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Volume 55, Issue 5
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
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Shiro Ito, Masahiro Shibayama, Atsushi Kobayakawa, Yusaku Tani1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 757-763
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe spawning season of the sea urchin Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus in natural ground, Saga area in Japan starts from around December. In mass production of young sea urchin, the warmer season is then more desirable for the larvae culture. In order to collect the eggs three months earlier than natural spawning season, promotion of maturation and of spawning was conducted by regulating water temperature. The sea urchin which had experienced a period of rising temperature to 26°C, either naturally or artificially, could mature and spawn about 45 days after the temperature was again lowered to 15°C. Those cultured at constant temperature of 15°C from May did not mature and died in July. These experiments suggest that by means of the water temperature regulations, mass production of sea urchin can be commenced from October in the warmer season, the optimum period for culturing larvae. Using this method, the mass production of the sea urchin has been successfully conducted in our station since 1987.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Takashi Nakanishi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 765-768
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe oxygen consumption of Japanese bay scallop Pecten (Notovola) albicans in different sizes was determined at 9, 13, 18, 23 and 28°C. Closed system was used for 9°C and flow-through system was used for 13, 18, 23 and 28°C to measure oxygen consumption rate. The quantitative relationship of oxygen consumption rate to body mass was expressed by the formula: Y=aXb (Y is the oxygen consumption rate in ml of oxygen per hour per individual. X is the wet weight of soft part in g. The constant b varied with temperature and was 0.662 at 9°C, 0.525 at 13°C, 0.738 at 18°C and 0.757 at 23°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (216K) -
B. G. Loganathan, Shinsuke Tanabe, Ryo Tatsukawa, Kazuo Ogawa, Miyako ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 769-774
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOver 28, 000 fishes consisting of seven species collected during the period from 1968 to 1986 in the River Nagaragawa were examined for abnormalities and parasitic infestation. Skeletal anomalies, fin erosion, discoloration and parasitic infestation by a trematode Metagonimus sp. were observed in varying frequencies in different fish species during various years of sampling. Among the fishes examined, Zacco platypus seemed to be more vulnerable to skeletal anomalies manifesting many kinds of abnormalities such as vertebral curvature, shortened 2nd vertebra and bulged fin rays etc. and Tribolodon hakonensis was found to be more susceptible to parasitic infestation. Long-term study on the abnormalities and parasitic infestation exhibited relatively higher prevalence during the late 1960s and early 1970s, but decreasing pattern in the late 1970s and 1980s.View full abstractDownload PDF (854K) -
Hisahiko Watanabe1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 775-778
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method to estimate energy input for the manufacture of dried marine products is presented. In regard to drying fish processes, the data collected through field surveys on commercial scale equipment showed a relationship between the required energy per unit weight of dried product (dry matter) and the moisture content of the dried product. This relationship was used to estimate the energy requirement for drying fish processes. The energy requirement for catching the raw materials of each dried product was also estimated. Using census data on the production of dried marine products in Japan, the total energy requirement for the manufacture of individual item of dried products in 1980 was estimated. The grand total of energy requirement for dried marine products manufactured all over Japan was estimated to be 1.25×1013 kcal, which favorably agreed with an estimation given by an Input-Output analysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (288K) -
Hiroshi Kawatsu, Kengo Kondo, Kazushige Kubono1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 779-783
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHemostatic disorders in common carp induced by exposure to the herbicide molinate were investigated. Fish were exposed to molinate at 0.50ppm for 9 days in Experiment 1, and at 0.32ppm for 13 days in Experiment 2. Blood was collected from all specimens at various intervals, and activated partial thromboplastin times (APTT) and prothrombin times (PT) were determined. A prothrombin correction test was applied to the fish exposed to molinate, and the effect of menadione dimethylpyrimidinol bisulfite (MPB) in preventing the prolongation of clotting time was examined. The hemostatic disorders induced by exposing fish to molinate are summarized as follows: 1) Prolongations were observed in both APTT and PT after 6-7 days. Thereafter, the prolongation of PT became more pronounced than that of APTT. 2) The prolongation of PT was corrected by the addition of stored serum, suggesting that depleted coagulation factors exist in the serum. 3) Menadione was highly effective in preventing the prolongation of clotting times. These facts suggest that the hemostatic disorders resulted from a depletion of vitamin K-dependent factors.View full abstractDownload PDF (310K) -
Fuxiang Hu, Ko Matsuda, Atsushi Koike1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 785-790
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the performance of the midwater trawl net using a new net-mouth opening device made of canvas, their static and dynamic characteristics were compared to those of the otter type in a flume experiment. It was observed that the canvas type midwater trawl net was suited to low-speed towing because its relative mouth opening area to the total drag of gear was high at low-speed. On the other hand the otter type midwater trawl was suited to high-speed towing. Comparing both types of midwater trawl in the control performance of working depth by changing the current speed, the time required to control the working depth by the same floating or sinking distance for the canvas type was shorter than that for the otter type.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Kazuya Fukuda, Jun Kohbara, Ceng Zeng, Iwao Hidaka1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 791-797
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe feeding-stimulatory effects of extracts of the mantle muscle of squid Todarodes pacificus on the young yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata were studied by applying the extracts in starch pellets.
