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Volume 54, Issue 7
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
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Kazuma Yoshikoshi, Yoshio Kô1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1077-1082
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPeritrophic membranes are formed in all the 25 species examined. The peritrophic mem-branes of free-living and commensal notodelphyoid copepods are formed in the whole region of the mid-gut, whereas they are formed in the posterior region of the mid-gut in some cyclopoid associates of marine bivalves and parasitic copepods. The peritrophic membranes of free-living copepods are generally thicker than those of parasitic copepods. A chitosan test and histochemical and ultrastructural examinations revealed that the peritrophic membranes of free-living Tigriopus and parasitic Panaietis consist of chitinous microfibrils arranged in a disperse texture and a ground substance containing acid mucopolysaccharides and proteins, and chitinous microfibrils of Tigri-opus are much thicker than those of Panaietis. In Lernaea, faecal pellets are produced at conside-rably regular intervals. On the basis of these findings some possible roles of the peritrophic mem-branes of copepods are discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (2331K) -
Hiroshi Kohno, Shiro Hara, Marietta Duray, Amalia Gallego1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1083-1091
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early larval development of Siganus guttatus was studied with emphasis on the transition From endogenous to exogenous feeding. Three rearing trials were conducted as follows: 1) rear-ing in a 5 ton concrete tank at 27.9-29.3°C (T-85 trial); 2) rearing in a 0.5 ton fiberglass tank at 22.2-26.5°C(T-86A trial); 3) rearing in the same manner as in T-86A but without food (T-86B trial). On the basis of the developmental events and energy flow in T-86A trial, the early life history of the species could be divided into the following seven phases: 1) rapid larval growth due to rapid yolk resorption (from hatching to about 15h after hatching (time after hatching: TAH)); 2) slow growth and organogenesis based mainly on yolk energy (to about 50h TAH); 3) slow growth based on energy of yolk, oil globule and exogenous food (to about 70h TAH); 4) slow growth based on two sources of energy, oil globule and exogenous food (to about 90h TAH); 5) the same mode of development and energy flow as in the preceding phase, but with a certain level of feeding amount (to about 120h TAH); 6) accelerated larval growth and effective feeding and swimming based only on exogenous food (to about 150h TAH); and 7) the same mode as in the preceding phase with accelerated increase of feeding amount (beyond 150h TAH). Differences in developmental mode were observed in T-85 and T-86A trials, but it could not be ascertained in this particular study which of the environmental factors played the greatest influence. The results of T-86A and B showed that the larvae, in order to survive, have to get over two obstacles on feeding, that is, to start feeding and to change from endogenous to exogenous feeding suitably.View full abstractDownload PDF (1371K) -
Hiroshi Shinomiya, Hideo Tameishi1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1093-1099
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe method to discriminate and predict the formation of fishing grounds of saury by quantifying the two conditions of “to be within a favourable temperature zone” and “to be close to the southbound stream of the Oyashio or the SST (Sea Sarface Temperature) boundaries” through the use of satellite imageries was studied. The discriminant variables were obtained by dividing the spatial and the temporal SST gradients of a sample mesh and the proximity to a current path of the Oyashio or a SST boundary, respectively, by the deviation of the present SST from the favourble water temperature.
The materials are the Satellite-aided Fishery and Oceanographic Condition Chart and others issued by JAFIC covering the recent four years. The areas of water considered in this study were the sea off Hokkaido and the sea off Sanriku. On meshes sampled from the sea areas, data of variables were obtained and subjected to discriminant analysis.
With the discriminant equation thus obtained, plus sign of composite variable of a mesh discriminates and indicates that a fishing ground for saury is formed in the sea area represented by the mesh. The mean correct discrimination rate reached 92% and proved its usefulness.View full abstractDownload PDF (1198K) -
Eijiro Kawahara, Riichi Kusuda1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1101-1105
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fate of Pasteurella piscicida antigens in yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata delivered by immersion exposure to formalin-killed cells, sonicated cells and crude lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was studied. The tissue location of the antigen was determined histologically using the fluorescent antibody technique. The fate of these antigens showed almost the same pattern. After exposure, antigens were detected in the skin from 0 to 60 min, in the gills and stomach from 0 to 12 h, in the intestine from 30 min to 3 d, in the heart from 60 min to 6 h and in the liver, spleen and kidney from 6 h to 24 h. After immersion in crude LPS, phagocytic cells containing P. piscicida antigen were observed in the heart wall and lamina propria of the intestine. The results suggested that the main antigen uptake sites occurred in the gills of the fish and the antigen subsequently entered the systemic circulatory system. It was also suggested crude LPS activated the phagocytic cells in the heart and intestine.View full abstractDownload PDF (900K) -
Katsunori Tachihara, Seirô Kimura1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1107-1113
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study on the life history of land-locked ayu Plecoglossus altivelis was made in Lake Ikeda, Kagoshima Prefecture, from 1981 to 1986.
