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Volume 58, Issue 12
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Hiroshi Kitani1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2211-2217
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSPostlarvae of penaeid prawns were collected in coastal waters. It was revealed that the relationship between the lengths of carapace and body parts such as the 6th abdominal somite or 3rd pereiopod was linear, and the difference in that relationship between species was supposed to be applicable for the identification of postlarvae. From this viewpoint, examinations and rearing experiments on wild postlarvae were carried out. It was revealed that the relative growth of carpus of the 3rd pereopod facilitated the identification of wild postlarvae, especially those with close similarities in morphology. The introduction of this new criterion is concluded to be useful for distinguishing species.View full abstractDownload PDF (452K) -
Noriyuki Hara, Tatsurou Murayama1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2219-2227
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWe analyzed yearly changes in catches of the yellowtail Seriola quinqueradiata in set net fisheries in the adjacent waters of Japan and obtained the following results.
1) Long-term trends in fish catches show different patterns between growth stages.
2) The abundance of adult fish migrating into coastal areas of Japan has been decreasing since the 1950's, sharply in the northern (lower water temperature) regions and gradually in the southern (higher water temperature) regions.
3) However, young fish migrating into the waters of Japan has not been decreasing con-tinuously since the 1950's, and especially those migrating into southern coastal areas of Japan have increased since the mid-1970's.
From these results, we conclude that the distributional/migrational range of adult fish has been reduced and restricted to southern regions, due to a decrease in its stock size, and that the distributional range of young fish has also shifted toward the southern regions.View full abstractDownload PDF (617K) -
Seiichi Ichikawa, Yoshiharu Wakao, Yasuwo Fukuyo1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2229-2233
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe global expansion of red tide and toxic dinoflagellates is facilitated by increasing the transportation of their cysts in the ballast water of cargo ships. Preventive measures for such expansion should be urgently developed. The potential of hydrogen peroxide as an extermina-tion agent was investigated under laboratory conditions.
Natural cysts were isolated after an ordinary cleaning procedure and were exposed to several concentrations of hydrogen peroxide solution ranging from 0 to 1, 000mg/l. Then, the cysts were rinsed and incubated individually in sterile filtered seawater to observe their mor-phological change and germination ability.
The cysts of Polykrikos schwartzii were exterminated after exposure to 100mg/l hydrogen peroxide for 24h. No germination was observed from cysts of Alexandrium catenella exposed to 30mg/l hydrogen peroxide for 48h. All cysts of A. tamarense exposed to 30mg/l hydrogen peroxide for 48h showed protoplasm contraction and decolorization. Hydrogen peroxide at a 100mg/l concentration in seawater broke down within 30 days, and showed no significant difference from seawater in corrosion ability. The present results definitely support the notion that hydrogen peroxide has high potential as an extermination agent against dinoflagellate cysts in ballast water without damaging tank materials and environmental concerns.View full abstractDownload PDF (1206K) -
Tetsuya Takatsu, Toyomi Takahashi, Toshikuni Nakatani, Tatsuaki Maeda, ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2235-2243
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDistribution and movement of walleye pollock Theragra chalcogramma eggs, larvae, and juveniles were investigated in Mutsu Bay from February to July in 1989 and 1990. During February and March, eggs and larvae were mostly found in the mouth part of the bay. In April, larvae and juveniles were widely distributed in the bay, where the water temperature ranged from 7.5 to 10.1°C and their main food organisms, particularly Pseudocalanus spp., were abundant in the same area. In this period, large-sized juveniles were mainly collected near the bottom in the eastern part of the bay, whereas larvae and small-sized juveniles were concentrated in the shallow waters near the mouth part of the bay. In May, the water tem-perature at the surface rose to 10.9-12.7°C and most of the juveniles moved to the bottom of the western and mouth part of the bay. After June, it seems probable that juveniles began to migrate outside of the bay, because of high water temperature and a lack of food organisms in the bay.View full abstractDownload PDF (658K) -
Tsutomu Hattori, Yasunori Sakurai, Kenji Shimazaki1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2245-2252
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe maturation process and reproductive cycle of female Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus were examined in the waters adjacent to the southern and southeastern coasts of Hokkaido, Japan, by collecting fish between April 1989 and September 1990.
