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Volume 58, Issue 11
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Yuzuru Suzuki1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2005-2007
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPatterns of leucocyte infiltration during acute inflammation were investigated in puffer fish, with special reference to the migration of basophils, which are extremely abundant in puffers. Following subcutaneous injection of 1% λ-carrageenan solution, a large number of basophils as well as neutrophils infiltrated acutely within 24h. Basophil counts showed a tendency to decrease, while migration of the monocytes and macrophages might have continued throughout the chronic phase of inflammation. These results suggest that the basophils may have an important role in the acute phase of inflammation, although their functioning is not well understood. Blood basophils showed a more rapid increase than that in the inflammatory lesion, suggesting the existence of chemical mediators concerned with basophil proliferation.View full abstractDownload PDF (274K) -
Mitsuo Sakai, Eduardo Estay, Akio Nakazawa, Naoto Okumoto, Aliaky Naga ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2009-2017
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMasu salmon fry Oncorhynchus mason of two different origins, Chilean stock (MC) of 7.0g size parr and Japanese stock (MJ) of 4.9g size parr, were released in February 1987 and in October 1987, respectively, into a tributary of Lake General Carrera in Chilean Patagonia. The spawning run of the salmon (299 females and 276 males) was observed in the river from March to April 1989. The sex ratio (males per female) was regarded as nearly 1.0, and this suggested that river-resident precocious males were very scarce in the river. Mean fork lengths and weights of spawners were 56.3cm and 1, 715g, respectively. The rate of return was estimated as 1.07% for MC and 0.95 for MJ. No difference between either rate was observed though they were released at different sizes and times. Eyed-stage eggs and alevins were found in the river after the spawning season. These indicated that there is a high possibility of population establishment in the lake by the small parr release of masu salmon.View full abstractDownload PDF (706K) -
Teruo Azuma1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2019-2025
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDiel feeding habits of sockeye salmon Oncorhynchus nerka and chum salmon O. keta in the Bering Sea during the summer were investigated by four parameters: the frequency of empty stomachs, stomach content weight, digestion stage, and pH of the inner wall of the blind sac in the stomach. Stomach samples were obtained at various times of day from gillnet surveys. Sockeye and chum salmon exhibited similar diel feeding patterns, although each of the four parameters of sockeye salmon fluctuated more distinctly than in chum salmon. Based on the present results together with previous knowledge, it is hypothesized that the two species obtain metabolic energy in different ways; sockeye salmon feed on more nutritious food organisms than chum salmon, but are inferior to chum salmon in digestion abilities. Chum salmon can utilize peculiar or poorly nutritious food organisms such as jellyfish, on which other salmonid fish seldom feed, with the help of physiologically and morphologically greater digestion abilities.View full abstractDownload PDF (1946K) -
Hyon-Sob Han, Hideyuki Mannen, Akio Tsujimura, Nobuhiko Taniguchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2027-2031
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to determine the effectiveness of DNA fingerprinting as a tool for confirmation of clonal nature and identity, we applied a DNA fingerprinting method to three genetically different groups of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis: clonal diploid, mitotic gynogenetic diploid (mitotic-G2N) and normal diploid. Genomic DNA extracted from blood was digested by Pst I restriction endonuclease and was hybridized with repetitive sequence in bacteriophage M13 DNA labelled with [α-32P] isotope. DNA fingerprints of P. altivelis were detected over the whole effective fraction range from 0.5-25 Kilobase pairs, and more than 42 fragment patterns were detected. The DNA fingerprints of clonal fish consisted of at least 21 distinguishable bands which showed identical patterns within a clone. Mitotic-G2N consisted of 12-18 bands, and an individual fingerprint of this group hardly shared the bands of the other individuals. A trend of markedly low levels of band sharing in the DNA fingerprint among individuals of mitotic-G2N fish would be useful as a powerful genetic marker for their respective clonal lines. In N-CONT, 9 of the 18-24 distinguishable bands were shared. These results suggest the usefulness of DNA fingerprinting in fisheries genetics as a marker for the assessment of inbreeding rates, and also for the identification of individuals and families.View full abstractDownload PDF (1450K) -