Like amphidromous ayu, the life span of the land-locked fish in this lake is usually only one year and most of them die after spawning in autumn. However, a few individuals of land-locked ayu passing over the second winter are found in the lake.
The specimens counting 7, 810 of ayu in the lake were collected during this study and 73 of them were thought to be the over-wintered ones, because they had a conspicuous spawning mark on the embeded part of their scales. None of 0+ fish had any such scales. The amounts of fat tissue around viscera of mature ayu decreased in the spawning season from early October to late Novermber. Also, the condition factor of ayu caught in November showed very wide range from 0.6 to 1.7. The fish whose condition factor was less than 0.9 had exteremely shrunk stomach without any food, whereas the fish of more than 1.3 in condition factor had normal stomach containing a small amounts of diatoms and blue-green algae. All specimens of 1+ fish, which were collected after December, had recovered their fat tissue and begun to grow again. Thus, it is suggested that the survival of ayu after spawning season depends on the degree of stomach shrinkage and adequate intake of food. Some of them grew 150mm in standard length or more by the next autumn.
The specimens of mature 1+ fish which were caught at a spawning ground in October suggests that some of the over-wintered ayu in the lake are able to attain maturity in second spawning season.View full abstractDownload PDF (1898K) -
Shin-ichi Teshima, Akio Kanazawa, Shunsuke Koshio, Koji Horinouchi1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1115-1122
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper presents the effects of destalking on the ovarian maturation and lipid compositions of the prawn Penaeus japonicus. The bilateral extirpation of eyestalks induced the ovarian maturation and increased the ovarian lipids with a concomitant decrease in the hepatopancreatic lipids. The increase in ovarian lipids was ascribed mainly to that in triglycerides (TG), phosphatidylethanol-amine, and phosphatidylcholine (PC), whereas the decrease in hepatopancreatic lipids was due mainly to that in TG and PC. These results suggest the transfer of body lipid reserves, particularly hepatopancreatic lipids, to the developing ovaries during the induced ovarian maturation of the prawn. The ovarian lipids, especially neutral lipids, of destalked prawns contained higher propor-tions of monoenes such as 16: 1 and 18: 1, and 22: 6ω3 and lower proportions of 20: 4ω6 and 20:5ω3 than those of non-destalked prawns.View full abstractDownload PDF (1509K) -
Shin-ichi Teshima, Akio Kanazawa, Koji Horinouchi, Shunsuke Koshio1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1123-1129
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDouble tracer experiment using radioactive fatty acids was conducted in order to verify the transfer of lipid reserves to the ovaries during the ovarian maturation of the prawn Penaeus japonicus. The prawns were fed with a diet containing both palmitic acid (16:0)-3H and linolenic acid (18:3ω3)-14C, held for 1 day, and then maintained for 5 days with and without destalking. One day after feeding of the diet, both lipids-3H and lipids-14C were mainly distributed in the hepatopancreas as phosphatidylcholines (PC) and free fatty acids (FA) and in the muscle as PC. Bilateral destalk-ing resulted in the induction of ovarian maturation and also the increase in ovarian radioactive triglycerides (TG) and PC with a concomitant decrease in hepatopancreatic radioactive TG and PC. Thus, the destalking enhanced a transfer of body lipid reserves, particularly hepatopancreatic lipids, to the ovaries which accumulated TG and PC as the major lipid classes. From the 3H/14C ratios of ovarian PC and TG, it is likely that the major ovarian PC accumulated during the induced ovarian maturation are rich in ω3-fatty acids, possibly 18:30, 20:5ω3, 22:6ω3, etc., rather than 16:0 and its metabolites, whereas the major ovarian TG consist of 16:0 and its metabolites rather than ω3-fatty acids as acyl groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (2989K) -
Kohei Kihara, Allen M. Shimada1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1131-1135
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of water temperatures on prey-predator interaction of walleye pollock was ex-amined in the eastern Bering Sea during summers from 1979 to 1984. Walleye pollock was parti-tioned into 18 categories by sex and body lengths.
