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Volume 58, Issue 4
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Tatsuro Murayama1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 601-609
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper deals with 815 samples of vertebral centrum of yellowtail caught in the Tsushima Warm Current area. Consequently, the following results were obtained: first, the rings of the vertebral centrum of young yellowtail appear between January and May. Second, the growth of yellowtail caught in the Tsushima Warm Current area in recent years is similar to that of fish caught in the Pacific Ocean in the mid-1960's. It is better than the growth of yellowtail caught in Wakasa Bay and Tsushima Islands around 1960. Third, the growth of young yellow-tail shows considerably different trends among coastal areas. That is, the growth in southern areas is better than that in northern areas, at least between the ages of one and three years old. Finally, the local groups of young yellowtail are expected to be more or less independent of one another among the coastal areas. Consequently, the present paper proposes the following hypothesis: the difference in the growth of young yellowtail results from the difference in temperature between the areas.View full abstractDownload PDF (1161K) -
Tetsuo Yamada, Kosaku Yamaoka, Nobuhiko Taniguchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 611-617
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe behaviour, distribution, and population size changes of artificially-bred O-group red sea bream Pagrus major were studied after releasing twice in a small fishing port. Three types of behaviour were distinguished in the fish released: 1) school, 2) aggregation, and 3) solitary. The number of solitary individuals of the first released group increased in a logistic curve, which seems to show that there exists a carrying capacity for the released population of red sea bream in the small fishing port. By contrast, that of the second released group did not show a distinct increase. The differences in the recruitment pattern between the first and second released groups suggest that the effect of prior residence works, intermediated by the territorial behaviour of solitary individuals of the first released group.View full abstractDownload PDF (520K) -
Hisayuki Arakawa, Kanau Matsuike1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 619-625
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrom the point of view that the desolation of seaweed-beds was largely due to increased quantities of micro-particles suspended in water and/or deposited on the seabed, the influence exerted on sedimentation velocity and zoospore insertions of brown algae by suspended matter was examined in our previous report. In this report, the influence exerted on the insertion of zoospores, germination, servival, and maturation of gametophytes of brown algae in accordance with quantities of sediments has been studied.
Both Undaria pinnatifida and Ecklonia cava are employed also for the experiments of this time as samples. If the number of zoosporei nsertions under conditions of no sediments adhering to the substrate is taken to be 100%, it decreases to 50% when a sediment quantity of 0.5mg/cm2 (i.e. approx. 0.008mm in thickness) is deposited on the substrate, and no zoospore insertions take place when the sediment deposition becomes as much as 3mg/cmz. Following a similar way of thinking in respect to the germination of their gametophytes, it (i.e. 100%) also decreases to approx. 40% under conditions of 1mg/cm2, and no germination takes place under conditions of 10mg/cm2. Their survival rate also decreases to approx. 50% under conditions of 1mg/cm2, and there are no survivals at all under conditions of 10mg/cm2. Their maturation rate also reduces to approx. 50% under conditions of 0.25mg/cm2, and no maturation develops under conditions of 1mg/cm2.View full abstractDownload PDF (465K) -
Chun-Te Chen, Ko Matuda, Yau-Shou Chow, Tadashi Tokai1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 627-635
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis paper analyzes the mesh selectivity of square and diamond condends of bottom trawl nets. Recently, the catch per unit effort of bottom trawls in the Taiwan Straits has declined and the mean body length of the major species has become smaller and smaller, which suggests overfishing. As one way of controlling demersal fish resources in the Taiwan Straits, it is necessary to study square mesh selectivity which is reported to be effective for simple key species trawl fishery as seen in Europe. A series of cover-net fishing experiments was carried out in the waters of the Taiwan Straits with square mesh and diamond mesh codends. The covernet used was 32mm square mesh and the two codends, square mesh and diamond mesh, were made with 45, 54, 60, and 70mm meshes in internal stretched measure (2 bars and 1 knot). Of the mesh selectivity of six major species obtained, the square mesh codend had a larger selection factor (SF) with a smaller selection span (SP) within the same mesh size category. This result shows that the square mesh codend, as compared with the diamond mesh codend, is more effective for the protection of immature fishes.View full abstractDownload PDF (1229K) -
Fujio Kasamatsu, Syoiti Tanaka1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 637-651
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA study was conducted on yearly changes of prey species of minke whales off Japan, using data recorded by whalers on the stomach contents of 10, 164 minke whales taken in coastal whaling operations from 1948-87. Clear changes in the diet were observed in three recognized whaling grounds off the Pacific coast of northern Japan in the southern Sea of Okhotsk after the mid-1970's, notably the emergence of Japanese pilchard as a major prey species. A clear upward trend in the incidence of whales having Japanese pilchard coincided with an increase in catch and index of abundance of this species in commercial fisheries. A pronounced change of prey species from chub mackerel to Japanese pilchard was observed off the Pacific coast of Hokkaido in 1977, while the dominant species taken by purse seine fisheries in the same area in 1976 also changed from chub mackerel to Japanese pilchard. The relationship between changes in the diet of minke whales and changes of dominant species in the pelagic biocenosis is discussed.View full abstractDownload PDF (1022K) -
