NIPPON SUISAN GAKKAISHI
Online ISSN : 1349-998X
Print ISSN : 0021-5392
ISSN-L : 0021-5392
Volume 57, Issue 8
Displaying 1-31 of 31 articles from this issue
  • 1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1416
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: April 21, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Eiji Tanaka, Syoiti Tanaka, Akira Hasegawa
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1417-1426
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    This paper proposes a simulation model on the selection of fishing areas for groups of coastal fishermen under the condition of the competition principle for the sake of examining the effectiveness of stock management. Principal assumptions are that fishermen have sufficient knowledge of the geographic distributions of stock abundance and that biological parameters are constant. The geographic distributions of effort are simulated by repeating the following two calculations. The first is that the effort of the groups are distributed according to the rule that fishermen operate in the most profitable area, by using the theoretical CPUE in value and cost. The second is that decreases of stock size in areas for the mortality are calculated by Beverton and Holt's model. Fishing mortality coefficient, stock sizes and catch are calculated after the simulation. This model is applied to the data of a coastal trawl fisheries that mainly catches flatfish. From the results, the value of the correlation coefficient between the data and the result of simulation for annual number of hauls is 0.752 (significant at 5% level). Furthermore, the effectiveness of some stock managements are compared from the applications of the model. The factors related to the fishermen's selection and the modifications of the model are discussed.
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  • Kiyoshi Yoshihara, Naoto Okumoto, Toshio Shikama, Saburo Oda, Hisao Is ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1427-1435
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Seasonal changes in the body length composition of hime salmon and its recruitment time as fishing resources in Lake Chuzenji were examined on the basis of results of experimental fishing performed 13 times every odd month from March in 1985 to March in 1987. Throughout the whole examination periods, from January to May, a mode of body length was recognized in 25cm to 26cm mainly, although small number of smaller or larger fishes were caught up. However, the frequency of the appearance of small fishes started to increase in July and the mode was shifted to 18 to 19cm. In November, large-sized fishes with the body length of 28cm or more ascended a stream for spawning and disappeared from the lake or were remained in a small number. It can be assumed that the recruitment into the fishing ground as fishing resources starts mostly in May when fishes grow into certain size with the main group having 18 to 19cm of body length, thus filling the space left after the ascending.
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  • Yoshihiko Nakamura, Yoshihiro Kurita, Yutaka Matsunaga, Saburo Yanagaw ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1437-1443
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The luminance and the spectral luminance from different snood materials in tuna longline fishing were measured to compare their optical characteristics with the background luminance constant. The luminance variation coefficient and inherent contrast of the zinc-plated wire were several times larger than that of nylon monofilament. The volumes of stimulation strengths reaching the tuna eye from nylon monofilament and red-colored wire smaller than those from zinc-plated and blue-colored wire were computed using spectral luminance reflectance, spectral irradiance and tuna spectral sensitivity. Since fish detect the presence of fishing gear by visual sense, it is considered that differences in optical characteristics between snood materials should have an effect on the tuna catch rate.
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  • Yasuhiro Ueno
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1445-1452
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Tagging experiments were conducted on mature chum salmon Oncoryhnchus keta along the coast of Iwate Prefecture, Japan each fall from 1981 to 1986. Of the 3, 440 individuals tagged, about 38% were recaptured. Tags were recovered from the area extending from off the coast of Chiba Prefecture on the Pacific side of Japan to off the coast of Yamagata Prefecture on the Japan Sea side through the Tsugaru Strait. However, about 97.5% of the fish were recaptured in the coastal waters and rivers of Iwate Prefecture. Distribution of recoveries showed that a large number of the salmon entering northern coastal waters of Iwate Prefecture, and a large part of them migrated to the middle and southern coastal waters of this Prefecture, while only a samll number migrated to the Japan Sea. In addition, only a small return to the coastal waters between Miyagi and Chiba Prefecture were believed to pass through the water front of Iwate Prefecture. The periods between release and recapture and daily movements were also estimated from tag recoveries.