The common occurrence of Greenland turbot, arrowtooth flounder, Pacific halibut, flathead sole, large Pacific cod, thorny sculpin, spinyhead sculpin, and pollock (female<56cm) which are major predators of walleye pollock with several size classes of walleye pollock was found to have a significant relationship to bottom water temperature.
This study has suggested that bottom water temperature promotes species overlap which ac- celerates and changes predation and competition between predator and prey populations of walleye pollock.View full abstractDownload PDF (379K) -
Yasuhiro Morioka, Chikara Kitajima, Gosuke Hayashida1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1137-1141
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxygen consumption of the swimming crab reared in the land tank was measured by Winkler method during zoean, megalopa and early crab stages. The crab achieved a constant growth of 36% of its body weight a day. Weight specific respiration decreased with age ranging 3.3-11.0ul O2/mg dry weight/hr at 23°C and 3.7-18.2 at 27°C. Relatively higher rates were observed at the stages of 3rd and 4th zoea and megalopa. These are likely related to a higher mortality during those stages in mass-culture of larva. Food requirement in the state between routine metabolism and active metabolism was calculated from the respiration rate and growth rate under a few physiologi-cal assumptions. The crab requires food amounting to 79-108% of its body weight a day in zoean stages and 60-64% in early crab stages on the basis of carbon. Gross growth efficiency, K1, increased with age ranging from 33 to 60%, saving energy expenditure for respiration and depositing food energy in its body tissue more effectively with development.View full abstractDownload PDF (335K) -
Kazuo Tabata, Shigeaki Gorie1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1143-1147
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe growth of gynogenetic diploids was compared with that of control diploids of hirame Paralichthys olivaceus by rearing in the same tank from larval to young stage. Idh-l isozyme was used as genetic marker to distinguish each group in the mixed population.
The average body weight of gynogenetic diploids was significantly lower than control diploids, It was assumed that the differences of growth observed in this experiment were caused by endog-enous factor because both groups were exposed to the same environmental conditions.
It is an interesting fact from the point of view of breeding that the coefficient of variations of body weight in gynogenetic diploids were larger than control diploids.View full abstractDownload PDF (1138K) -
Jiro Kittaka, Eishi Ikegami1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1149-1154
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe first complete phyllosoma culture of Palinurus elephas was accomplished in the laboratory following the successful culture of Jasus lalandii and a hybrid of Jasus. Egg-bearing females were usually found in tanks in October and November, and hatching occurred in the following spring. About 3, 000 stage I phyllosoma were cultured at 17-19°C, being fed with nauplii of Artemia at the intial stages and Mytilus edulis at advanced stages. The phyllosoma advanced to stage IV after 41 days from hatching. An individual was estimated to molt another four times to reach the final phyllosoma stage. Metamorphosis into the puerulus stage occurred 132 days after hatching. The large size at hatching and the short time to metamorphosis are characteristic of the phyllosoma of this species. The behaviour of the Palinurus elephas puerulus was significantly different to that of Jasus spp.; Palinurus elephas stretched the five pairs of pereiopods wide during swimming and also while on the bottom.View full abstractDownload PDF (1216K) -
Shigeru Fuwa, Osamu Sato, Katsuaki Nashimoto, Nobio Higo1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1155-1159
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe ground rope of drag net has the function of ke ping the net in contact with the sea bottom and herding fishes to the entrance of the bag net. The authors paid attention to fish reaction to ground rope and considered a fish herding model for the ground rope Theoretical probablility of fishes entering a funnel of bag net was calculated, and fishing efficiency of supposed four types of ground rope were compared.
The movement of fish can be described as zigzag relative to ground rope. Thinking of a fish herding model of ground rope using plice (body length 30cm), authors considered the assumptions written below;
(1) Fishes were distributed on the sea bottom uniformly and remain settled there until coming in contact with the advancing ground rope.
