巻号一覧
58 巻, 10 号
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木曾 克裕, 赤嶺 達郎, 大西 修平, 松宮 義晴1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1779-1784
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to identify phase differentiation of masu salmon females into sea-run and fluviatile forms, growth formulae of the two forms were obtained and their growth patterns were compared. The basic and modified types of the three growth formulae, von Bertalanffy, Gompertz, and Logistic, were calculated by the nonlinear least squares method using fork lengths by month of age until the sea-ward migration season. On the basis of the AIC values, the modified models to which periodi-cal changes were introduced showed a better fit than the basic formulae. The best fitting formulae were Gompertz, wherein the growth rate changes in one and three cycles annually for the two forms.
In summer, the growth rate of the fluviatile form was greater than that of the sea-run form. From autumn through winter, no marked difference in growth rate existed between them. Initial growth, and the maturation and smoltification processes all seemed to participate in the differences in growth pattern between the two forms.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (398K) -
木曾 克裕, 小坂 淳1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1785-1791
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーMasu salmon were collected from a river in the southern Sanriku district (Pacific side of Northern Honshu) where two forms of female, fluviatile and sea-run forms, are recognized. The observation of the ovarian development of these fish revealed that the females can be sepa-rated into two groups after the second November from being spawned. One is the group whose gonad weights (GW) increase rapidly. The other is the group whose GW remain un-changed from November to the following April. The distribution of oocyte diameter of the first group is bimodal and the large oocytes show gradual development from the late peri-nucleolus stage to oil drop stages. The distribution of oocyte diameter of the second group is unimodal, and only the late peri-nucleolus stage is seen in most of their ovaries throughout the period from August to the following April. Based on successive observations of body shape and coloration until the second spring, all the fish with the first group ovary are found to become stream resident parr (fluviatile form), while most fish with the second group ovary become smolt (sea-run form), while the rest stay as small parr.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2299K) -
桑野 和可, 有賀 祐勝, 嵯峨 直恆1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1793-1798
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーCryopreservation of the conchocelis of Porphyra yezoensis was attempted. Conchocelis cells were frozen at -30 or -80°C in various concentrations of seawater containing several cryopro-tectants. The viability of conchocelis cells was evaluated by staining them with neutral red. DMSO was the best cryoprotectant among the compounds tested. The cryoprotective effect of DMSO varied with the concentration of seawater, and was maximal at a seawater concentration of 50%. The combination of DMSO and sorbitol was more effective for the long survival of conchocelis than DMSO alone. The survival rate of conchocelis frozen at -80°C in 50% seawater with 5% DMSO and 0.5M sorbitol fell below 1% in three days. However, when frozen at -30°C, 55% of the conchocelis cells survived for one day and 16% survived for a week.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1267K) -
有山 啓之1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1799-1805
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo estimate the molting and growth of the swimming crab Portunus (Portunus) trituberculatus, juveniles (carapace width: 14-26mm) hatched in July and large crabs (carapace width: 166-233mm) caught by trawl net in Osaka Bay were reared in concrete tanks in the laboratory. Most of the juveniles reached the 10th or 11th instar in November, and their average cara-pace widths were 115mm for females and 108mm for males. In the year after hibernation they molted 2 or 3 times, reaching the 12th or 13th instar. Their average carapace widths in November were 183mm for females and 190mm for males. Trawl-caught crabs molted once a year for both sexes. Their molting periods are presumed to be August or September for females and about August for males. The relationship between the instar number and the average carapace width can be expressed by a logistic equation, and the relationship between pre-molt and post-molt carapace widths can be expressed by two straight lines with an inflex-ion in the 9-10th instar prior to maturation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (543K) -
東 照雄1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1807-1818
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSockeye Oncorhynchus nerka, chum O. keta, and pink salmon O. gorbuscha caught by surface gillnets in the Bering Sea during the summers of 1987 and 1988 were investigated to clarify the ex-tent of the biological variation among individuals of each species. Between fishing dates, chum salmon showed differences in age composition and pink salmon in sex ratio, while sockeye salmon showed none in either category. The mean gonad weight of the three species changed as the dates proceeded, although chum salmon did not exhibit clear modal increases in the gonad weight through the survey period. Diurnal differences in sex ratio and mean gonad weight were only recognized in chum and male pink salmon, respectively. Different ocean age groups of sockeye and chum salmon were observed concomitantly, even in a single short-period catch (2-3 hours in soaking time of the gillnets). The three salmonids showed marked differences in biological variety beyond the specific difference simply predicted from the age variation; the most heterogeneous species was chum, while the least was pink salmon.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1545K) -
