日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
56 巻, 5 号
選択された号の論文の25件中1~25を表示しています
  • 魚谷 逸朗, 斎藤 勉, 平沼 勝男, 西川 康夫
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 713-717
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study examined the gut contents of 1, 939 larvae (2.28-14.60mm in total length) of bluefin tuna Thunnus thynnus collected in 1981 and 1982 by larva-net tows in the waters around Nansei Islands, and described their feeding condition and morphological development.
    The larvae fed on small zooplankton, mainly copepods, in the daytime: those less than 5mm TL on copepoda nauplii of less than 0.3mm in body length, and those larger than 5mm TL on larger copepods, especially of genus Corycaeus. This significant improvement of feeding ability at 5mm TL was also recognized both from examination of empty stomach rate and wet weight of gut content. The analysis of relative growth of the larvae showed that their external shape became constant at about 5mm TL.
    These results suggest that the larvae larger than 5mm TL fed more efficiently than smaller ones, getting higher chance of survival.
  • 町井 紀之, 能勢 幸雄
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 719-723
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Measurement of the pursing drag during a fishing operation is more difficult than that of the hauling drag. Due to lack of studies on mechanical properties of purse seine, the verification of the results obtained for the pursing drag is difficult at present. In this study, the pursing drag of a Peruvian small purse seine was calculated by applying the method of Miyoshi and that of the authors. In an equilibrium condition of the force and at a standard fishing operation, the purisng drag calculated by the method of Miyoshi was 473kgw, while that by the method of the authors was 478kgw. The results obtained by the two methods were in close agreement. It was found that both methods were applicable in determining the pursing drag of a rectangular purse seine. The method of Miyoshi, however, required some numerical analysis while the method of the authors was simple to apply.
  • 和田 時夫, 松宮 義晴
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 725-728
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In the case of purse seine fishery for aggregative pelagic fishes, School Size×School Density×Fishing Ground Area was suggested as a basis for the abundance index.
    Catch per casting effort and reciprocal of searching time were thought to be proper indices for school size and school density, respectively. The equation for calculating the abundance index was shown and the relation between the variables were theoretically examined when the size of fishing ground changes, The above theory was trially applied to the data from sardine purse seine fishery in the southeast coast of Hokkaido and the validity of equation for variables of abundance index was supported.
  • 山田 真知子, 花田 喜文, 宮崎 昭夫, 鶴田 新生, 吉田 陽一
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 729-734
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The plankton community was investigated in the pond constructed on the coast line of Kitakyushu City, Northern Kyushu, Japan, where various kinds of solid wastes such as soil from land source, domestic wastes, and industrial wastes, had been dumped from 1980 to 1987.
    The cell density of phytoplankton continued to increase gradually and red tides were observed from 1983. The plankton community was predominated by several species of diatoms, dinoflagellates, Cryptophyceae, green algae, filamentous bacterium, ciliates, and rotifers. Some of them occurred continuously or cyclically during certain periods. Closing to the end of reclamation, a phototrophic red sulfur bacterium Thiocapsa roseopersicina predominated twice and discolored the water to purple-brown. At the first time, phytoplankton almost disappeared from the pond but retrieved after a few months, and at the second time phytoplankton occurred abundantly with the phototrophic bacterium.
    Thus, in the case of this pond, the specific phyto-and zooplankton adapting to the water quality seem to have appeared one after another during almost whole time of this investigation. A large amount of plankton was suggested to play an important role in the self-purification of the water quality in the pond, and the pond acts as an oxidation pond for the polluted water caused by the solid wastes dumped.
  • 山田 真知子, 花田 喜文, 末田 新太郎, 鶴田 新生, 吉田 陽一
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 735-741
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to obtain some fundamental data for maintenance of the coastal reclaimed site for disposal of various solid wastes, change of plankton population were investigated in relation to the change of water quality in a reclaimed site pond formed along the coastal line of Kitakyushu City, Japan. The pond water became rapidly brackish and polluted during seven years needed for the completion of the reclamation by disposing of the solid wastes.