(2) When fishes came in contact with the ground rope, they swam inside, in a direction normal to the ground rope. They swam 10 body lengths in 2 seconds, and settled there until coming in contact with the ground rope again.
(3) When fishes came in contact with the ground rope, probability p(0⟨p⟨1) of fishes were not herded and went outside of the ground rope.
(4) All of the fishes were distributed in front of the bosom, and fishes which were herded to the area in front of the bosom entered the funnel of the bag net without escaping.
Supposed four types of ground rope; triangle, trapezoid, catenary and half ellips were compared using relative herding ratios of ground rope. The catenary type showed the highest fishing efficiency under ordinary towing conditions.View full abstractDownload PDF (314K) -
Seishi Kimura, Takaharu Okazawa, Koichiro Mori1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1161-1166
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEmbryonic, larval and juvenile development of the tidepool gunnel Pholis nebulosa were described based on a series of laboratory-reared specimens. The eggs were demersal, almost spherical in shape, measuring 1.70-2.18mm in diameter, and with a large oil globule and several small ones. Neighboring eggs adhered to each other to form a spherical egg mass. Hatching occurred between 25 and 35 days after spawning at a water temperature of 11.5-13.5°C. Newly hatched larvae measured 8.3-11.6mm TL, and possessed 85-88 myomeres. Absorption of the yolk was completed at about 11.5mm TL. Flexion of the notochord started and finished at about 15mm and about 25mm TL, respectively. Aggregate numbers of all fin rays were com-pleted at over 27mm TL, when the larvae reached the juvenile stage. Squamation started in juveniles over 30mm TL.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
Mamoru Murata1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1167-1174
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe flying behavior of neon flying squid was observed at 8 different locations in the subtropical region between long. 160°E and 172°W along lat. 37°N (surface temperature: 17-24°C), on board the R/V Omi-Maru in the period from July to August, 1984. Roughly 10-300 squids (estimated mantle length: 14-18cm) flew a distance of 10-20m at a height of 1-2 m above the sea surface in the same direction both by day and by night. The form of squid in flight closely resembled that of purpleback flying squid. Judging from these results, it is beleived that the smaller individuals under about 18cm in mantle length of neon flying squid live mainly near the surface of the sea, by day and night, and that they have a gliding-type flying behavior like flying fish, mainly to escape from their enemies.View full abstractDownload PDF (569K) -
Shinya Ishio, Takashi Nishimoto, Hisaki Nakagawa1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1175-1181
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to isolate dinoflagellate growth inhibitor (DGI) which was indicated to distributes broadly in the sediments of Ariake and Hakata Bays, the acetone extract was prepared form the sediment of the most eutrophicated point in Hakata Bay. The extract was separated into two fractions of tar and sulfur. The tar was fractionated into nine fractions by TLC and the sulfur into ether solubles and insolubles. The mortal effects of these fractionated compounds were checked by bioassay employing five species of dinoflagellates. Among nine fractions, the fifth fraction showed the lowest lethal concentrations to be 2 and 8ppm for Peridinium trochoideum and Peridinium sp., the sixth fraction to be 1ppm for Gymnodinium breve and the third fraction to be 0.25 and 0.03ppm for Gymnodinium nagasakiense and Heterocapsa triquetra, respectively. In order to know the distribution of DGI in these nine fractions, quotients were obtained by divid-ing their yields with their lowest lethal concentrations for every species of dinoflagellates used and expressed as percentage to that of the original acetone extract applied. DGI was revealed to be most abundant in the fifth fraction. Then, DGI was isolated from the fifth fraction. The fifth fraction was purified by subjecting it to columnchromatography. Then, DGI was isolated. Thes DGI killed Chattonella antiqua at 0.0625ppm, Chattonella marina at 0.5ppm, Gymnodinium breve at 0.25ppm, Gymnodinium nagasakiense at I ppm, and Peridinum trochoideum at 0.25 ppm. These results together with the distribution of DGI in the sediments as shown in the previous paper tell us that DGI might control the emergence of phytoflagellate red tides in Ariake Bay.View full abstractDownload PDF (582K) -
Atsushi Obatake, Eiji Okaya, Yoshiaki Itoh1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1183-1187