中村 善彦, Somboon Siriraksophon1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1819-1825
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe results of a fishing survey on neon flying squid off Oregon and Washington states during August of 1990 are itemized as follows: 1) Most of the squids captured were females whose DML ranged from 25 to 60cm, 2) the relative growth equation of the female neon flying squid is W=0.026L3.04, 3) good fishing ground was located in a warm water front and near an upwelled cold water area, whereas the water temperature ranged from 12.8 to 19.4°C at the surface and from 7.5 to 8.3°C at a abundant depth of 120m, 4) the angling depth ranged from 50 to 150m while most of the squids were caught at 120m. At depths ranging from 10 to 60m, thermocline was found, so this may be a considerable reason why neon flying squid could not break through this layer, and 5) the catch is greatly influenced by the duration of moonshine (H) during the night time. Big catches are found at drastically varying values of H.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1385K) -
神田 猛, 田中 満寿1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1827-1831
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーOxygen consumption of the young striped mullet was measured by a constant flow method with cylindrical or disk-shaped respiratory chambers under conditions of isolated fish and groups of 2, 4, and 8 fish.
There was no significant difference between oxygen consumption (μg/g•h) of isolated fish and fish in groups of 2 fish in the cylindrical chambers, but a significant difference between these was recognized in the disk-shaped chambers. Oxygen consumption of fish in groups of 4 or 8 fish was significantly lower than that of isolated fish in both chambers. Fish in groups of 4 or 8 fish in the disk-shaped chambers consumed less oxygen than those of the same num-ber in the cylindrical ones. The disk-shaped chamber was more useful for ?? O2 determina-tion of grouped fish than the cylindrical one, because fish became calmer in the former than in the latter. Distance of locomotion (cm/fish•min) of grouped fish was longer than that of isolated fish, although grouped fish consumed less oxygen.
This implies that isolated fish consume more oxygen owing to higher activities than group-ed fish. These activities do not involve locomotion of the body, but movement of parts of the body and/or metabolic activity in the body.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (453K) -
原田 泰志, 松宮 義晴1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1833-1842
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn recent years, stocking of natural populations with fish fry, which are produced artificially or transferred from other populations, are performed in order to enhance fishing productivity. Two kinds of resource enhancement effects are expected to result from such artificial stockings: the direct (intragenerational) effect from the recruitment of stocked individuals them-selves and the indirect (intergenerational or reproductive) effect from the increase in the recruitment caused by the reproduction of stocked individuals. In this paper, we obtain the enhancement effect, defined as an increase in the sustainable production, as a function of stocking intensity and fishing mortality, and study its dependency on various biological and economical factors by using simple mathematical models. We also obtain the condition for the profitability of stocking operation and the optimal fishing mortality as a function of stocking intensity.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (744K) -
藤田 尚孝, 林 哲仁, 渡辺 悦生1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1843-1848
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo different types of AIP sensors were prepared with immobilized enzymes and an oxygen electrode. Good relationships were obtained between the output of the sensors and AIP activities. The optimum conditions for sensor A using nucleoside phosphorylase and xanthine oxidase as a detector were as follows: pH, 8.0; temperature, 30°C; flow rate of buffer, 0.3ml/min; flow rate of substrate, 0.1ml/min; and sample volume, 10μl. Those for sensor B using glucose oxidase were pH, 7.8; temperature, 35°C; flow rate of buffer, 0.36ml/min; flow rate of substrate, 0.16ml/min; and sample volume 10μl. Under these conditions AIP activities in fish serum were determined by both sensors. Good relationships were obtained between the values determined by the sensors and the conventional methods.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (411K) -
向井 幸則, 小林 博1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1849-1853
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe cupulae of cyprinid larval fish became deformed or disappeared by anesthesia in MS 222 solution, but when the larva was transferred to MS 222 free water, the cupulae began to grow again. The growth rate of newly extending cupulae was examined after treatment wish the MS 222 solution. The rates were 8.7-10.6μm/h in Gnathopogon elongatus caerulescens, 10.3-11.3μm/h in Carassius auratus grandoculis, and 8.9μm/h in Zacco platypus. These findings suggest that complete re-placement of the treated cupulae would take about 24h in the larvae of these species.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1323K) -