    The water quality in this pond was arranged in five clusters by use of one numerical classification method, agglomerative cluster analysis, which employs four water factors: pH, chlorinity, suspended solids, and COD on four seasons: February in winter, May in spring, August in summer, and November in autumn.
    The occurrence pattern of dominant phytoplankton and five clusters of water quality were compared; it was found that the alternation between marine plankton and brackish-water plankton was observed around 10‰ in chlorinity, and fresh-water plankton began to appear below 5‰ in chlorinity. The marine plankton's highest COD value was 17mg/l, and fresh-and brakish water forms were able to occur as high as 40mg/l in COD. One species of a phototrophic bacterium was observed in one cluster which had abnormal conditions of 160mg/l in COD and 11.2 in pH.
    These results revealed that there was an intimate relation between the characteristic occur-rence of plankton and water quality in each of the five clusters. The appearance of planktonic biota and the variation of water quality were affected by the climatic conditions, such as rises of temperature and copious rainfall.
  • 藤石 昭生
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 743-747
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Midwater trawling technology has become important since the early 1980's for harvesting underutilized fast swimming fish. Developmental work has involved fishing trials with full scale midwater trawls by the Japan Marine Resources Development Center (JAMARC). Results of these trials have shown that some of the high speed midwater trawls with large meshes were effective in the capture of scattered shoals of pelagic species. The Japanese midwater trawls use meshes of up to 3m and these have beneficial effect of achieving higher towing speed and reducing net drag. However, insufficient data has been available to evaluate the effect of reducing net drag by the introduction of these large meshes.
    Three models were used in this study to examine the differences in net drag at the range of higher towing speed; one being a standard model which was made after one of the JAMARC's designs and the others being control with smaller meshes in their body sections of the trawls. They are exactly the same in their design from wing to codend but differ only in use of large meshes in body sections. Results obtained indicate that a comparison between net drag and total twine area shows a good correlation for the three models, based on a method developed by Reid. The effect of large meshes on net drag can thus be evaluated from the correlation.
  • 呉 俊剛, 黒倉 寿, 平野 禮次郎
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 749-754
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Crossbreeding between Pseudocentrotus depressus egg and cryopreserved Anthocidaris cras-sispina sperm were performed, in order to obtain several information concerning the influence of maturation of egg and sperm donors on the morphological appearance of parental characters in hybrids. Hybrid larvae were reared up to metamorphosis at 20°C, and Chaetoceros gracilis was used as the food. Skeletal structure of hybrid larvae exhibited intermediate characters, such as incomplete compound basket body structure, structural differences in postoral rod, postero dorsal rod and posterior transverse rod. Utilization of cryopreserved sperm in the experiment, permitted the use of sperm collected during the breeding season of the paternal species. This in turn is thought to have enhanced the probability of producing intermediate characters in the hybrid larva.
  • 皆川 恵
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 755-760
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to examine temperature effects on several larval characters, zoeas of Ranina ranina were reared under 5 temperature levels ranging 17 to 33°C. Survival decreased at lower temperatures and optimum range for the survival seemed to become narrower in later instars. The molting depended significantly on the temperature, and molting intervals increased exponential-ly at lower temperatures. The optimum temperature was 25 to 29°C for growth and morphogenesis during all zoeal instars. The growth decreased and morphogenesis delayed at lower and higher temperatures out of optimum range. Food intake tended to increase at higher tem-perature at instars I to V but was the maximum at 25°C at instar VII. At higher temperature, reduction of growth and delay of morphogenesis were observed, in spite of a large amount of food intake in early instars. Unusual high temperature, which is not observed in nature, might affect the physiological condition of the larvae.