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn a previous paper it was observed that the high peak of an unidentified substance appeared just before taurine peak on the chromatogram of amino acid analysis from dark muscle of fishes. After hydrolyzing the dark muscle extracts of common mackerel Scomber japonicus, this peak almost disappeared and a new peak was observed in an earlier position on the chromatogram. The peak was not considered to be that of a peptide because other amino compounds were produced only in trace amounts after the hydrolysis, except glycine which was produced from nucleotide and its relat-ed compounds such as inosinic acid in the muscle extracts. Because crystallization could not be performed successfully before the hydrolysis, the substance was isolated from the hydrolyzed dark muscle extracts by the 2-step column chromatography using AG 50 W×8 (H+ form, 200-400 mesh, 2.6×40cm column) and AG 2×8(OH- form, 20-50 mesh, 2.6×40cm column). The molecular weight of the isolated compound was estimated to be 169 from the results of ultimate analysis and 13C-NMR spectra. An IR spectrum indicated peak characteristics of -COOH, -NH2 and -SO3H at 1750cm-1, 1600cm-1 and 1230cm-1, respectively. From these results, the isolated compound was identified as cysteic acid. It was assumed from the chromatographic behaviour of the substance before and after the hydrolysis that cysteic acid-related compound existed in the dark muscle of fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
Kazuaki Saheki, Tsutomu Kawanishi1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1189-1194
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA survey was conducted on the contamination of fish meals with Salmonella in Japan. Samples belonging to the so-called coastal fish meals were collected mostly at three fish meal factories located in Choshi, Chiba Prefecture. Samplings were conducted on once a month bases from October, 1981 to December, 1982. The results obtained can be summarized as follows: 1) Twenty six samples out of 112 were positive qualitatively, and MPN of Salmonella in 17 samples except 9 samples ranged from 2 to 170 cells/100g, 2) Total viable counts in these Salmonella posi-tive samples ranged from 1.3×103 to 1.4×108 cells/g, those of coli forms, from 0 to 6.7×105 cells/g, and those of fungi, from 0 to 2.7×105 cells/g, respectively. 3) Out of the 416 Salmonella isolates, 354 isolates were identified as 10 serovars, including S. cerro (21%), S. senftenberg (H2S negative) (15%) S. anatum (15%) and S. havana (12%) etc., however, 62 isolates were not identified. 4) It was found that the contamination of Salmonella in fish meals; mainly, occurred after the preparation, especially during and after cooling step of the production. The results mentioned above strongly indicate the necessity for promoting appropriate sanitary control in the production of coastal fish meals in Japan.View full abstractDownload PDF (419K) -
Isao Sugahara, Toshio Kimura, Koichiro Hayashi, Takeshi Tahara1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1195-1198
Published: 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBacterial flora in the mackerel muscle homogenates during storage at different temperatures was investigated, and an attempt to apply lytic enzyme as a food preservative was made.
Pseudomonas (32.3%), Vibrio (26.3%) and Corynebacterium (12.1%) predominated in the mackerel muscle homogenate. The number of bacteria in the mackerel homogenate stored at 20C° increased rapidly and reached a maximum value of about 109 cfu/g (wet weight) of muscle after 12h. Strains belonging to the genus Vibrio were the only bacteria isolated from the mackerel homogenate stored at 20C° for 12 h.
The bacterial population in the mackerel homogenate did not increase during storage at 0C° for 3 days or at -20C° for 60 days. Pseudomonas (41.5%) was the most dominant genus at 0C° after 24 h storage, while Moraxella (38.8%) and Pseudomonas (30.0%) predominated at -20C° after 60 days storage.
The bacterial number in the mackerel homogenate gradually increased at 20C° after a lag phase of about 6h upon addition of lytic enzyme. Lytic enzyme produced by Bacillus sp. V 37 seems to suppress bacterial growth at 20C° for at least 12h. However, the preservative effect of lytic enzyme retarded after 24h storage at 20C°.View full abstractDownload PDF (309K) -
Takaaki Shirai, Katsumi Yamaguchi, Shoji Konosu, Shinya Fuke1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1199-1207
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSContents of nucleotides and related compounds, TMAO, TMA, and glycinebetaine in the 80% ethanol extracts from the raw and heated muscles of salmon were measured and compared. Per-chloric acid extracts were also used for the measurement of nucleotides and related compounds.