Muhammad Zairin, Kiyoshi Furukawa, Katsumi Aida1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2033-2037
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTo investigate the changes in ovarian maturity in the tropical walking catfish, 15 females and 15 males (7 months old) were maintained under constant warm water temperature (23-25°C) and natural photoperiod until the age of 31 months old. Blood and ovarian oocytes were sampled monthly. Histological observation of the oocytes revealed that 10-31 months old females always possessed mature oocytes which had completed vitellogenesis. However, the percentages of mature oocytes fluctuated and atretic oocytes were also observed. No spontaneous ovulation or spawning occurred during the experiment. However, all females which had received a human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) injection (0.8 IU/g BW) had succeeded in ovulation by the end of the experiment. Plasma estradiol-17β and testosterone started to increase at 8 months old, and there-after fluctuated at high levels. However, testosterone levels became higher in 2-year-old fish than did those in yearling fish. 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-P) levels also fluctuated, but average levels were lower than those of estradiol-17β and testosterone. Plasma 17α, 20β-dihydroxy-4-pregnen-3-one (17α, 20β-P) and progesterone were below detectable limits. These results indicate that female walking catfish can maintain conditions of maturity for an extended period under warm water and natural photoperiod.View full abstractDownload PDF (400K) -
Ningjun Li, Hideaki Endo, Tetsuhito Hayashi, Etsuo Watanabe1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2039-2044
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA pH sensor system, by which β-buffer capacity in fish muscle is determined continuously, was prepared from a pH electrode, a flow cell, a peristaltic pump, and a recorder. The optimum conditions for the proposed system were established, and then β-buffer capacity in fish muscles was determined by the the sensor system and a conventional method. Good correlation were obtained between β-buffffer capacities obtained by the output of the sensor and the conventional method. The results obtained by the system were also in good correlation with the K values. From these results, the possibility of determination of fish freshness with the proposed sensor system was suggested. The conditions for the determination of the buffer capacity in fish muscles were as follows: pH of buffer 7.0, flow rate 1.4 ml/min, and sample volume 50μl.View full abstractDownload PDF (382K) -
Ching-Yu Tsao, Fumio Nagayama1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2045-2053
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWith (15%) and without NaCl, the pH value of oyster paste dropped to 5 and below 4 respec-tively, throughout fermentation. The activities of enzymes except amylase in 15% NaCl were completely or partially inhibited during fermentation.
The total amount of free amino acids of oyster was 1, 692mg/100g, and the major free amino acids were Tau, Glu, Pro, Gly, Ala, and Asp. The six amino acids accounted for 70% of the total free amino acid. About 35mg/100g of β-Ala was detected. After fermentation, the maximum amino acid content in the extract with and without sodium chloride reached 2, 225 and 3, 103mg/100g, respectively.
The major nucleosides and their derivatives in oyster were inosine, guanosine, and hypoxanthine. Small quantities of AMP, ADP, and ATP were observed, but IMP was not detected. After four days, nucleotide could not be detected in the presence of salt.View full abstractDownload PDF (587K) -
Tamotsu Shoji, Hiroki Saeki, Atsushi Wakameda, Makoto Nakamura, Michio ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2055-2061
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe breaking strength of pressure-induced gel (P gel) from salted ground meat of walleye pollack surimi increases remarkably together with the change in subunit composition of myofibrillar (Mf) protein during storage at a low temperature (5°C). These changes in breaking strength and the subunit composition of Mf protein are unfavorable for fixing the quality of commercial P gel products. This study was carried out to discover whether the above changes are able to be controlled or not by the heat-treatment of P gel at high temperatures.
Thus, the P gel, after storage at 5°C, was subjected to heat-treatment at 90°C for 30 minutes (P-H gel). Although the heat-treatment of P gel caused a slight decrease in its break-ing strain together with a loss of its transparency, its breaking strength and subunit composition of Mf protein were practically unchanged. Subsequent storage of the P-H gel, thus prepared, at 5°C for 120h did not exert any unfavorable influence on the breaking strength, breaking strain, and subunit composition of Mf protein.
