巻号一覧
58 巻, 1 号
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田中 栄次1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 1-7
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis paper proposes a stock mangement system to approach the catch level to MSY through the effort-catch control using the data of abundance indices. Dynamics of stock size is assumed to be relativelyindependent of environmental fluctuation and the basic model used for the dynamics is the surplus production one. The levels of the effort and catch quota are modified every three years using the indices for the difference between the stock levels at present and MSY. The approximated value of the first order derivative of the function of the surplus production is calculated from the data of abundance indices and is used for the indices. The conditions for the stable MYS point are obtained from the mathematical analysis of the local stability. The simulations using the Pella-Tomlinson model for the surplus production showed that the trajectory converged to MSY point or diverged, depending upon the local stability and initial conditions. The simulations with the stochastic data of the abundance indices indicated that the stock size and catch fluctuated widely, however, that the fluctuation was modified by the minor change of the system. The problems in the application and the modification of the system are discussed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (408K) -
木曾 克裕, 松宮 義晴1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 9-13
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the growth pattern of the fluviatile form masu salmon in the southern Sanriku district, a total of 342 individuals were collected from 1984 to 1989 at five rivers. One hundred and thirty-six males and 110 females of fluviatile form (including the individuals before differentiation into the sea-run and fluviatile forms) were sorted by body shape, coloration, fork length mode and histological observation of ovaries, and used for calculation. Age was determined on the basis of the scale pattern and fork length composition. Three general growth equations were calculated by the nonlinear least squares method using basic data on fork lengths by sex and months of age of the fluviatile form. The von Bertalanffy growth equation was selected as the most suitable one: male, Lt=21.93[1-exp{-1.003(t-0.1961)}], female, Lt=24.12[1-exp{-0.8210(t-0.1431)}], where Lt indicates the fork length in cm at age t (year). The fitness to growth equation was poor in old males and females. Males mature and die one year earlier than females. It seems that the process of maturation exerts an influence on the differences between the sexes on the growth pattern.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (295K) -
小沢 貴和, 柿添 太, 多部田 修, 前田 俊, 湯脇 泰隆1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 15-23
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe larval growth and drift of the Japanese eel were analysed with all of the leptocephali amountingto 109 to date. The relation between TL and collection dates of leptocephali was well expressed with von Bertalanffy and Gompertz equations. The birth date (late May) by the former equation was considered to be more appropriate than that by Gompertz because of the better fit of Bertalanffy equation to the growth of the larvae raised from artificially fertilized eggs. Within the area of leptocephali collection (115°-144°E, 10°-30°N), small size leptocephali were collected from the eastern and southern half (>130°E, <20°N) in June and July, most of medium size ones from the western and southern half in September, and large size ones exclusively from the western and northern half in November-January. Although there was a bias of collection efforts, this shift of collection areas was attributed to larval drift by the ocean surface currents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (584K) -
立原 一憲, 木村 清朗1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 25-28
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSpawning behavior of the landlocked ayu Plecoglossus altivelis altivelis was observed at five spawning grounds in Lake Ikeda. The spawning season of the ayu in the lake was from early October to late November, when the water temperature falled 18-23°C. Ayu spawned mainly at shore line shallower than about 30cm in depth and the substrate of redds were consisted of fine gravel (φ2-150mm). The number of spawned eggs, wind velocity and direction, and wave size at each spawning ground were measured daily from late September to early November. In most cases, spawning behavior appeared to commence with crosswinds. Spawning behavior was most frequently observed at a wind velocity of 4-5m/sec. These results suggest that crosswinds result in waves which trigger the onset of spawning behavior in landlocked ayu in Lake Ikeda.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (306K) -