Histological examination was made of the ovaries. During the course of ovarian maturation, a portion of the oocytes became isolated from immature oocytes at the yolk vesicle stage (less than 0.3mm in diameter) and gradually developed into a group of yolky oocytes. When these oocytes reached the migratory nucleus stage (0.5-0.7mm in diameter), they began to change into transparent mature eggs (0.8-0.9mm in diameter) accompanied by hydration and yolk fusion. Following this, all of the mature eggs were simultaneously ovulated into the ovarian cavity. The maturity of female Pacific cod was histologically divided into nine grades from yolkless phase (I) to spent phase (IX). Ovaries gradually developed to the yolk vesicle phase from spring to summer. The onset of yolk formation and the most active yolk formation occurred from August through November. Females with ovaries at the migratory nucleus phase appeared during December and January. From the changes in maturity states and the gonadsomatic index (GSI values), the peak of spwaning in this region was assumed to occur during the period of late December through January. Also, the age of first maturation of female cod was estimated to be four years old.View full abstractDownload PDF (1634K) -
Ken-ichi Watanabe, Kyoichi Tamai, Ken-ichi Numachi1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2253-2260
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFeeding habits of two forms of flounder belonging to the genus Pleuronichthys, form A (Japanese local name: Honmeita) and form B (Bakemeita), gathering around Kiisuido Channel waters were investigated. Both forms of flounder feed chiefly on Polychaeta. The former also feed partly on Amphipoda, Gastropoda, Anthozoa, and Bivalvia, and the latter on Am-phipoda. Of Polychaeta, Eunice indica, Kinbergonuphis enoshimaensis, Paraprionospio sp. (Cl), Lygdamis giardi, Ampharete sp., and Amphicteis sp., which inhabit a wide depth range, appearedin the stomachs of both flounders. But form A often predated on polychaetes which occurred in shallower water, such as Diopatra sugokai and Owenia fusiformis, while form B fed on polychaetes in deeger water, such as Eunice fauchaldi and Onuphis spp. Based on these re-sults, together with the pattern of occurrence of their eggs, it was concluded that form A inhabits waters shallower than 80m, while form B occupies waters deeper than 60m. Their distribution overlaps mainly in the area between 60 and 80m depths where the two forms are thought to compete for food.View full abstractDownload PDF (619K) -
Kaworu Nakamura, Norikazu Matsuzaki, Ken-Ichiroh Yonekura1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2261-2267
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFor the kuruma prawn Penaeus japonicus, histological studies were conducted to reveal the time schedule of organogenesis of the genital organ and the androgenic gland during postlarval periods from the 20th day-stage (P20) to P110.
The gonad, the vas deferens, and the ejaculatory bulb have already been observed at P20. The gonad had primordial and mesodermal cells in its cords situated on the dorsal midgut gland. The proximal vas deferens of P30 was located near the descending aorta. The distal vas deferens consisted of fibrillar connective tissue provided with a longitudinal recess. The ejaculatory bulb was composed of epithelial cells and fibrillar connective tissue linked to the network of loose con-nective tissue under the epidermis of the coxopodite. The petasma was found at P50. At P55, the androgenic gland was recognized as an organ of cellular mass at the posterior surface of the ejaculatory bulb wall. Until P60, sex discrimination of the gonad was difficult.View full abstractDownload PDF (3323K) -
Yasushi Harada1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2269-2275
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSStocking of natural populations with fish fry, which are artificially reared or taken from other populations, is performed in order to enhance fishing productivity. For several reasons, artificially reared or foreign fry are sometimes expected to have a less adaptive genetic nature than indigenous ones. In such cases, natural reproduction of the released individuals has not only a positive effect of increase in the population egg production, but also a negative effect of genetic deterioration. In this paper, I analyze the effect of the maladaptive genetic nature of released individuals on resource enhancement by using simple mathematical models, and show that the total effect of the natural reproduction of maladaptive individuals is negative. Thus, low fecundity and selective harvesting of the released individuals are desirable not only from the viewpoint of genetic conservation, but also from that of resource enhancement. I also analyze the effect of the ratio of sexes released, and show that the enhancement effect is high and the degree of genetic deterioration is low if it is female biased.View full abstractDownload PDF (560K) -
Eiji Yamashita, Takao Matsuno1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2277-2282
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA series of new apocarotenoids, micropteroxanthins, has been isolated from the integuments of the black bass Micropterus salmoides, namely α-micropteroxanthin A, α-micropteroxanthin B, β-micropteroxanthin, and 7, 8-didehydro-β-micropteroxanthin. These structures have been de-termined to be (3S, 6S)-11', 12'-dihydro-10'-apo-ε-carotene-3, 10'-diol, (3R, 6S)-11', 12'-dihydro-10'-apo-ε-carotene-3, 10'-diol, (3R)-11', 12'-dihydro-10'-apo-β-carotene-3, 10'-diol, and 3(R)-7, 8-didehydro-11', 12'-dihydro-10'-apo-β-carotene-3, 10'-diol, respectively.