The results clearly indicated favorable conditions for fixation of the quality of P gel by heat-treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (1306K) -
Chao-Huang Tseng, Kuniko Yamaguchi, Mitsuhiro Nishimura, Manabu Kitami ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2063-2067
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVibrio alginolyticus ATCC 17749 was proved to produce an extracellular alginate lyase. The enzyme was purified from the culture fluid by ammonium sulfate precipitation followed by phenyl Sepharose CL-4B and blue Sepharose CL-6B chromatographies. The final enzyme preparation was homogeneous as judged by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The lyase was found to be specific for β-1, 4 bonds involving D-mannuronate units in alginate. A calcium chloride concentration of 1×10-2M activated the enzyme to reach a maximal activity, and calcium chloride was also effective on the increase in thermostability of the enzyme.View full abstractDownload PDF (802K) -
Kumiko Terauchi, Takashi Matsumoto, Nozomu Hirota1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2069-2073
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSAMP deaminase (EC 3. 5. 4. 6) which catalyzes the deamination of AMP to IMP was solu-bilized from the skeletal muscle of the snapper Pagrus auratus with potassium phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 0.1M KCl and 1mM 2-mercaptoethanol, and purified by ammonium sul-fate fractionation and three steps of column chromatography on cellulose phosphate P11, 5'AMP Sepharose 4B, and Butyl-Toyopearl 650S. The purified enzyme was shown to be homogeneous by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and the specific activity of the enzyme was 40.7 units/mg protein, showing 254-fold purification. The molecular weight of the native enzyme was estimated to be 3.12×105 by gel filtration and 8.2×104 by SDS-polyacrylamide slab gel electrophoresis. These results suggest that the native enzyme has a tetrameric struc-ture and that it has somewhat larger molecular weight than that of AMP deaminases from the muscle of other species.View full abstractDownload PDF (397K) -
Kumiko Terauchi, Takashi Matsumoto, Nozomu Hirota1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2075-2079
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSeveral properties of AMP deaminase (EC 3. 5. 4. 6) purified from the skeletal muscle of the snapper Pagrus auratus were investigated. The purified enzyme showed optimum activity at pH 7.2 in potassium phosphate buffer, and the activity was stable between pH 6.8-7.5.
The purified enzyme was specific for 5'-AMP and a Michaelis constant for AMP in sodium cacodylate buffer at pH 7.2 was estimated at 1.6mM when the activity was assayed in the presence of KCl. The enzyme was activated by monovalent cations: K+ was the most effective, followed by Na+, Li+, Rb+, and Cs+ in that order. It was markedly inhibited by Cd2+, Cu2+, and Zn2+. Fluoride exerted non-competitive inhibition on the enzyme with a Ki of 2.8mM.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Hiroko Watanabe, Hideaki Yamanaka, Hiroshi Yamakawa1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2081-2088
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe changes in content of ATP and its related compounds, free amino acids, polyamines, and D-and L-lactic acids were investigated in the muscle of disk abalone during storage at 0, 5, and 10°C in relation to freshness.
ATP culminated on the 1st day of storage at 5 and 10°C. Then, a remarkable decrease in ATP and ADP was observed together with the accumulation of AMP. ATP degradation in the muscle stored at 0°C was faster than those stored at 5 or 10°C. The accumulation of AMP was most remarkable during storage at 0°C. IMP and adenosine were detected in small amounts, indicating that AMP was decomposed through two pathways. The total amounts of free amino acids in the muscle of live disk abalone ranged from 3, 600 to 4, 200mg/100g. During storage the total amounts of free amino acids increased once and thereafter decreased markedly. Though the level of L-lactic acid remained low during storage, D-lactic acid increased remarkably. D-Lactic acid was considered to be one of the main end-products in the glycolytic pathway. D-Lactic acid also ap-peared to be useful as a potential index for the freshness of disk abalone, and at the stage of initial decomposition D-lactic acid was detected at the level of 10 to 12μmol/g.View full abstractDownload PDF (515K) -
Teiichiro Ookawa, Kiyosi Ninomiya, Kanjiro Takahashi, Takahide Tsuchiy ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2089-2093
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMackerel water-soluble protein concentrate (SPC), which had been concentrated by an ultrafiltration system, were treated with several polymer coagulants to recover protein at high concentration. Over 90% of the protein in the SPC was aggregated by coagulating agents. The aggregation ratio depended on the pH of the reaction. The highest ratio of aggregation was obtained at about pH 5.0.
In addition, the effects of alcohols and organic acid salts in aggregating the protein in the SPC were studied. The ratio of the aggregation increased slightly by the addition of alcohols, but not by the addition of organic acid salts.View full abstractDownload PDF (317K) -
Shuichi Satoh, Voranop Viyakarn, Yoshie Yamazaki, Toshio Takeuchi, Tak ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2095-2100
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe available phosphorus (P) contents in fish meal diets with or without supplemental P were determined by the indirect method in common carp and rainbow trout, which have different digestive systems. These values were compared with the amount of P fractionated with deionized water (Fr. I), 80% acetic acid (Fr. II), and 0.25M hydrochloric acid (Fr. III), in order to simplify estimation of available P content in a fish feed.