皆川 恵1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1855-1860
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSalinity effects on the survival, intermolt period, growth, and morphogenesis of Ranina ranina larvae were examined under 11 levels ranging from 17 to 51‰ S. Zoeas metamorphosed into megalopas at 24 to 37‰ S. The optimum range of salinity for survival became narrower in later instars. Intermolt periods were prolonged at lower and higher salinities. The metamorphosis rate increased with increasing salinities. Morphogenesis proceeded without change in all salinity levels until instar V but was delayed at 20, 24, and 41‰ S from instar VII. Larval food consumption was examined under 5 salinity levels from 20 to 48‰ S with zoeas at instars I, III, V, and VII. It was the highest at 34‰ S and decreased at the other salinities. The retarded growth was correlated with decreased food consumption at lower and higher salinities in instars III, V, and VII. The optimum range of salinity for rearing larvae of this species was 27-34‰ S. Food energy seemed to be utilized for survival first, molting second, morphogenesis and growth last抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (476K) -
松田 裕之, 岸田 達, 清水 弘文, 木立 孝1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1861-1866
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーUsing the yearly egg production and catch of the Japanese sardine in the period 1951-87, including periods of low stock level, increasing stock level, and high stock level, the annual change in the reproduction index was calculated. The effect of fishing on the recruitment of the Japanese sardine was evaluated. Under the assumption that over the next ten years, reproduction will have the same average and variance as in the period of low stock level, and that over the following five years, these will be the same as in the period of increasing stock level, the total catch amount for these 15 years and the final stock level would be low if 1/2 of the stock were caught every year.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (498K) -
米山 兼二郎, 八木 昇一, 川村 軍蔵1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1867-1872
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo determine the individual catchability of fish, angling experiments were conducted using five groups of tilapia in an outdoor concrete tank 10×5×0.65m in dimensions. The effects of previous experience of hooks, the hunger level, and the presence of eggs on catchability were determined using chi-square analysis. Five different baits were used at random to eliminate the effect of bait preference. At the start of experiments, about half of each group were hooked, marked by fin clips, and released back in to the tank with the unmarked fish. A recapture trial was repeated twice by angling and tallying marked and unmarked fish. Fish were thus hooked a total of three successive times, twice, only once, or_not at all. After the angling experiments, fish were given pellets and allowed to feed for 10-20 minutes, then examined for the amount of intake and the presence of eggs. Results indicated that fish that had been hooked earlier tended significantly to be hooked again. Fish did not learn to avoid hooks. Fish that had been hooked tended to eat more. Fish with eggs tended to be less catchable, but individual differences in catchability were also found among those without eggs.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (433K) -
湯 祖恪, 桜本 和美, 和田 時夫, 北原 武, 原田 泰志1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1873-1881
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe aim of this study is to apply fuzzy rule-based inference to forecasts of the sardine catch off the coast of southern Hokkaido. The data used are the catch for age a, in year t, Ca, t, by a purse seine fishery off Southern Hokkaido from 1973 to 1989. Population sizes by age and year, Na, t, are estimated from the data using a cohort analysis. Four variables, Na-2, t-2, Na-1, t-1, Ca-2, t-2, and Ca-1, t-1, are used as the antecedent, and one variable, Ca, t, from 1981 to 1989 are inferred according to 75 fuzzy rules. The forecasting was good except for the years 1983 and 1985. The results for 4-year-old were especially good. The results are vital to the values of fishing mortality coefficient for the oldest age-class and the natural mor-tality coefficient that are needed in the application of cohort analysis. In addition, this study can involve some information on enviroments. Incorporation of environmental factors in the antecedent may improve the accuracy of forecasts.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (597K) -
甲斐 徳久, 上田 正, 武田 靖昭1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1883-1886
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe state of oxidation and its distribution of selenium in thirteen blood specimens of two species of tuna, i.e. six individuals of yellowfin Thunnus albacares and seven individuals of bigeye Thunnus obesus, and in fourteen blood specimens of two species of marlins, i.e. seven indi-viduals of striped marlin Tetrapturus audax and seven individuals of blue marlin Makaira mazara, are presented in relation to the distribution of mercury.