三堀 友雄, 渡辺 尚彦1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 29-38
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFreezing time is an important factor in the design of an industrial freezing process for quality of fish, process productivity and economic reasons. A number of workers have compared freezing times experimentally with those predicted by mathematical models, with varying degrees of suc-cess. However, perfect agreement between the measured freezing time and that predicted does not occur. In this paper we propose a procedure for calculating the freezing time with a math-ematical model and which takes into account a temperature/position variable feature of effective thermal conductivity. In an attempt to assess the mathematical model proposed, experiments at considerably high freezing rates were performed using sodium chloride aqueous solution as sample material, since precise thermal data are available. The experimental apparatus used was a specially designed plate freezer which enabled us to assure the soundness of the conditions used in the math-ematical model. The results of experiment supported the mathematical model proposed.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (616K) -
山岡 耕作, 韓 炫燮, 谷口 順彦1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 39-44
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGenetic differentiation in Pseudocaranx dentex caught in Tosa Bay was studied by an eleetro-phoretic survey of 28 isozyme and protein loci. Genetic dimorphism was found among samples and the allele substitution was observed at two loci (SP-4* and SDH*). The genetic distance between them was 0, 095, falling within a range of differentiation at the species level. The number of vertebrae showed a clear difference between the two types, 25 vs. 24. These data suggest that an undescribed species might be included in P. dentex in Japan, and emphasize the need for a taxon-omical review of this species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (705K) -
秋山 清二, 有元 貴文, 井上 実1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 45-48
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe herding effect of an air bubble curtain was examined for jack mackerel Trachurus japonicus in a 2m wide annular trough set in an outdoor tank of 7m diameter. Sixteen air pipes were radially arranged on the bottom at the same interval. The bubbling position can be alternated in order by the valve switches which are connected to the air blower. Group of 10 fish swam away from the bubbling position, and were successfully herded by the position movement of the air bubble curtain to keep going around in the trough. The fish response was observed with varying bubbling intervals of 1, 2, 3, 5, and 10 seconds in daytime and nighttime. Bubbling intervals were equivalent to 7.9-79cm/s or 0.5-5.4 BL/s of the fith swimming speed. In the case of intercepting the trough by a sheet of netting or air bubble curtain, fish was herded toward the stationary barrier, and concentrated just in front of it.
This experimental result can be applied to the practical fish capturing methods, such as the set-net, by herding fish into the final trap without net hauling procedures.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (376K) -
信田 寛, 青木 宙1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 49-54
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe determined the complete nucleotide sequence of a cloned α-globin gene derived from the carp Cyprinus carpio. The sequence is 1193 nucleotides long and includes the presumptive 5' cap site as well as the poly (A) addition site of α-globin m-RNA. Highly conserved regions were identified in the 5' flanking region, the 5' non-coding region, the splicing site and the 3' non-coding region. The gene is encoded in three discontinuous segments of DNA interrupted by two interven-ing sequences, the first of which is 183 nucleotides long and occurrs between the Arg and Met codon at positions 31 and 32. The second intervening sequence, 107, nucleotides long, occurrs between the Lys and Ile condon at positions 101 and 102. The positions of the intervening sequences are similar to other eukaryotic genes, whereas their lengths are unusual.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1214K) -
石崎 宗周, 平石 智徳, 山本 勝太郎, 梨本 勝昭1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 55-61
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe auditory threshold of the black rockfish Sebastes schlegeli was determined by condition-ing method using a sound coupled with bait in a tank. The audio-singnals used were pure tones of 70 to 1400Hz. The mean size of the fishes used in this experiment was 6.53g in body weight and 75.3mm in body length. A positive response was defined by analyzing the swimming performance of the experimental fishes.