The determined available P contents in the fish meal diets for carp appeared to coincide with the amount of P extracted by deionized water (Fr. I). On the other hand, the available P contents in rainbow trout diets without supplemental P were found to be similar to the sum of P in Frs. I, II, and III, but those in the diets with supplemental P appeared to be equivalent to the amount of P in Fr. I. The results obtained in this study suggest that the value of P extracted with deionized water can be used for available P contents in carp feeds regardless of the kind of fish meal or sup-plementation of P. In the case of rainbow trout, P extracted with deionized water also can be used as an available P for the diets containing sufficient soluble P, but the summation of P in Frs. I, II, and III may be necessary for the estimation in feeds without supplementation of soluble P.View full abstractDownload PDF (414K) -
Taiko Miyasaki, Mamoru Sato, Reiji Yoshinaka, Morihiko Sakaguchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2101-2104
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConversion of L-ascorbyl-2-phosphate (ASP) to L-ascorbic acid (AsA) was investigated in vivo in rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss administered with AsP orally and intraperitoneally.
AsP magnesium salt or AsA (each 200μmol in 2g of casein basal diet) was orally administered to each rainbow trout once. The fish were sacrificed at varying intervals during the experimental period, and the plasma AsA concentrations and the amounts of AsP and AsA in the contents of the alimentary canal were measured by high-performance liquid chromatography. There was no statistical difference in the plasma AsA concentration between the AsP-administered group and the AsA-administered group (control). The AsP concentration in the plasma was below detectable levels throughout the experimental period. Most of the AsP administered was hydrolyzed to AsA in the pyloric caeca and intestine but not in the stomach.
AsP magnesium salt (10μmol) was also administered to rainbow trout (40-70g) intraperi-toneally. AsA concentrations in the plasma, liver, and kidney increased rapidly after the AsP injection. A little AsP was detected in the plasma, liver, and kidney 1h after the injection; the AsP concentration decreased below detectable levels after 3h.
These findings indicate the ready conversion of AsP to AsA in the rainbow trout body.View full abstractDownload PDF (336K) -
Tetsuro Yoshiwa, Kyozo Morimoto, Koji Sakamoto, Yukihiro Ishikawa1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2105-2110
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVolatile components collected by the purge-and-trap method from fresh and stored (5 and 10°C; 24 and 48h) sardine Sardinops melanosticta mince samples were analyzed by capillary column gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). For-ty-one and fifty-nine compounds were identified in fresh and stored samples, respectively. Ac-cording to the prolongation of storage time, the following compounds increased remarkably; propanal, 2-propenal, butanal, pentanal, hexanal, (E)-2-pentenal, 2, 3-butanedione, 1-penten3-one, 2, 3-pentanedione, 1-penten-3-ol, (Z)-2-penten-1-ol, 1-propanol, and 2-ethyl-furan. It was supposed that the characteristic fishy odor of sardine may be attributed to the presence of carbonyls of carbon numbers 3-6 and l-penten-3-ol.View full abstractDownload PDF (401K) -
Takao Yoshimatsu, Masayuki Furuichi, Chikara Kitajima1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2111-2117
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe optimum levels of protein in purified experimental diets were investigated for two age-groups of redlip mullet Liza haematocheila: 0-year fish, average body weight 1.22g; 1-year fish, average body weight 23.2g. The fish were fed diets comprising various levels of casein as the protein source, and dextrin and α-starch (gelatinized starch) as the digestible carbohydrate source in the two experiments. The gorwth performance was examined in terms of weight gain, feed efficiency, protein efficiency ratio, protein retention rate, body composition, and so on in 8-week feeding trials at 21.7-27.5 (0-year fish) and 21.0-29.0°C (1-year fish).