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  • Takeshi Yamane, Hideyuki Nishinokubi
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1453-1456
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    We studied the changes in mesh shapes, using simple models made of knotted and knotless nettings, to present basic data for mesh deformation. The models, the framed plane nets, were submerged parallel to the waves in a channel device. At one end of the upper corners of the model, two small load cells connected to a data recorded were used to measure the fluid force actting on the model. The motion of the framed plane nets was recorded by a video camera at 30 frames/sec. The vertical and horizontal displacements of the models were measured with a digitizer. The displacements of the models were affected by the fluid force, but the changes in the mesh openings were not proportional to the extent of displacement of the model. The results suggest that the changes in mesh opending are not affected by the kind of knot under the experimental conditions used here.
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  • Hiroaki Hashimoto, Kenji Gushima, Shunpei Kakuda
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1457-1462
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The age and growth of the labroid fish Halichoeres poecilopterus from the Seto Naikai were estimated by examining the scales based on the specimens collected from the Seto Naikai from 1981 to 1984. With respect to the results of our study, one annulus of each scale is formed once a year in the hibernating period from January to April. This species spawns in early summer from late June to July, based on the temporal fluctuation in gonad index of the female. At the age of 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 years old, the fishes are 61, 86, 106, 124 and 140mm in standard length, respectively, as estimated by the marginal growth indices. The general growth of the fish is presented by the following formula described by BERTALANFFY:
    Lt(mm)=234.8{1-e-0.151(t-0.986)}.
    The length(mm)-weight (g) relationship of this species is given by the formula, W=4.886×10-6L3.280. Consequently the asymptotic weight is estimated as 291.6g.
    The mean standard length of the immature yearlings collected in December, 1983 and 1984, were 42.4 and 42.3mm, respectively. The back-calculated standard lengths of yearling fishes in early summer are expected to be 44.7mm in December. The back-calculated standard lengths of the yearling are almost equal to their actual standard length.
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  • Kaworu Nakamura, Takuji Okumura, Katsumi Aida
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1463-1468
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Histological and biochemical studies were conducted in order to ascertain whether the ventral gland in the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus is the Y organ homologue or not. The location of the ventral gland was determined histologically. This gland existed as a hypertrophied strip of epidermis situated exterior to the coxopodite of the scaphognathite in the anterior branchial chamber. Glandular cells at premolt stage possessed extremely expanded mitochondria with tubular cristae. Smooth surfaced endoplasmic reticulum was observed to be poorly distributed. Ventral glands excised from intermolt and premolt individuals were incubated in vitro for 6h. Samplings were conducted at 1-hour intervals, and ecdysteroid quantities secreted were quantified by RIA. Ecdysteroid secretion was observed to continue for 6h in vitro. The amount released over 6h period was 193±40ng/g tissue and 61±16ng/g tissue in premolt and intermolt prawns, respectively. In order to identify the ecdysteroid secreted, the medium was analyzed by HPLC-RIA. Im-munoreactivity was observed at positions equal to ecdysone, 20-hydroxyecdysone-22-acetate and 2-deoxy-20-hydroxyecdysone.
    Theseresults indicate that the ventral gland in the kuruma prawn is the homologue to the Y organ.
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  • Shin-ichi Yokoyama, Tatsuaki Maeda, Toyomi Takahashi, Toshikuni Nakata ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1469-1476
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Temporal changes in gonadsomatic index (GSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), condition factor (K) and stomach content index (SCI) have been examined to reveal the annual life cycle of adult female and male Hippoglossoides dubius in Funka Bay from 1985 to 1988.
    The spawning season was from January to April. H. dubius dominated the near shore and hardly took any food in this season. The spawning ground was formed at a 30-60m depth in the coastal area from the northern inner part to the southern middle part of the bay. Seasonal changes in the condition factor suggest that somatic growth occurs from May to October in males and from April to October in females.
    The active feeding season was from May to July. H. dubius migrated to the southern middle part of the bay, which is probably their feeding ground. It seems that they migrated there according to their degree of food requirement. The inactive feeding season was from August to November. H. dubius concentrated in the deepest area where the cold bottom water remained (less than 7°C).
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  • Kazuo Fujino, Katsutoshi Arai, Masahiro Kudo, Toru Suzuki, Masaharu Ma ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1477-1485
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A series of observations on the early stages of developmental processes and application of genome manipulation technologies in the abalone Haliotis diversicolor diversicolor have made it pos-sible to induce successfully tripoid animals in the species. The present paper analysed the relation-ships of genotypes between the parents and their diploid and triploid offspring sib populations thus induced to estimate rate of gene-centromere recombination at the four loci coding isozymes: phos-phoglucose isomerase, malic enzyme, leucine-aminopeptidase, and malate dehydrogenase in the species and compared the estimates with those in Haliotis discus hannai reported before.
