日本水産学会誌
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
57 巻, 3 号
選択された号の論文の31件中1~31を表示しています
  • 西村 和紀, 安東 生雄
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 391-396
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to determine growth of algae attached on stones in a river, a direct measurement was developed. Attached algae (10×10cm) were collected from a stone, which was randomly selected in a river. Afterwards, it was kept in a stream for one day, being surrounded by wire netting to prevent a feeding by fishes. After incubation in a river, another sample (10×10cm) was collected from the stone. The difference between the two biomass was considered as algal growth for the period. As the algal growth varied for stones, the algal biomass and its growth were fitted to a logistic curve, and the theoretical maximum biomass and growth rates were calculated. In the Rivers Yakkan, Bansho and Tsue, biomass of attached algae were 15.7g/m2 (1985. July), 15.7g/m2 (1985. June, August) and 4.5-13.4g/m2 (1986. June, August, 1987. May, July, August), respectively, and the growth rates, 3.6g/m2/day (1985. July), 8.4, 1.7g/m2/day (1985. June, August) and 1.1-4.6g/m2/day (1986. June, August, 1987. May, July, August), respectively. Based on the theoretical value of maximum algae growth rate and the abundance of grazing marks of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis, the maximum capacity of a river for the growth of ayu was estimated: e. g. ayu would be able to grow up to 125g/m2 in the Tsue River in May 1987.
  • 神田 猛, 望岡 典隆, 若松 正
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 397-401
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two groups (Groups I and II) of pike conger leptocephali caught in Nobeoka Bay, Miyazaki Prefecture were raised to juveniles without feeding, and the juveniles just after metamorphosis were reared with feeding to explore the possibilities of culture of the fish using its sea-caught leptocephali.
    Rearing period was 90 days in Group I and 50 days in Group II. The fish were fed solely on minced squid flesh during the first 30 (Group I) or 20 (Group II) days, then on a mixture of minced squid flesh and assorted feed for freshwater eel during the next 30 (Group I) or 20 (Group II) days, and then solely on the assorted feed during the last 30 (Group I) or 10 (Group II) days. Survival was more than 80% during 70 days between the 20th and 90th day after the start of feeding in Group I and during the whole period of 50 days in Group II. The highest daily growth rate was 9.55% in Group I and water temperature was 23.9±0.6°C during the period (30-40th day after the start of feeding), and 8.19% in Group II and water temperature was 24.2±0.6°C during the period (the first 10 days).
    These results imply that culture of the pike conger using sea-caught leptocephali is possible if distribution and settlement of the latest stage of the leptocephali were made clear and enough catches were maintained.
  • 金 碩鐘, 今井 健彦, 菊川 浩行
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 403-408
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This study deals with the curvatures of weighted netting plane in flow field. Five simplified model nets are used in the experiment. These models are similar with respect to weight in water, but different in the distribution of tiny spherical lead weights on the netting plane and leadline. The average netting densities (ρ) of five model nets are 0.91g/cm3 for A net. 1.14g/cm3 for B net, 1.38g/cm3 for C net, 1.70g/cm3 for D net and 2.10g/cm3 for E net. The experimental flow velocities are set to be 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35, 40, 45 and 50cm/s.
    A differential equation is derived from the kinetic equilibrium of the weighted model nets and determines the velocity dependence of the curvature.
    The results are as follows:
    1) When the velocity is less than 20cm/s, curvatures are the largest for the smallest netting density.
    2) In all flow velocities, depth of the leadline is the largest for the smallest netting density.
    3) The calculated curvatures agree closely with the measured curvatures.