Based upon the results of these studies, the optimum levels of dietary protein in redilip mullet were estimated to be 40-45% (carbohydrate level 35-29%, DE/P ratio 88.6-78.6) for 0-year fish, and 35% (carbohydrate level 41%, DE/P ratio 101.6) for 1-year fish. Thus, a 5-10% decrease in the optimum dietary protein level with growth was observed under isocaloric dietary conditions (di-gestible energy value 353.0-356.0kcal/100g) with a constant lipid level. Therefore it is suggested that redlip mullet might have a high potential for using dietary carbohydrate.View full abstractDownload PDF (452K) -
Toshimitsu Ito, Yuko Ito, Makoto Osada, Katsuyoshi Mori1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2119-2124
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis study was undertaken to identify an opsonin in the coelomic fluid of Strongylocentrotus nudus by separating several humoral defense factors using galactose-affinity chromatography. A galactose-binding-protein had no opsonic activity against rabbit and sheep erythrocytes, whereas the galactose-unadsorbed fraction and hemolysin fraction separated by affinity adsorption onto formaldehyde-fixed ghosts of sheep erythrocytes possessed significant opsonic activity against both erythrocytes. The opsonic and hemolytic activities of the hemolysin fraction were inactivated at the same temperature (50°C) at which the opsonic acitivity of the fresh coelomic fluid was lost.The opsonic activity of the hemolysin fraction was inhibited by complement inhibitors such as hydrazine and threonine. These results suggest that a hemolysin in the coelomic fluid mainly plays an important role as an opsonin in the initial internal defense system.View full abstractDownload PDF (519K) -
Yoshihiro Yokoyama, Morihiko Sakaguchi, Fumio Kawai, Masao Kanamori1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2125-2136
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChanges in the levels of ATP-related compounds were investigated in the adductor muscle, mantle, gill, and body trunk of the oyster Crassostrea gigas during ice storage, in relation to fresh-ness. The determination was performed using an improved HPLC system with isocratic elution.
The level of ATP-related compounds in the adductor muscle was about twice that found in the other 3 tissues tested. In adductor muscle, ATP decreased rapidly, while AMP and IMP accu-mulated. Only adductor muscle contained AdR. The K value in the adductor muscle increased linearly but slowly during storage (about 22% at the initial decomposition stage), while the K' value increased rapidly and reached about 70% at the initial decomposition stage and thereafter remained constant. In mantle, gill, and body trunk, ATP levels decreased slowly, whereas ADP and AMP accumulated. IMP was present at low levels. The K values in the 3 tissues were low at the acceptable stage. The K' value increased slowly but linearly during storage. A. E. C. value decreased rapidly and continuously from 70-80% to 10-20% during the acceptable stage. Although K or K' values in the adductor muscle and K' or A. E. C. values in the other 3 tissues could be used as freshness indices, the K' value in the adductor muscle and the A. E. C. value in the other 3 tissues appeared to be most useful as freshness indices of oysters.View full abstractDownload PDF (716K) -
Hiroki Saeki, Tamotsu Shoji, Fumio Hirata, Michio Nonaka, Ken-ichi Ara ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2137-2146
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSalt-ground meat of skipjack tuna, carp, and walleye pollack containing 0-20 mmol CaCl2/kg was incubated at 10-40°C for setting. During incubation, changes in breaking strength and the subunit composition of the myofibrillar protein of the setting gel were examined.
The gel formation and the cross-linking reaction of the myosin heavy chain (HC) of the salt-ground meat were promoted by the addition of CaCl2. CaCl2 exerted its effect by increas-ing the HC polymers during setting of skipjack tuna and carp salt-ground meat. On the other hand, CaCl2 stimulated the formation of large size HC polymers in walleye pollack meat, which were components corresponding to HC polymers too large to be solubilized into SDS-urea buffer. Moreover, the degree of the stimulatory effects of CaCl2 on gel formation and the cross-linking reaction of HC of the salt-ground meat was found to be in the order of skipjack tuna>carp>walleye pollack, from largest to smallest. This order was essentially the same as for the thermal stability of the myofibrillar protein for these fish species.View full abstractDownload PDF (839K) -
Effects of Dietary Ascorbic Acid on Tolerance to Intermittent Hypoxic Stress in Japanese Parrot FishYasunori Ishibashi, Keitaro Kato, Shizunori Ikeda, Osamu Murata, Toshi ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2147-2152
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSControl and stressed groups of juvenile Japanese parrot fish Oplegnathus fasciatus were fed diets (moist pellet) supplemented with 0, 75, and 300mg of ascorbic acid (AsA) per 100g. Fish in the stressed group were intermittently exposed to decreasing water oxygen levels every 3 or 4 days for 16 weeks.