The fish learned to come to a feeding point in response to the stimulus sounds after 7 to 14 days training. The threshold in sound pressure was 90.6 dB (re 1μPa) at 100Hz which was most stimulative to the fish.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K) -
Deng-Fwu Hwang, Li-Chuan Lin, Sen-Shyong Jeng1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 63-67
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーParalytic toxicity was detected in the gastropod mollusk Niotha clathrata from Taiwan. The toxicity scores of specimens collected from Chiating, Kaohsiung Prefecture and Tungkang, Pingtung Prefecture in August 1989 were 13.1±5.9 and 7.9±4.0 (mean±S. E.) MU, respectively. The highest score was 107MU at Chiating and 40MU at Tungkang. The toxicity of specimens was not only detected in the digestive gland, but also detected in the other edible parts. The toxin was partially purified from toxic specimens of N. clathrata by ultrafiltration using a Diflo YM-2 membrane, followed by chromatography on a Bio-Gel P-2 column. Analyses by TLC, electrophoresis, and HPLC showed that the fraction I toxin of N. clathrata contained tetrodotoxin (TTX), and that the fraction II toxin was different from TTX and remained as an unidentified toxin.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (302K) -
Deng-Fwu Hwang, Ming-Rong Tsai, 吉田 多摩夫, Sen-Shyong Jeng1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 69-74
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAttempts were made to elucidate sublethal responses of Japanese eel Anguilla japonica exposed to feed to which BHT had been added. The Japanese eel were administered BHT sublethal levels such as 0.02-1.6% BHT in their diet for 12 weeks. The symptoms of liver enlargement were commonly found in the fish group fed diet with BHT. However, this symptom would be alleviated when the fish were switched to the BHT-free diet. The pathological symptoms in hepatocyte in-duced by BHT were observed under microscope. The lesions indicated that the enlarged hepato-cytes had hyperplasia, eosinophilia and, megalocytic hepatosis. The excretion of 14C-BHT in Japanese eel administered orally was also examined. The radioactivity was quickly distributed in the tissues at the beginning. The radioactivity was high in the bile of fish. 14C-BHT in the bile of fish increased with time, reached a maximum level at the 3rd day, and then decreased gradually.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1556K) -
北村 等, 北原 茂, 平山 和次1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 75-78
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーLipophilic extracts from the coralline alga Corallina pilulifera which induced settlement and metamorphosis of fully developed 8-armed larvae of Pseudocentrotus depressus and Anthocidaris crassispina, were found by a simple bioassay method. Benzene, ether, and methanol extracts from the alga also had an inducing effect. Column chromatography showed that simple lipids such as hydrocarbons, triglycerides, and free fatty acids were the inducers. Glycolipid and phos-pholipid did not induce settlement or metamorphosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (275K) -
松永 明信, 大泉 徹, 山本 敦, 川崎 賢一, 水上 英一1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 79-83
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe washing effect of minced fish muscle on the degradation of polyphosphates (PP) in the salted meat paste (SMP) during the setting process was studied. Surimi MWO-MW4 were made from minced Walleye pollack muscle by washing 0-4 times with a buffer solution (pH 7.5). Aliquots of the SMP MWO-MW4, which were mixtures of surimi MWO-MW4, NaCl, and tripolyphosphate (P3), were incubated at 20°C. Degradations of P3 and pyrophosphate (P2) in the SMP during the setting process were determined. In the SMP MWO, P3 was rapidly degraded to P2 and P2 thus formed was also rapidly degraded to orthophosphate. As the number of washing times increased, the degradation rates of both P3 and P2 slowed down and P2 became hard to be degraded in SMP MW2-MW4.
In order to determine the mechanism of this phenomenon, the amounts of tripolyphosphatase (P3ase), pyrophosphatase (P2ase) and magnesium (Mg) as an enzyme activator in surimi MWO-MW4 were measured. Along with the washings, P2ase and Mg were washed out from minced muscle, but P3ase was not. The decrease in Mg concentration suppressed P3ase activity in the SMP. Thus, repeated washing of minced muscle seemed to have an effect to degrade P3 and P2 in the SMP during the setting process.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (444K) -
丹羽 栄二, 辻本 宏治, 加納 哲1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 85-88
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe screening test of the kamaboko gel-strengthening effect was made with Na and Ca salts of polyuronides and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), in addition to cellulose. It was found that Ca salts of alginic acid, pectic acid, pectinic acid, and CMC increased the breaking force of kamaboko obtained from the surimi of Alaska pollack, whereas their Na salts except Na-pectinate did not. The increase in the breaking force induced by Ca-CMC disappeared by increasing its degree of sub-stitution of hydroxyl groups to carboxymethyl groups. Furthermore, fine particles of cellulose (400 meshes) increased the breaking force and breaking strain, and decreased the expressible water, but were ineffective when the particles became coarser. Under the presence of potato starch, even coarse particles of cellulose were effective. The breaking force was not so increased by increasing the ratio of CaCl2 to NaCl to be added to the surimi.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (331K) -
浜田 盛承1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 89-93
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe tensile breaking properties of fish myosin gel were examined together with the investigation of the kinds of cross linkages of the heat-induced myosin gel. Sample myosin was extracted from croaker Nibea mitsukurii and was ground with 0.6M KCl. It was then heated to gel at 80°C for 20 min. The breaking strain along with the breaking stress were measured in concentrations ranging from 70 to 120mg myosin/g gel. The former was a maximum at around 85mg/g gel while the latter increased with a rise in myosin content. The breaking strain of myosin gel to which urea and guanidine hydrochloride was separately added decreased with the concentration of any reagents. Similar results were observed when sodium dodecylsulfate, a kind of surfactant, was added. On the contrary, in the case of the addition of 2-mercaptoethanol as a reducing reagent of the disulfide bond, the breaking strain was almost the same as that of the control. From the set of results, the hydrogen bond along with hydrophobic bond were found to play principal roles in the gellation of the myosin, while the disulfide bond contribution was negligible.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (360K) -
小出 欽一郎, 柳沢 郁子, 藤田 孝夫1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 95-99
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDuring the examinations to know the shelf-life of “Surimi-based products” at 10°C, a kerosene-like odor was formed in “Surimi-based products” (chikuwa).