  • 木白 俊哉, 中園 明信
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 409-415
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Seasonal patterns of larval settlement were studied in the temperate wrasse Halichoeres tenuispinis at Tsuyazaki, Fukuoka Prefecture, Japan, during the period from July through November, 1987. The “settlers” (juveniles smaller than 15mm TL) started to appear on the rocky reef in late July and increased in number suddenly in early August, attaining more than 600 individuals within the transect (100m2). The number decreased in late August and the “juveniles” (15-40mm TL) increased their number in turn. Otolith (sagitta) marking with a fluorescent substance in “juveniles” revealed that the increments are formed daily. Hatched larvae had a clear hatching check in the otoliths. By counting increments exterior to the hatch check in 101 specimens collected during the period from July 27 to September 7, 1987, an equation In Y=0.023X+1.782, where Y=total length and X=number of increments, was obtained. It was estimated that the shortest duration of planktonic life in the present species is 26 days after spawning. Back calculated dates of birth of these specimens fell within a relatively short period from June 7 to July 25.
  • 中園 明信, Janny Dirk Kusen
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 417-420
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The sexual pattern of a commercially important labrid fish Choerodon azurio was studied using specimens collected along the northern coast of Kyushu, Japan. Seventeen specimens collected on April 19, 1990, ranged from 164 to 315 mm in standard length. Specimens of 285 mm SL and larger were males and those smaller were females. Males were distinguishable from females by the following external appearances, i.e. squarish forehead, wider black band running obliquely on the side, reddish pectoral fin, more prominent iridescent blue spots on the latter half of the body, and deeper blue color of forehead and at the margin of caudal fin. Histological examinations of the gonads revealed that all of 6 males in the sample had secondary testes. It was concluded that Choerodon azurio is a protogynous hermaphrodite as well as many other labrid species. Although no primary males occur in the present specimens, it is necessary to study a larger number of specimens before concluding whether the species is a monandric or diandric protogynous hermaphrodite.
  • 川村 軍蔵, 法花 正志, 荒牧 孝行, 新村 巌
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 421-424
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In a marine ranching project in Kagoshima Bay, HeNe-laser (633nm in wavelength) is planned to be used as measures of fish control. As eyes of marine fishes seem not sensitive to this wavelength of which attenuation is high in sea water, the capability of the red sea bream in detecting the laser beam was examined electrophysiologically. While a low sensitivity of the fish eye to the light was indicated by S-potential, the cardiac response of the fish to the visual stimuli of the laser beam, in sea water with suspended substances of 3ppm, revealed a very low thoreshold; 15-8.6μW in 300lx, 2.8μW in 10lx, and 0.24-0.14μW in total dark. The results showed that the capability of the fish in detecting the laser beam was much higher than the man's, and that the HeNe-laser could be used in the project.
  • 長谷川 英一, 小林 裕, 丹羽 宏
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 425-431
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to investigate the differences in retinomotor responses between pre- and post-midnight phases, the responses in chub mackerel angled under a fishing lamp and those in sardine caught by nighttime purse seining were examined.
    The adaptation ratio determined in the cone and pigment layers of chub mackerel indicated no direct relationship to illuminance at angling point, but showed a large variation.
    Chub mackerel were mostly angled at a light intensity ranging from 10-1 to 10-3 lx, and were angled more frequently in darker areas post-midnight than pre-midnight.
    The correlation between cone migration and pigment migtation was high previous to midnight, but was low subsequent to midnight. This tendency was observed in both species.
    If these results are due to circadian rhythms corresponding to retinomotor responses, operating time in lamp fishing operations should be considered in commercial endeavors.
  • 山元 憲一
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 433-437
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In other to develop a technique for monitoring the presence of agricultural chemicals in the aquatic environment, the effects of Cartap, MEP, MPP and Isoprothiolane on the gas exchange at the gills of the common carp were examined under irrigation for 60 min of the respiration chamber. Solutions of two-fold concentration of TLm value were employed. The effects of these chemicals appeared rapidly on the level of oxygen consumption, the minute volume of gill ventilation and the percent oxygen utilization at the gills. Furthermore, rapid and marked effects on the respiratory movement and oxygen pressure of the water in the opercular cavity (measured continuously) were additionally observed. But the effects were not observed on hematocrit value, hemoglobin concentration, pH, carbon dioxide content, oxygen content, oxygen capacity and oxygen saturation of the dorsal aortic blood.