Katsuhiro Nishimori, Tatsu Kishida, Hiroyuki Matsuda1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 653-657
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMethods for forecasting fishing conditions and for resource management of ayu Plecoglossus altivelis in Lake Biwa was investigated. The annual catch in number was predicted by the number of larvae sampled by net survey. Since the growth of ayu seems to be influenced by water temperature and population density, mean body weight over the year of landed fish was estimated by the number of days of snowfall and the number of larvae sampled. The number of days of snowfall is an index of the minimum water temperature. Annual catch in weight can be estimated by the number of days of snowfall. The commercial value of ayu reaches its maximum at an appropriate body weight, therefore resource management was discussed; in other words, how many larvae should be released depending on the number of days of snowfall. It is expected that mean body weight will be kept suitable if the larval density is increased in years when there is little snowfall, and vice versa.View full abstractDownload PDF (360K) -
Nobuyoshi Nanba, Takeo Okuda1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 659-663
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSEgg release in tagged individuals of five fucalean species was studied between June 1987 and June 1988 in Tsuyazaki, northern Kyushu, Japan, where water temperature ranges from 10.1 to 28.9°C. Sargassum macrocarpum released eggs in summer, S. autumnale and S. ringgol-dianum ssp. coreanum in autumn, and S. siliquastrum in spring. In Myagropsis myagroides, some individuals began to release eggs in early winter, but many individuals released eggs from late winter to mid-spring. These results indicate that egg release of fucalean species can be observed throughout the year in this study site. S. macrocarpum mainly released eggs both in the spring tides and the neap tides, and M. myagroides soon after the neap tides, but in other species eggs were not released at periodic intervals. Germlings remained on the receptacles for only one day in S. ringgoldianum ssp. coreanum and S. autumnale, two days in S. macro-carpum, from one to six days in S. siliquastrum, and from seven to eleven days in M. myagroides.View full abstractDownload PDF (332K) -
Jun Ohtomi, Naohiro Nakata, Makoto Shimizu1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 665-670
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn Tokyo Bay small-scale trawlers discard considerable percentages of their catch of the Japanese mantis shrimp Oratosquilla oratoria, but no quantitative survey has so far been carried out. We aimed at making clear the actual fishing mortality, performed a monthly survey on discard percentages from April 1989 to April 1990 to discover seasonal changes, and estimated mortality rate after discarding through simultaneous on board experiments. The results revealed that both the discard percentage and the mortality of the discarded individuals are highest in summer, which was considered to be caused mainly by high air temperature. In total, individuals 2.4 times as large as those landed were discarded and died in a year.View full abstractDownload PDF (425K) -
Shi-Yen Shiau, Fun-Lin Jan1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 671-675
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA 14-week growth study was conducted to estimate the optimal ascorbic acid requirement in diets for hybrid juvenile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus×O. aureus. Purified diets with seven levels (0, 40, 60, 80, 100, 125, 150, and 200mg/kg diet) of supplemental L-ascorbic acid were pelleted and fed to 1.12±0.11g tilapia. Results indicated that fish fed diets lacking or low (40mg/kg) supplementary ascorbic acid had poor growth, feed conversion ratio (FCR), and protein efficiency ratio (PER); low ascorbic acid contents in the liver and body, also low haematocrit values in the blood. Deficiency of ascorbic acid resulted in a mortality of 37.78%. Weight gain analyzed by broken line regression indicated that the dietray ascorbic acid requirement for maximal growth in tilapia is 79mg/kg.View full abstractDownload PDF (364K) -
Takehito Tambo, Norihiko Yamada, Nagayoshi Kitada1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 677-683
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMeat blocks of walleye pollack and horse mackerel were soaked in various concentrations of NaCl solution in a range between 1.0 and 3.0M. During the soaking, the changes in NaCl concentration, myofibrillar Ca-ATPase activity, and subunit composition of myofibrillar protein of the meat were measured. The results obtained were as follows: (1) NaCl permeated quickly into the meat at an early stage of soaking and reached its maximum plateau. The maximum value increased as the NaCl concentration of the soaking medium increased. (2) By increasing the NaCl concentration of the soaking medium, the rate of inactivation of myofibrillar Ca-ATPase of the meat was increased. (3) When the NaCl concentration of the soaking medium was low, cross-linking reaction of myosin heavy chains in the meat proceeded rapidly at an early stage of the soaking, but its rate was suppressed in the following period. (4) Regardless of the NaCl concentrations of the soaking medium employed, the progress of the cross-linking reaction was dependent on the integrated value of salt concentration of the meat and the soaking time.View full abstractDownload PDF (1301K) -
Takehito Tambo, Norihiko Yamada, Nagayoshi Kitada1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 685-691
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSMinced meat from horse mackerel was soaked in 3M NaCl solution for various periods at 4°C, in order to set the NaCl concentration of the meat in the range of 0.14-1.90M. The cured meat was then dehydrated at 20, 30, and 40°C, and the changes in myofibrillar Ca-ATPase activity, salt concentration, and myosin heavy chain in the meat were investigated as a function of the dehydration time.