The content {Se(-II, 0, IV)} of the low oxidation state of selenium (-II, 0, and IV) except VI as an oxidation number was dominant in both species, and the ratios of Se(-II, 0, IV) to total selenium content (T-Se) were about 0.90 in the case of tuna and about 0.60 in the case of marlins, respectively. Moreover, Se(-II, 0, IV) correlated positively with T-Se in both species. On the other hand, there were no correlations between Se(-II, 0, IV) and total mercury content (T-Hg) in either species, and the molar ratio of Se(-II, 0, IV) to T-Hg tended to decrease drastically with the increase in T-Hg. These results suggest that the low oxidation state of selenium will be closely related to the detoxification of heavy metals such as mercury in fish blood.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (281K) -
二村 義八朗, 侯 文祥, 井上 博明1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1887-1895
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA modification of Carpenter's method for oxygen analysis has been described. It requires only conventional equipment, such as oxygen sampling bottles, dispensers, and a burette. How-ever, the standard deviation can be about 1-10μl O2/l when using a starch indicator and 100ml-sized sampling bottles. To obtain better precision or accuracy, the present method involves the removal of deoxygenated supernatant to make space for titration in the bottle, a clarifier for the supernatant, and a sulfate buffer to keep the titration medium in proper pH condition in spite of the difference in volume removed or remaining. The oxygen in the reagents for fixation was found to be 1.592ml O2/l, while the correction for reagents is also described.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (703K) -
曹 欽玉, 永山 文男1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1897-1904
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGlucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase, (EC 1. 1. 1. 49; Glc-6-P DH) in oyster Crassostrea gigas was extracted with 10mM Tris-HCl buffer solution and purified by ammonium sulfate fractiona-tion, Sepharose 6B gel filtration, and DEAE-Sephadex A-50, and CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromato-graphy. A single fraction exhibiting Glc-6-P DH activity was obtained by CM-Sepharose CL-6B chromatography. The purified Glc-6-P DH was electrophoretically homogenous. The optimal pH for hydrolysis of Glc-6-P was 8. The temperature which inactivated 50% of enzyme was 47°Cin 15-min treatment. The molecular weight was 204, 000. Beyond 35°C the activation energy of Glc-6-P DH was 5, 400 cal/mol, and below 35°C it was 10, 900 cal/mol. The enzyme was inhibited by Zn2+ and Hg2+ ions in low concentration and by Co2+ and Cu2+ ions in high concentration. How-ever, it can be activated by adding Ca2+, Mg2+, and Mn2+ ions in high concentration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (478K) -
根立 恵子, 広田 望1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1905-1911
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe IMP-degrading enzyme from ordinary muscle of the snapper Pagrus auratus was purified by ammonium sulfate fractionation and two steps of affinity chromatography on Con A-Sepharose and 5'-AMP Sepharose 4B. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by disc polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The apparent molecular weight of the purified enzyme was estimated to be about 8.9×104 by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and about 3.6×105 by gel filtration with Sephacryl S-300HR, thus this enzyme was shown to be a tetramer. The purified enzyme was identified as 5'-nucleotidase (EC 3.1.3.5) by substrate specificity, it has maximal activity at pH 8.5 in Tris-acetate buffer in the presence of MgC12, and it hydrolyzed 5'-AMP most effectively.