  • 山崎 淳, 桑原 昭彦
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 439-446
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Horizontal distribution pattern and carapace size composition were derived for snow crab Chionoecetes opilio from data collected by long-line trap and Danish seine surveys conducted at 242-244m depth in the Japan Sea off Kyoto Prefecture in May 1990. Distinct difference in horizental distribution was noted between male and female crabs, while samplings were made at the same contour in depth. Estimates of dispersion of unit patchness for mature males ranged from 100 to 200m within a large schooling dispersion (600-1, 500m). Mature female crabs might dis-perse rather densely ranging from 100 to 300m within a large school dispersing over 1, 500m and immature females ranging from 100 to 300m within a large dispersion (400-900m). It is surg-gested that growth and/or maturation of snow crab may influence horizental distribution pattern, as well as seasonal aggregation.
    It was clearly showed that the carapace size compositions of crab were different between two catches by the trap and the Danish seine, which was mainly due to the differences in the frequency distribution of sub-legal male crab and mature female crab. The results showed that the trap has higher selectivity towards the large sub-legal crabs more than 80-90mm carapace width. Es-timated mean carapace width from two gears were 51.0, 67.6, 86.6, 106.9mm for males and 51.8, 68.7, 79.0mm for females.
  • 大富 潤, 清水 誠
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 447-451
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to examine the distribution of the spawning ground of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria in Tokyo Bay, sampling surveys with small bottom beam trawlers at 10 stations were carried out in 1987 and 1988.
    As was already reported, the percentage occurrence of mature females during a spawning season showed two peaks, the first one between April and May, and the second between July and August. In the first half of the spawning season including the first spawning peak, the main spawn-ing ground was almost limited in the area deeper than 30m. Most of mature females were above 2 years old. In the latter half of the spawning season including the second peak, the main spawning ground extended towards the southeastern shallower area of the bay and females above 1 year old matured. At around the second peak of the spawning, it seems that the formation of the main spawning ground is influenced by yearly fluctuation in north-south gradient of bottom DO in summer.
  • 李 春雨, 見上 隆克, 五十嵐 脩蔵, 山下 成治
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 453-458
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    This paper introduces a servo mechanism as a baiting machine controller. It is designed for improving performance during high speed shooting. This controller is intended to have quick and accurate responses with regard to position reference, as well as having small speed fluctuations resulting from torque disturbance. For the control algorithm, feedback and feedforward control is applied. The feedback control law consists of proportional plus integral feedback. In order to suppress speed fluctuations, feedforward control is introduced based on observer theory which estimates torque disturbance. This disturbance is mainly due to the cutting of bait. In this paper, we have examined two kinds of servo systems, one is the proportional plus integral feedback (PI) system, and the other adds this feedback to the feedforward (PI+FF) system. The baiting machine control system is realized by a micro-computer. Numerical and experimental results of the two systems indicate that the PI+FF control system exhibits smaller speed fluctuations and faster setting times than those obtained with PI control system alone.
  • 藤尾 芳久, Elisabeth von Brand, 小林 正裕
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 459-461
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to examine probable association of hatchability of eggs with the degree of heterozygosi-ty at isozyme coding loci in the cultured populations of the apple snail Pomacea canaliculata, two loci of Lap-2 and Lap-3 linked each other, both coding leucine aminopeptidases, were selected for the progeny test.
    A series of observations on frequency distributions of hatchability from each egg lump ex-hibited a two modal distribution, indicating the apparent associations of lower and higher modal values with the degrees of combined heterozygosities of 0.5 and 0.75 at the two loci examined re-spectively. This result suggests an apparent advantage of heterozygotic pairs of the chromosomes in hatchability.
  • 木村 廣美, 斎藤 隆英, 水野 治夫, 小川 廣男, 望月 義範, 陶山 好夫, 磯 直道
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 463-466
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The rheological properties of salted jellyfish were examined by stress-relaxation measurement and rupture strength measurement. The samples used in this work were 6 kinds of salted jellyfish imported from southeast Asia. Differences between the rheological properties was not recognized between these samples. The texture of the samples depended on the heating temperature and the standing time in water. Namely, the elastic modulus of the sample standing in water increased in the first 2 days, and then decreased. Both values of elastic modulus and viscosity rose steeply at 50°C or 60°C. On the contrary the rupture strength increased with heating temperature from 30°C to 50°C, and then fell at 60°C. The results mainly come from the shrinkage of collagen in jellyfish and the destruction of tissue with peeling of the layer structure.