Pellets containing an extract of the muscle and those containing a synthesized chemical substitute were completely eaten within a short period. However, the stimulatory effectiveness of the natural extract and the synthetic mixture rapidly decreased with decreasing concentration and in both one-tenth dilution resulted in a marked diminution in the number of swallowed pellets.
Omission tests for the constituents of the synthetic mixture were performed by dividing them into five groups, A1) amino acids having a stimulatory effect on the taste receptors, A2) those ineffective for the taste receptors, B) betaine, N) nucleotides, and O) organic bases. Omission of A1 individually or together with other groups from the synthetic mixture resulted in a serious reudction in the feeding stimulant activity of the synthetic mixture. A1 showed a high feeding stimulant activity when applied individually. Omission of A2 did not yield any appreciable effect. Omission of N, B or 0, all of them were more or less effective for the taste receptors, also decreased the feeding stimulant activity of the synthetic mixture to a small extent. N was rarely accepted when applied individually, but when added to A1, enhanced the effectiveness of A1.View full abstractDownload PDF (620K) -
Bon Kimura, Yuzaburo Ishida1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 799-804
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo determine the bacterial factor necessary for the growth of Uroglena americana, a red tide Chrysophyceae in Lake Biwa, various extracts from cells of Escherichia coli were added to a temporary axenic culture of U. americana and effect on the algal growth was examined. Water extract of bacterial cells was ineffective to promote grwoth of U. americana, but chloroform/methanol extract supported good growth. After fractionation and purification of the extract, it was revealed that the active compound contained in the bacterial cells was phosphatidyl ethanolamine. Addition of highly purified commercial phosphatidyl ethanolamine resulted in an excellent growth of U. americana. This requirement was also fulfilled by the high purity natural phospholipids, indicating no specific requirement for phospholipids in U. americana. Phosphatidic acid supported good growth of U. americana but glycerophosphate (a precursor of phosphatidic acid) did not. Several glycerides and free fatty acids were not as nutritionally effective as phospholipids.View full abstractDownload PDF (1122K) -
Tze-Kuei Chiou, Takashi Matsui, Shoji Konosu1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 805-809
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proteolytic activities of aqueous extracts of mullet and Alaska pollack roes were surveyed and the hydrolyzing activities toward casein, hemoglobin, and L-Leu-p-nitroanilide (Leu-pNA) were detected in both extracts. But the activities of trypsin-like enzyme and carboxypeptidases A and B were not recognized. The detected activities were quite stable throughout the processing of dried mullet roe (Karasumi) and salted Alaska pollack roe (Tarako) except that the activity toward Leu- pNA decreased remarkably in Tarako. The effects of pH, temperature, and NaCl on those activities were also examined and the possible contribution of the proteolytic activities to the increase of free amino acids during the processing of both products was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Hajime Nishino, Mikio Tanaka, Matsuo Yasuda, Hiroshi Kubota, Hisako Na ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 811-815
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInternal pressure of fish sausage packed in plastic casing during retort sterilization was measur-ed with a pressure-measuring instrument equipped with a load cell pressure sensor which is one of strain gage types.
Retort sterilization was performed at 100 to 120°C. As soon as heating was started, the in-ternal pressure of fish sausage went up higher by 0.4 to 0.5kg/cm2 than the pressure inside the retort vessel. The pressure difference decreased to 0.1-0.2kg/cm2 after reaching to the highest pressure, and kept constant.
