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Volume 54, Issue 9
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Keisuke Yamano, Etsuro Yamaha, Fumio Yamazaki1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1477-1481
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTriploidization of hybrids between female pink salmon Oncorhynchus gorbuscha and male Japanese char Salvelinus leucomaenis was performed by treating fertilized eggs with hydrostatic pressure. The embryos were confirmed to be allotriploids comprising two sets of maternally derived genome and one set of paternally derived genome by observations of chromosomes and measurement of erythrocytes. No diploid hybrid developed beyond the eyed stage, while 62.5% of triploid hybrids reached the eyed stage and 26.1% hatched out. This evidence showed an increased viability of hybrids by artificial allotriploidization. From the present and previous results on viabilities of allotriploids, it is estimated that an influence of paternally derived genome has an essential role for ruling survival potentials of triploid hybrids.View full abstractDownload PDF (1106K) -
Nobuhiko Taniguchi, Shingo Seki, Junji Fukai, Akihiro Kijima1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1483-1491
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe induction of gynogenetic diploid by suppression of first cell clevage (abbreviated as the mitotic-G2N for its point of suppressing cell clevage) is considered to be more effective in producing a complete homozygous diploid than the induction of gynogenetic diploid by retention of 2nd meiosis (abbreviated as the meiotic-G2N for its point of retaining 2nd polar body), if we intend to fix and establish a pure line of fish seeds for aquaculture. As it was difficult to induce the mitotic-G2N by cold shock in ayu, the hydrostatic pressure shock which seems to be more promising was applied to find the best condition to suppress the first cell clevage as well as to retain the 2nd polar body of fertilized eggs. Three factors, pressure level, shock duration and starting time of application were examined. The least pressure level and duration required to induce the meiotic-G2N were 500-600 kg/cm2 for 6min and 600-700 kg/cm2 for 6min to induce the mitotic-G2N. The induction of these two types of gynogenetic diploids were verified by an isozyme genetic marker, i.e. Gpi-1 which showed almost 100% heterozygosity in the meiotic-G2N, and complete homozygosity in the mitotic-G2N.View full abstractDownload PDF (1248K) -
Gang Xu, Takafumi Arimoto, Makoto Inoue1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1493-1497
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (360K) -
Hideaki Kimoto, Setuhisa Hiyama, Yoshinobu Kamijo, Yasuaki Arie1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1499-1504
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDOIRAP by Doi is a quick stock analysis method, based on a hypothesis of constant recruit-ment. Therefore, this method is applied to a rather limited area because no consideration is given to reproductive mechanism.
The authors have developed a mathematical stock analysis model (KAFS85.6-Kinetic Analysis of Fisheries System, 1986, No.6-), incorporating a reproductive mechanism, which has no such fault as above and is more realistic than the DOIRAP.
In this report, the algorithms of this model were elucidated and its use was illustrated for Japanese flounder in the Suõ-Nada of the Western Seto Inland Sea.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Hossein Razani, Isao Hanyu, Katsumi Aida1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1505-1511
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOvaries of yearling female goldfish (comet variety) Carassius auratus exhibited little change under natural condition of summer. Gonadal maturation commenced from September and con-tinued till December. After an interruption in winter, it proceeded rapidly in March to culminate in spawning within a month. However, some fish remained immature.
When transferred to 24°C/16L in summer, most females remained immature, but some matured and spawned after the transfer in later seasons. Females were suppressed after transfer to 24°C/12L in summer, autumn, and early winter, while some fish matured and spawned in late winter and spring. After transfer to 16°C in summer and autumn, however, most females matured to advanced stages regardless of photoperiod and some spawned in mid-winter.
Plasma E2 level was high when the fish was maturing but low when the fish was immature. Plasma GtH levels were more dependent on the water temperature than on the gonadal maturation.View full abstractDownload PDF (477K) -
Hossein Razani, Isao Hanyu, Katsumi Aida1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1513-1520
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSUnder natural condition, yearling male goldfish Carassius auratus started regression by late July and completed in August. Then gonadal development commenced and proceeded to milting by October. Spermatogenesis was arrested in winter. However, milting fish appeared again in March.
When transferred to 24°C, the male fish matured within a short period at both 12L and 16L in off breeding seasons. However, the minimum time needed for reaching milting was shorter at 16L than at 12L. On both regimes, the spawning stage did not last long but passed to the post-spawning stage. Conversely, males matured and stayed in milting condition at 16°C regardless of photoperiod. The speed of maturation was slower at 16°C than at 24°C regimes.