  • 竹内 俊郎, 渡邊 教美, 雍 文岳, 渡邉 武
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 467-473
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Two feeding experiments were conducted to detect any essential fatty acids (EFA) deficiency and clarify EFA requirement of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella by feeding diets containing various fatty acids.
    The fish fed diet without EFA (fat-free and 12:0 alone diets) showed high percentages of vertebral column curvature (VCC) which exhibited an upward displacement of the column at the region of the 12-15th vertebrae from the caudal end, indicating lordsis. At a 1% level of dietary n-6 or n-3 fatty acids, the diet containing 18:3n-3 performed better than that containing 18:2n-6. However, a higher percentage of the VCC was still observed in the fish fed the 1% 18:3n-3 diet, sug-gesting that 18:3n-3 inspite of its positive role on growth, could not prevent the occurrence of VCC. On the other hand, the addition of 1% 18:2n-6 to the diet completely prevented the appearance of the VCC. The highest weight gain and feed efficiency were observed in the fish fed the diet con-taining pollock liver oil plus corn oil or soybean oil mixture. Next in performance came the fish fed both 1% 18:2n-6 and 1% 18:2n-3 or 0.5% n-3HUFA diets. The ratios of 20:3n-9 to 22:6n-3 and 20:3n-9 to 20:4n-6 in polar lipid fractions of hepatopancreas showed less than 0.4 and 0.6 when fish fed the diet containing both 1% n-6 and 0.5 or 1% n-3 fatty acids.
    This experiment clearly indicated that VCC is one of the EFA-deficiency symptoms, and also suggested that the requirement of grass carp for dietary n-6 and n-3 fatty acids is found to be 1% and 0.5-1%, respectively.
  • 杉山 圭吉, 江川 真, 恩塚 博, 大場 健吉
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 475-479
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to develop a protein material that is soluble and highly nutritious, fish protein hydrolysates (FPH) were prepared from defatted sardine meal by enzymic treatment using various proteases including three alkaline, two neutral and three acid ones.
    Ability to solubilize protein was compared among these proteases, and tryptophan content, bitterness and molecular weight distribution of each FPH were evaluated as indicies to quality.
    The results showed that all the alkaline proteases had higher ability to solubilize protein compared with neutral and acid ones. FPH prepared with alkaline proteases had higher tryptophan content and lower molecular weight than those prepared with neutral and acid ones. Especially, FPH prepared with alcalase or actinase, which were alkaline proteases, had weaker bitteness than other FPH.
    Furthermore, it was found that FPH prepared with alcalase followed by treatment with synthetic adsorbents or peptidases had much weaker bitteness.
  • Susana F. Baldia, 西島 敏隆, 畑 幸彦
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 481-490
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The effects of physico-chemical factors and nutrients on the growth responses of Spirulina platensis isolated from Lake Kojima (K-2 strain) were determined. The optimum conditions for growth were the following: light intensity of 2, 500-10, 000 lx, pH 6.5-9.0, 30 to 35°C temperature and 0-7.6% of chlorinity. S. platensis (K-2 strain) requires no vitamins for growth essentially. However, growth enhancement was observed with vitamin B12 among the B-group vitamins tested. Likewise, hormones such as kinetin and giberellin exhibited stimulatory effect on growth. The alga could utilize inorganic and organic phosphorus sources. Values on the different growth parameters for orthophosphate, β-glycerophosphate, adenosine diphosphate, and phosphocreatine were comparatively similar; half-saturation constant, maximum growth rate, minimum cell quota and level for saturated growth yield were about 0.01-0.02mg P/l, 0.8/day, 0.1-0.2pg P/cell, and 0.4-0.7mg P/l, respectively.