Of several metal ions, Mn2+ was the most effective activator and Co2+ also activated this enzyme. The enzyme activity was inhibited by Zn2+, Cu2+, Bat2+, and EDTA and complete inhibition of the enzyme occurred in the presence of 1 mM 5'-ATP and 5'-ADP. The Km value for 5'-IMP was 3.0 × 10-5 M. The enzyme was competitively inhibited by ATP and ADP, and the K1 values for ATP and ADP were 0.4 and 0.13μM, respectively.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (453K) -
松本 行司, 中久喜 輝夫, 伊藤 義之, 新井 健一1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1913-1918
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe preventive effect of several kinds of sugars against denaturation of carp myofibrillar protein caused by freeze-drying was studied by measuring the inactivation of its Ca-ATPase. Even in the presence of sugar, the activity of Ca-ATPase decreased rapidly in the initial 2 hours and then remained level during the subsequent freeze-drying period. According to the method previously proposed by us, the preventive effect was estimated by the following two equations: E=Δlog kD/a and R=Δlog A/a, where kD is the first order rate constant for in-activation of Ca-ATPase in the early period, a is the concentration (molarity) of sugar, and A is the remaining Ca-ATPase activity in the subsequent period. Both E and R values were found to diminish in the order of maltotetraose, lactitol, maltotriose, maltitol, maltose=sucrore, sorbitol, glucose, and mannitol. The level of preventive effects of sugars against denaturation of myofibrillar protein by freeze-drying was closely related to the number of OH groups of sugar molecules, although there is the possibility that their effects are also induced by the configuration of the OH group.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (337K) -
千葉 智, 尾島 孝男, 西田 清義1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1919-1923
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA search for troponin in surf clam foot muscle was made. The muscle, however, seemed to lack troponin, judging from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of myofibril, native thin filament, and so-called troponin fraction in addition to their effects on Ca2+-sensitivity of Mg-ATPase activity. In contrast, a 160kDa actin-binding protein was found, though its effects on Ca2+-regulation in muscle contraction are unknown.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2375K) -
小出 欽一郎, 柳沢 郁子, 小沢 昭夫, 佐竹 幹雄, 藤田 孝夫1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1925-1930
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn this report, we investigated microbiologically the cause of the kerosene-like off-flavour in “surimi-based products” (chikuwa) kept at 10°C for 7 days. The results are as follows. From the kerosene-like off-flavoured “surimi-based products”, the appearance is the same as normal, while no swelling, softening, or discoloration was recognized. We isolated bacteria and yeasts, but molds could not be isolated. As the result of a kerosene-like off-flavour reproduction test using these isolates, all yeasts but not all bacteria produced this odor. Among the raw materials (15 kinds) for “surimi-based products”, only natural food preservative produc-ed this odor. Yeast that produced a kerosene-like off-flavour was identified as Debaryomyces hansenii, and the component of this odor was confirmed by GC-MS to be styrene.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (454K) -
谷口 和也, 蔵多 一哉, 鈴木 稔, 白石 一成1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1931-1936
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーFeeding-deterrent activity of the methanol extract from the brown alga Dilophus okamurai was tested on the abalone Haliotis discus hannai by the cellulose plate bioassay method. From the neutral fraction of methanol extract which showed feeding-deterrent activity, the following active compounds have been obtained: three spatane-type diterpenes, two of which have also inhibited the settlement and the metamorphosis of the abalone veliger, two secospatane-type, and two cubebane-type diterpenes. It may be suggested that D. okamurai chemically deters predation of marine herbivores by the production of these diterpenes. Consequently, the laminariaceous brown algae, such as Eisenia bicyclis, whose sporelings are eaten by marine herbivores, can germinate in communities of D. okamurai to form their own large communities in place of D. okamurai抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (428K) -
伊丹 利明, 竹原 淳, 長野 義将, 末綱 邦男, 満谷 淳, 武居 薫, 高橋 幸則1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1937-1944
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo different types of lysozyme, types I and II, that lysed the lyophilized cells of Micrococcus lysodeikticus were purified from the skin mucus of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis by sequential column chromatographies on SP-Toyopearl 650M, Heparin Sepharose CL-6B, Mono S HR 5/5, and Superose 12HR 10/30.