This paper focused on the role of the microorganisms taking part in kerosene-like odor production and identification of this odor component.
1. As the results of reproduction test of this odor by the microorganisms isolated from “Surimi- based products” (chikuwa), it has become clear that this odor was produced only in the sections inoculated with molds but not with bacteria or yeasts.
2. With the growth of the molds on the microbiological medium and “Surimi-based products” that contained sorbate, the kerosene-like odor was clearly felt in those media and the content of sorbate decreased by about 90 and 50%, respectively.
3. The mold taking part in the production of this odor was presumed to be a species belonging to the genus Penicillium and the substance of this odor was confirmed by GC-MS to be 1, 3 pentadiene.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (379K) -
小出 欽一郎, 柳沢 郁子, 藤田 孝夫1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 101-106
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWe identified the isolated 1, 3-pentadiene producing molds and investigated the distribution of these molds in raw materials used for “Surimi-based products”. The results were as follows.
1. One strain (P-1) isolated from “Surimi-based products” as 1, 3-pentadiene producing mold was identified as Penicillium cyclopium and the other one strain (A-1, stock culture) was identified as Aspergillus niger.
2. These molds did not find in raw materials used for “Surimi-based products”.
3. Of a total of 48 standard authentic strains and stock cultures of molds and yeasts tested, 8 strains of Aspergillus sp. and 2 strains of Penicillium sp. produced 1, 3-pentadiene.
We considered that “Surimi-based products” were contaminated by the 1, 3-pentadiene producing molds after heating process. We must therefore pay attentions to the contamination with molds in the plant.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K) -
羅 正仁, 遠藤 憲二, 長島 裕二, 田中 宗彦, 田口 武1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 107-112
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effects of n-butanol on the thermal gelation of tuna dark and ordinary muscle proteins were studied in connection with n-butanol denaturation of myosins by means of aggregation test and circular dichroism (CD) measurement. The addition of n-butanol markedly enhanced the thermally induced gelation of the ordinary muscle paste and myosin, whereas the gelation of dark muscle was not affected very much. Based on the thermal aggregation test of myosin, it was shown that in n-butanol sensitivity ordinary muscle myosin was always higher than that of dark muscle myosin, suggesting that the ordinary muscle myosin tends to undergo the denaturation accompanying the unfolding process in the presence of n-butanol. A marked difference in CD spectrum of n-butanol-myosin was also observed (at 20-30°C) between ordinary and dark muscles.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
遠藤 俊夫, 八十島 昭, 春日 修, 野田 宏行, 庵谷 晃, 三浦 昭雄1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 113-118
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEpiphytic diatoms attaching on cultivated Porphyra foliose thalli deteriorate the luster and color of dried sheets of Porphyra. Epiphytic diatoms secrete mucus to attach to substrata such as Porphyra foliose thalli. Certain proteases potentially dissolve this mucus, so we studied the effects of proteolytic enzyme produced by Aspergillus melleus on the removal of epiphytic diatoms. When Porphyra foliose thalli attached with a large number of epiphytic diatoms such as Licmophora ehrenbergii were treated with the proteolytic preparation (TPN-1) at 25°C, epiphytic diatoms were removed from Porphyra foliose thalli depending on the concentration of TPN-1 and the duration of the treatment. When the cultivated Porphyra foliose thalli heavily attached with L. ehrenbergii was treated with the seawater containing 0.02% TPN-1 at about 8°C for 3.5h in a washing tank used for making dried sheets of Porphyra, the cell numbers of diatoms ataching to Porphyra foliose thalli obviously decreased. A scanning electromicroscopic study showed the process of dissolution of the mucus secreted from diatoms and the removal of these attaching diatoms from the Porphyra foliose thalli after the treatment with TPN-1. The treatment with TPN-1 improved the luster and color of dried sheets of Porphyra without influencing the composition of free amino acids.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2455K) -
