activities of cazboxylic and acidic amino acids in the oriental weatherfish Misgurnus anguillicaudatus were statistically estimated on the basis of an exploratory and feeding behavior of the fish in a repellence-attraction aquarium. Several carboxylic acids and acidic amino acids were found to have a repellence activity. Not all the carboxylic acids tested were effective at the concentrations used, while all the acidic amino acids tested were more or less effective. Of dicarboxylic ones, malic acid was the most effective. L-glutamic and L-cysteic acids were the most effective of the dicarboxylic and sulfur containing-amino acids, respectively. L-cysteic acid was the most effective acid found in the present study. Thus, this study reveals that carboxylic group containing-acids in a single solution behave as a repellent in the oriental weather-fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (279K) -
Eiji Niwa, Tian-tsuan Wang, Satoshi Kanoh, Teruo Nakayama1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2139-2142
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwelve kinds of natural high polymers and the kamabokos added with each of them were sub-jected to the differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis. From the DSC curve, calculated was the R105 value proposed by T. Akahane et al., which represented the amount of captured water in the total water. The R105 value was high on the whole for the agar, k-carrageenan, corn starch, egg albumin, soybean proteins A1 and A2, and wheat gluten, while not for the cellulose, chitin, lignin, and methyl cellulose. The former high polymers had been found profitable gelling substance, while the latter polymers unprofitable one. The R105 value of the kamaboko was increased by the addition of each of the profitable polymers.
From the results, it seems sure that gelling substance strengthenes the elasticity of kamaboko by increasing the water-holding capacity.View full abstractDownload PDF (293K) -
Chongsheng Yuan, Keiko Yoshioka, Ryuji Ueno, Manabu Kitamikado1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2143-2148
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for distinguishing frozen-thawed from unfrozen fish was developed. The principle of this method is based on the findings that in the blood of most species of fish, particularly in the cytosol of the red blood cells, the presence of a neutral β-N-acetylglucosaminidase which does not express activity in the intact cells unless the cells are damaged, e. g. by freezing and thawing. The differentiation was performed by fluorometric determination of the neutral β-N-acetylglucosamini-dase activity in fish blood. For the fresh and for the chilling fish kept for one to three days at 4°C, the blood showed little fluorescence, while for the frozen fish stored at -20°C or -40°C even for one day, the blood showed a strong fluorescence. The method is applicable to most commercial fish species, both marine and freshwater. Compaed with other available enzymatic methods, the method is simple and reliable. The entire procedure can be done in about 20 min.View full abstractDownload PDF (426K) -
Manabu Kitamikado, Chongsheng Yuan, Keiko Yoshioka, Ryuji Ueno1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2149-2151
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe developed a simple routine method and test paper method for differentiating frozen-thawed fish from unfrozen one. The suggested procedure consists of two steps; (i) incubation of a drop of fish blood with a fluorescent substrate in a Durham tube for 10 min at room temperature, (ii) ter-mination of the reaction by adding an alkaline buffer and observing on the color change of the blood in Durham tube under a UV-lamp. For unfrozen fish, the blood shows red while it shows blue for frozen-thawed fish. The method requires only 10μl of the blood and about 15 min for the entire procedure. Based on the routine method, a test paper method was developed. The differentiation can be performed by smearing a drop ofthe blood on the test paper, and after keeping it at room temperature for 10 min, placing a drop of the alkaline buffer on the paper, and then observing the color change under a UV-lamp. Both the routine and test paper methods are ap-plicable for testing the most common edible fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Hisaki Nakagawa, Shinya Ishio1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2153-2158
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSToxicity and accumulation of cadmium to the eggs and larvae of medaka Oryzias latipes were examined in cadmium concentrations of 0.1-4.0 ppm.
The eggs were not adversely affected by the cadmium concentrations of 0.1-2.0 ppm, but their hatchability significantly decreased at 4.0 ppm. In the larvae exposed to cadmium concentrations higher than 0.2 ppm, rates of survival decreased, and symptoms of cadmium poisoning such as erratic swimming and loss of equilibrium were observed.