The possible metabolic pathways of carotenoids to new apocarotenoids, micropteroxanthins, by an eccentric cleavage in the black bass have been proposed.View full abstractDownload PDF (412K) -
Makoto Osada, Tatsuya Unuma, Katsuyoshi Mori1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2283-2289
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA female specific protein (FSP) was identified and purified from the ovary of the Japanese scal-lop Patinopecten yessoensis by immunological techniques and a combination of precipitation with distilled water, ammonium sulfate fractionation, hydroxylapatite chromatography, and gel filtration. The molecular mass was determined to be approximately 450kDa. Three other female specific proteins, two with the same molecular mass and the other with 700kDa, showed different electro-phoretic mobility from each other on native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and reacted to antiserum against purified FSP (anti-FSP) by immunoblotting. No FSP was immunologically detected in the extract of the digestive diverticula or in the concentrated hemolymph. However, the extracts from the ovary of Chlamys farreri nipponensis and Mytilus edulis, though not those of Crassostrea gigas, reacted to anti-FSP. The amount of FSP in the ovarian extract from the scallop increased with the progressive growth of the oocytes and this protein wsa localized in the cyto-plasm of the oocyte. It is assumed that the purified FSP is formed as a yolk protein in the ovary and the yolk protein is possibly composed of four molecules synthesized from the same source as this purified FSP, the antigenicity of which is partially maintained among bivalve species.View full abstractDownload PDF (3253K) -
Chokei Itosu, Makoto Nakamura, Yuichi Chiba, Masabumi Seto, Shinya Ota ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2291-2296
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe diffusion problem of buoyant jets issuing vertically upwards into stagnant ambient fluid is treated. The jets are expected to be utilized as a fish screen to control fish behavior by fencing a water body with the buoyant jets. There have been many studies of vertical buoyant jets related to diffusion problems of warm water discharged from power plants. In these previous studies, the Gaussian error curve is assumed to give an adequate approxima-tion to the actual velocity and concentration distribution. However, our experiment shows that the instantaneous density distribution is discontinuous, but if the time mean is taken, the distribution is close to the Gaussian curve. On the basis of the results of this experiment, the problem of jets is developed theoretically by assuming the discontinuity of density on the boundary between jet and ambient fluid, which is verified by experiments.