  • 村田 寿, 山内 清
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 761-764
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to evaluate the factors responsible for accelerating lipid peroxidation in cultured fish tissues, the relationship of the polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) concentrations of the ordinary muscle and liver from 3-year-old cultured red sea breams Pagrus major was investigated from July, 1986 through January, 1987. A comparison of the cultured fish and wild red sea breams was included. The cultured fish ordinary muscle gave relatively high TBA values from July through September and low TBA values from October to January. Their PUFA concentrations (such as 22:6ω3, 20:5ω3, 20:4ω6) and peroxidizability indices didn't vary greatly from July through January, except in August. On the other hand, the PUFA concentrations and peroxidizability indices of the liver from the cultured fish had relatively high values from November through January. However, their liver TBA values were quite low from November through January. Moreover, although the ordinary muscle and liver of the wild fish gave a higher PUFA concentration and peroxidizability index as compared with those of the cultured fish, the wild fish TBA values remained lower. Consequently, the re-sults obtained in the present study suggest that the accelerating lipid peroxidation in the ordinary muscle and liver from cultured red sea breams does not always depend upon their PUFA concentrations.
  • 長島 裕二, 野口 玉雄, 河端 俊治, 橋本 周久
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 765-770
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Attempts were made to find the best conditions for extracting paralytic shellfish poison (PSP) from scallop digestive gland, the conditions in which low-toxic components with a carbamoyl-N-sulfo group are evaluated as high-toxic components. To a digestive gland homogenate was added an equal volume of various concentrations of HCl, HNO3 or H2SO4, and the mixtures were heated in boiling water. PSP toxicity, as analyzed by the mouse bioassay, increased with an increasing acid concentration of each extractant up to 1 N. The highest toxicity values of the extracts were 300MU/ml with 1 N HCl, 320MU/ml with 1 N HNO3, and 270MU/ml with 1 N H2SO4. A prolonged extraction (>30min) of the digestive gland with 1 N HCl resulted in a gradual decrease of toxicity, due to a partial degradation of PSP.
    Based on these results, it was proposed that to a digestive gland homogenate is added an equal volume of 1 N HCl and heated in boiling water for 5min, and the supernatant is used for the mouse bioassay. This extraction method is also applicable to other toxic shellfish.
  • 木村 凡, 村上 正忠, 藤沢 浩明
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 771-776
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Eighty one strains of heavy oil-degrading bacteria isolated from the sea water of oil-polluted Bisan Seto were tested for the ability to grow on four major groups of hydrocarbons, normal alkanes, branched alkanes, cyclo alkanes, and aromatic hydrocarbons, known to be present in heavy oils. The hydrocarbon substrates tested were n-hexadecane (as a representative normal alkane), pristane (2, 6, 10, 14-tetramethylpentadecane, as a representative branched alkane), cyclododecane (as a representative cyclo alkane), and low-molecular-weight polyaromatic hydrocarbon mixtures (fluorene plus anthracene plus pyrene). All of the bacteria demonstrated the ability of utilizing n-hexadecane and pristane but not cyclododecane and the aromatic hydrocarbons as a sole carbon source for growth. Using two representative strains of the bacteria, further degradation characteristics of normal alkanes of different chain length, pristane, and the aromatics were also studied. Results obtained in this study suggested that the degradation potential of normal alkanes and branched alkanes was considerably high in Bisan Seto, and also that cyclo-alkanes and polyaromatic hydrocarbons were much more resistant to microbial attack in this areas.
  • Gholam R. Nematipour, 中川 平介, 大家 正太郎
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 777-782
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effect of supplemental dietary Chlorella-extract on lipid mobilization in ayu Plecoglossus altivelis was investigated in terms of in vitro lipolysis in cell free system of intraperitoneal fat body (IPE). The lipolysis activity was measured as the amount of fatty acids liberated from IPF homo-genate in the presence or absence of lipolytic hormones (adrenaline, noradrenaline, cortisol, glucoagon, vasopressin).
    The control group was fed a commercial diet containing 4% feed oil. In an experimental group, 1% of Chlorella-extract was supplemented to the above diet. The tissue homogenates obtained from both groups could liberate free fatty acids by incubation even without lipolytic hormones. However, cyclic AMP had no influence in the lipolysis activity. The lipolysis activity was superior in the experimental group. The lipolysis of the control group was enhanced by cortisol, while in addition to cortisol, noradrenaline and vasopression could activate the reaction in the experimental group.
    Even after starvation for 10 days, the lipolysis activity in the experimental fish was higher than that of control group. Selective release of certain fatty acids was found in the lipolysis in both groups. The lipolysis activity which is linked to mobilization of the reserved lipids could thus be enhanced by feeding Chlorella-extract.