The types I and II enzymes had an isoelectric point of approximately 9.4 and 9.8, re-spectively, and were separated by Mono S ion exchange column chromatography using an FPLC system. The molecular weight of both enzymes was estimated to be about 18, 000 by SDS-PAGE. Amino acid compositions of both lysozymes were similar to each other, but the concentrations of basic amino acids (Lys and His) in type II were higher than those in type I. For lysozyme activity of both enzymes, optimum pH was 6.3-6.9, optimum temperature was about 35°C, and optimum molarity of phosphate buffer was 0.01. Lysozyme activity of type I was inhibited by 100units/ml of heparin, but that of type II was not inhibited even by 200units/ml of heparin. Both enzymes were inactivated by 10mM histamine. Lysozyme activities by the enzymes were found against formalin-killed bacterial cells of Pasteurella piscicida and Aero-monas hydrophila, but not against those of Vibrio anguillarum.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1276K) -
柴 眞, 沼倉 忠弘1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1945-1953
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSalt-ground meat from walleye pollack was heated at a specific temperature in the ranges of 40 and 70°C for 120 min, by applying Joule's heat. The quality of the heated gel thus formed was evaluated by measuring the gel strength and the amount of cross-linked myosin heavy chain formed. The quality was compared with that of heated gel formed by thermobath heating at 40, 50, and 60°C.
The changes in temperature of the salt-ground meat during the courses of both heating methods was also investigated. It was found that the gel strength of the former remained at a rather low value and that cross-linked myosin heavy chain was hardly produced, whereas the gel strength of the latter increased to a high value and cross-linking of myosin heavy chain developed markedly.
These results indicate that the gel formation of salt-ground meat strongly depends on the record of both the heating temperature and the period, regardless of the heating method.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1087K) -
河口 克己, 里見 弘治, 横山 理雄, 門田 元1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1955-1960
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーKlebsiella sp. isolated from the Sumida River produced an extracellular polysaccharide (BS-1) whose physical properties are of interest to the food industry. However, the yield of BS-1 was not so high; only 3.2% of carbon source in the medium was converted into BS-1.
In order to increase the yield of BS-1, optimal conditions for cultivation i.e. composition of the medium, temperature, pH, aeration, and shaking were surveyed. As a result, it was found that lactose was the most effective carbon source for BS-1 production and that the yield increased when the organism was incubated at 30°C under aerobic conditions. The maximum yield was obtained when the initial pH of the medium was adjusted to 10.0. Under the optimum condition as mentioned above, the yield of BS-1 increased to 12.8g/l and the conversion ratio of the carbon source into BS-1 reached 43%.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (461K) -
張 俊明, 大島 敏明, 小泉 千秋1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1961-1969
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーChanges in free amino acid, organic acid, and lipid compositions of fermented mackerel Scomber japonicus “sushi” during processing were investigated, while commercially available fermented mackerel “sushi” was also analyzed.
The pH of the sample decreased during processing: from 6.1 (raw sample) to 4.4 (finished product). Moisture also decreased rapidly during pre-curing and then slowly during fermentation, finally being 65.8%. Salt content of the finished product was about 4.4% on a dry weight basis. Volatile basic nitrogen increased up to 148mg/100g after fermentation for 10 days. Histamine, cadaverine, tyramine, and putrescine were formed in relatively large amounts during fermentation, being 158, 363, 141, and 175mg/100g on a dry weight basis. Histidine, a principal component of free amino acid of mackerel meat, completely disappeared up to the desalting process while most free amino acids increased during pre-curing and subsequent fermentation. Lactic acid, a prominent organic acid in mackerel meat, decreased to 448mg/100g after desalting, and then increased up to 4090 mg/100g after 10 day-fermentation. β-Buffer capacity in the vicinity of pH 3.5 and 9.5 increased during fermentation.
The peroxide value and TBA number of the total lipid increased gradually up to the 3 rd day of fermentation process and thereafter decreased. Considerable decompositions of triglyceride and phospholipids in the lipid occurred, accompanied by the production and accumulation of large amounts of free fatty acids throughout processing.
