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Volume 56, Issue 6
Displaying 1-25 of 25 articles from this issue
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Isao Takahashi, Izumi Kinoshita, Kensaku Azuma, Shinji Fujita, Masaru ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 871-878
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the amphidromous form of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis Temminck et Schlegel, generally the prelarvae hatched in rivers in autumn are drifted down into the sea, where they live throughout the larval and early juvenile stages until spring. In the Shimanto estuary, however, an appreciable number of postlarval ayu occurred not only during March to May, but also during October to February. Furthermore, there was little difference in the size and age between the larvae occurring in the estuary and sea. In the estuary, they reside in the bank waters, during 10-75 day ages and 10-30mm SL. Thereafter, they seem to ascend the river without going out to the sea. The growth rate estimated from the otolith daily rings was higher in the estuary than in the sea beach.View full abstractDownload PDF (538K) -
Komar Sumantadinata, Nobuhiko Taniguchi1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 879-886
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeven common carp stock were collected from West Java, East Java, and West Sumatra to compare some morphometric and meristic characters. The Majalaya and Punten stocks were significantly greater in body depth, intestine length and number of vertebrae than the other stocks. The body width of Majalaya was the highest of all the stocks. These two stocks have a smaller head. The Majalaya, Punten and Rayo showed low coefficients of variation in almost all morphometric and meristic characters, suggesting homogeneous properties of these stocks. It is suggested that the Majalaya and Punten are well established as a strain, and probably have a common ancestor.View full abstractDownload PDF (553K) -
Taeko Miyazaki, Yoshihiko Nakamura1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 887-892
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFish single line acuity was examined by means of the conditioned reflex method using bait. Japanese parrotfish were selected as experimental fish. Experimental equipment was made to be able to measure single line acuity with fish under stable conditions. The target board was made of white acrylic resin with a vertical black line in the center.
As a result, the single line acuity was estimated to be 0.63 by a statistical method based an fish reflexes under a variety of line widths. The single line acuity sharply decreased with decreasing illuminance below 3lx. The single line acuity decreased with increasing turbidity at higher illuminance levels than 3lxView full abstractDownload PDF (458K) -
Toshikuni Nakatani, Hiroaki Koizumi, Shin-ichi Yokoyama, Tatsuaki Maed ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 893-901
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOtoliths obtained from 1004 specimens of pleuronectid flounder Hippoglossoides dubius were examined in order to validate aging method. Samples were collected by otter trawling in Funka Bay from November 1982 to December 1983, and from November 1985 to September 1986. From the seasonal change in the percentage of otolith with translucent edge and marginal growth rate, it was confirmed that the translucent zone of the otolith was formed annually in winter. Based on the relationship between the radius of the otolith and the standard length of H. dubius, and the distances from the focus to the outer margin of succes-sive translucent zones, average growth was estimated as follows;
November 1982-December 1983
male: SLt=233.1 [1-exp (-0.1630 (t+1.0346))]
female: SLt=433.0 [1-exp (-0.0624 (t+1.5759))]
November 1985-September 1986
male: SLt=240.8 [l-exp (-0.2522 (t+0.3195))]
female: SLt=294.8 [1-exp (-0.2147 (t-0.1468))]
SLt: standard length in mm at age t years
Annual change in age composition showed that the year class strength of H. dubius in Funka Bay considerably fluctuated and strong year classes were formed in 1973, 1980 and 1983.View full abstractDownload PDF (1174K) -
Sho Tanaka1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 903-909
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe structure of the dorsal spine in deep sea squaloid shark Centrophorus acus was studied macroscopically and microscopically with relation to its usefulness as an age determination tool. The dorsal spines consisted of five structural components; the mantle, the external anterior dentine portion, the stem, the pulp cavity and the cartilaginous tissue. Growth rings were present in the inner, middle and outer dentines of the stem. However, the number of rings in the inner dentine was greater than that in the middle and outer dentines. The spine length and the number of rings in the inner dentine increased with the body growth. The periodic formation of the rings is discussed. The von Bertalanffy growth curve was fitted by non-linear least squares method. The growth equation is as follows
male: TLn=1172(1-e-0.173(n+1.403))
female: TLn=1262(1-e-0.155(n+0.485))
where TLn indicates the total length at n rings, and n the number of rings.View full abstractDownload PDF (3478K) -
Shinji Fujita, Katsutaro Yamamoto, Katsuaki Nashimoto1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 911-916
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was developed in order to establish an accurate way of analyzing underwater background noise in the coastal fishing grounds. Three hydrophones were placed on the seabed in a triangular pattern. Underwater sounds generated by the research vessels were recorded on a data-recorder and then analyzed at the laboratory of Hokkaido University. Power spectra were estimated from these data. Dominant sound frequencies in these spectra were identified, as well as their underwater directional source.