  • 釜田 忠, Gavril Neamtu, 田中 淑人, 鮫島 宗雄, Kenneth L. Simpson
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 783-788
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The flower, Adonis aestivalis and its pigment extract were fed to two different sizes of rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri at a level of 10mg total pigment/100g diest.
    The larger fish (average weitht 400g) were fed the pigment extract for 8 weeks. In the males, carotenoids were mainly deposited in the skin and a samll amount was found in the flesh. However, in the females, a relatively high level of carotenoids was detected in the flesh.
    The smaller fish were fed the diets containing Adonis flower petals or its pigment extract. After two weeks of feeding, the Adonis flower group discontinued feeding activity and mortalities ensued. However, no mortalities resulted in the Adonis extract group over a three month feeding period, and a noticeable pink coloration was observed in the skin of this group. Pathological ex-amination of the fish fed the Adonis flower diet showed that the fish had an entreitis. The results of this experiment suggested the possible presence of toxic conpounds in A. aestivalis flower. How-ever, the extract of A. aestivalis may serve as an excellent dietary pigment source.
  • 釜田 忠, 田中 淑人, 山田 章二, Kenneth L. Simpson
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 789-794
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    1. The rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri were fed the diet containing Adonis extract or synthetic astaxanthin. Astaxanthin of both diets was incorporated in the skin and flesh of the fish.
    2. Fatty acid composition of astaxanthin diester extracted from rainbow trout fed with diets containing the pigment extract from the flower Adonis aestivalis and racemic astaxanthin was de-termined.
    3. Astaxanthin diester which was extracted from the fish fed the Adonis extract contained C18:1 (31.8%) and C22:6 (13.1%) as the major fatiy acids.
    4. Entirely different fatty acid profiles were found in the astaxanthin diester between the Adonis extract and the fish fed the Adonis extract. The result indicated that astaxanthin diester absorbed and hydrolyzed. After it was transferred into the skin, it was re-esterified.
    5. Astaxanthin was extracted from the flesh and the skin of rainbow trout fed with racemic astaxanthin ((3S, 3'S)-/(3S, 3'R)-/(3R, 3'R)-astaxanthin (1/2/1)). In the flesh, 26.4% (3S, 3'S)-, 51.5% (3S, S'R)-and 22.4% (3R, 3'R)-astaxanthin were detected. In the skin, 35% (3S, 3'S)-, 46.4% (35, 3'S)-and 17.8% (3R, 3'R)-astaxanthin were detected.
  • 川合 哲夫, 石田 祐三郎, 垣内 博文, 池田 信夫, 恒屋 知之
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 795-802
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The volatile components were experimentally produced by heating short-necked clam (Tapes philippinarum) with glass beads. Three flavor concentrates, obtained by distillation at three temperature ranges (98-101, 101-115, and 115-160°C), were analyzed by GC-MS. A total of 76 compounds were identified. They included 9 acyclic nitrogen compounds, 9 pyrazines, 6 pyridines, 6 pyrroles, 5 pyrrolidines, 5 acyclic sulfur compounds, and 1-methylpyrrolidine-2, 5-dione.
    The last concentrate (115-160°C) gave a pleasant roasted odor of short-necked clam was char-acterized by the following flavor components: 3, 4, 5, 6-tetrahydro-2, 4, 6-trimethyl-2H-1, 3, 5-thiadiazine, 5, 6-dihydro-2, 4, 6-trimethyl-4H-1, 3, 5-dithiazine, 2-methyl-2-thiazoline, 3-hydroxy-2-methyl-4H-pyrone (maltol), and N, N-dimethylglycine methyl ester. While the second concen-trate (101-115°C) having the boiled odor of the clam contained some pyrazines, some pyridines, and the ester as major flavor components.
  • 田中 啓陽
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 803-808
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study is undertaken to identify how the constant rate of biochemical oxidation varies with the C/N ratio in glucosae solution supplemented with inorganic nitrogen.