No correlation was found between the internal pressure and the meat adhesive strength to the inside of casing under the temperature condition of retort sterilization.View full abstractDownload PDF (800K) -
Md. Abul Hossain, Masayuki Furuichi, Yasuo Yone1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 817-821
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAttempts were made to improve the dietary value of rotifer fed on baker's yeast by direct feeding of microbial-treated lipid. The nontreated lipid (NTL) from mackerel waste juice was treated with Aspergillus terreus, and the treated lipid (TL), NTL and pollack liver oil (PLO) were emulsified with sea water and proteinous sediment from the waste juice. The emulsified lipids and yeast were fed to rotifers and the proximate and fatty acid compositions of the rotifers were determined. Furthermore, ayu larvae were reared with the rotifers fed on baker's yeast (BY) with or without TL or NTL, and their growth and survival rate were compared. The rotifers fed on the lipids showed similarly higher lipid content than the initial rotifer. However, the ω3 HUFA content of rotifer fed on TL (BY+TL rotifer) was higher than that of the rotifer fed on NTL (BY+NTL rotifer) and similar to rotifer fed on PLO (BY+PLO rotifer). The total body length of larvae reared with BY+NTL rotifer (BY+NTL group) was significantly inferior to that of BY+TL group at the end of the 25 days feeding trial.
The survival rates of BY+NTL group in feeding trial and handling tests were also lower than those of BY+TL group. The larvae reared with rotifer fed on BY only were the lowest of all the groups in the growth and survival rate.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Michiyo Murata, Morihiko Sakaguchi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 823-828
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe rapid accumulation of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) during heating the muscle (white muscle) of very fresh yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata was investigated. Heating the very fresh muscle containing high levels of ATP (6.3-7.6μmol/g) rapidly produced large amounts of IMP (3.8-7.7μmol/g). IMP thus accumulated in the heated muscle was identified by a combination of 5'-nucleotidase treatment and ion-exchange chromatography. Homogenization together with the heating stimulated the conversion of ATP to IMP. Inosine and hypoxanthine accumulated in little amounts when the muscle was heated. ATP added to a preheated muscle homogenate or dissolved in distilled water did not change to IMP. The addition of ATP to homogenates prepared from the relatively fresh muscle, which was stored for less than 4 days in ice, resulted in the accumulation of IMP. When the muscle was aged for more than 4 days, AMP production was more pronounced.View full abstractDownload PDF (514K) -
Effect of the Incubation Temperature on the Isolation of Aerobic Heterotrophic Bacteria from a RiverHaruo Sugita, Masanori Tamura, Yoshiaki Deguchi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 829-835
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSamples of the water and sediment were collected at midstream and downstream sites of the Tama River from January to December 1983, and incubated aerobically at 5, 10, 20, 30 and 37°C after plating onto 1/20 PYBGF and PYBGF agar plates. As a result, the maximum colony counts were obtained at 20°C of incubation temperature, and Gram-negative, achromogenic bacteria predominated in almost all samples throughout the year, irrespective of the incubation temperatures. However, suspected psychrophiles and mesophiles were isolated at the low incubation temperatures in the colder season and the higher temperatures in the warmer season, respectively. These results suggested that the samples from freshwater environments in the summer and winter seasons, should be incubated at 20°C, and the ambient temperature samples if the more diverse microflora including either psychrophiles or mesophiles is needed to be isolated.View full abstractDownload PDF (491K) -
Yoshio Onoue, Koji Nozawa1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 837-841
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOur efforts were made to clarify the cause of a food poisoning in which a person provoked numbness in the mouth by ingesting the short-necked clam Tapes japonica from Yamagawa Bay, Kagoshima Prefecture.
The toxic shellfish specimens which were collected from Yamagawa Bay were shucked and extracted with 80% ethanol acidified with acetic acid. After being defatted with chloroform, the aqueous extract was purified by chromatography on Bio-Gel P-2 and Bio-Rex 70. The toxins prepared were analyzed by cellulose acetate strip electrophoresis and thin-layer chromatography on silica gel. The results indicated that toxins contained protogonyautoxins (PXs) 1-4 as the major components, together with gonyautoxins (GTXs) 1-6 as the minor, on molar basis.