The equations deduced to evaluate the entrainment of ambient fluid, velocity, and density are shown to be very simple in comparison with the usual equations, and have good accuracy for practical use.View full abstractDownload PDF (325K) -
Kohji Shiota, Syuiti Kitada1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2297-2302
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSInvestigations into the migratry patterns of the swimming crab Portunus trituberculatus have been necessary for a stock enhancement program. From 1984 to 1989, 1, 161 swimming crabs were marked and released in Hiuchi Nada over different three seasons. Tag recoveries from the three groups were 11.2, 46.6, and 34.7%, respectively. More than 91% of those swimming crabs were recaptured in shallow waters less than 20km from the release sites, and the maximum displacement distance was 47km. The movement showed a hibernation area of 20 to 30m in depth and a spawning migration to shallow waters of less than 10m. No marked crabs were recovered outside of Hiuchi Nada. It is considered that swimming crabs in Hiuchi Nada complete their life-cycle in a narrow area of less than 30 min depth after recruitment to the coastal tidelandView full abstractDownload PDF (440K) -
Odang Carman, Takashi Oshiro, Fumio Takashima1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2303-2309
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe variation in the maximum number of nucleoli per cell in diploid and triploid common carp Cyprinus carpio related to their age was found in attempts to verify the validity of nucleoli counting as an indirect method for polyploidy identification in fish. Although in most cases diploid com-mon carp have a maximum of two nucleoli per cell, some individuals with a maximum of either one, three, and four nucleoli per cell were observed. Anomaly in the silver-stained appearance and the maximum number and distribution of nucleoli were also found in the liver cells, but no clear dif-ference in the maximum number or distribution was found in other somatic tissues (gill, intestine, kidney, spleen, or caudal fin) in either male or female. Most triploids, calibrated by chromosome counts, derived from breeders with a maximum of two nucleoli per cell, had a maximum of three nucleoli per cell. But the distribution of nucleoli in diploid and triploid individuals showed considerable variation, and the maximum number of nucleoli per cell of some triploids changed from two at 1 year to three at 3 years after hatching.View full abstractDownload PDF (2144K) -
Jun Kurita, Mitsuru Sakaizumi, Fumio Takashima1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2311-2314
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHybrid females between Oryzias latipes sinensis and O. curvinotus lay non-reductional diploid eggs. We tried to produce trigenomic allotriploid medaka by fertilizing the diploid eggs with the sperm of three different species of Oryzias, O. celebensis, O. melastigma, and O. javanicus. Viable offspring were obtained when the eggs were inseminated by O. celebensis. Karyotype analysis confirmed that these fish were trigenomic allotriploids with three different genomes from O. latipes sinensis, O. curvinotus, and O. celebensis. Electrophoretic patterns of proteins (soluble muscle protein and eight isozymes) of these trigenomic allotriploids showed a normal expression of genes from these three genomes.View full abstractDownload PDF (991K) -
Haruyuki Kanehiro, Hiromi Fujii, Kaname Sato, Makoto Suzuki1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2315-2319
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatigue phenomena of nylon filaments which have recently been used as fishing gear material for tuna long-line fishing have been investigated. Fatigue tests were carried out with two nylon filaments (No. 150 monofilament and No. 50×3-ply filament).
Results show that there is a great difference in fatigue behavior between the two nylons.
Monofilament is found to have high resistance to tension cycling fatigue. In addition the measurement of the residual strength after 104 cycles of fatigue testing at a higher loading level (S/T0=75%) shows no strength loss but rather an increase (5 to 10%).
In 3-ply filament, however, a decrease in fatigue life and a marked loss of residual strength after fatigue testing (12 to 27%) are observed.
As a result, it can be concluded that the fatigue behavior of nylon filaments depends heavily on the construction of the filaments (number of filaments and twist). In 3-ply filament, fiber-fiber interactions and the twist of filament have a greater influence on the decrease of its fatigue life and the residual strength loss.View full abstractDownload PDF (422K) -
Haruyuki Kanehiro, Hiromi Fujii, Makoto Suzuki1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2321-2327
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe fatigue fracture morphology of two nylon filaments (mono and 3-ply) have been inves-tigated.
Photographs of tensile fracture indicate that the two nylons show a similar straight fracture across the fiber axis. However, in fatigue fracture morphology, two typical kinds of morpho-logical feature are obtained.
In monofilament, fatigue fracture is developed along the fiber axis, showing longitudinal splitting (long tail-like rupture end). While in 3-ply filament, the fracture occurs across its axis, showing a plain rupture end.
It is suggested that the two types of fracture morphology reflect the different fracture mechanism between the two nylons.
These causes are discussed in detail in order to understand the fatigue mechanism of the nylon filaments.View full abstractDownload PDF (3122K) -
Kotaro Kikuchi, Shigenobu Takeda, Haruo Honda, Michiyasu Kiyono1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2329-2333
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeasurements of the rate of nitrogenous excretion were carried out on fed and starved Japanese flounder of 1.5 to 6.5g (juvenile), and 15 to 91g (young) in body weight at 20°C. Ammonia-N and urea-N excretion of the starved juvenile flounder were 0.76±0.20mg-N and 0.09±0.03mg-N/100g/h, and those of the young flounder were 0.23±0.05mg-N and 0.07±0.03mg-N/100g/h, respectively. Immediately after feeding, the rates of ammonia-N excretion per hour of both juvenile and young flounder became 2 to 3 times higher than those of the starved fish, and these elevated rates continued for more than 12h. In contrast to ammonia-N excretion, the rate of urea-N excretion per hour of the fed fish showed a major peak during the period of 6-12 or 12-24h after feeding.
