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Volume 57, Issue 10
Displaying 1-29 of 29 articles from this issue
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Masafumi Ishikawa, Atsuo Iida, Toshiaki Ishii, Shinjiro Hayakawa, Kenj ...1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1813-1819
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThree scale (A, B, C) samples from a red sea bream were analyzed two dimensionally with a scan covering approximately 3000 spots, for a time duration of 15000s using 16.5keV monochromatized synchrotron X-rays focussed into an area of 150×200μm2 by a double crystal monochrometer.
General features of elemental distribution were similar between scales A and C. Sr concentration was characteristic on the scales, and its pattern was similar with that of Ca, with a higher concentration at the focus and along grooves. Zn did not show any specific elemental locality over the scales.
Scale B showed elemental locality significances. The elemental distribution of Zn around the lateral line pore of the scale was characteristic, as was the distribution of Ca and Sr. The ratio of Sr to Ca especially along the grooves and focus was observed to be significantly high, about 4.7, which is approximately 20 times higher than the value generally accepted.View full abstractDownload PDF (3986K) -
Ryusuke Kado1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1821-1825
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSBalanus amphitrite larvae were reared to select the best algal diet and to determine the effect of light on the larval development. Chaetoceros calcitrans was found to have the best food value as Skeletonema costatum among five algal diets tested. The larval growth speed was not affected by the light when the ample amount of C. calcitrans was supplied. So did the difference in the light-dark frequencies (18L6D, 6×3L1D) neither. This fact suggests that light itself has little effect on larval development when the supplied food is sufficient for the larvae to grow.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
Masaru Tanaka, Ryo Kimura, Masatomo Tagawa, Tetsuya Hirano1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1827-1832
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe tissue concentration of L-thyroxine (T4) was measured by radioimmunoassay for whole bodies of laboratory-reared black sea bream larvae from 12 to 38 days after hatching. T4 level was less than 2ng/g body wet weight in early postlarvae. It increased markedly from 1.7ng/g on day 19 to 7.0ng/g on day 24, and then gradually decreased to 2.4ng/g by day 33, followed by the second elevation to 5.0ng/g on day 38. The first surge, occurring on day 24, corresponded to the notochord postflexion phase (Fukuhara's I stage) at which average standard length was 6.1mm. Previous field research on the early life history of this species suggests that this phase corresponds to the critical phase when the larvae migrate from coastal waters to near-shore nursery areas. Thus, it seems possible that thyroxine is involved in habitat transfer during the early ontogeny of the black sea bream.View full abstractDownload PDF (1141K) -
Ryo Kimura, Masaru Tanaka1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1833-1837
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSOntogenetic changes in prolactin (PRL) production during larval and early juvenile periods of reared black sea bream were examined using an immunocytochemical technique. The onset of PRL production was observed at the end of the yolk-sac stage. Percent PRL (the percentage of hypophysis volume occupied by PRL-cell masses), cited as a quantitative index of PRL pro-duction, increased from about 10% at yolk-sac and preflexion stages to about 17% at early juvenile stage. PRL cells were activated and Percent PRL significantly increased up to 22% in low salinity (5‰) ambient water. These results suggest that PRL has an important osmoregulatory role in marine fish as previously shown in freshwater fish, this being one of the important physiological backgrounds enabling the larvae to inhabit nearshore low-salinity nurseries.View full abstractDownload PDF (1868K) -
Atsushi Yamasaki, Akihiko Kuwahara1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1839-1844
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe terminal molt of the male snow crab Chionoecetes opilio was studied using 1, 638 male crabs with a carapace width larger than 60mm caught by Danish seine, trap and beam trawl in the Japan Sea from August 1989 to October 1990. For estimation of the molting stages of male crabs, the second maxilla was taken, and the carapace width and chela height of each individual was measured.