The amounts of cadmium accumulated by the eggs reached stable levels for a short period, depending on the cadmium concentrations in test solutions. The accumulation of cadmium by the larvae increased rapidly with exposure time at all concentrations (0.1, 0.4 and 2.0 ppm). The eggs accumulated cadmium as much as 32-280 ng/egg when exposed to cadmium concentrations of 0.1-4.0 ppm. On the other hand, the larvae accumulated cadmium 2.6-5.5 ng/larva in the test solutions with cadmium concentrations of 0.1, 0.4 and 2.0 ppm. The eggs could accumulate cadmium 10-30 times higher than the larvae.
Thus, the reason that the eggs were more resistant to cadmium than the larvae is thought as follows: most of the cadmium accumulated in the eggs remains on the chorion and is scarcely trans-ferred into the embryos, whereas cadmium accumulated in the larvae is immediately transferred into target organs or tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (475K) -
Hisaki Nakagawa, Shinya Ishio1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2159-2164
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe aspects of Cd2+ accumulation by eggs of Orpzias latipes were examined when the eggs were exposed to the test solutions of Cd2+ concentrations of 4.0-100μM made with Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ water containning 5mM Tris buffer solution (pH 8.0). The amounts of Cd2+ accumulated by the eggs reached stable levels, depending on the Cd2+ concentrations of the test solutions within 24 to 48hours after exposure. The relationship between the stable Cd levels of eggs and the Cd2+ concentrations of test solutions was expressed by the Langmiur's adsorption isotherm. The binding affinity of Cd2+ to the binding sites of eggs became weak by the coexistence of Na+, K+, Ca2+ and Mg2+ in the Cd2+ test solutions. Consequently, the amounts of Cd2+ accumulated by the eggs were lowered. The Cd2+ accumulated in the egg was mostly bound to the chorion, while 8.1 to 26.8% of the Cd content of the egg contained in the embryo and yolk.
Thus, Cd2+ accumulation in the egg could be explained as the sorption phenomenon characteristic of the simultaneous occurrence of the adsorption of Cd2+ to the egg surface and the absorption of Cd through the chorion into the interior parts of the egg.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Toshiaki Ohshima, Shun Wada, Chiaki Koizumi1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2165-2171
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInfluences of myoglobin, ferrous and ferric irons, nitrite, EDTA and ascorbate on lipid oxida-tion in cooked water-extracted and non-extracted mackerel meat were investigated to elucidate the mechanism involved in oxidative rancidity of cooked mackerel meat during refrigerated storage.
Both myoglohin and ferrous iron accelerated lipid oxidation of cooked water-extracted mackerel meat. EDTA inhibited the lipid oxidation accelerated by ferrous iron, but not that accelerated by myoglobin. Also, with cooked non-extracted mackerel meat, EDTA noticeably inhibited lipid oxidation. Non-heme iron-catalysis seemed to be related in part to lipid oxidation in cooked mackerel meat. Addition of nitrite in combination with ascorbate resulted in re-markable inhibition of lipid oxidation in the cooked mackerel meat. From these results, it was postulated that nitric oxide ferrohemochromogen, formed from added nitrite and myoglobin, present in the mackerel meat in the presence of a reducing agent, posesses an antioxidant activity, which is attributable in part to the function as a metal chelator.View full abstractDownload PDF (466K) -
Kaoru Takada, Takako Aoki, Naomichi Kunisaki1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2173-2179
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA large quantity of shrimps are imported and consumed as many varieties of dishes in Japan. Eighteen different species of imported shrimps were collected in the central whole sale fish market in Tokyo. This study was undertaken to analyze the nutritive components. The results obtained are as follows:
1. The contents of the edible portions of 18 species of shrimps were: moisture, 72.8-81.9; crude protein, 16.4-22.6; lipid, 1.1-4.2; and ash, 0.7-3.4%.
2. The contents of free amino acid such as glycine, alanine and proline were higher than that of other amino acids. Amino acid which do not constitute protein such as sarcosine, β-alanine, γ-amino butylic acid, ethanolamine and carnosine were detected only in the Pandalidae family of shrimps and anseline was also detected only in zinkenebi (Plesionika edwardsi).
3. Contents of unsaturated fatty acid such as C18:1, C20:1 and C20:5 in Pandalidae family shrimp inhabit thc cold current area and were higher than that of other family.