In juvenile and young Japanese flounder fed on a pelleted diet containing 7.5% nitrogen at average rations of 3.0 and 1.3%, respectively, it is estimated that 23 and 21% of the consumed nitrogen was excreted as ammonia-N, 3 and 4% as urea-N, respectively, and about 13% as faeces-N within 24h after feeding.View full abstractDownload PDF (383K) -
Hiroko Ishioka, Ryo Kosugi, Kazuomi Ouchi, Akihiko Hara, Takeyuki Naga ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2335-2340
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSRecombinant red sea bream growth hormone (r-rsbGH) was injected intraperitoneally or intramuscularly into red sea bream weighing about 800g. R-rsbGH was rapidly introduced into the circulation through both injection methods, but r-rsbGH injected intramuscularly was retained at a higher level for a comparatively longer time. Based on this, young red sea bream in two groups (a 35 g-size group and a 45 g-size group) were injected intramuscularly on every sixth day with r-rsbGH solution at dosages of 0, 0.1, and 1 μg×(g body weight)-1. The r-rsbGH injections caused growth enhancement in terms of both length and weight in fish in the 35 g-size group, and the food conversion efficiency increased with increasing dosage in both groups.View full abstractDownload PDF (424K) -
Kenji Ikushima, Tadayoshi Sekiya, Shigeki Oku, Ikuo Yashiki, Nobuhiro ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2341-2343
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSConventional baits with inducement agents to catch fish and crustaceans have difficulty in controlling the release rates of the inducement agents when bitten into, resulting in a rapid loss of inducement agents into the water.
The present study aims to develop a durable bait, making use of an inclusion compound of cyclodextrin (CD) with an inducement agent. An inclusion compound of CD with an induce-ment agent was prepared from an aqueous solutionon containing CD and the inducement agent, followed by spray drying at an ambient temperature. The inclusion compound, thus prepared, was mixed with a resin and pelletized. Two kinds of pellet containing inducement agents with and without CD were prepared.
These pellets were dipped in flowing water and the amounts of inducement agents remain-ing in the pellets were measured. The pellet with the CD inclusion compound contained 2.5 times as much inducement agent compared with the pellet without CD after 10 days of dipp-ing in flowing water. Thus, the CD inclusion is effective for controlling the release rate of the inducement agents. Demonstration experiments to catch crustaceans were carried out in the Africa Ocean. The result indicates that raw fish is more effective than pellets (bait) con-taining CD But pellets are economically superior to raw fish because of their reliability and cenvenience handling.View full abstractDownload PDF (261K) -
Hiroyuki Mizuta, Yoshiaki Maita, Mitsuru Yanada1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2345-2350
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe seasonal changes of nitrogen metabolism in the sporophyte of Laminaria japonica (Phae-ophyceae) were investigated under a natural environment. The experiment was conventionally distinguished by concentrations of nitrogen compounds dissolved in seawater, that is, a relatively high NO2-+NO3- concentration period and a low one. In the high-nitrogen period, the prominent nitrogen metabolism was nitrogen uptake, assimilation, and accumulation. After the ambient nitrite+nitrate was exhausted from the seawater, the nitrogen metabolism was displaced to the utilization of the stored nitrogen. When the nitrogen limitation in the blade was severe about two months after entering the low-nitrogen period, the metabolism was characterized by the utilization of catabolite NH4+ in apical blade tissues. It was suggested from these results that the nitrogen metabolism was divided into three periods: (i) nitrogen uptake and assimilation, (ii) the utilization of stored nitrogen, and (iii) catabolic and re-assimilation periods, with the change in the nitrogen environment. Furthermore, the critical nitrogen content for maintaining maximum growth and the subsistent nitrogen content were 2.4 and 1.3% (on a dry weight basis), respectively. It is sug-gested that these nitrogen contents are useful for predicting the nitrogen status of the blade and for the effective management of L. japonica cultivation.View full abstractDownload PDF (522K) -