In examination of the relationship between carapace width and chela height, male crabs were divided into two groups, those with a relatively large chela height (large-clawed crabs), and those with a relatively small chela height (small-clawed crabs). In the small-clawed crabs, intermolt, premolt and postmolt stages were mainly observed from February to May, from June to September, and from September to October, respectively. On the other hand, almost all the large-clawed crabs were at the intermolt stage throughout the year, and the postmolt stage was observed from September to October. These results indicate that small-clawed crabs continue to molt once a year, whereas large-clawed crabs have already undergone the terminal molt.View full abstractDownload PDF (2135K) -
Hiroshi Kabasawa, Sadako Ooka-Souda1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1845-1849
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLocomotor activity rhythms in the hagfish Paramyxine atami were studied using the same procedures as were employed in a prior study of Eptatretus burgeri. Swimming activity under 12L: 12D (7:00-19:00 light, 19:00-7:00 dark) appeared at the beginning of the dark period and at the onset of the light period. In E. burgeri such activity occurred regularly in the first 2/3 of the dark period. P. atami exhibited a labile free-running rhythm of swimming under continuous darkness. After reversal of the light-dark cycle (7:00-19:00 dark, 19:00-7:00 light), the aver-age time necessary to shift to the new dark period was 3.7 days, in contrast to 7.7 days which E. burgeri required. The differences in the activity patterns of the two species may be ascribed to differences in their natural habitats: P. atami resides in deep waters, and cannot be so much in-fluenced by sunlight as E. burgeri.
It may be speculated that P. atami has a relatively “delicate” circadian oscillator, and the external light used in these experiments has a relatively strong effect in regulating locomotor ac-tivity, with the result that activity shifts in a short time after reversal of the light-dark cycle, and temporary activity is evoked at the onset of the light period.View full abstractDownload PDF (2047K) -
Takashi Oshiro, Yaguang Deng, Syunji Higaki, Fumio Takashima1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1851-1857
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiploid and triploid fish produced in crosses between female masu salmon (MS) Oncor-hynchus masou and males of six species, namely, MS, rainbow trout (RT) O. mykiss, brown trout (BN) Salmo trutra, Japanese common charr (JC) Salvelinus leucomaenis pluvius, white-spotted char (WS) Salvelinus leucomaenis leucomaenis, and brook trout (BK) Salvelinus fontinalis, were subjected to efficiency tests for aquaculture. Diploids and triploids of MS×MS, MS×JC, MS×WS and MS×BK, in addition to triploids of MS×RT and MS×BN, survived beyond the swimming-up stage, and thereafter the survival rate of every allotriploid group clearly exceeded that of their diploid hybrid counterparts. The daily growth rates of immature 1-year-old diploids and triploids of MS×JC and MS×WS and triploids of MS×BN were superior under controlled feeding, but inferior at satiation level to those of diploid and triploid MS×MS. Triploids appeared to perform better than diploids at satiation level in crosses of MS×JC and MS×WS. During the 6 months of accelerated gonadal development preceding the spawning season, the survival and growth rates of hybrids remarkably surpassed those of MS×MS for both ploidy levels.View full abstractDownload PDF (882K) -
Kaworu Nakamura, Yukinori Nishigaki1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1859-1863
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA gross anatomy of the antennal gland was conducted for the prawn Penaeus japonicus. Using the histological slices of the second antenna, contour lines of the antennal gland were traced to reconstruct its clay model. The opening site of the organ was observed with a scanning electron microscope to obtain information about urine excretion.
The antennal gland was composed of a coelomosac, labyrinth and urinary bladder. The coelomosac as well as the urinary bladder showed a complex of highly diverged vesicles. It had basically a median, transversal and lateral sacs. Some of these components spread to the thoracic region. The labyrinth was located in the median coelomosac. The transversal coelomosac con-nected the two glands behind the brain. The urinary bladder was situated distal to the labyrinth, leading to an opening slit on a small disc which was formed as a cuticular protrusion at the inside coxopodite of the second antenna. Urine excretion seemed to occur due to hemolymph pressure or inner pressure of the coelomosac.View full abstractDownload PDF (2258K) -
Yong Zhu, Kiyoshi Furukawa, Katsumi Aida, Isao Hanyu1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1865-1870
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTobinumeri-dragonet has two spawning seasons, spring and autumn, within a single year in Lake Hamana, but it is not clear whether the same individual spawns during both spawning seasons, or whether there are two different populations of tobinumeri-dragonet which spawn in spring and autumn, respectively. In the present study, the spawning rhythms of 12 females were individually monitored from April 20 to December 30, 1987 in tanks under natural conditions. Daily spawning was observed during the period from May to late July and from late August to the end of November. No spawning was observed during late July to late August and in December. Four females which were caught and reared in a stock tank until April matured and spawned daily in the spring spawning season. However, they all died during or after the spring spawning season. Two females caught in spring spawned daily in both the spring and autumn spawning seasons. The largest number of eggs spawned from one female was 32, 000/day, and the average number during both spawning seasons was 7, 200/day. One of the females repeated spawning 138 times during June 13 to November 26 except during late July to late August. The onset time of spawning ranged between 1600-2000h.View full abstractDownload PDF (376K) -
Yong Zhu, Kiyoshi Furukawa, Katsumi Aida, Isao Hanyu1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1871-1876
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the factors which initiate the autumn spawning, immature fish were reared under different conditions from August 15 to September 12. Spawning was observed from August 27 in the 12L12D/22-24°C group, and from August 30 in 15L9D/22-24°C group. How-ever, much more eggs were obtained in the 12L12D group than that in the 15L9D group. No mature fish were found in the 15L9D/28-29°C group. These results indicate that the decrease in temperature is the main environmental cue that initiates the autumn spawning, and that short daylength accelerates gonadal maturation.