  • 邱 思魁, 松居 隆, 鴻巣 章二
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 491-494
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    In order to understand the mechanism of a remarkable increase of free amino acids during the processing of dried mullet roe, hydrolyzing activities of various enzyme extracts from the fresh roe toward α-aminoacyl β-naphthylamides and α-N-benzoyl-DL-arginine β-naphthylamide as well as the effects of monoiodoacetic acid, puromycin, and EDTA on the hydrolyzing activities were ex-amined. The results obtained indicated the existence in the roe of at least a few soluble amino-peptidases, cathepsin H-like enzyme, and more than two kinds of insoluble peptidases.
  • 渡邉 武, Juadee Pongmaneerat
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 495-501
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The quality of four kinds of animal protein source (white fish meal, brown fish meal, meat meal, and meat & bone meal) was evaluated on the basis of weight gain, protein digestibility, PER, NPU, and BV in rainbow trout. Four feeding experiments were con-ducted for 20days with diets containing one of these ingredients as the sole protein source at different protein levels in addition to a non-protein diet. Relatively, high values of protein digestibility of white fish meal (92%), brown fish meal (90%), and meat meal (91%) were obtained; meat & bone meal (78%) alone being slightly low. The nutritional quality of brown fish meal is almost comparable to that of white fish meat. The values for PER, NPU, and BV of these fish meats were found to be higher than meat meal and meat & bone meal; increasing with decreasing dietary protein levels in contrast to meat meal and meat & bone meal. These results have demonstrated that brown fish meal is as good as white fish meal in its nutritional value but meat meal and meat & bone meal performs lower probably due to their poor amino acid profile.
  • Juadee Pongmaneerat, 渡邉 武
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 503-510
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The study was undertaken to determine the nutritive value as protein source in carp diet of white fish meal, meat meal, meat & bone meal, and corn gluten meal. Four feeding trials were conducted using juvenile carp with body weight ranging from 3 to 5g by maintaining them on diets in which the ingredients were incorporated as sole protein source at different levels. Apparent digestibility, PER, NPU, and BV were determined.
    The apparent protein digestibilities were 54% for meat & bone meal, 87% for white fish meal meal and 95% for corn gluten meal. The values for PER, NPU, and BV at various protein levels were highest in white fish meal and lowest in corn gluten meal. These values of meat meal were higher than those obtained with meat & bone meal, excluding BV that was higher in meat & bone meal than meat meal because of the lower protein digestibility value. The low values of protein utilization of meat meal, meat & bone meal, and corn gluten meal are attributed to their poor amino acid profiles.
  • 星野 保, 小椋 辰雄, 岡野 一彦, 猪上 徳雄, 信濃 晴雄
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 511-515
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Conditions of lipase production by Aspergillus oryzae IFO-4202 were studied by solid media, such as sardine meal with added soluble starch and boiled rice for “Koji” substrate, and liquid media modified Czapek-Dox medium. The localization of lipase in cells was also investigated.
    When the “koji” was prepared from the sardine meal with added soluble starch, A. oryzae preferentially utilized the added soluble starch rather than lipid of sardine meal. Since the lipase activity increased with a decrease of soluble strach content, it was indicated that A. oryzae utilized the lipid contained in the sardine meal at the period.
    Lipase activity in the liquid media with olive oil was repressed with glucose, whereas the activity appeared markedly in the presence of 5-10% olive oil without glucose. Under the latter conditions, it was shown that both intracellular lipase and extracellular lipase were induced by lipid.
    It was suggested that the intracellular lipase was a cell superficial enzyme localized in periplasm at the earlier stage of cultivation, stayed there for a definite period (10-12h), and was then released the outside of cells as extracellular enzyme.
  • 水野 治夫, 磯 直道, 斎藤 隆英, 小川 廣男, 沢入 秀美, 斎藤 美奈
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 517-519
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Hyaluronic acid was isolated from yellowfin tuna eyeball. Electrophoretic behavior of the hyaluronic acid confirmed to that of authentic hyaluronic acid. The hyaluronic acid obtained here almost digested by hyaluronidase.