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  • Koichi Fukada, Hiroshi Maéda, Koji Shirata
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1487-1493
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    A fishing information system to estimate the level of catch prior to starting the actual operation is the key to realizing efficient operation planning. The vertical distribution of water temperature is one of the most probable factors having a close relationship to the level of catch. In the present report, the condition for a good catch was established as a yield of 3, 000 squids per operation. 50 stations were selected from 416 jigging station records during the period from 1982 to 1988 in the Japan Sea. The vertical distributions of water temperature were computer-processed into digital images, and their similarities to each other were calculated. The characteristics among the digital images of good catches were examined by the group average method of cluster analysis.
    As a result, 41 digital images out of 50 of good catches were grouped into 16 small clusters of mutually high intra-cluster similarity, and then into 3 large ones which had a relation to the area division in the Japan Sea. 6 clusters consisted of the stations in the same area within 30 calendar days. 5 were of the same area in different years but within 30 calendar days. 3 were of the same area but different years and extending over more than 30 calendar days. Only 2 were of different years in the different areas.
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  • Kazuyuki Teshima, Taina Honkalehto, Taku Yoshimura
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1495-1499
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Maturity condition of pelagic walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma in the winter Aleutian Basin was examined from GSI (gonadosomatic index) changing trend and observations of gonads collected through midwater trawl samplings conducted during December, 1988 to February, 1989. Throughout the whole survey period female GSI values increased gradually and rapidly reached the highest level around late February while those of males remained unchanged. Spawning female and spermatozoa-releasing male pollock occurred during late February in the southeastern waters of the Aleutian Basin. Assuming that pollock migrate eastward in the Aleutian Basin during winter and spawn in the southeastern Aleutian Basin, spawning was suggested to begin late in February in 1989.
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  • Kei'ichiroh Iguchi, Fuminari Ito, Kazumasa Ikuta, Motoyoshi Yamaguchi
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1501-1505
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Sexual dimorphism in the anal fin of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis was studied by serial sampling of ayu. Changes in the shape of the anal fin were triggered by sexual maturation in both sexes; however, secondary sexual characteristics developed drastically in males while they did so incon-spicuously in females. The anal fin base became larger in both sexes during sexual maturation, but grew much faster in males than in females, and consequently males have larger anal fin bases than females. Secondary changes in the anal fin height occur only in males, and the change is negative, and consequently females have larger anal fin height than males. The relationship between the shape of the anal fin and the sex hormone levels in diploid and triploid ayu suggested that the development of secondary sex characteristics in the anal fin of ayu is controlled by androgens.
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  • Toshihiro Nakai, Koh-ichiro Mori, Kiyokuni Muroga, Takayuki Mekuchi
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1507-1510
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    The first occurrence of “viral epidermal hyperplasia” of Japanese flounder larvae was recorded in Hiroshima Prefecture in 1985, and since then the same disease has been prevailing in hatchery-reared flounder in various districts of Japan. In the present study, we applied fluorescent antibody technique (FAT) to the disease as a diagnostic procedure. Electron microscopy and transmission experiments revealed that 4 out of 5 cases examined were due to viral epidermal hyperplasia. FAT test, using a rabbit antiserum against virus particles collected from epithelial cells of affected flounder larvae, exhibited a positive reaction on only the epidermis of the fish in the above 4 epizootics. Thus, the FAT method proved to be useful for rapid diagnosis of the present disease.
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  • Koji Inoue, Shinya Yamashita, Noriko Akita, Toru Mitsuboshi, Eizo Naga ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1511-1517
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Reporter genes, whose products are easily detectable, are useful to analyze activities of pro-moters in transgenic animals. We report the utilization of bacterial β-galactosidase gene as a re-porter of foreign gene expression in rainbow trout embryos and fry using a hisochemical detection method. We microinjected the plasmid pmiwZ containing β-galactosidase gene fused to an avian chimeric promoter, miw into fertilized eggs of rainbow trout obtained by inseminating unfertilized eggs from a female trout matured under the controlled photoperiod with cryopreserved milt and treated with glutathione. The promoter miw consists of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) long terminal repeat (LTR) and chicken β-actin promoter and its activity in trout was shown by transient chloram-phenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) assay on a trout cell line, before microinjection. The expression of pmiwZ in embryos and fry was detected histochemically 7 and 30 days after fertilization. In 7-day-old embryos, the introduced sequence was expressed mosaically in embryonic body and rarely in the cells out of the embryonic body. In the fry at 30 days after fertilization, the expression was tissue-specifically detected in the yolk sac. Thus, β-galactosidase reporter and its histochemical de-tection method fuctioned well in trout embryos and fry.