Plasma testosterone levels were high when the fish was maturing or matured but low in immature fish. Plasma gonadotropin levels were more dependent on the water temperature than on the maturation stages. Plasma thyroxine levels did not show clear relationship to the testicular activity at both 16°C and 24°C regimes.View full abstractDownload PDF (177K) -
Riichi Kusuda, Mutsumi Itaoka, Kenji Kawai1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1521-1526
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVarious chemotherapeutics have been used for the treatment of diseased cultured yellowtail caused by Pasteurella piscicida. Recently however, an increased number of strains have shown resistance to some chemotherapeutics. This study determines the drug sensitivity of 307 strains of P. piscicida isolated from diseased cultured yellowtail collected from 1984 to 1985 in different prefectures in Japan.
The sensitivity of the P. piscicida strains to various chemotherapeutics was determined by conducting minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) usiag the agar dilution procedure of the Japanese Society of Chemotherapy. The MIC of the strains were determined after 48h incubation at 25°C.
The strains showed high sensitivity to ampicillin (ABPC) and oxolinic acid (OA) and were moderately sensitive to nalidixic acid (NA) and sodium nifurstyrenate (NFS-Na). Most of the strains were highly resistant to chloramphenicol (CP), thiampheniocol (TP), tetracycline (TC), chlortetracycline (CTC) and oxytetracycline (OTC) but showed low resistance to doxycycline (DOTC). In 1984, 49% of the strains showed resistance to ABPC, and 13% to OA and NA. On the other hand in 1985, 34% of the strains showed resistance to ABPC and 25% to OA and NA. The strains resistant to both ABPC and OA overlap each other insignificantly.View full abstractDownload PDF (410K) -
Iwao Takemaru, Riichi Kusuda1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1527-1531
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe in vitro antibacterial activity of josamycin (JM) was investigated in comparison with erythromycin (EM) and spiramycin (SPM). Minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of JM against Streptococcus sp. isolated in 1984 and 1986 from diseased fish in Ehime ranged from 0.10 to 0.39μg/ml. These values were higher than SPM but lower than EM. The antibacterial specfrom of JM was evaluated using various fish pathogenic bacteria: Streptococcus iniae, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Flexibacter maritimus, Pasteurella piscicida, Aeromonas salmonicida, Aeromonas hydrophila, Vibrio anguillarum, and Edwardsiella tarda. JM showed strong antibacterial activities to Gram-positive bacteria, but weak to Gram-negative bacteria. Development of resistance of Streptococcus sp. to the above macrolides was evaluated by broth subcultivation procedures and by cross resistance. The results showed a 4-fold increase in MIC value for JM and 8-fold for EM and SPM after 9 successive subcultivations. Acquired JM resistance was cross resistant to SPM, but not to EM.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Akira Hamano, Satoru Sanetoh, Soutaro Mizutani, Yoshio Sumikawa, Kazuy ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1533-1543
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of the ship motion and survey conditions, such as ship speed, wind direction, and wind speed, on volume back-scattering strength (SV value) was investigated by measuring echoes from an acoustically stable sea-bed. Using hull-mounted transducers, the examination was carried out by varying the speed of the vessel and the course of the vessel relative to the wind direction.
The multiple regression analysis was made, with SV values as a dependent variable and the motion of the vessel and conditions of survey as independent variables. The variation of SV values had a close relation to the speed of the vessel and the course of the vessel relative to the wind, which had considerable effect on the motion of the vessel. These factors affected SV values complexly.
It was concluded that the motion of the vessel induced an acoustic attenuation due to the bubbles caused by roll and pitch motions and to the beam swing caused by roll motion.