    The intrinsic viscosity was 10.85dl/g. The viscosity average molecular weight calculated from the intrinsic viscosity was 5.6×105. The sedimentation constant in 0.5M NaCl solution was 7.9S. The value of the intrinsic viscosity and the molecular weight were similar to that of hyaluronic acid (fraction V) fractionated from bovine viterous body by Laurent et al. The sedimentation constant of our fish hyaluronic acid was larger than that of their bovine hyaluronic acid.
  • 豊原 治彦, 佐々木 和夫, 木下 政人, 志水 寛, 坂口 守彦
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 521-525
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The serums of rainbow trout, Amago salmon, crucian carp, and calf showed inhibitory effects on modori-inducing proteinase (MIP) purified from threadfin-bream muscle, while the inhibitory activities per ml serum were diverse among the different individuals of the same species. In addition, the inhibitory activity seemed to be also changeable according to the physiological condition in the same species. Taking into consideration the practical use and the high content of the inhibitory activity, calf serum was used for the further study of the MIP inhibitor(s). When calf serum was chromatographed on a column of Ultrogel AcA 34, three distinct MIP inhibitors were detected. The molecular weights of these inhibitors were estimated to be more than 500, 000, 58, 000, and less than 15, 000, respectively. The former two inhibitors were supposed to be α2-macroglobulin and α1-proteinase inhibitor, respectively, while the 15, 000-dalton inhibitor seemed to be specific for MIP as far as examined. These inhibitors lost their inhibitory activities by heating at 100¢C, but fairly stable around modori-occurring temperature, at 50-70¢C.
  • 坂上 ハツ子, 伊勢田 淳子, 藤森 嶺, 原 慶明, 千原 光雄
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 527-533
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Comparative investigation on characteristic volatile constituents of the marine green algae by capillary GC and GC-MS showed the following:
    (1) Hexahydrofarnesyl acetone was identified as a characteristic volatile compound in the marine green algae.
    This compound was not detected in other marine brown algae and red algae, we in-vestigated.
    (2) Hexadecanoic acid, tetradecanoic acid, and phytol were identified as the common main volatile compounds in the marine algae.
  • 塚正 泰之, 志水 寛
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 535-540
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    The salt-ground meat sols prepared from Alaska pollack and Clupeiformes species are known to set accompanying with closs-linking by covalent bond between myosin heavy chain (MHC), which is supposed to be catalyzed by transglutaminase (TGase) in their muscle. However, TGase activity has recently detected aso in Pacific mackerel and carp muscle, which sols are known to set not through covalent bonding between MHC. So, we presumed the existence of some other factors acting as trigger of TGase, and ascertained that one of those is the concentration of calcium necessary to activate TGase and the other is heat susceptibility of MHC, because unfolding of MHC around 30°C makes TGase possible to catalyze ε-(γ-Glu) Lys bridge between MHC.
  • 黄 奎喆, 潮 秀樹, 渡部 終五, 岩本 宗昭, 橋本 周久
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 541-548
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Carp were acclimated to 10 and 30°C, and examined for rigor mortis progress, along with ATP and creatine phosphate degradation and lactate accumulation, during storage at 0, 10, and 20°C. Rigor mortis progress and related biochemical changes were slower with the cold-acclimated than with the warm-acclimated carp during storage at 0 or 10°C, and vice versa at 20°C. Myofibrillar Mg2+- ATPase activity was higher with cold-acclimated than with warm-acclimated carp irrespec-tive of reaction temperature. Ca2+ uptake rate of sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) from cold-ac-climated carp was higher than that from warm-acclimated one at reaction temperatures of 0 and 10°C, whereas, both groups did not exhibit any significant difference from each other at 20°C. Therefore, differences in rigor mortis progress during storage at 0 or 10°C between the cold- and warm-acclimated carp could have resulted from a slower Ca2+ uptake by SR of the warm-acclimat-ed carp at these storage temperatures, whereas differences at 20°C could be attributed to a higher myofibrillar Mg2+-ATPase activity with the cold-acclimated carp.