In order to investigate the factors which terminate the autumn spawning, mature fish were divided into 3 groups; reared under 1) temperature changed group (23°C→19°C→16°C→14°C→11°C; 13L11D), 2) natural temperature group (13L11D), 3) daylength changed group (13L→11L→9L→15L→11L; 22-24°C) in the autumn spawning season. In the temperature changed group, daily spawning continued until the temperature decreased to 14°C. In natural temperature group, daily spawning was observed above 13°C. In the daylength changed group. daily spawning was observed under 13L11D, 11L13D and 9L15D. Spawning, however, stopped under 15L9D, and resumed under 11L13D. The number of spawned eggs/fish increased with the decrease in daylength. These results indicate that the low temperature in early winter is the terminating cue of the autumn spawning season.View full abstractDownload PDF (429K) -
Takakazu Ozawa, Futoshi Kakizoe, Osame Tabeta, Takashi Maeda, Yasutaka ...1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1877-1881
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA total of 24 specimens of Anguilla japonica leptocephali were collected by three cruises in the western North Pacific: two specimens (45.9 and 50.0mmTL) in Dec. 1961 by RV Shunyo Maru, one (41.5mmTL) in Oct. 1971 by RV Shoyo Maru, and 21 (19.5-25.4mmTL) in July 1990 by TV Keiten Maru. The last specimens included the smallest ones hitherto known from the field, and were collected at a station (16°29.3'N, 139°20.8'E) northwest of Guam and close to the station where the smallest leptocephalus was recorded in the past. The morphology was described separately on Shunyo Maru and Shoyo Maru specimens and Keiten Maru ones because of size difference. Discussion was made on several characters, especially the presence of caudal melanophores on two specimens, of Keiten Maru specimens different from those of larger specimens.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Toru Takita, Sumonta Intong1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1883-1889
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe early life histories of two puffers Takifugu rubripes and T. xanthopterus, were ecologically studied. The larvae of either or both species, not distinguishable from each other, were found in the middle or bottom layer in Ariake Sound and neighboring Chijiwa Bay in April and May. The juveniles of both species were noted in late May after becoming about 20mm in standard length at the mouths of rivers located at the head of Ariake Sound. T. rubripes stayed there until July or August, and T. xanthopterus for one month longer, under the condition of a large range of salinity. The diet of T. rubripes appeared to consist mainly of benthic animals such as crabs, zoeae, gammarids, fish lices, mysis and snails, whereas for T. xanthopterus, pelagic organisms. Many young puffers caught with commercial fishing nets are abandoned as trash fish and some efforts to conserve them should be made.View full abstractDownload PDF (556K) -
Takeshi Umezu1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1891-1896
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith tritiated water (THO), we can follow up the diffusional water flow in fish body. Some pollutants may affect the THO flux, which occurs independently of osmotic gradients. The effects of 25 chemicals were determined on the THO influx in 8 species of marine (longchin goby, girella, red sea bream, etc) and fresh water fish (medaka) of small size (0.2-1.5g) for 15 min exposure. Saponins of 2ppm doubled the THO influx ( ?? 100% increase), digitonin and anionic synthetic surfactants (LAS, SDS, Aerosol-OT) had similar effect. Nonionic surfactant Tween 20 (2-20ppm) was less effective ( ?? 40%) and Triton X-100 was barely effective at 80ppm. Except for these surface active agents, the other 18 chemicals were without effect at the concentrations tested. A gill perfusion test with eels, showed saponin to act on gills, the major site for water exchange, but not the skin or oesophagus.View full abstractDownload PDF (367K) -
Tetsuya Umino, Heisuke Nakagawa, Minoru Takaba1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1897-1902
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to evaluate the quality of artificial seed of red sea bream Pagrus major which might influence recruitment efficiency, various sized artificial seed were submitted to analysis of body constituents and starvation test in relating to survival in the natural environment.