The multiple regression equations obtained will be also useful as a correction of SV value in echo surveys for estimating the abundance of fish stocks.View full abstractDownload PDF (685K) -
Hideaki Nakata, Toshiyuki Hirano1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1545-1552
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn this paper, we consider the effects of wind variations on the surface drift of red sea bream larvae azound Shijiki bay, a well-known nursery area of the red sea bream off the northwestern coast of Kyushu, on the basis of the results of the drift-card experiment carried out in a spawning ground adjacent to the bay during March-July in 1982. It is suggested that a large amount of larvae would be transported from this local spawning ground to Shijiki Bay, especially under windless conditions. However, prevailing southerly winds during the spawning period will enable the larvae originating from more southern major spawning grounds to reach Shijiki Bay within several days after spawning, which may contribute to the rapid increase of the larval abundance in the bay. Conversely, under prevailing northerly winds, the transport of eggs and larvae from both local and major spawning grounds cannot be expected.View full abstractDownload PDF (661K) -
Wind Effects on the Transport of Japanese Sand Eel Larvae in the Eastern Part of the Seto Inland SeaHideaki Nakata1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1553-1561
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of the wind-induced surface dritt on the larval transport of the Japanese sand eel Ammodytes personatus in the eastern part of the Seto Inland Sea are here discussed on the basis of the results of a drift-card experiment and an analysis of the historical-data on the distribution of the larval fish. The wind-induced changes on the recovery distribution of the drift-cards released from Shikano-se, one of the main spawning grounds located in the Sea of Harima, suggest that the prevailing wind, particularly its westerly component, affects the drift pattern of the sand eel larvae originating from this spawning ground. The strong westerly wind after the hatching of the larvae also contributed to the eastward transport of the larvae from the spawning ground in the Bisan-Seto to the Sea of Harima. The positive correlation between the strength of the westerly wind and the catch ratio of the O-age sand eels in the Sea of Harima suggests that the wind-induced eastward transport of the larval sand eels originating from the Bisan-Seto has a great influence on the subsequent abundance of the O-age fish in the Sea of Harima.View full abstractDownload PDF (714K) -
Ken-Ichi Hayashi, Yoshiharu Fujiwara1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1563-1565
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAsimple technique for obtaining the well-spread metaphase chromosomes from the regeneration blastema of a prawn is described. The removed regeneration blastema of Penaeus(Marsupenneus)japonicus was treated with a slightly modified air-drying method. The diploid number of chromosomes of this prawn was 86.View full abstractDownload PDF (1050K) -
Saibin Chen, Seiichi Watanabe, Kazunori Takagi1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1567-1572
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith special considerations of the senescence, the growth in fish population is analysed in relation to essential components of the life history, that is, ages at end of reproductive span and life span. Based on the biological characteristics of senescence, the growth model is given by a quadratic parabola equation,
G(t)=a0+a1(t-tM)+a2(t-tM)2
in t ?? tM, where G(t)is a growth measure at age t;tM, age at end of reproduotive span, i.e. age of intersection between two growth phases of stable and senescent; and a0, a1, and a2 are constants.
According to the growth continuity at age tM, constants a0, a1, and a2 can be expressed by the parameters k and t0 of von Bertalanffy's equation for stable growth phase (t ?? tM).
a0=1-e-k(tM-t0), a1=ke-k(tM-t0), a2=(-k2/2)e-k(tM-t0).
In the senescence, parameters about age can be expressed as follows:
Age at end of reproductive span: tM=(1/k)ln |1-ekt0|+t0,
Ecological life span: tλ=tM+1/k (A), and
Physiological life span: Tλ=tM+(1/k)[1+√2ek(tM-t0)-1] (B).
When the senescence finishes at tλ(type II), the life span may be estimated by equation (A), and when it does at Tλ (type II), the life span may be estimated by equation (B). In the case of type II, if t>tλ, the growth is instabilized, and sometimes the growth rate dG(t)/dt becomes minus.View full abstractDownload PDF (428K) -
Mamoru Murata, Yoshikazu Nakamura, Seigo Kubota, Toshio Hashiba, Hirot ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1573-1581
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to elucidate the stock structure and growth of neon flying squid, seasonal variations in dorsal mantle length, sex ratio, gonad weight and degree of sexual maturity of this species are presented here on the basis of the results of biological measurements of the samples taken by squid gillnetters during June and December in 1983-1985. The majority of the sampled squid were immature and not copulated females, while the proportion of males in number was only 2.4% in the 3-year average, and about half of the males were semi-mature (11%) or mature (36%). The principal modal mantle length in females shifted from 37cm level in June to 45cm level in September, then backed again to a smaller modal size within the range of 35-41cm in October-November. The ovary weights showed a general tendency to gradually increase between June and August, but this was followed by an abrupt decrease in September. Judging from these results, it is presumed that Japanese squid squid gillnetters mainly catch “extra-large sized” group of neon flying squid in June-September and “large sized” one in October-December, selectively out of four different size groups in the northern North Pacific.View full abstractDownload PDF (612K) -
Kazuya Taniguchi, Hitoshi Kito1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1583-1588