IMP, inosine, hypoxanthine, and TMAO were dominant in the raw muscle. Glycinebetaine was detected in relatively large amounts in several samples. TMAO was found in larger amounts in the caudal muscle. After heating the muscle, small amounts of IMP and TMAO were decre-ased, forming almost equivalent amounts of inosine+hypoxanthine and TMA, respectively. The total nitrogens of the compounds analyzed for each sample accounted for more than 90% of the extractive nitrogen in this series of studies.View full abstractDownload PDF (1919K) -
Sinki Furusho, Yuji Umezaki, Koichi Ishida, Akira Honda1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1209-1212
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the levels of ATP-related compounds and lactic acid in the muscle of live prawn Penaeus japonicus kept in the sawdust at 15C° were investigated to find an index suitable for evalua-tion of parwn activity during the transportation in the sawdust.
The concentration of ATP in the muscle markedly decreased after storage of 48h, resulting in a rapid increase in the AMP level. The level of lactic acid in the muscle also gradually increased during storage in the sawdust. The ratio of ATP to the ATP-related compounds (the total nu-cleotides) in the muscle which colsely related with the survival rate of prawn was found to be sui-table as a criterion to evaluate the activity of prawn during transportation in the sawdust.
The levels of the ATP-related compounds in the muscle of prawn kept in the sawdust recovered to their original levels within 1h after they were returned to the sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (252K) -
Kenji Okoshi, Tadashi Nomura, Masafumi Ishikawa1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1213-1219
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSimultaneous determination of elements in soft tissues of the Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas was carried out. The recently developed method of PIXE was used in this study. The elements determined repeatedly during the experimental period were Cl, S, K, Zn, Ca, Fe, Br, Cu, Sr, Mn, Ni, Se, Ga, Cr and Ti. These can be classified into five groups in the order of elemental quantity. Localities of several elements, such as K, Ca, Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn among five different tissues such as mantle, gill, digestive diverticula, adductor muscle and remainders were compared in three physiological stages of the oyster. The element K showed no significant difference in five kinds of tissue. A typical accumulation was found for Ca in the mantle. A typical pattern was also observed for Mn in the remainders. The patterns were quite similar for Fe, Cu and Zn. The con-centration of Mn, Fe, Cu and Zn in the remainders seems to be decreased as a result of an increase in the remainders weight, while the diminution was not observed for K and Ca. These results sug-gest that the high accumulation occurs as a result of characteristic affinities of elements with specific tissues and organs due to the physiological activity of the oyster, especially for certain stages, concerning glycogen stores and sexual maturation.View full abstractDownload PDF (439K) -
Keiko Yoshioka, Manabu Kitamikado1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1221-1225
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method for differentiation between fresh and freeze-thawed fillets was tested by the use of a trace amount of blood and dark muscle collected from the fillets. The differentiation was accom-plished according to whether intact erythrocytes were recognized or not in the blood and dark muscle.
A large number of fresh, refrigerated, and freeze-thawed fillet samples were prepared from red sea bream and Pacific mackerel. A 20 μl or less volume of blood was withdrawn with a capillary tube from the ventral or dorsal aorta of the samples, smeared on a slide glass, dried, and examined microscopically for the presence of intact erythrocytes after staining with Giemsa solu-tion. Besides, a samll amount of surface dark muscle was taken from the samples, smeared on a slide glass, and examined similarly. As the results, intact erythrocytes were recognized in the blood and dark muscles collected from fresh and refrigerated samples but not in those from any freeze-thawed samples. All erythrocytes were destroyed in the freeze-thawed samples.
Commercial fillets of flat fish, hair tail, and red horse head and flesh block of tuna were obtained from the market. In the case of these samples, it was also successful to differentiate fresh fillet and fresh block from freeze-thawed by this method.View full abstractDownload PDF (1232K) -
Shin-ichiro Nishimoto, Akihiko Hashimoto, Nobuo Seki, Ken-ichi Arai1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1227-1235
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSurimi of Alaska pollack was mixed with mince of chum salmon at various weight ratios. The surimi, mince, and their mixture were ground with 2.5% NaCl to make the salted meat paste and incubated at 25°C or 40°C to induce the setting (SUWARI), respectively. Changes in gel texture (breaking strength and breaking strain) and in protein subunits composition in the gel during incu-bation were investigated.