We thus came to a conclusion that the aforementioned poisoning was caused by the paralytic shellfish poisons (PSPs) accumulated in the short-necked clam.View full abstractDownload PDF (337K) -
Hideki Kishimura, Kenji Hayashi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 843-846
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe proteolytic activity of four species of starfishes, Asterias amurensis, Solaster borealis, Lysastrosoma anthosticta and Asterina pectinifera, was compared using their crude enzyme extracts.
All the starfishes examined showed high proteolytic activity in pyloric caeca, but very weak activity in the gonads and other organs. The activity level (units/mg) in pyloric caeca varied with species. The crude enzymes from A. amurensis, S. borealis, L. anthosticta and A. pectinifera showed the highest activity at around pH 9.0, 37°C; pH 9.0, 45°C; pH 8.0, 50°C and pH 7.5, 55°C, respectively. The enzymes in the crude extracts of these starfishes seemed to be very stable at the neutral pH. There was a tendency that the crude enzyme showing the highest activity at a relatively high temperature was comparatively thermostable.
At least as far as the tested A. amurensis, no difference in proteolytic activity in pyloric caeca was observed before and after spawning.View full abstractDownload PDF (281K) -
Tatsuo Morishita, Kazuaki Uno, Toshiyoshi Araki, Takashi Takahashi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 847-852
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatty acid compositions of lipids in specimens of cultured red sea bream from different localities and those caught in the wild were analyzed by gas-liquid chromatography. Among the cultured fish from different localities, C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 were present in higher amounts in lipid-poor fish than in lipid-rich fish. In contrast, C14:0, C16:0 and C20:5 showed high percentages in the latter. The contents of C14:0, C16:1, C18:1, C18:2 and C20:5 in meat from all regions except red meat were high in all cultured fish tested, as compared with those in the wild fish. The fatty acid composition of the bait affected that of the cultured fish. Fish raised on moist pellets, that contained high level of C18:0, C18:1 and C18:2, showed high percentages of these three fatty acids. Levels of C20:5, and C22:5, were high in cultured fish given sardines, which are rich in both fatty acids. Those fish pastured in marifarm contained more C16:0, C18:1 and C18:2 than fish cultivated in net cages, whereas levels of C20:5 and C22.5 were high in the latter.View full abstractDownload PDF (442K) -
Wung Yang Shieh, Usio Simidu, Yoshiharu Maruyama1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 853-857
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSNitrogenase activity associated with the seagrass Zostera marina (eelgrass) was examined by the acetylene-reduction assay method. Most of the rhizome-root complex samples showed significant levels of nitrogenase activity after an initial lag period of 8 to 12 hours under aerobic or anaerobic conditions. However, separated rhizomes and roots rarely showed significant nitrogenase activity. Glucose addition had little effect on the activity of rhizomes but remarkably enhanced the activity of roots, which suggests that heterotrophic nitrogen-fixing bacteria are predominately associated with the roots rather than the rhizomes and also that the rhizome-root complexes show significant nitrogenase activity only when the rhizomes contain adequate energy source the for root-associated nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Most of the root-associated nitrogen-fixing bacteria were probably distributed on the surface and not inside the roots.View full abstractDownload PDF (358K) -
Maria S. Izquierdo, Takeshi Watanabe, Toshio Takeuchi, Toshihisa Araka ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 859-867
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding experiments of the n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acid (n-3 HUFA) requirement on larval red seabream were conducted three times using rotifers enriched by the direct method, which showed a direct relationship between the n-3 HUFA concentration in emulsified lipids and the level on n-3 HUFA in rotifers. Various emulsions containing different levels of n-3 HUFA were prepared by mixing methyl oleate with pollock and cuttlefish liver oils or a methyl ester mixture containing 85% of n-3 HUFA and fed to rotifers. These rotifers were fed to larval fish for 10-16 days in 100l tanks.