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe age composition was monitored for the two populations of Eisenia bicyctis delimited by two permanent quadrats, at Tomari-Hama in Oshika Peninsula, Miyagi Prefecture, from August 1983 to December 1986. The population density of the newly germinated plants was largely affected by the sea water temperature during the months from January to July; rate of recruitwent was conspicuously high at low water temperature but low at high temperature. The plants germinated at low water temperature retain dominant population. Yearly rates of extinction by grazing, withering or detachment were estimated to be 70% in the first year, 60% in the second year, 40 to 50% for 2-5 years old populations and 80% for 5-6 years old populations. The population density of newly germinated plants decreased more rapidly in the area with high density of adult plants than in the area with low adult density; it is probably due to the lower level of light intensity caused by the canopy of the adult plants. The E. bicyclis population are usually consisted of small groups of different ages. When the groups of old adult plants in the population are at relatively low density, the groups of younger plants survive well in its population. The population of Eisenia bicyclis is constructed from successively aged individuals, therefore, the populations are adequately stabilized.View full abstractDownload PDF (1151K) -
Masaji Matsuyama, Taisuke Hiramoto, Shizuo Iwata1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1589-1593
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurements of vertical thermal structure were made by using a thermister chain at the fishing ground of the Sagami-Bay head for a period from July 30 to September 2, 1986. The temperature sensors were suspended from 20m to 40m depths at 2m interval. The low frequency and tidal fluctuations, particularly semidiurnal period, were dominant in these records. The temperature decrease of 2.5-4.0 degrees was found in the low-pass filtered records in the middle of August and lasted about ten days. Such phenomena were observed near the bay mouth as well, and seem to be caused by the appearance of the low-temperature water mass through Oshima West Channel south of the Izu Peninsula. The tidal temperature fluctuations can be considered to be due to the internal tides and maximum range of the temperature variations at each depth reach 2.0-2.5 degrees for semidiurnal constituents.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Keiko Hatae, Teruo Nakayama, Yuka Matsui, Atsuko Shimada, Juichiro J. ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1595-1599
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rheological properties of fish muscles of five species were characterized in terms of the creep compliance. A slight increase of the strain with time was observed in all species even without any load applied. The size of the linear region, where the stress increases in proportion to the strain, decreased when the loading time was prolonged. After 300s loading, the largest strain value of the linear region for each fish was, 9.5% in channel rock fish, 9.0% in plaice, 8.6% in flying fish, 8.5% in common horse mackerel, and lower than 2% in skipjack, respectively.
On analysis of the creep compliance curves, a six-element model was found to represent each fish muscle, while three more elements, two ratchets and a spring, were needed to fit the creep recovery curves. The instantaneous modulus values of the creep compliance of flying fish and skipjack were larger than those of plaice and channel rock fish. Common horse mackerel gave an intermediate value. With the permanent viscosity modulus, plaice gave the largest value followed by flying fish, channel rock fish, common horse mackerel and then skipjack in a decreasing order.
These results appeared to differ from the series obtained on our eating experience. It was suggested that our mouthfeel about “firmness” is not based on the difference in the elastic modulus of the muscles but on the ease of biting which is related to the collagen content as proved in our previous report.View full abstractDownload PDF (326K) -
Toshiyasu Yamaguchi, Yoshio Sato, Masao Ito, Naohiro Moritani, Masahir ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1601-1605
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipid and fatty acid compositions of cultured and wild coho salmon were compared. Tri-glyceride (TG) was the main component of lipids in all the tissues investigated. TG contents of ordinary and dark muscles (ca. 90%) were higher than those of liver, gonad and viscera (50-70%). The main fatty acids of cultured fish were C16:0, C18:1, C20.3 and C22:6, while those of wild fish were C16:0, C18:1, C20:1, C22:1 and C22:6. The fatty acids such as C20:1 and C22:1 were higher in wild fish than in cultured fish. Monoenoic fatty acids were the main components of fatty acids in ordinary muscle, dark muscle, viscera, integument, head and bone, and testis. Polyenoic fatty acids were higher in liver and ovary than in the other tissues.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Shigeru Nakajima, Shoji Endoh, Yoshimi Kakuda, Takahide Tsuchiya, Juic ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1607-1610
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe nutritive values and effects of niboshi (Boiled and dried sardine) on body composition of rat were examined. Growth rates of rats fed niboshi diet were mostly the same as those fed casein diet. True digestibility of niboshi protein was lower than that of casein. The biological value of the protein was similar to that of casein. The level of total plasma cholesterol and the rate of body fat accumulation in rats fed the niboshi diet were lower than those fed the casein diet. niboshi was thus considered to be useful protein source and to control the accumulation of body fat.View full abstractDownload PDF (264K) -
Toshiaki Itami, Yukinori Takahashi, Takayoshi Okamoto, Kazushige Kubon ...1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1611-1617
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSImmunoglobulin(Ig)in the skin mucus of ayu was purified and some biochemical charac-teristics of the purified Ig were compared with those of the purified serum Ig of ayu.