Increase in breaking strength of the paste from Alaska pollack occurred readily accompanying with the formation of cross-linked myosin heavy chain ((HC)n). However, the paste from chum salmon hardly increased breaking strength and (HC)n. In the case of mixed paste of two different fishes, the increase of breaking strength and the formation of (HC)n were proceeded in a intermediate rate and extent between those of individual paste.
These results indicated that there is no factor of accerelating the reactions of cross-linking of HC and of gel fomation in the paste of Alaska pollack or of inhibiting the same reactions in the paste of chum salmon.View full abstractDownload PDF (643K) -
Yoshiaki Akahane, Yutaka Shimizu1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1237-1241
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe existing state of water in kamaboko was investigated by expressing, absorbing, and thermo-gravimetric methods. Kamaboko specimens were pressed between filter papers at 50kg/cm2. Two break points were found on the curve, which represents the relation between the amount of the expressible water and the expressing time. The result indicates that the existing state of water in kamaboko can be classified into three categories, types Ip, IIp and IIIp. The type Ip water was sque-ezed out rapidly, the type IIp water slowly, and the type IIIp water hardly. Amounts of types Ip, IIp and IIIp water coincided roughly with those of It, IIt and IIIt classified by thermogravimetry.
On the other hand, kamaboko specimens sandwiched between absorbing papers were vacuum-packed. One break point was found in the curve, which represents the relation between the amount of the absorbable water and abosorbing time. Water in kamaboko was classified in two states, the type Ia absorbed to the paper easily and the IIa absorbed hardly. The amount of Ia was approxi-mated with that of Ip, and that of IIa with that of IIp plus IIIp. The relative amounts of the Ip, IIp and IIIp on the dry base were measured for the three kinds of kamaboko differing the in amount of added water.
The amounts of IIp plus IIIp of all kamaboko tested, were mostly the same. In contrast, the amount of Ip increased markedly with an increase in that of the added water. The type Ip, pro-bably regarded as “bulk phase water”, was thus considered to largely contribute to the texture or wateriness of kamaboko.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Kenji Hara, Atsushi Suzumatsu, Tadashi Ishihara1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1243-1252
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCathepsin B [EC 3.4.22.1] was purified from carp Cyprinus carpio muscle by ammonium sulfate fractionation at pH 3.0, CM-cellulose chromatography, gel-filtration on Ultrogel AcA54, and DEAE-Sephacel chromatography. The purified enzyme gave a single protein band on polyacryl-amide gel electrophoresis, and its molecular weight was estimated to be 29, 000 by gel-filtration and sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The activity of the enzyme was maximal at pH 6.0 with benzoyl-DL-Arg β-naphthylamide as a substrate. The enzyme required a thiol compound (cysteine, dithiotheritol or glutathione) and a metalchelating reagent (EDTA, EGTA or citric acid) for the activation, but was inhibited by 2-mercaptoethanol even in the presence of both cysteine and EDTA. The enzyme was also inhibited by E-64, leupeptin, antipain, Hg2+, Cd2+, Cu2+ and Zn2+. These properties except the inhibition by 2-mercaptoethanol were similar to those of cathepsin B from other sources. The enzyme hydrolyzed various neuropeptides such as Leu-enkephalin, β-neoendorphin and α-neoendorphin. It appeared to act on these peptides mainly as a dipeptidylcarboxypeptidase, although not so rigorously. Besides, the enzyme hydrolyzed myosin heavy chain, actin, and troponin-T of carp muscle, but did not hydrolyze tropomyosin and troponin-C.View full abstractDownload PDF (2431K) -
Hiroshi Nakano, Soichiro Shirahata, Kazuo Yabe, Yasuko Ogawa, Yasuzo I ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1253
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (86K) -
Tadahiko Kajiwara, Akikazu Hatanaka, Taichiro Fujimura, Tetsuo Kawai, ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1255
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1232K) -
Yuzuru Suzuki1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1257
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (95K) -
Haruo Honda1988 Volume 54 Issue 7 Pages 1259
Published: July 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (90K)
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