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  • Satoshi Yamamoto, Isamu Sanjyo, Ryozo Sato, Masakazu Kohara, Hideshige ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1519-1522
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    A hierarchical breeding design was used to estimate the heritability for resistance to infectious hematopoietic necrosis in reared rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. The juveniles were exposed to IHNV by a dipping method with doses of 102.55 and 103.55 TCID50/ml.
    The heritability (hs2) in 102.55 and 103.55 challenges were estimated to be 0.05 and 0.51, respectively. Resistance against the challenge with the higher dose could be increased by artificial individual selection because of high heritability. On the other hand, low mortality and heritability indicated that the resistance against the challenge with the lower dose could not be increased.
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  • Koichi Fukuda, Noboru Kato, Hisashi Ichikawa, Yukinori Nozaki, Yoshiak ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1523-1530
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Properties of gizzard shad which were stored at low temperature as raw material for fish jelly products were studied.
    From the viewpoint of gel-forming ability, this fish was classified into the group of easy-setting and easy-disintegrating fish such as sardines. Hunter whiteness of kamaboko obtained was about 20% less than that of white-meat fish such as Alaska pollack. The fish exhibited a strong gel-forming ability such as that of lizard fish.
    Gel-forming ability of the fish decreased to about 70% of the original ability during 12 days iced storage. The tolerant period of iced storage of the fish as material for fish jelly products was estimated to be about 10 days.
    Gel-forming ability of frozen fish meat was about the same as that of unfrozen fish meat. Minced fish meat stored at -25°C which was frozen after being washed with alkaline-salt solution showed fairly strong gel-forming ability even after a frozen storage period as long as 6 months, while the fish meat which was frozen after being washed with water had weak gel-forming ability.
    The gel-forming ability of the minced meat washed with alkaline-salt solution or water was found to be significantly correlated to total myofibrillar Ca-ATPase activity and the solubility of myofibrils in the minced meat which was stored on ice or frozen stored at -25°C. No such correlation was observed in the case of minced meat frozen stored at -50°C, even though alkaline-leaching was employed.
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  • Yukinori Nozaki, Hisashi Ichikawa, Yoshiaki Tabata
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1531-1537
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Changes in the state of water and ATPase activity during dehydration procedures of white croaker myofibrils were investigated in the presence of various amino acids by monitoring the desorption isotherm profile and myofibrillar Ca-ATPase activity. Amino acids were classified into four groups by their effect on myofibrillar Ca-ATPase inactivation; (1) amino acids exerting marked suppressive effect on inactivation such as Na-Glu and Na-Asp, (2) those exerting moderate suppressive effect such as Gly and Ala, (3) those exerting little or no effect on inactivation such as Val, Leu, and Ile, and (4) those accelerating the inactivation including hydrophobic amino acids. The addition of acidic amino acids exhibiting a remarkable suppres-sive effect on ATPase inactivation increased the content of monolayer and multilayer water adsorption of myofibrils.
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  • Itaru Ikeda, Hidetsuyo Hosokawa, Sadao Shimeno, Masahiko Takeda
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1539-1542
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The feeding stimulant activities of nucleotides-related and tryptophan-related componunds were tested on young jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus at concentrations of 1 and 5 mmol/100g dry diet, respectively. Effective doses of inosine 5'-monophosphate (IMP) and L-tryptophan (Trp) added to the diet on feeding activity were also examined.
    Of 33 compounds tested, IMP, guanosine 5'-monophosphate (GMP), uridine 5'-mono-phosphate (UMP), UDP, UTP, and Trp were effective. Hipoxanthine, nucleosides (inosine, adenosine, guanosine, uridine), nucleotides including adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP), ADP, ATP, IDP, ITP, GDP, GTP, xanthosine 5'-monophosphate, 3'-IMP, 3'-UMP, 2-deoxy-IMP, allyltio-IMP, and Trp-related compounds (D-Trp, DL-Trp, 5-hydroxy-Trp, 5-methyl-DL-Trp, tryptamine, 5-hydroxy-tryptamine, indolepropionic acid, indole-3-pyruvic acid, β-indolelactic acid, indole) were all ineffective. These results suggest that the molecular structure of 6-hydroxy-or 2-amino-6-hydroxy-purine riboside-5-phosphate is required for feeding stimulation toward jack mackerel, and that the activity of Trp was lost by a chemical modification of the molecule.