    The biochemical oxidation of organic matter has been defined by a stoichiometric model, and the commonly-accepted reaction of this model consists of three chemical reactions. In this paper, the progress BOD is mathematically expressed by using composite three first order kinetics. The influence of the C/N ratio on the progress BOD is evaluated by estimating the parameters of the kinetic equation. Kinetics parameters are determined by modifying Lee's graphical method.
    In the glucose solution with C/N ratios ranging from 4 to 20, the rate constant of endogenous respiration has a tendency to increase with increasing ratios of C/N. And the rate constants in the first and second steps of microbial growth phase decrease from 3.5 to 2.0/day and from 1.2 to 0.4/day with increasing ratios of C/N, respectively. On the other hand, total ultimate oxygen demand is a similar value at C/N ratios between 4 and 20. The value is equivalent to 67.5 per cent of the theoretical oxygen demand of glucose. These results mean that the amount of nitrogen needed is not directly related to the organic matter undergoing degradation but rather to the amount of new cells synthesizing in the degradation process.
  • Chitra N. Wendakoon, 村田 道代, 坂口 守彦
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 809-818
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Non-volatile amine formation and its relationship to the changes in free amino acid level in white and dark muscles of mackerel were investigated during storage in ice and at 20°C. No amines were formed during ice storage, except negligible amounts of histamine. At 20°C, histamine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tyramine were formed in relatively large amounts. Spermidine was very low initially in both muscles and decreased regardless of storage temperature. In the dark muscle, the amine levels were always much higher and the amine production was more rapid than that in the white muscle. The results of the changes in level of volatile base nitrogen during storage also indicated that the dark muscle spoiled faster than the white muscle at 20°C and vice versa in ice.
  • 青木 恭彦, 荒木 利芳, 北御門 学
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 819-823
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A screening was undertaken to acquire bacteria with porphyran-degrading enzyme productivi-ty. Several strains were obtained from the sea environment in Fukuoka Prefecture. Among them, the strain AP-2 from an alga showed the highest productivity of the enzyme. The organism needed the extract from P. yezoensis as an inducer to produce porphyran-degrading enzyme, and released a large amount of the enzyme into the culture fluid, when incubated with shaking at 25°C for 5 days in the following liquid medium; 0.5% peptone, 0.1% yeast extract, 3% NaCl in the extract from P. yezoensis, pH 7.4. The enzyme exhibited a high activity at pH 6.5. The enzyme seems to be an β-agarase which cleaves not only porphyran but also agar to give various sizes of neoagaro-oligosaccharides.
    According to criteria of the Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, Vol. 1, the bacterium was assigned to the genus Vibrio, but not listed species name for this organism.
  • 青木 恭彦, 荒木 利芳, 北御門 学
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 825-830
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    β-Agarases were purified from the culture fluid of a marine bacterium, Vibrio sp. AP-2, by am-monium sulfate precipitation, successive column chromatography, and nuclease treatment. The final enzyme preparations appeared to be homogeneous on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzymes (agarases-a, -b, and-c) had molecular weight of 34, 000, 20, 000, and 18, 000 daltons, and the pH optimum of 6.5, 5.5, 7.0, respectively, and were stable in a pH region from 4.0 to 9.0, and at temperatures below 45°C. The agarases were β-agarase which degraded agar to yield neoagaro-oligosaccharides. Agarase-a and agarase-c hydrolyzed agar to give neoagarotetraose as the pre-dominant product, agarase-b gave neoagarobiose as the predominant product. The three enzymes did not react with κ-carrageenan.
  • 鈴木 譲, 田中 雅人, 会田 勝美, 羽生 功
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 831
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 白根 福栄, 野崎 浩, 中山 充
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 833
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • Hassan Razavi-Shirazi, 村田 道代, 坂口 守彦, 桑名 茂司
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 835
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 藤井 建夫, 平山 昌広, 奥積 昌世, 安田 松夫, 西野 甫, 横山 理雄
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 837
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 松宮 義晴
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 839
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • その数学的考察
    松宮 義晴
    1990 年 56 巻 5 号 p. 841
    発行日: 1990/05/25
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
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