Lipid contents of muscle and intraperitoneal fat body (IPF) increased with the progress of growth. Gradual increase in triglycerides (TG) was found in muscle. TG of IPF became con-stant at 35mm in body length.
Starvation tolerance increased with growth processed and was higher in the larger fish. The fish with a high starvation tolerance could consume preferentially TG in muscle and IPF during starvation by supressing exhaustion of muscle protein. Starvation tolerance cosely correlated to TG level which was subject to fish size rather than age. Accordingly, low starvation tolerance of smaller fish could be explained owing to low TG accumulation.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Akiko Yamada, Katsumi Takano, Ikuzo Kamoi1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1903-1909
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAmylases of the intestine of Tilapia nilotica were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by affinity chromatography (α-cyclodextrin-Sepharose 6B), Chromatofocussing (poly-exchanger PBE 94), and gel filtration (Sephadex G-75). Two different amylases were obtained in pure state and tentatively designated AA-2 and AB-2.
The specific activity of AA-2 and AB-2 were 620- and 670-fold over the crude enzyme, respectively.
.AA-2 and AB-2 had molecular weights of 54, 000 and 56, 000, respectively, and showed the highest activity at 40°C and at a pH of 6.0. They were stable at pH 5.5-7.5 and below 45°C.
The Km values for soluble starch of the two enzymes were calculated to be 0.48mg/ml and 0.67mg/ml, respectively.
Both activities of the enzymes were inhibited by Hg2+, CH2ICOOH, PCMB, and DTNB. The enzymes specifically digested soluble starch, and gave maltose, maltotriose, and maltotetraose. Wheat starch was the most digested of several raw starches examined.View full abstractDownload PDF (1345K) -
Yasuo Makinodan, Takayuki Nakagawa, Masao Hujita1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1911-1916
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt is said that both autolysis of fish meat and lactic acid fermentation of boiled rice participate in the ripening of Funazushi (fermented seafood made of crucian carp Carassius auratus). However, there has been no study on the autolysis of Funazushi. It is also said that during ripening, the NaCl concentration of fish meat decreases to about 2% and pH falls below 5.0. Therefore we separated and purified catchepsin D (EC 3.4. 23.5), which is an acid pro-teinase, from a gengoro-crucian carp muscle, and examined the enzymatic properties to elucidate whether it participates in the ripening of Funazushi. The cathepsin D purified from crucian carp muscle using a combination of ammonium sulfate and acetone fractionations, DEAE-cellulose, and hydroxylapatite chromatographies, Ultrogel AcA34 and AcA44 gel filtrations was stable at pH 2.2-6.0 at room temperature as well as at 30°C and pH 3.0. Although the enzyme lost almost all activity in the presence of NaCl above 0.3M (1.8%), it restored the activity after removing NaCl. The enzyme hydrolyzed myofibrillar proteins such as myosin heavy chain, actin, tropomyosin in the presence of 2.3% NaCl at pH 5.0. From these results, the enzyme was considered to be one of factors participating in the ripening of Funazushi.View full abstractDownload PDF (1155K) -
Michiaki Yamashita, Shiro Konagaya1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1917-1922
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCathepsins B and L, lysosomal cysteine proteases, are suspected of causing the softening phenomenon of post-mortem muscle of salmon. The proteolytic action of these enzymes on structural proteins of fish muscle was investigated. Cathepsin L was capable of hydrolyzing the major muscle structural proteins, such as connectin, nebulin, myosin, collagen, α-actinin, and troponins T and I. Although cathepsin B hydrolyzed connectin, nebulin, and myosin, the hydrolysis rate was very low and, furthermore, the hydrolytic action was limited to only these proteins. These findings indicate the direct participation of cathepsin L in drastic proteolytic degradation of the fine structure of muscle of the fish.View full abstractDownload PDF (2394K) -
Mamoru Sato, Taiko Miyasaki, Reiji Yoshinaka1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1923-1926
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss fingerlings were fed for 15 weeks at 16°C on experimental diets containing different amounts of magnesium L-ascorbyl 2-phosphate (AsP) or L-ascorbic acid (AsA). The fish fed on the AsA-free diet showed external signs of sucrvy at the 9th week and stopped growing at the 12th week. No signs of scurvy were found in fish fed AsP-or AsA-supple-mented diets. The liver and plasma AsA concentrations were slightly higher in AsP-supplemented groups than in the groups supplemented with an equimolar amount of AsA. The molar ratios of hydroxyproline (Hyp) to proline (Pro) of collagens isolated from the skin and bone of the fish fed the AsA-free diet were significantly lower than those from the fish fed AsP- or AsA-supple-mented diets. There were no statistical differences between the ratios of Hyp to Pro for AsP-and AsA-supplemented groups. The foregoing results demonstrate that AsP has an equivalent physiological activity to AsA for rainbow trout.View full abstractDownload PDF (305K) -
Takako Aoki, Kaoru Takada, Naomichi Kunisaki1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1927-1934
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe chemical components such as moisture, crude protein, lipid, mineral contents, fatty acid composition, free amino acid contents, muscle hardness, and color difference of wild and cultured fishes were investigated for 6 species, i.e. red sea bream, Japanese sea bass, ayu, amberjack, bastard halibut, and striped jack. These fishes, were, purchased from Tokyo wholesale market except for the wild red sea bream which was taken from the Owase culture farm in Mie Prefecture. The results obtained are summarized as follows:
(1) Average lipid contents in 6 species of the cultured fishes were about 2.4 times higher than those of the wild type.