In the fish given a diet containing no AsA supplement, AsA-deficiency symptoms were manifest-ed earlier, and to a greater extent, in the stressed fish than in the non-stressed ones. Similarly, the growth of stressed fish fed on a diet supplemented with 75mg AsA per 100g was inferior to the growth of the control group, and in the stressed fish there was a reduction in AsA levels in the plasma, kidneys, and gills. On the other hand, fish fed on a diet supplemented with 300mg of AsA per 100g were barely affected by the stressor.
These results indicate that, in Japanese parrot fish under these experimental conditions, ex-posure to intermittent hypoxic stress not only induced AsA-deficiency disease early, but also in-creased the AsA requirement. It was also shown that high doses of AsA increased the ability of these fish to resist the stressor.View full abstractDownload PDF (478K) -
Takashi Yanagimoto, Munehiko Tanaka, Yuji Nagashima, Takeshi Taguchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2153-2158
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe influence of the Maillard reaction on the antibacterial activity of salmine was determined. A model system consisting of salmine sulfate (1g) and xylose (1.5g) in 10ml of distilled water (pH 5, 7, 9, or 11) was prepared and heated at 100°C for up to 60h to accelerate the Maillard reaction. The development of brown color was more pronounced in model systems with a higher initial pH value. It was revealed that the antibacterial activity of salmine increased at the beginning of the Maillard reaction. The minimum inhibitory concentration of salmine against Bacillus subtilis (IAM 1026) decreased to 75μg per ml of medium from 250μg as a result of the Maillard reaction. However, Gram-negative bacteria were not sensitive to either salmine or browned salmine. Browned salmine was bactericidal against B. subtilis, while salmine before the reaction seemed to be bacteri-ostatic. The addition of browned salmine to kamaboko at the level of 1% resulted in the elongation of its shelf-life at 5°C.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
Atsushi Mitsutani, Kaoru Takesue, Masanori Kirita, Yuzaburo Ishida1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2159-2167
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMany heterotrophic bacteria isolated from the coastal waters of the Ariake Sea were screened as to their ability to lyse diatoms. Among them a strain of Cytophaga, which has strong algal-lytic activity against the diatom Skeletonema costatum, was selected. This strain was derived from samples collected during the period of small-scale bloom of S. costatum. Cytophaga sp. could lyse Dytilum brightwellii, S. costatum, Tharassiosira sp., and Chattonella antiqua, but could not lyse Chaetoceros didymum or Gymnodinium nagasakiense. The process of lysis of S. costatum by Cytophaga sp. was examined in coculture. Several days after the bacterium was inoculated to the culture of S. costatum, the cell number of the bacterium increased rapidly without lysing algal cells, and after it reached the order of 106 cells/ml the lysis of algae began to be observed. The bacterial number increased again with the progress of lysis and reached the order of 107 cells/ml. These results suggest that Cytophaga sp. can utilize not only algal cells but also EOC excreted from the algae. A significant increase in the number of protoplasts of diatom was microscopically observed in the process of lysis of the algae, following which these protoplasts were thoroughly lysed and disappeared in the last stage of lysis.View full abstractDownload PDF (1480K) -
Chiaki Imada, Usio Simidu1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2169-2174
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStreptomyces corchorusii subsp. rhodomarinus subsp. nov. which was isolated from marine sediment produced an extracellular α-amylase inhibitor named “amylostreptin”. The optimal medium of the strain for the production of amylostreptin was investigated by using shake flask and an improved basal medium. Soluble starch as a carbon source and Polypepton as a nitrogen source were excellent for amylostreptin production as well as the growth of the strain. The maximum production of amylostreptin (62.6×103 units/0.1ml of broth) was observed in a medium consisting of 1.0% soluble starch, 1.2% Polypepton, and 0.1% Bacto-yeast extract at pH 7.5 in 25%(v/v) seawater. Under the optimal cultivation conditions mentioned above, the production of amylostreptin increased about 3 times compared to the initial level.
The crude amylostreptin was very stable up to 100°C for 30 min as well as in a wide range of pH stability from 1 to 13.View full abstractDownload PDF (362K) -
Kaoru Kawashima, Hideaki Yamanaka1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2175-2180
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSScallop adductor muscle was examined for changes in contents of ATP and its related com-pounds, arginine phosphate, octopine, arginine, polyamines, and lactic acids during storage at 5, 0, and -3°C.