Where the sea is shallow for some distance from shore, the energy decreasing rate of ship noise which traveled underwater was observed to vary according to different sound frequencies.
The method of the hydrophone placement used in this study also aided in detecting sound direction. By applying the process of numerical filtering, it was possible to detect the direction of the underwater sound, as well as express its characteristics.View full abstractDownload PDF (509K) -
Gunzo Kawamura, Matsunosuke Tamura1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 917-921
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo demonstrate the species selectivity of fish baskets, fishing experiment was conducted using baskets of iron frame covered with netting in a rocky ground. The baskets were baited with frozen sardine (baited basket) or partly covered with brushwood on their top (covered basket) and their catches were compared with that of the control (without bait and brushwood). The total catch from 156 hauls was much better in the covered baskets and baited ones than in the control. The influence of the bait and brushwood on the catch was fish species selective; the filefish was significantly dominant in the catch of the covered baskets, the grass puffer was caught only by the baited baskets, and no influence was seen in the wrasse and striped catfish. A tank experiment implied that the species selectivity was different between day and night; the rockfish and filefish ingressed preferably into the covered basket in daytime but into the control at night. An exploratory behavior was hypothesized for the ingress of the fishes into the control, and the brushwood was thought to enhance an exploratory drive of fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (504K) -
Kunio Kobayashi, Rizald Max Rompas, Yuji Oshima, Nobuyoshi Imada1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 923-928
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA comparative study has been made of the toxicity, absorption and depuration of fenitrothion (dimethyl 3-methyl-4-nitrophenyl phosphorothionate; FS) and its oxon (FO) in Japanese tiger shrimp Penaeus japonicus.
It has been previously reported that the toxicity of FO to the shrimp was approx. 10-20 times higher than that of FS in the intramuscular administration test, and also that FO showed ca. 12, 000 times high acetylcholinesterase inhibition compared with FS.
In the lethal concentration (LC5O) test, however, the toxicity of FO to young and juvenile tiger shrimp was only 1/10-1/50 that of FS, contrary to its toxicity in vivo. The results in the absorption and depuration test of [14C] FS and [14C] FO for tiger shrimp juvenile, demonstrated that the ab-sorption rate of FS in the shrimp was approx. 40 times that of FO, and that the FS absorbed by the shrimp from surrounding water was rapidly biotransformed to more toxic FO, resulting in the high toxicity of FS to the shrimp compared with FO in the LC50 test.View full abstractDownload PDF (516K) -
Katsuji Morioka, Yutaka Shimizu1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 929-933
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the effect of sarcoplasmic proteins (Sp-P) on the gel-formation of fish meet, the jelly strength of washed meat gel was compared with that of non-washed gel on the bases of both myofibril content and water content.
For the same water content, the strength of washed meat gel was 5 times higher than that of non-washed, while for the same myofibril content, the latter was 1.5 times higher than the former. This result indicated that Sp-P does not interfere with gel-formation of myofibrillar proteins, but positively contributes to it. This conclusion was confirmed from the fact that native Sp-P showed a stronger enhancing effect on the jelly strength of myofibril gel than did heat-denatured Sp-P.View full abstractDownload PDF (384K) -
Tetsu Mori, Shigeru Okada, Katsumi Yamaguchi, Shoji Konosu, Yoshihiro ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 935-939
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pigmentation of the flesh of cultured coho salmon Oncorhynchus kisutch was examined on a practical scale by feeding diets supplemented mainly with Antarctic krill and littoral mysid both of which are rich in a red carotenoid, astaxanthin. Approximately 10, 000 and 6, 000 juvenile freshwater coho salmon weighing 160-180g were acclimatized to sea water and then maintained in two net pens for feeding. Diets No.1 and 2 that contained carotenoids at concentrations of 0.1-0.4mg end 1.1-4.1mg/100g, respectively. On the 127th day the fish from Diet No.1 group and as early as on about 50th day those from Diet No.2 group accumulated carotenoids in the flesh to 0.6mg/100g, the flesh color being fairly close to that of wild coho salmon. In the case of the fish from Diet No.2 group the content of carotenoids reached 1.0mg/100g on the 127th day, which is almost the same as that of wild fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (399K) -
Shigeru Nakajima, Ryuichi Kawano, Kiyotaka Matsushita, Takahide Tsuchi ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 941-945