(2) No difference was seen in the mineral contents between wild and culture fishes.
(3) Clear differences of fatty acid composition, especially unsaturated fatty acid, were recognized between wild and cultured ayu.
(4) The contents of Tau, His, Lys, Arg, Gly, Ala, Glu, Car, and Ans in wild fishes differed from cultured fishes in all of the species.
(5) Muscle hardness of cultured red sea bream was softer than the wild type, but the opposite results were obtained in bastard halibut.
(6) The color of the skin was very different between wild and cultured fishes in all of the species.View full abstractDownload PDF (486K) -
Masato Kinoshita, Haruhiko Toyohara, Yutaka Shimizu, Morihiko Sakaguch ...1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1935-1938
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn attempt was made to substantiate a modori (thermal gel degradation) inducing effect of a latent serine proteinase. The proteinase was purified homogeneously from the sarcoplasmic frac-tion of threadfin bream muscle using a combination of DEAF-cellulose, Con A-Sepharose, Arg-Sepharose, Shim-pack HAC, and TSK-gel G3000SWXL column chromatographies. Its molecular weight was estimated as 77, 000 by SDS-PAGE analysis and 70, 000 by gel filtration using TSK-gel G3000SWXL. To examine the occurrence of modori-phenomenon, sols prepared from threadfin bream myofibrils lacking in modori-causing property were heated at 60°C in the absence or presence of the proteinase. Only in the presence of the proteinase, marked modori was observed by the puncture test and sensory tests for estimating the physical property of resulting gels, and breakdown of myosin heavy chain was also observed by SDS-PAGE analysis. This evidence clearly sug-gests that the proteinase is responsible for the modori-phenomenon occurring at 60°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (1145K) -
Hideki Kishimura, Kenji Hayashi1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1939-1944
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCarboxypeptidase A-like enzyme was purified from the crude enzyme solution prepared from the pyloric caeca of the starfish Asterias amurensis by gel filtration on Sephacryl S-200, followed by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. The homogeneity of the enzyme was demonstrated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
The molecular weight of the enzyme was estimated to be about 35, 000 by SDS-poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. The optimum pH and temperature of the enzyme for hydrolysis of benzoyl-glycyl-L-phenylalanine were at around pH 7.5 and 55°C, respectively, and the enzyme was stable below 50°C and at pH 6-11. This enzyme was not activated by the addition of CoCl2. However, the enzyme inactivated by EDTA was activated by the addition of ZnCl2 or CoCl2.View full abstractDownload PDF (939K) -
Kazunari Shiraishi, Kazuya Taniguchi, Kazuya Kurata, Minoru Suzuki1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1945-1948
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEffects of the methanol extracts of the brown alga Dictyopteris divaricata on feeding by the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus and the abalone Haliotis discus hannai were examined by the cellulose plate method. The neutral fraction of the algal extract was responsible for the deterred feeding by the sea urchin and the abalone. Chromazonarol, a sesquiterpene-substituted hydroquinone isolated from the neutral fraction, showed the most strong feeding-deterrent activity against the sea urchin and the abalone.View full abstractDownload PDF (229K) -
Koichi Okutani, Hiroshi Kobayashi1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1949-1956
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAn extracellular, acidic polysaccharide was isolated from a marine strain of Enterobacter sp., designed MU-3, which was tentatively identified as E. agglomerans. The structure of this polysaccharide was determined by techniques of methylation, mild acid hydrolysis, periodate oxidation, Smith hydrolysis, and β-elimination. 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy was used to establish the nature of the anomeric linkages of the polysaccharide and of oligosaccharides derived through degradative procedures. The polysaccharide has a branched structure containing a backbone chain of →3)-β-D-Galp (1→3)-α-D-Galp (1→6)-β-D-Glcp (1→, and a side chain of α-D-Galp (1→4)-β-D-GlcUAp (l→. The glucuronic acid residue in the side chain joins through C-4, to β-D-galactose residue in the main chain. The terminal galactose in the side chain bears a pyruvic acetal substituent at positions C-4 and C-6.View full abstractDownload PDF (2249K) -
Makoto Miura, Akio Nishimura, Toshinori Takayanagi1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1957-1963
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe protective effects of linear oligosaccharides and hydrogenated linear oligosacharides on thermal denaturation of Grub mackerel myofibrillar proteins at 35°C and at pH 7.5 were studied by measuring the apparent rate constant of inactivation of their Ca-ATPase.