The decrease in ATP and arginine phosphate and the increase in octopine were faster at -3, 0, and 5°C, in that order. During storage, a low level of AMP accumulation, a rapid increase in inosine, and a gradual increase in hypoxanthine were observed. The K value increased fastest at -3°C, and slowest at 5°C, as opposed to the case of fish and prawn. However, results of sensory evaluation indicated that decomposition progressed fastest at 5°C. IMP as well as adenosine was detected during storage, suggesting AMP degraded through two pathways. L-Lactic acid was detected in a small amount, but D-lactic acid was detected in a fairly large amount and accumulated as decomposition progressed. Not only octopine but also D-lactic acid was thought to be the end-products of glycolysis in scallop adductor muscle. As for polyamines, agmatine, putrescine, cadaverine, and tryptamine were detected as decomposition progressed.View full abstractDownload PDF (415K) -
Jianrong Wan, Nobuo Seki1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2181-2187
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSSalted surimi pastes were prepared either with each of NaCl, KCl, and NH4Cl, or with a mixture of the two salts at pH 7.0 and a constant ionic strength (I=0.6) in the presence or absence of monodansyl cadaverine (MDC). They were incubated at 25°C for several hours (suwari gel) and then heated at 90°C for 20 min (cooked gel). The gels produced were analyzed by measuring the breaking strength and amounts of cross-linked myosin heavy chain and incor-porated MDC as a probe of transglutaminase activity.
The breaking strength of the directly heated gels containing NaCl and KCl at various ratios was almost constant, whereas those of the suwari and cooked gels increased in propor-tion to the increasing ratio of NaCl to KCl. A similar NaCl-dependent increase was found in the amounts of cross-linked myosin heavy chain and incorporated MDC.
The breaking strength of suwari and cooked gels was strongly depressed by a small amount of NH4Cl (in the mM range) contained in NaCl at a total ionic strength of I=0.6 with a con-comitant decrease in the amounts of cross-linked myosin heavy chain and incorporated MDC.View full abstractDownload PDF (1288K) -
Akiko Yamada, Katsumi Takano, Ikuzo Kamoi1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2189-2195
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo α-glucosidases, I and II, of the intestine of Tilapia nilotica were purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation, followed by affinity chromatography (α-cyclodextrin-Sepharose 6B), gel filtration (Sephadex G-150), and chromatofocusing (poly exchanger PBE 94). Each of the two α-glucosidases was found to he in pure form when examined by electrophoresis.
The specific activity of I was 27-fold of that of the crude extract, which was slightlyhigher than 21-fold for that of II. The enzymes I and II had molecular weights of 25, 000 and 17, 000 and showed the highest activity at a pH of 6.O and at 55°C, respectively. Both enzymes were stable at pH 5.5-7.5 and below 60°C.
The Km values for p-nitrophenyl-α-D-glucopyranoside of two enzymes, I and II, were caiculated to be 2.61 and 1.65mM, respectively.
Both activities of the enzymes were inhibited by Hg2+ and DTNB. Both enzymes speci-fically digested maltose, maltotriose, maltotetraose, maltopentaose, and maltohexaose, but not amylose.View full abstractDownload PDF (2157K) -
Emiko Okazaki, Koji Nakamura1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2197-2206
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the purpose of the utilization of sarcoplasmic protein of fish (Sp-P) as a food material, the behavior of the Sp-P under a high pressure was examined.
Sp-P from sardine, walleye pollack, flatfish, and horse mackerel was observed to be insolubilized and precipitated at a pressure above 1, 500kg/cm2. When the concentration of Sp-P was above 50mg/ml, the protein was texturized. The characteristics of the texturized product were affected by many factors such as fish species, pH, protein concentration, pressure, and treatment time.
An observation under a scanning electron microscope and physical measurement revealed that the structure of the texturized material was porous but elastic, and it was quite different from that of the coagulum obtained from Sp-P by heat treatment.
It is concluded that pressurization might be an advantageous treatment for the texturization of Sp-P.View full abstractDownload PDF (3162K) -
Toshiki Nakano, Katsumi Ono, Masaaki Takeuchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2207
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (116K) -
Youichi Tsukamoto, Akima Umezawa, Katsumi Tsukamoto, Muneo Okiyama1992 Volume 58 Issue 11 Pages 2209
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1153K)
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