江口 充, 河合 章1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 119-125
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe distribution of oligotrophic and eutrophic bacteria in fish culturing inland bays was in-vestigated by the most probable number (MPN) method using both poor (ca. 0.3mgC/l) and rich (ca. 300 mgC/l) culture media. Bacterial growth in the rich media (eutrophic and facultatively oligotrophic bacteria) was detected by turbidity and that in the poor media (obligately and facul-tatively oligotrophic bacteria) by epifluorescence microscopic observation after DAPI (4', 6-di-amidino-2-phenylindole) staining. The total counts of heterotrophic viable bacteria in bottom sediments, seawater and particle fractions (>5μm) were ca 107 cells/g, 103-105 cells/ml, and 102-103 cells/ml, respectively. In seawater samples, oligotrophic bacteria, especially obligate oligotro-phs, were often predominant. While, facultatively oligotrophic bacteria were predominant in the fractionated water samples (>5μm). As particulate organic matters provided nutrient rich microspheres for microorganisms in seawater, non-random distribution of eutrophic and facul-tatively oligotrophic bacteria were observed. Different from the bottom sediments in the open sea, obligate oligotrophs were never detected in the bottom sediments of the fish culturing areas. The occurrence of eutrophic bacteria in bottom sediments of fish farms seems to be mainly due to the heavy load of sedimented organic matter which is derived from left-over feed and fish excreta.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (464K) -
川崎 賢一, 大泉 徹, 今野 久仁彦1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 127-133
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEffect of triglyceride oxidation products (TGOP) of sardine oil on the subunit composition of carp myofibrils (Mf) was studied by SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE).
An incubation of Mf with TGOP induced a disappearance of myosin heavy chain (HC) bands and an appearance of high molecular weight bands on its SDS-PAGE pattern. These new bands were suggested to be the cross-linked HCs because of their same mobilities as those of chemically cross-linked myosin HCs with p-phenylenedimaleimide.
The disappearance of intact HC, namely the formation of cross-linked HC, depended upon not only TGOP concentration but also weight ratio of TGOP to Mf. The rate constant of HC cross-linking reaction was estimated from the decreasing rate of the remaining intact HC content in Mf, and was analyzed by the two first order reactions; a quick decrease was followed by a slower decrease. The rate of the reaction in both phases was temperature-dependent and proportional to the TGOP concentration employed.
It was, therefore, concluded that TGOP quantitatively induces HC cross-linking reaction in Mf.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2280K) -
川崎 賢一, 大泉 徹, 今野 久仁彦, 林 賢治1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 135-140
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーEffects of the polar fraction contained in the autoxidized triglyceride of sardine oil on the K-ATPase activity and the cross-linking of myosin heavy chain (HC) of myofibrils (Mf) were investigated.
Purified triglyceride was allowed to autoxidize at 37°C, and the triglyceride oxidation products (TGOP) were prepared with different polar fraction contents. Decrease in the K-ATPase activity and the amount of remaining intact myosin HC upon incubation of Mf with TGOP were measured. Both changes correlated with the polar fraction content in the TGOP employed.