It was found that the protective effects of linear oligosaccharides (DE 45, DPn 2.7) and hydrogenated linear oligosaccharides (DPn 2.7) were similar to those of sucrose and D-sorbitol. It was also suggested that the mean number of equatorial hydroxy groups, the mean degree of polymerization, and the distribution of degree of polymerization in the oligosaccharide molecules were important factors for evaluation of the protective effect against thermal denatura-tion of the myofibrillar proteins.View full abstractDownload PDF (432K) -
Heisuke Nakagawa, Yasuhiko Takahara, Gholam Reza Nematipour1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1965-1971
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSLipid properties were compared between cultured and wild ayu Plecoglossus altivelis obtained from 9 different producing districts of Japan.
The cultured ayu was characterized by high accumulation of triglycerides in intraperitoneal fat body (IPF) and muscle. While the IPF ratio of wild ayu ranged between 0.1 and 8.6% (average 1.8±1.6%), that of cultured ayu ranged between 1.5 and 15.1% (average 7.5±3.6%). The muscle lipid level of cultured ayu (8.2±2.5%) was extremely higher than that of wild ayu (3.4±1.7%). However, the ranges of both IPF ratio and muscle lipid level of cultured ayu overlapped with those of the wild ayu.
Fatty acid composition of muscle triglycerides was compared between cultured and wild ayu. According to muscle lipid level and fatty acid composition, the ayu could be divided into two groups. One group consisted mainly of the samples obtained from cultured ayu, and the other group from wild ayu. However, there were samples in the cultured ayu which could be categorized to the wild fish group.
The results show the possibility that technical advancement will enable us to reduce the IPF ratio and muscle lipid level of cultured ayu to the values of wild ayu.View full abstractDownload PDF (462K) -
Yasuhiro Funatsu, Ken-ichi Arai1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1973-1980
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrozen surimi from walleye pollack was ground with 2.5% NaC1 at various pHs in a range of 5.76-8.40, which were fixed by addition of dilute HC1 or NaOH. During setting of the salt-ground meat at 25°C, breaking strength and breaking strain were investigated as a function of time.
With the lapse of setting time, the breaking strength and breaking strain of the salt-ground meat both rapidly increased and reached their maximum plateau. The highest value was exhibited at pH 7.35 for the breaking strength and pH 6.5-7.6 for the breaking strain. The breaking strength and breaking strain both decreased with falling or rising of the pH from these values.
The mode and rate of cross-linking reaction of myosin heavy chain (HC) of the salt-ground meat depended notably on the pH for setting. At acidic pH, a large decrease in the amount of HC was accompanied by the formation of a relatively scarce amount of cross-linked myosin heavy chain (Σ HCn=HCn+HCn'+HCn") and unidentified components. In contrast, the decrease in HC with concomitant formation of Σ HCn were both suppressed under alkaline pH.
These results indicated that a neutral pH of the salt-ground meat was essential for the formation of Σ HCn in large quantitíes and a resulting contribution to elastic gel.View full abstractDownload PDF (746K) -
Jun-ichi Narihara, Yasuharu Morisue1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1981
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1197K) -
Masaru Kobayashi, Fuyuko Kanda, Hisao Kamiya1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1983
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (110K) -
S. Teshima, S. Yamasaki, A. Kanazawa, S. Koshio, H. Mukai, H. Hirata1991 Volume 57 Issue 10 Pages 1985
Published: 1991
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (98K)
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