The larvae fed on rotifers containing a low percentage of n-3 HUFA showed a poor growth and a high mortality. The growth, survival and activity of the larvae were effectively improved by elevation of the n-3 HUFA levels in rotifers, and reached a plateau at a level of 0.4%. The levels of n-3 HUFA in fish increased gradually as elevation of the percentage of n-3 HUFA in rotifers and reached a maximum at around 3% of n-3 HUFA (whole body dry basis). These results suggested that a minimum requirement of larval red seabream for n-3 HUFA is about 0.4% in wet basis of rotifer.View full abstractDownload PDF (591K) -
Wen-Yue Yong, Toshio Takeuchi, Takeshi Watanabe1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 869-873
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (425K) -
Toshiaki Ohshima, Shun Wada, Chiaki Koizumi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 875-883
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular species of 1, 2-diacylglycerophospholipids of bonito Euthynnus pelamis (Linna-eus) white muscle were determined by selected-ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectro-metry using electron impact ionization. The 1, 2-diacylglycerol tert-butyldimethylsilyl ether derivatives obtained from the glycerophospholipids were separated on a polar open-tubular column gas liquid chromatography based on the numbers of both total acyl carbons and double bonds. Peak assignment was carried out by locating the characteristic fragment ions, two types of [RCO+74]+ ions due to fatty acyl residues on sn-1 and sn-2 positions of 1, 2-diacylglycerol and [M-57]+ ions indicating the corresponding molecular weight. Consequently, the highly un-saturated 1, 2-diacylglycerophospholipids such as 20: 5n-3-20: 5n-3, 20: 5n-3-22: 6n-3 and 22: 6n-3-22: 6n-3 species were identified in the bonito white muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (684K) -
Toshiaki Ohshima, Shun Wada, Chiaki Koizumi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 885-890
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe molecular species of 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acylglycerophospholipids of bonito Euthynnus pelamis (I.innaeus) white muscle were determined by selected-ion monitoring gas chromatography/mass spectrometry using electron impact ionization. The 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acylglycerol tert-BDMS ether derivatives obtained from the glycerophospholipids were separated on a polar opentubular column gas liquid chromatography on the basis of the numbers of both total acyl carbons and double bonds. Peak assignment was carried out by locating the characteristic fragment ions, [RCH=RCH+56]+ ions due to alk-1-enyl residues on sn-1 position, [RCO+74]+ ions due to acyl residues on sn-2 positions and [M-57]+ ions indicating the corresponding molecular weight. Consequently, the highly unsaturated 1-O-alk-1'-enyl-2-acylglycerophospholipids such as 16:0"-22:6n-3 (alkenyl-acyl) and 18:0"-22:6n-3 species were predominently present in the bonito white muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Rikiya Yamashita, Munehiko Tanaka, Yuji Nagashima, Takeshi Taguchi1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 891-895
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of a cross-liker, 1-ethyl-3-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl] carbodiimide (EDC), on the thermal gelation of oval filefish meat and myosin pastes were examined by means of thermal temperature-jelly strength curves (30°, 40°, 50°, 60°, 70°, and 80°C) and the activities of ATPases. The treatment with 0.5% EDC (w/w) gave higher jelly-strength values to the meat paste for all the tested temperatures. “Himodori” (thermally induced gel disintegration) for meat paste and myosin was completely depressed by EDC. By treating the actomyosin with EDC (0.05mg EDC/mg protein), the activation of Mg-ATPase and inactivation of EDTA-ATPase occurred simultaneously while Ca-ATPase was unchanged. Acto-S-1 Mg-ATPase was also activated 1.8 to 2 times by EDC treatment. The possible role of the cross-linker, EDC, in the thermal gelation of oval filefish muscle proteins was discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K) -
Koji Nagashima, Takayuki Nakagawa, Fumio Nagayama1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 897-903
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPhosphofructokinase (EC 2.7.1.11) from rainbow trout liver, eelliver, and carp hepatopancreas was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by ethanol fractionation, DEAF-cel-lulose chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. The rainbow trout and eel enzymes were obtained as a homogeneous peak by gel filtration. In the carp liver, there was a considerable loss of enzyme activity during dialysis. The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 340, 000 by gel filtration, and the pH optimum of the activity was found to be around 8. The Km values for F6P of the rainbow trout, eel and carp enzymes were 19, 24, and 71μM, respectively, and that for ATP were 15, 19, and 22μM, respectively. The reaction mechanism by which the carp enzyme differed from that of the other two fish enzymes. Fish phosphofructokinase required Mg2+ for activation. The Km values for Mg2+ of the three fish enzymes ranged from O.83 to 1.1mM. The enzyme showed maximum activity around i mM ATP in the presence of 2mM F6P beyond which the activity decreased with increasing ATP concentration. ADP inhibited the enzyme activity, depending of F6P and ATP concentrations. AMP was found to activate the enzyme in the presence of ATP at inhibitory concentrations. The enzyme also utilized ITP, UTP, and CTP as a phosphoryl donor.View full abstractDownload PDF (461K) -