Formalin-killed cells of Vibrio anguillarum emulsified with Freund's complete adjuvant was administered to ayu by intraperitoneal injection. Three weeks after immunization, the skinmucus was collected by scraping off the fish body surface with plastic blade. The serum was obtained from the blood taken by severing the caudal peduncle. The Igs in the skin mucus and the serum were purified separately by salting-out with 50% saturated ammonium sulfate, gel filtration on Sephacryl S-300 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAF-Toyopearl 650M.
The agglutinating antibody titers of the mucus and the serum were 1:16 and 1:64, respec-tively. Agglutinating activities of both Igs were observed in the fractions right after the void volume from the column of Sephacryl S-300. The Igs from the skin mucus and the serum were eluted at about 0.07M NaCl and at 0.05-0.09M NaCl, respectively, in the linear gradient of NaCl on DEAE-Toyopear1650M. After rechromatography on Sephacryl S-300, both purified Igs gave a single band at the same position on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. These purified Igs lost their agglutinating activities by 2-ME treatment and the molecular weights of these Igs were estimated to be about 900, 000 on gel filtration.
From these results, it was concluded that the Igs purified from both the skin mucus and the serum of immunized ayu are indistinguishable in biochemical characteristics, and that they are immunoglobulins of IgM type with high molecular weights.View full abstractDownload PDF (972K) -
Eiichi Nishide, Yoshinori Kinoshita, Hirosi Anzai, Naoyuki Uchida1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1619-1622
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe yields of hot-water extractable material (HWEM), water-soluble alginate (WSA) and alkali-soluble alginate (ASA) from six parts of Undaria pinnatifida were estimated. The M:G ratio of these individual alginates was determined and three kinds of uronic acid blocks were characterized.
The results obtained are as follows:
1) The contents of HWEM were varied irregularly from 4.7% at the apical part of midrib to 23.4% at the sporophyll.
2) The contents of WSA were varied irregularly from 1.4% at the apical part of midrib to 7.7% at the sporophyll.
3) The contents of ASA were varied also irregularly from 11.6% at the apical part of midrib as well as blade to 19.8% at the lower part of midrib.
4) The mannuronic acid contents in the WSA were higher in general than those in the ASA.
5) The M: G ratios of alginates from midrib were estimated to be 1.45 for the basal part, 1.48 for the middle part and 0.61 for the apical part. The values of M:G ratios of alginates and the amount of MM and GG blocks suggest that the growth of midrib may be most active between lower and middle parts of the U. pinnatifida body.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Hiroto Maeda, Akira Kawai1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1623-1634
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe condition of hydrogen sulfide production in bottom sediments was investigated in the mesotrophic Northern and eutrophic Southern Lake Biwa by using radioactive sulfa te (35SO42-) experiment. The concentration of total sulfides in the surface sediment was much higher in the Northern Lake than in the Southern Lake. This higher concentration of total sulfides in the Nor-them Lake was considered to be the result of the activity of sulfate reduction (20 nmol/cm3/day), which was five times higher than that in the Southern Lake. The activity of sulfate reduction by bacterla was not necessarily correlated with the number of sulfate reducing bacteria in Lake Biwa. Lower redox potential and higher concentration of organic acids were of greater advantage for sulfide production in the Northern Lake than in the Southern Lake. The organic acids which are utilized as the electron donor in sulfate reduction were butyrate and formate in this lake sedi-ment, and acetate present in hieh amount was not utilized.View full abstractDownload PDF (1482K) -
Nobuhiro Kanno, Minoru Sato, Yoshikazu Sato1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1635-1639
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSATP-sulfurylase purified from Porphyra yezoensis showed maximal activity at pH 8.2, and 37°C. It was shown that the actual substrate was Mg2+-ATP complex, and that ree-ATP was an inhibitor of the forward reaction. APS was a potent product inhibitor, competitive with respect to Mg2+-ATP and a mixed type inhibitor with respect to molybdate. The Km values for Mg2+-ATP, molyb-date, PPi, and APS were 0.67mM, 6.7mM, 33μM, and <1μM, respectively. Initial velocity studies showed that the mechanism of the molybdolysis reaction was a sequantial type. The molybdolysis reaction was inhibited by several nucleotides and anions of a sulfate analog, but was not affected by p-chloromercuribenzoate.View full abstractDownload PDF (365K) -
Haruo Sugita, Michikazu Fukumoto, Yoshiaki Deguchi1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1641-1645
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGoldfish Carassius auratus was reared, fed on pelleted diets, tubifex worms and/or dried daph-nia, and successively examined for microfloras of fecal pellets using six agar media. Aeromonas hydrophia and Bacteroides type A were predominant with bacterial densities ranging from 104 to 109 cells g-1 in almost all specimens of fish fed on eitheir the pelleted diets and tubifex worms, or the pelleted diets and dried daphnia, showing little diet dependency. Other bacterial components varied with the individuals, and it was suggested that a part of minor bacterial components were derived from the diets.