The polar fraction and unoxidized triglyceride were both isolated from the TGOP by thin-layer chromatography (TLC), and it was found that K-ATPase inactivation and cross-linking reaction were both brought about by only the polar fraction. Since the TGOP employed in this study contained practically no free fatty acids and aldehydes detectable on TLC, the oxidation of thiol groups of myosin and cross-linking of HC are attributed to the polar fraction in the TGOP.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2053K) -
澤辺 智雄, 絵面 良男, 木村 喬久1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 141-145
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn alginolytic marine bacterium, H-4, was isolated from decaying thalli of Laminaria japonica var. ochotensis. Strain H-4 is a gram-negative polarly flagellated rod, which oxidatively produces acid from glucose, is oxidase positive and requires seawater for growth. DNA base composition measured from melting point of DNA is 39.8mol%G+C. According to these characteristics, the strain was identified as genus Alteromonas. Alteromonas sp. H-4 resembles A. espejiana but differs in DNA base composition and some properties and could not be identified to any species in the genus Alteromonas.
The productivity of extracellular alginate lyase by Alteromonas sp. H-4 increased with seawater concentration and decreased with casitone concentration in the media. Its productivity was observed in a medium without alginate. The bacterium produced a maximum amonut of alginate lyase in liquid media containing 75% seawater, 0.5% casitone, and 0.1% sodium alginate after 96h incubation with shaking at 25°C.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (924K) -
藤井 建夫, 久田 孝, 佐伯 和昭, 奥積 昌世1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 147-152
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーDilutions of human faeces were surveyed for their ability to ferment polysaccharides (dietary fiber) which were present in brown algae. Sodium alginate and laminaran were fermented by 108 and 109 dilutions of faeces, respectively, whereas fucoidan and cellulose were not fermented. To examine the ability to ferment sodium alginate and laminaran, 435 and 450 strains, respectively, among 697 isolates from human faeces were used. Among them, three strains belonging to Bacteroides spp. fermented sodium alginate and 10 strains (four strains of Clostridium spp., three strains of Bacteroides spp. and three strains of Bifidobacterium spp.) fermented laminaran. Among 21 species of authentic intestinal bacteria, Bacteroides ovatus showed the abilities to ferment sodium alginate, and Clostridium ramosum and B. ovatus fermented laminaran. These findings suggest that the intake of brown algae may be responsible for the changes in intestinal flora.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (370K) -
内田 有恆, 吉川 毅, 石田 祐三郎, 嵯峨 直恆1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 153-157
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーProtoplasts were isolated enzymatically from female gametophytes of the marine green alga Ulva pertusa. The best enzyme compositions to yield protoplasts were 5% Abalone Acetone Powder, 2% Cellulase Onozuka R-10, and 0.1% Macerozyme R-200 in 1.2M sorbitol at pH 5.5. The isolated protoplasts regenerated in PES medium and two types of developmental process were observed; thallus forming type and rhizoid and thallus forming type.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1823K) -
安斎 寛, 難波 義博, 澤田 雅弘, 内田 直行, 西出 英一1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 159-163
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSubstrate specificity of three kinds of cellulase preparations (A, N, and Bβ) isolated from the gastric teeth of D. auricularia was investigated on various celluloic substrates. Each preparation had endo-type action, and cellulase Bβ had more random action than cellulases A and N toward CM-cellulose. Kinetic constants (Km value: mg/ml) of the enzymes toward CM-cellulose and H3PO4-swollen cellulose were as follows: cellulase A, 0.3 and 1.0; cellulase N, 1.6 and 3.3; and cellulase Bβ, 5.0 and 4.2; respectively.
The modes of action of cellulases A and N on cellooligosaccharides were examined. Cellulase A hydrolyzed G6 into G4+G2 and G3+G3 in a molar ratio of 4:1, and G5 into G4+G1 and G3+G2 in a molar ratio of 1:4. In the case of cellulase N, G6 was cleaved into G4+G2 and G3+G3 in a molar ratio of 8:1, and G5 was hydrolyzed into G4+G1 and G3+G2 in a molar ratio of 1:4. Synergistic action between cellulases A and Bβ in the saccharification activities toward crystalline cellulose was higher than that toward amorphous cellulose.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1318K) -
Miguel V. Archdale, 中村 薫1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 165
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (90K) -
林 健一, 青山 雅俊, 藤原 進, 遊 祥平1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 167
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (114K) -
丹羽 栄二, 辻本 宏治, 加納 哲1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 169
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (92K) -
福永 健治, 鈴木 鐵也, 原 彰彦, 高間 浩蔵1992 年 58 巻 1 号 p. 171
発行日: 1992/01/25
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (116K)
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