    The minimum concentrations of IMP and Trp needed to show the maximum effect were estimated as 0.8 and 5 mmol/100g dry diet, respectively.
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  • Kwan-Sik Jeong, Toshio Takeuchi, Takeshi Watanabe
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1543-1549
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    This study was conducted to examine whether the nutritional quality to red sea bream Pagrus major of carbohydrate ingredients in diets could be improved by extrusion processes. For this purpose juvenile red sea bream weighing 1.6 and 25g on average were fed diets with various gelatinized ratios (GR) which were adjusted by combining raw and gelatinized potato starch or rye at different levels (10, 25, and 35%) and proportions.
    Fish which were fed diets containing extruded ingredients showed higher weight gain, feed efficiency, and protein efficiency ratio than those on diets containing raw ingredients. Irre-spective of the ingredient, the dietary performances were found to be proportional to the GR of the diet and reached a virtual plateau at around 50% GR. The daily feed consumption was inversely related to GR, probably due to the increase in digestible energy content of the diets. On the other hand, crude protein and lipid contents in the whole body and muscle were increased by elevation of GR.
    Thus, availability of carbohydrate ingredients to red sea bream was found to be improved by the extrusion process and the GR of the diet should be at least 50% for optimal growth and feed efficiency of the fish.
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  • Akiko Yamada, Katsumi Takano, Ikuzo Kamoi
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1551-1557
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Two proteolytic enzymes designated as PA-3 and PB-3 were obtained from the intestine of Tilapia nilotica. These enzymes were purified by precipitation with ammonium sulfate and by chromatographies on trypsin inhibitor-Sepharose 4B, DEAE-cellulose, Polybuffer exchanger (PBE 94), and Sephadex G-100, up to the specific activity of 260 and 350-fold, respectively.
    PA-3 and PB-3 had molecular weights of 32, 000 and 21, 000, respectively, and showed the highest activity at 55°C and at a pH of 8.5-9.0. They were stable at pH 7.0-10.5 and below 50°C.
    The Km values for casein of two enzymes were calculated to be 0.03mg/ml.
    The effect of various inhibitors on enzyme activities was examined and as a result, it was presumed that PA-3 was a serine protease and that PB-3 was a cysteine protease.
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  • Hiroki Saeki, Fumio Hirata, Toru Oizumi, Ken-ichi Kawasaki, Michio Non ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1559-1563
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Highly nutritional fish meat for foodstuffs (HNFM) containing 0, 2, 5, 8, and 10% sorbitol was prepared from fresh sardine and stored at -10, -20, -30, and -50°C for eight months. Then, changes in the gel-forming ability of HNFM and in the intensity of the odor during frozen storage were investigated.
    During frozen storage at a temperature below -20°C for eight months, no significant change occurred in the gel-forming ability of HNFM whose sorbitol content was 5-10%. It was found that the freeze denaturation of myofibrillar protein in such HNFM was suppressed effectively. Moreover, the quantity of volatile compounds produced in HNFM and the intensity of the odor were little changed under frozen conditions.
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  • Toru Ota, Toru Takagi
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1565-1571
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Distribution of furan fatty acids (F acids) in the lipids of serum and sexual organs (eggs, spent ovaries, coelomic fluid, testes, sperm, and seminal plasma) of mature chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta were examined by gas-liquid chromatography.
    In the serum lipids, F acids were present only in sterol esters with about 10% of the total fatty acids, and no distinct differences in the F acid content by sex could be detected.
    In the lipids of the sexual organs, F acids were found only in the sterol esters of coelomic fluid and spent ovaries, while in the testes they could be found predominantly in triacylglycerols with small amounts (2.2%) in sterol esters and constituted 42.8% of total fatty acids.
    In the F acids found in each organ, F6, 12, 15-epoxy-13, 14-dimethyleicosa-12, 14-dienoic acid was most abundant, comprising 56.3-86.1% of total F acids.