It was shown from the above results that the intestinal microflora of goldfish was not easily influenced by the diets used usually.View full abstractDownload PDF (411K) -
Morihiko Sakaguchi, Michiyo Murata, Toshiko Daikoku, Shigeru Arai1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1647-1652
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSGuppy (subadult) and eel (young and elver) were grown by feeding basal and taurine-supple-mented diets to investigate the effects of dietary taurine on taurine levels in whole body and some tissues. Guppy receiving the taurine-supplemented diet had higher taurine contents in both the whole body and muscle tissue than fish fed with the basal diet. Young eel reared on the supple-mented diet retained slightly higher taurine levels in the whole body and tissues tested. Taurine contents in the whole body of elver eel increased with an increase in dietary taurine level. For the elvers, taurine added at the different levels, had little effect on nonprotein nitrogen contents in the whole body.View full abstractDownload PDF (469K) -
Hiroki Nakagawa, Makio Asakawa, Noriyuki Enomoto1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1653-1658
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo obtain information about the characteristics offish mucus glycoproteins, glycopeptides were separated from the Pronase digests of the external mucous materials of 13 species of fishes and analyzed for their cazbohydrate components. The involvement of N-acetylgalactosamine in the carbohydrate-peptide linkage was also investigated. The carbohydrate compositions of the gly-copeptides were very diverse depending on fish species. Glycopeptides from butterfly ray, spiny rasp skate, slimy and finespotted flounder did not contain sialic acid, while those from the other fishes contained a large amount of this acidic sugar. The glycopeptide from butterfly ray was sulfated. A part of the N-acetylgalactosamine which was found in all the glycopeptides was in-volved in the carbohydrate-peptide linkage.View full abstractDownload PDF (420K) -
Fukami Kimio, Satoshi Ohara, Yuzaburo Ishida, Aldo A. Mariazzi1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1659-1663
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA MPN method was modified to determine the number of oligotrophic bacteria in fresh water. A series of MPN media were prepared with natural lake water by either autoclaving or filter-sterili-zation, and with diluted peptone solution (0.5mg/l) as a reference. Bacterial growth-positive test tubes were judged directly by epifluorescence microscopic counting. The bacterial counts using the medium of filter-sterilized in situ lake water was significantly higher than those obtained by autoclaved in situ lake water or peptone media. The difference in counting values between auto-claving and filter-sterilization was much larger when natural lake water media were prepared after several days' incubation under light condition. In this period, the organic carbon concentration (as COD, chemical oxygen demand) increased more than twice, mainly due to the excretion by phytoplnakton. These results suggest that naturally occurring dissolved organic matter, which was much suitable for the growth of autochthonous bacteria (oligotrophs) in the corresponding period, becomes one of the best media for counting the number of oligotrophic bacteria. Seasonal fluctua-tion of bacterial counts obtained by the present method showed a good correlation to that of chl. a, suggesting that the natural population of heterotrophic bacteria was influenced by phytoplankton through its excreted organic carbon.View full abstractDownload PDF (387K) -
Shinji Adachi, Kazuomi Ouchi, Keiji Hirose, Yoshitaka Nagahama1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1665
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1274K) -
Yuichi Sasayama, Fumihiko Mizutani, Nobuo Suzuki, Chitaru Oguro1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1667
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (97K) -
Yoichiro Hama, Takashi Nakamura1988 Volume 54 Issue 9 Pages 1669
Published: September 25, 1988
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (99K)
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