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe amino acids composition and nutritive values of pearl oyster proteins were examined. The amino acid score of pearl oyster proteins was 88. Growth rates of rats fed a pearl oyster diet were higher than those fed a casein diet. True digestibility of pearl oyster proteins was lower than that of casein. The nutritive values of pearl oyster proteins measured for rats were about the same as those of casein. The level of total plasma cholesterol in rats fed the pearl oyster diet was lower than that of those fed the casein diet. Pearl oyster was thus considered to be a useful protein source, which could control the accumulation of total plasma cholesterol.View full abstractDownload PDF (367K) -
Moritsugu Hamada, Akira Mikuni1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 947-951
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe scale ash of the sardine Sardinops melanosticta was analyzed by an X-ray diffraction method in order to identify the compounds in the minerals of the ash. The diffraction pattern of the scale ash was compared with those of five authentic chemicals with a molar ratio of Ca to P or of Mg to P of about 3 to 2, based on our previous results by chemical analyses. The peaks of the diffraction pattern of the scale ash did not coincide with any of the α and β types of Ca3(PO4)2, Ca3(PO4)2•nH2O, or Mg3(PO4)2•8H2O. However, the peaks of the diffraction pattern of hydroxyapatite (HAP) coincided with those of scale ash except at 31.2° and 34.6° where HAP had no peaks. The chemical, among the five authentic chemicals, which showed the peaks at 31.2° and 34.6° was β-Ca3(PO4)2. The X-ray diffraction pattern of the mixture of HAP and β-Ca3(PO4)2 in a molar ratio of 5 to 5 showed almost the same diffraction pattern as that of scale ash. Consequently, the main compounds in the sardine scale ash were estimated to be HAP and β-Ca3(PO2)4. The crystallization of HAP and β-Ca3(PO4)2 in the scale progressed by ashing at 600°C. On the contrary, the bone mineral of the sardine was regarded as almost pure HAP and was practically different from the minerals of the scale.View full abstractDownload PDF (294K) -
Satoru Akashige1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 953-958
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOysters Crassostrea gigas cultured in Hiroshima Bay were examined for several serum constituents as well as biochemical composition of soft tissues.
The level of carbohydrate in soft tissues reached a maximum (28-38% on dry basis) in May, decreasing steadily to a minimum (2-3%) in September.
Serum levels of glucose, carbohydrate, protein, non-protein nitrogen, phospholipid and triglyceride ranged 0.2-1.5, 7-46, 39-98, 1.7-5.5, 0.9-3.7 and 0.1-2.2mg/dl, respectively. They showed essentially the same seasonal variations, having a maximum in May or June, de-creasing steadily until September or October.
Close relationships were demonstrated between levels of serum constituents and the annual reproductive cycle, suggesting that the transport of serum constituents is activated in the maturing period of gonads.View full abstractDownload PDF (409K) -
Kimio Nishimura, Masaru Ohtsuru, Kimitoshi Nigota1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 959-966
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe mechanism of improvement effect of ascorbic acid (AsA) against setting and kama-boko gels, which were the low temperature-and heat-induced gel of fish meat, respectively, was ex-amined by using frozen surimi (raw fish meat paste) of Alaska pollack. Adding 0.2% AsA re-sulted in the enhancement of the gel strength of heat-induced gel and uniformity of its micro-structure. The addition of AsA to crude actomyosin extracted from surimi promoted the polymer-formation during 40 or 90°C-incubation for 30min and resulted in decrease of surface hydropho-bicity and sulfhydryl groups. However, polymerization by AsA as described above could not be considered to depend on biochemical mechanism because the thermo-stability of crude actomyosin Ca- or Mg-ATPase activity was not enhanced by AsA. Moreover, crude actomyosin increased hydrophobicity by the addition of β-naphthoquinone-4-sulfonate formed the polymer by disulf-hydryl linkage earlier than native one. These results suggested the possibility that the polymer-formation by AsA was due to hydrophobic interaction, followed by the formation of disulfhydryl bonds between adjacent molecules.View full abstractDownload PDF (3457K) -
Koji Muramoto, Rina Goto, Hisao Kamiya1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 967-971
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA method was developed for the analysis of reducing sugars extracted with 80% aqueous ethanol from fish muscle. It was based on the reaction of the reducing sugars with the chromo-phoric reagent, 4-N, N-dimethylamino-4'-azobenzene sulfonyl hydrazide, and their separation by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or high-performance silical gel thin-layer chromatography. The absorbance at 485nm provided a sensitivity of the picomole level. This method was applied to the reducing sugar analysis of 20mg of fish muscle. The change of reducing sugar contents in fish muscle of various stages of freshness was compared with that of K values measured by ion-pair reversed-phase HPLC.View full abstractDownload PDF (1394K) -
Hatsuko Sakagami, Junko Iseda, Takane Fujimori, Yoshiaki Hara, Mitsuo ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 973-983
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAbstract-The characteristic volatile constituents of the brown and red marine algae obtained by capillary GC and GC-MS were compared.