From these results, it is concluded that lipid oxidation is restricted during fermentation, although remarkable proteolysis occurred.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (714K) -
山崎 浩司, 北村 史恵, 猪上 徳雄, 信濃 晴雄1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1971-1976
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe effect of various concentrations of the addition of squid liver to “Ika-Shiokara” with 10% salt was examined on the changes of microflora and chemical properties of “Ika-Shiokara” and the inoculated pathogenic organism, Staphylococcus aureus. In the case of the “Ika-Shiokara” without the addition of squid liver, the dominant species of S. warneri found in the early stage (2-4 days) were replaced by Micrococci in the later stage of ripening. In the case of the sample wlth 1% squid liver, the dominant microorganism was S. warneri in the early stage, and the Staphylococci including S. warneri were replaced by Micrococci during the later stages of ripening (4-14 days). In this case, the quality of “Ika-Shiokara” was decreased with the shift of dominant Staphylococci to Micrococci. In the case of 3% liver addition, among the dominant Staphylococci over the ripening process, S. epidermidis were shown to predominate on the last day of sampling. The inoculated S. aureus decreased during the ripening process with the addition of squid liver of 3-6%.
These findings suggest that the addition of squid liver plays an important role in the formation of specific microflora of “Ika-Shiokara”.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (511K) -
Wanchai Worawattanamateekul, 蓮井 昌彦, 奥谷 康一1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1977-1982
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA marine strain of Pseudomonas (No. 42), which was originally isolated from seawater, pro-duced an acidic mucopolysaccharide containing glutamic acid when grown on seawater agar medium containing sucrose. The polysaccharide was extracted with 1% phenol solution and purified by the addition of ethanol, followed by precipitation with Cetavlon and DEAE-cellulose chromatography. This polysaccharide preparation was homogeneous in both ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic analyses. This polysaccharide was composed of glucosamine, glucuronic acid, and glutamic acid.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1527K) -
Juadee Pongmaneerat, 渡邉 武1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1983-1990
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to study the utilization of defatted soybean meal (SBM) and its extruded meal (ExSBM) as a partial replacement for white fish meal (WFM), they were used to substitute WFM at levels of 30, 40, 50% in diets. A combination of 25% SBM and 15% corn gluten meal (CGM) substituting WFM of 40% in the diet was also tried. Each diet was fed ad libitum to duplicate groups of rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss (12.1g on average) for 7 weeks at 12±2°C.
The SBM-CGM diet produced the best performance. The growth of fish on other diets was almost inversely related to dietary SBM or ExSBM levels, probably due to the lower protein and energy intake. However, the growth rate per protein intake in these groups was almost com-parable to that of the control group. There was no marked difference in growth and feed efficiency between the SBM and ExSBM groups, except at a 50% level where there was improved growth due to an enhanced feed intake of the extruded product. Apparent digestibility of dietary protein in all cases was as high as 90-94%, irrespective of inclusion of SBM or ExSBM; but these values of starch decreased in relation to both ingredients, leading to reduced energy digestibility.
Thus, for effective utilization of SBM, a combination with CGM was found to be better, reducing WFM up to 40% in the diet (replacing 63% of WFM).抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (601K) -
Voranop Viyakarn, 渡邉 武, 青木 秀夫, 津田 平蔵, 坂本 浩志, 岡本 信明, 磯 直道, 佐藤 秀一, 竹内 俊郎1992 年 58 巻 10 号 p. 1991-2000
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe availability of defatted soybean meal (SBM) as a substitute for fish meal (FM) in a newly developed soft-dry pellet (SDP) was evaluated by feeding SDP containing 0-50% SBM to both juvenile and adult yellowtail.
Palatability or acceptability of the experimental SDP was not influenced by the inclusion of SBM up to 50%. Growth and feed gain ratio were highest in both sizes of fish fed on the control FM diet but decreased corresponding to the elevation of SBM levels. This might be due to the reduced levels of protein and energy in the SBM diets resulting from the difference in protein and lipid contents between FM and SBM, as the diets were not iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric. This was also supported by the result that the weight gain per digestible energy or protein intake did not differ greatly among the experimental groups. A diet with 25 % SBM and 15% corn gluten meal (CGM) showed better feed performances than the 40% SBM diet, suggesting the availability of CGM as a protein source in combination with SBM.
These results together with hemochemical assessments and rheological properties have shown that SBM can be included as a protein source up to 30% in place of FM in SDP for yellowtail without any adverse effects.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (612K)
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