    F acids were absent from the lipids of germ cells (eggs and sperm). From the present findings, it was suggested that F acids were not appreciably related to egg development following fertilization.
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  • Toshio Saito, Tamao Noguchi, Yasuo Shida, Tokiharu Abe, Kanehisa Hashi ...
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1573-1577
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Attempts were made to detect tetrodotoxin (TTX) and its derivatives in the following fish species which are phylogenically related to the family Tetraodontidae: spiny puffer “harisenbonDiodon holacanthus, sunfish “manbouMola mola, “uchiwafugu” puffer Triodon bursarius, “kawahagi” filefish Stephanolepis cirrhifer, and “umazurahagi” filefish Navodon modestus. The liver of each species did not show toxicity (<5MU/g) when assayed by the official method using mice. The liver was extracted with acidic methanol, and the TTX fraction was separated from the extract by the method consisting mainly of ultrafiltration and gel chromatography.
    In UV, HPLC, and GC-MS analyses, TTX fraction from spiny puffer showed anyhdroTTX, in addition to a small amount of TTX, which coincided with the phylogenically closest relationship of this species to the family Tetraodontidae.
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  • Chun-Ming Chang, Toshiaki Ohshima, Chiaki Koizumi
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1579-1585
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    Rice bran-fermented sardine, iwashi nukazuke, has been well known as one of the traditional fish products in Ishikawa Prefecture. In this study, lipid, free amino acid, and organic acid compositions of commercially available rice bran-fermented sardine were investigated.
    The pH value, moisture content, and NaCl content of the samples ranged from 5.4 to 5.5, from 43.9 to 45.4%, and from 12.2 to 14.1%, respectively. Lipids in the samples showed somewhat high POVs (16.8-22.1meq/kg) and TBA values (63.0-82.1mg/kg).
    Major organic acids were lactic and acetic acids, ranging from 443 to 528mg/100g and from 101 to 124mg/100g, respectively. Non-polar lipids (NL) were mainly composed of triglycerides and free fatty acids (FFA): both NL and polar lipids (PL) seemed to undergo enzymatic hydrolysis to release FFA. Major components of PL were phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine, in which percentages of polyenoic acids such as 20:5 n-3 and 22:6 n-3 were relatively high, suggesting that the samples underwent almost no oxidative rancidity during processing and/or storage. These results showed that the lipid deterioration which occurred in rice bran-fermented sardine during processing and/or storage might be attributed to enzymatic hydrolysis rather than oxidation.
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  • Katsuko Watanabe, Kazuhiro Nakamura, Katsumi Yamaguchi, Shoji Konosu
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1587-1589
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
    In order to know whether halocynine, a novel betaine discovered by us in the muscle of the ascidian Halocynthia roretzi, is endogenous or not, the incorporation of radioactivity into it was examined by injecting L-(U-14C)lysine into the muscle of ascidian specimens. Halocynine isolated from the muscle extract by ion-exchange column chromatography and cellulose thin layer chro-matography was found to be radioactive in the specimen which had been kept in aerated sea water for 10 days after the administration of radioactive lysine. However, the isolated halocynine exhibited only a very weak activity and no activity in the specimens kept for 90 and 60h, respec-tively. These results unequivocally indicate that the ascidian is capable of synthesizing halocynine, although the biosynthetic rate is very slow under the conditions employed.
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  • Kazunari Shiraishi, Kazuya Taniguchi, Kazuya Kurata, Minoru Suzuki
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1591-1595
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    The feeding deterrent activity of methanol extract from the brown alga Dilophus okamurai was examined on the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus nudus by a bioassay with a cellulose plate. Two cubebane-type diterpene alcohols obtained from the neutral fraction of the extract were the most active compounds. Spata-13, 17-dien-10-ol, one of the two spatane-type diterpenes with an inhibitory effect on the settlement and metamorphosis of the abalone veligers, exhibited moderate activity. These results shed light on part of the chemical defense of D. okamurai against herbivores.
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  • Edward Danakusumah, Shusaku Kadowaki, Hachiro Hirata
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1597
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
    JOURNAL FREE ACCESS
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  • Kaoru Komagata, Shuichi Kawarabayashi, Ren Kuwabara
    1991 Volume 57 Issue 8 Pages 1599
    Published: 1991
    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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    Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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