2, 3-Dihydrofarnesol, farnesol and farnesal were identified as characteristic volatile com- pounds in Sargassum nigrifolium.
These compounds were not detected in the other marine brown algae and red algae we investigated.
Hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, 9-hexadecenoic acid and pentadecanoic acid were identified as the common main volatile compounds.View full abstractDownload PDF (584K) -
Yukio Shima, Kuniko Hayashi, Toru Tamiya, Takahide Tsuchiya, Juichiro ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 985-990
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCalmodulin (CaM) was purified from squid mantle muscle using hydrophobic chromatography. Relative molecular mass of the purified CaM deduced form the SDS-PAGE was exactly the same as that of bovine brain. Comparison of bovine brain and squid CaM indicates that each activates phosphodiesterase identically and that their activation curves are superimposable. Distribution of CaM in the squid tissues was also examined by measuring the activation level of PDE activity. The content of squid CaM in generative organ and fin is relatively higher than in pancreas, liver, and mantle muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (2243K) -
Nozomu Hirota, Akiko Kumagai1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 991-998
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe pigment composition of chlorophyll-protein complexes (CPC, zones I-IV) separated by SDS-PAGE from the brown macroalgae Hizikia fusiformis was determined by using HPLC. The HPLC pigment profiles of chloroplasts showed the presence of chlorophyll a (Chl a), chlorophyllc (Chl c), fucoxanthin, β-carotene, and three minor xanthophylls.
While Chl c was not found in zone I, in CPC, and β-carotene was present in both zone I and zone II, and fucoxanthin, neofucoxanthin, diadinoxanthin and diatoxanthin were found in all of zones I-IV
In the brown orange zone IV, the molar ratio of Chl a/fucoxanthin was the lowest value of all zones, and Chl a, Chl c and fucoxanthin were present in a molar ratio of 3.3:1:2.7.
The yield of chloroplasts reached the maximum value in August, and since then, showed a tndency to decrease according to the growth of H. fusiformis. In fronds and chloroplasts, the molar ratio of accessory pigments per Chl a became maximum in March.
We demonstrated that zone IV contained over three times as much accessory pigments as other CPC, and that it was a main light-harvesting complex in H. fusiformis. Furthermore, wo found that molar ratios of xanthophylls and Chl c per Chl a were vaziable throughout the period of growth of H. fusiformis.View full abstractDownload PDF (540K) -
Tsuyosi Ito, Nagayosi Kitada, Norihiko Yamada, Nobuo Seki, Ken-ichi Ar ...1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 999-1006
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSalt concentration of Walleye pollack minced meat was adjusted to 0.14-2.1M by soaking in 3M NaCI (pH7.0) for various periods at 4°C.
During dehydration of the cured meat by leaving at 30°C, changes of NaCl concentration, Ca-ATPase activity, and myosin heavy chain in the meat were investigated.
On dehydration for 24h, NaCl in the cured meat was concentrated to 2.5 times of its original value. At the same time, the formation of cross-linked myosin heavy chain hardly occurred in the meat containing 0.14M NaCl, but largely occurred in the meat containing 0.9-1.8M NaCl. In the meat containing 2.0-2.1M NaCl, almost no further change was observed because myosin heavy chain had already been cross-linked during the soaking in the NaCl solution.
It was thus concluded that the cross-linking reaction of myosin heavy chain in the cured meat caused by dehydration depended on the soaking condition such as the concentration of NaCl and the period.View full abstractDownload PDF (1777K) -
Shoji Kitamura1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 1007
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (117K) -
Bon Kimura, Masatada Murakami, Hiroaki Fujisawa1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 1009
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (109K) -
Hideo Hatate, Yoshinori Numata, Masayuki Kochi1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 1011
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (138K) -
Tetsuo Kawai, Yuzaburo Ishida, Toshihisa Higashida1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 1013
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (110K) -
Daisuke Fujita1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 1015
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (129K) -
Yoshihiro Ochiai, Jose Miguel Aleman Polo, Kanehisa Hashimoto1990 Volume 56 Issue 6 Pages 1017
Published: June 25, 1990
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (124K)
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