Koji Nagashima, Takayuki Nakagawa, Fumio Nagayama1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 905-909
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFructose-1, 6-bisphosphatase (EC 3.1.3.11) from rainbow trout liver, eel liver, and carp he-patopancreas was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation, followed by phosphocellulose column chromatography, and Sephadex G-200 gel filtration. Specific activity of the rainbow trout enzyme was comparable to that of the eel enzyme, while the carp enzyme was about one fifth of the above two fish species. Maximal activity of the enzyme was found around pH 7.4, irrespective of fish species. The Km values of the rainbow trout, eel and carp enzymes for FBP were 5.6, 8.2, and 12.5μM, respectively. Fish enzyme required Mg2+ for activation. In the case of carp enzyme, Mn2+ was also effective for activation. The activation constants for Mg2+ and Mn2+ ranged from 1 to 10mM and from 0.2 to 0.3mM, respectively. The activities of the rainbow trout and eel enzymes were further activated by the addition of K+ and NH4+ in the presence of Mg2+ whereas both monovalent cations inhibited carp enzyme. Na+ inhibited the activity of the fish enzyme in the presence of Mg2+. AMP stroungly inhibited the enzyme activity. In the presence of 1mM AMP and 0.5mM Mg2+ at pH 7.5, the enzymatic activity was inhibited by 57% in rainbow trout, 100% in eel, and 65% in carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (367K) -
Etsuo Watanabe, Tsutomu Hashimoto, Toshinori Konno, Kenzo Toyama1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 911-915
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOxalic acid sensor was developed and applied to the determination of oxalic acid in some algae. The sensor was prepared with the combination of an oxalate oxidase membrane and an oxygen electrode. Oxalate oxidase was covalently immobilized on a membrane prepared from cellulose triacetate, 1, 8-diamino-4-aminomethyloctane and glutaraldehyde. The optimum operating condition of this sensor was determined as follows; pH: 6.0, temperature: 20°C, flow rate of buffer solution: 0.6ml/min.
One assay could be completed within 3 min. The enzyme sensor could be used for more than 70 assays without the decrease of output current (standard deviation: 24μM).
Algae were ground with mortar and treated with 85°C-hot water. After the water extracts were mixed with an equal amount of chroloform-methanol (1:1), the water layers were used for the de-termination of oxalic acid. The results obtained by the sensor system were fairly agreeable with those of the conventional methods.View full abstractDownload PDF (298K) -
Manabu Muramoto, Yuko Yamamoto, Nobuo Seki1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 917-923
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhen myosins prepared from the skeletal muscles of seven different fish species and rabbit were incubated with calpain in the low salt solution at various temperatures, a myosin rod-like fragment (Mr= 150, 000 protein band on SDS-PAGE) was preferentially formed in all myosins examined and increased proportionally to the cleavage of myosin heavy chain. It was found that rabbit myosin, the most thermally stable of myosins was used, the most stable to proteolysis; and enhanced cleavage of fish myosins at lower temperatures. The calpain susceptibility of fish myosins was found to increase in species adapted to colder environmental temperatures. The apparent rate constants for cleavage of each myosin heavy chain at various temperatures were closely correlated with those for thermal inactivation of the ATPase of the same myosin, suggesting that the cleavage rates are a reflection of the conformational state in the head region, subfragment-1, of myosin molecule. Therefore, the stability of each myosin to thermal denaturation may be followed by this proteolysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (752K) -
Yasukatsu Oshima, Mayumi Hirota, Takeshi Yasumoto, Gustaaf M. Hallegra ...1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 925
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Katsuhiko Harada1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 927
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Yutaka Kobayashi, Takayuki Nakagawa, Fumio Nagayama1989 Volume 55 Issue 5 Pages 929
Published: May 25, 1989
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (103K)
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