4. Contents of Na, K and P were high for every kind of shrimp and Na contents varied greatly.
5. Total cholesterol was in the range of 90-150mg/100g in the edible portion of the shrimps.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Haruo Sugita, Michikazu Fukumoto, Hiromitsu Koyama, Yoshiaki Deguchi1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2181-2187
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe present study was performed to investigate the effect of oxytetracycline (OTC) on the intestinal microflora of goldfish Carassius auratus. OTC was orally administrated at 50mg/kg body weight, and fecal flora of three goldfish was successively determined. As a result, two fish harboured Aeromonas hydrophila and Bacteroides type A as predominant organisms during the experimental period, whereas Bacteroides type A was not detected in another fish during the ad-ministration of OTC though Aeromonas hydrophila was the dominant one. The reason being suggested was that either the day-to-day variation of intestinal microflora or the different response of each microflora to OTC. In addition, it was generally observed in all the goldfish that the OTC resistant bacteria became dominant 1-6 days after oral administration of the drug.View full abstractDownload PDF (468K) -
Eiichi Nishide, Mitsunori Ohno, Hirosi Anzai, Naoyuki Uchida1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2189-2194
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA best search for the most efficient extraction condition of sulfated polysaccharide (Porphyran) from Porphyra yezoensis UEDA F. narawaensis MIURA was made. The highest yield was obtained by the following procedure:
Raw algal fronds were treated with 3.7% formaldehyde solution in a flask closed with a stopper at 30°C for 24h. After addition of 2 times volume of distilled water, the suspension was heated at 100°C with stirring for 12h. The extract was cooled at room temperature and filtered through a layer of diatom earth. The clarified filtrate was dialyzed in a Visking cellophane tube against running tap water for 24h, and evaporated to 1/4 of its original volume under reduced pressure, to this was added 4 times volume of ethanol at room temperature. The gelatinous precipitate collected by centrifugation was washed with ethanol, and acetone, and dried at 30°C for 12h.
Gel-filtration on Sepharose CL-2B showed that the higher molecular weight polysaccharides were extracted by treatment with a higher temperature and a lower molecular weight components which was eluted the position to the Vi increase in the amount with the length of extraction time.View full abstractDownload PDF (390K) -
Hiroki Saeki, Michio Nonaka, Hirotada Ozaki, Ken-ichi Arai1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2195-2202
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSkipjack myofibrils were suspended or dissolved in the media containing varied concentrations of CaCl2 and NaCl conferring different ionic strength (0.05-0.5). Water-holding capacity (WHC) of myofibrils and thermal inactivation rate (KD) of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase were measured under the conditions as prepared above.
A considerable decrease in the WHC of myofibrils were found to occur when the ionic strength (I) of medium remained low (I=0.05-0.10) and CaCl2 of less than 15mM concentration was added. The decrease in WHC induced by the addition of CaCl2 was recovered after the removal of such salt by dialysis.
The KD of skipjack myofibrils in low ionic strength medium (0.16M NaCl) was virtually unchanged by addition of CaCl2. On the contrary, the KD of myofibrils in high ionic strength medium (0.5M NaCl) was remarkably increased by CaCl2 and it remained even after the removal of CaCl2. Moreover, thermal inactivation mode of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase was changed from single first order process to biphasic first order steps by the same treatments with CaCl2. It was also found that the changes in KD and inactivation mode of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase were mostly recovered upon the addition of F-actin.