Keiichi Mushiake, Misao Arimoto, Toru Furusawa, Iwao Furusawa, Toshihi ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2351-2356
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIt has been indicated that parental spawners were a source of infection of a viral disease, “viral nervous necrosis”, in larval striped jack Pseudocaranx dentex. In this study, the prevalence of antibodies against the causative virus (SJNNV) was examined among brood stocks of striped jack by indirect ELISA. Indirect ELISA using purified SJNNV, rabbit anti-SJNNV serum, and enzyme-conjugated goat anti-rabbit IgG antibody was employed for antibody detection from the plasma. The plasma IgM partially purified by ion-exchange chromatography was used for ELISA detection. The antibody to SJNNV was detected at high frequency (65%) in plasma samples collected from brood stocks reared at various facilities regardless of their sex or origin (wild or domestic). This indicates that the virus is prevalent among cultured populations of this fish species.View full abstractDownload PDF (969K) -
Norio Inoue, Kazuma Takatori, Toshihiro Motoshige, Haruo Shinano1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2357-2360
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to clarify the effect of storage temperature on the freeze denaturation of fish protein, myosin B solutions in 0.6M KCl prepared from six kinds of fish were frozen and stored at temper-atures in a range of -4 ?? -20°C. The apparent rate constants for the inactivation of myosin B Ca-ATPase (kF) were calculated for comparison. The kF value for each myosin B increased as the temperature decreased from -4 to -10°C, and reached a maximum in the range of -10 ?? -11°C. Since this temperature range was very close to the eutectic point of KCl (-11.1°C), it was suggested that the denaturation of myosin B during frozen storage is affected by the concentrated KCl solution yielded in the range above the eutectic point. The kF values at each frozen-storage temperature differed in each fishView full abstractDownload PDF (292K) -
Kuniko Yamaguchi, Manabu Kitamikado, Takahiko Aoki, Toshiyoshi Araki1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2361-2365
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn the extract from acetone powder of topshell hepatopancreas, the activity of β-1, 3-xylanase is too low to isolate protoplasts from algal thalli. In our previous study, β-1, 3-xy-lanase was prepared from Vibrio sp. AX-4 by using β-1, 3-xylan as an inducer, and was add-ed to the preparation of algal cell wall-degrading enzymes. Since the habitat of Surikogizuta Caulerpa racemosa var. laete-virens which was used as a material for β-1, 3-xylan is limited to a particular region, research for the other materials was undertaken in the present study with regard to five species of green algae, four of brown, four of red, and three of land plants. Dry powder of a green alga, Usuba-aonori Enteromorpha linza was found to be most useful for inducing β-1, 3-xylanase in the culture fluid. The enzyme in the culture fluid containing the Usuba-aonori extract was partially purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and successive Sephadex G-100 column chromatography. The active fractions were pooled and concentrated to 0.85unit/ml. We tried to isolate protoplasts from Oba-asakusa-nori Porphyra tenera var. tamatsuensis by using an enzyme mixture containing this β-1, 3-xylanase and were able to obtain a large number of protoplasts from the algal thalli.View full abstractDownload PDF (1800K) -
Augusto E. Serrano, Fumio Nagayama1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2367-2371
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCompounds that activate tryptophan pyrrolase in other animals like methylene blue, hematin, EDTA, and calciumion did not affect fish enzyme activity. Neutralized ascorbic acid showed an inhibitory effect.
Time-activity and enzyme concentration-activity curves were determined in three methods of assay.
Km was estimated via the Lineweaver-Burk plot to be 80mM.