  • 上野 隆二, 宇野 和明, 加藤 昌則, 窪田 三朗, 青木 恭彦
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 549-554
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    A high performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method for simultaneous determination of sulfamonomethoxine (SMMX), sulfadimethoxine (SDMX), and their N4-acetylated forms in fish tissues was developed.
    The sulfa drugs and their N4-acetylated forms extracted from samples were adsorbed on Sep-Pak Alumina B cartridge and eluted with 20ml of 70% acetonitrile. The eluate was evaporated to dryness. The residue was dissolved in 30% acetonitrile. The solution obtained was analyzed by HPLC. The chromatographic conditions were as follows: analytical cloumn, YMC-Pack C18; mobile phase, 0.05M phosphate buffer, pH 2.5-acetonitrile (65:35); wavelength, 265nm.
    The average recoveries of SMMX, SDMX, and their N4-acetylated forms from serum, muscle, liver, kidney, and bile of rainbow trout were more than 80%. Their coefficients of variation were 1.1-6.0%. The detection limits for serum, muscle, liver, and kidney were 0.05ppm, and that for bile. was 0.1ppm.
  • 吉水 守, 佐見 学, 小原 昌和, 山崎 隆義, 木村 喬久
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 555-560
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Infectivity of the infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) was measured by molecular filtration method. Before filtration, beef extract was added to the water (0.01%) and the condenced water was sterilized with 0.45μm filter pretreated with 1% FBS. Virus infectivity of IHNV in non-irradiated river water was 0.56TCID50/l and U.V, irradiated water was less than 0.32TCID50/l. Infectivity of the IHNV in the pond water where there was an IHN outbreak, was measured 5.60TCID50/l. Two groups of 1, 000 rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (body weight 0.11g), were cultured in 45l of aquarium, to use the river water and U.V. irradiated river water. U.V. dosage was 6.0 to 10.0×103μW⋅sec/cm2. Cumulative mortality of these 2 groups of the fish observed 25 days as 99.7% in river water and 3.9% in U.V. irradiated river water
  • 鄭 甫泳, 大島 敏明, 小泉 千秋
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 561-570
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
    Changes in alkenyl, alkyl, and acyl chain compositions of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) and phosphatidylcholine (PC) subclasses of Japanese oyster Crassostrea gigas (Thunberg) during frozen storage were investigated. During storage at -20°C for up to 12 months, the alkenylacyl- and diacyl-PE, major constituents of PE, decreased to 82.1% and 71.2%, respectively, of their initial contents (96.9mg/100g and 53.0mg/100g total wet organic tissues, respectively). In the case of PC homologues, the diacyl-PC was the major constituent, of which content decreased to 54.7% of its initial contents (244mg/100g) during storage. The diacyl-PC and -PE were lost more rapidly than the alkenylacyl- and alkylacyl-PC and -PE. In the alkenylacyl- and alkylacyl-PE and -PC, percentages of relatively shorter alkenyl or alkyl chains such as 14:0 and 16:0 or 18:0 on the sn-1 positions of glycerol moieties decreased at higher rate than those of the corresponding longer chains such as 18:0 and 20:1. In the alkenylacyl-PC, alkylacyl-PE (or-PC), and diacyl-PE (or-PC), the shorter acyl chains on the sn-2 positions were lost more rapidly than the longer and polyunsaturated fatty chains such as 20:5n-3, 22:6n-3, and 22:2 non-methylene interrupted diene (NMID) did. In the case of alkenylacyl-PE, loss of 20:5n-3 occurred at highest rate among the prominent aryl chains on the sn-2 position. These changes in fatty chain compositions seemed to be due to both oxidation and enzymatic hydrolysis of the PE and PC homologues.
  • 上西 由翁, 平山 直美, 西元 諄一
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 571
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 木村 凡, 村上 正忠, 藤沢 浩明
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 573
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
  • 田畑 伸幸, 境 正, 藤井 一則
    1991 年 57 巻 3 号 p. 575
    発行日: 1991年
    公開日: 2008/02/29
    ジャーナル フリー
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