These results indicate that the actin portion in fish myofibrillar protein was dominantly denatured at a high ionic strength through the reaction with CaCl2.View full abstractDownload PDF (573K) -
Chiaki Koizumi, Chun-Ming Chang, Toshiaki Ohshima, Shun Wada1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2203-2210
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to obtain information concerning influences of freeze-thawing process on the quality of fish during refrigerated storage, fresh round sardine and horse mackerel were frozen at -20°C and subsequently stored at the same temperature for 35 days. After thawing in water, the fish was stored in a refrigerator of about 5°C for 8 days. During storage, VBN content, K value, TBA value, lipid class composition and fatty acid composition were determined at an appropriate interval and compared with those of the unfrozen fish which was stored under the same refrigerated conditions. As a result, it became clear that freeze-thawing process accelerates 1) deterioration of freshness in horse mackerel but not in sardine and 2) enzymatic hydrolysis of lipids in sardine and both hydrolysis and oxidation of lipids in horse mackerel during refrigerated storage. From these results, it was assumed that disruption of membranes and other tissue structures of the fish flesh due to freeze-thawing process results in acceleration of various reactions involved in the deteriorations of both freshness and lipids during refrigerated storage.View full abstractDownload PDF (572K) -
Koji Satomi, Akio Sasaki, Michio Yokoyama1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2211-2215
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to inhibit the lipid oxidation in the fish sausage prepared from sardine meat. The fish sausage was prepared from 100% sardine meat or from mixed meat of 24% sardine and 76% surimi of Alaska pollack, and was packaged in a casing made from polyvinylidene chloride (PVDC) or polyethylene terephthalate/aluminum foil/polypropylene (PET/Al/PP). These sausage were stored at 30°C in darkness for 30 days and the oxidative deterioration of the sausage was examined by measuring the TBA value and flavor score. Casing by PET/Al/PP film was the most effective to inhibit the lipid oxidation compared with casing by PVDC film. Also the oxida-tive deterioration of 100% sardine meat sausage was more remarkable than mixed sardine meat sausage, Addition of NaNO2 or NaNO2 plus sodium ascorbate was effective to inhibit the oxida-tion in sausage. When the sausage was prepared from mixed meat with addition of 100ppm NaNO2 plus 1, 000ppm sodium ascorbate and with PVDC casing, no appreciable oxidative de-terioration was detected even after 30 days storage at 30°C. On the other hand, in the sausage prepared from 100% sardine meat, the lipid oxidation of the sausage had proceeded to an ap-preciable level even before starting storage, though PET/Al/PP caring was used. The possible mechanism of lipid oxidation in fish meat sausage in the processing steps such as transportation process of harvested sardine, emulsion making and stuffing process, and heat processing in a retort was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (378K) -
Naoyuki Uchida, Masaharu Kaneko, Tatuya Musashi, Kayo Tanaka, Hiroshi ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2217-2221
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarp Cyprinus carpio and tilapia Oreochromis niloticus injected p, p'-DDT (DDT) intraperi-tonealy were kept in a now-through aquarium systern (FAS) and in a closed aquarium system (CAS). The concentrations of DDT, p, p'-DDE (DDE), p, p'-DDD (DDD) and p, p'-DDT-OH in the whole body and in the CAS were determined by a combination of silica gel column chromato-graphy and GLC-ECD to investigate the initial metabolic pathway of DDT in both fishes.
The DDT in both fishes kept in the FAS was rapidly cleared with an experimental time. A rate constant of the clearance was roughly estimated according to first order reaction at 4.2×10-2/day for the carp and 2.4×10-2/day for the tilapia. The metabolite of DDT detected in the carp was only DDE (31% of the original DDT on an average of two fishes, at 7 days after injection and 47% at 35 days, the end of the experiment). In the tilapia, slight increases of DDE and DDD were observed. DDE and DDD injected intraperitonealy into tilapia resulted in no change.
In the CAS including the fish and rearing water, about 25% of the DDT injected was meta-bolized to DDE and 73% of the original DDT remained in the carp. On the other hand, about 1% and 7% of the DDT injected was metabolized to DDE and DDD, respectively, and 89% of the DDT remained in the tilapia.
These results, together with the previous findings (N. Uchida, T. Musashi, H. Katuura, H. Anzai, and E. Nishide: Nippon Suisan Gakkaishi, 54, 129-133 (1988)), suggest that the carp had only one initial metabolic pathway converting from DDT to DDE and that the tilapia had two pathways which were converting very slowly from DDT to DDE and DDD.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
Masaru Amio, Tatsuo Hamano, Edwin V. Lawry1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2223
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (995K) -
Nobuaki Okamoto, Hiroshi Hirotani, Tokuo Sano, Michiharu Kobayashi1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2225
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (134K) -
Fujio Hayashi, Matsuhisa Inoue1988 Volume 54 Issue 12 Pages 2227
Published: December 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (117K)
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