The enzyme was partially purified by a four-step process: solubilization, DEAE Sephadex A-50 chromatography (batch method), and by two consecutive DEAE Sepharose CL-6B chromatographs. The partially purified enzyme was highly unstable so that no characterization was at all possible.View full abstractDownload PDF (369K) -
Michiko Takai, Yuji Kawai, Norio Inoue, Haruo Shinano1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2373-2378
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESS“Ika-shiokara kurozukuri” (salted and ripened squid meat with liver and ink) was com-pared with “ika-shiokara akazukuri” (salted and ripened squid meat with liver) for the difference in microflora, pH, and the amount of VB-N, Amino-N, TMA, TMAO, and free amino acids during the ripening process. Bacteria isolated from the “Kurozukuri” consisted predominantly of Staphylococcus warneri in the ripening stage and Micrococcus sp. were found to increase markedly in the over-ripe stage. Meanwhile, in the case of “akazukuri” the dominant flora were S. warneri and S. xylosus, during the early and middle ripening stages and S. epidermidis at the deteriorated stage. The amounts of VB-N, Amino-N, pH, and TMA of the “kurozukuri” were always less than those of the “akazukuri”. Sensory evaluation found the “kurozukuri” to have an off-odor for twice as long as the “akazukuri”. These findings suggest that the squid ink favorably influences microflora and chemical properties of the “kurozukuri”.View full abstractDownload PDF (435K) -
Tsukasa Ehara, Toru Tamiya, Takahide Tsuchiya1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2379-2382
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe profiles of the proteolytic activity in autolysis of the Decapoda mantle muscle were studied by SDS-PAGE.
The experimental materials used for this study were five kinds of squid and two kinds of cuttlefish.
Degradations of myosin heavy chain of squid except for bigfin reef squid were observed in autolysis of extract from the mantle muscle at pH 7.0 and 4°C for 5h. This myosin-degrading activity was strongly inhibited by metallo proteinase inhibitors such as EDTA and 1, 10-phe-nanthroline.
On the other hand, no myosin heavy chain degrading activity was observed in cuttlefish mantle muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (2537K) -
Haruka Iida, Koji Nakamura, Toshio Tokunaga1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2383-2390
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSChemical compositions, especially non-protein nitrogenous constituents of extractives from 14 kinds of squid and octopus caught in far seas, were analyzed to research the possibility of utilization as human food.
The constituent of the extractive nitrogenous compounds was markedly different depending on the species. The ammonia content in muscle varied widely depending on the kind of squid. The highest value, 756mg-N/100g, was found in muchi-ika Mastigoteuthis sp., followed by yurei-ika Chiroteuthis imperator and yatsude-ika Octopoteuthis sp., which can be called true ammoniaic squid. In addition to ammonia, large amounts of TMA-N and DMA-N were deter-mined in several kinds of squid such as hotaru-ika-modoki Enoploteuthis chunu, suji-ika Eucleo-teuthis luminosa, and muchi-ika.
In very large squid, giant squid Architeuthis japonica and nyudo-ika Moroteuthis robusta, extremely high moisture of around 90% was found and a very high level of ammonia was also detected.
It is confirmed that the ammonia in squid muscle exists as ammonium chloride, because the concentration of chloride ion was almost equivalent to that of ammonium ion in all spec-imens analyzed.
Composition and concentration of free amino acids varied also depending on the species. Generally, the concentration of free amino acids in oceanic squid was lower than that in normal squid.
Considering the chemical characteristics of ammoniaic squid, it may be difficult to use them as human food.View full abstractDownload PDF (500K) -
Kenji Endo, Yuji Nagashima, Munehiko Tanaka, Takeshi Taguchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2391-2395
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe effects of gas treatment on the thermal gelation of flying fish muscle proteins were inves-tigated by means of jelly strength and ATPase activity measurements. The thermal gelation curves of the muscle paste by gas-treatment (N2, CO2, O2 gases, and aseptic air) showed very high values over all the temperatures tested. During the gas treatment, the surface proteins were concentrated by dehydration. The gas treatment for actomyosin sols also gave the high levels of jelly strength. When the actomyosin (20mg protein/g) was gas-treated, the Mg- and Ca-ATPase activities showed a tendency to decrease with the prolonged gas-treating time, and the EDTA-ATPase activity decreased after showing a slight increase. The thermal activation of the actomyosin Mg-ATPase was heightened by gas treatment.View full abstractDownload PDF (338K) -
Hideo Hatate, Masayuki Kochi1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2397
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (94K) -
Naoyuki Uchida, Masayuki Yamada, Kohei Yamamoto, Hirosi Anzai, Eiichi ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 12 Pages 2399
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (1025K)
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