With the increase in salt concentration of the cured meat together with the rise in tempera-ture applied to dehydration, myofibrillar Ca-ATPase was rapidly inactivated. On the other hand, myosin heavy chain in the cured meat only decreased with concomitant formation of its polymer when the cured meat containing 0.68-1.60M NaCl was subjected to dehydration at 30°C However, almost no change occurred during dehydration of such cured meat at 20 or 40°C.
The results propose a favourable process for manufacturiing dried products from salted horse mackerel.View full abstractDownload PDF (557K) -
Shuji Miyano, Kiyoe Satoh, Kiyoshi Kitazume, Norikazu Nakagawa, Noboru ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 693-699
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrozen surimi of walleye pollack was ground with 2.5% NaCl and cooked by a twin-screw extruder (Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) at 160-170°C of barrel temperature. The ex-truder-product thus prepared was solubilized with a 2% SDS-8M urea-2% 2-mercaptoethanol-20mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) mixture and subjected to analysis of the subunit composition of myofi-brillar protein by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis.
Densitometric scanning data were compared among those from surimi as raw material, extruder-product from salt-ground surimi, and heated surimi by retort. The latter two were produced under varied temperatures and times for heating.
The results revealed that not only myosin heavy chain but also other components, such as actin, tropomyosin, troponin, and myosin light chains were all involved to form a high molecular weight product during extrusion cooking at 165 ?? 170°C of barrel temperature.
There was a cldear discrepancy between the modes of forming higher molecular weight product from myofibrillar protein of surimi, induced by extruder- and retort-cooking.View full abstractDownload PDF (1807K) -
Toshio Takeuchi, Toshihisa Arakawa, Yasuhiko Shiina, Shuichi Satoh, Ke ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 701-705
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThis experiment was conducted to investigate the availability of dietary gelatinized starch (α-) and raw starch (β-) as an energy source in diet for juvenile striped jack and yellowtail. Both fish were fed three kinds of diets containing either 10% α- or β-starch, and a mixture of both starch at 5% each. The gelatinized ratio (GR) of these diets was 100, 16.6, and 50.0%, respectively.
The highest daily feed consumption was observed in fish fed the diet containing 10% β-starch in both experiments. This value was decreased when the content of α-starch in diet increased. The fish fed the diet containing 10% β-starch in both experiments showed the lowest percent gain, feed efficiency, and PER. Crude lipid contents in whole body of fish fed diets containing 10% β-starch alone were lowest among the treatments in both experiments. These results indicated that a supplement of β-starch alone as a dietary carbohydrate source is not effectively utilized for growth of striped jack and yellowtail. On the other hand, good performances were observed in fish fed the diet containing 10% α-starch and a mixture of both starch at 5% each.
Thus, these results suggested that the GR of diet for both striped jack and yellowtail should be above 50% in order to achieve better growth performances, at least half of dietary carbohydrate must be α-starch at a supplemental level of 10%.View full abstractDownload PDF (344K) -
Toshio Takeuchi, Toshihisa Arakawa, Shuichi Satoh, Takeshi Watanabe1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 707-713
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA feeding experiment was conducted to determine the requirement for juvenile striped jack of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and/or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and growth-enhancing effect of phosphatidyl choline (PC) and phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE) when they were supplemented to defatted fish meal diets containing 0.05% n-3 highly unsaturated fatty acids (n-3HUFA).
Fish fed a diet without supplemental essential fatty acids (EFA) showed low feed efficiency and high mortality was observed after 7 days of feeding (21 days from pre-feeding experiment), even though no external deficiency sign was visible. The cumulative mortality of this group was 48% after the 16th day.
The results of this experiment on the EFA of juvenile striped jack can be concluded as follows:
1) DHA is more effective than EPA as EFA;
2) requirement for DHA alone is about 1.7% in diet;
3) EPA content in diet should be less than 0.8% to prevent ill effects;
4) the ratio 18:1 to n-3HUFA in polar lipid fraction of whole body can be used as an EFA index for striped jack, a ratio less than 1 satisfying the EFA requirement;
5) Supplementation of 1.5% PC promoted good growth until about 3.3g body weight, whereas PE was in-effective.View full abstractDownload PDF (450K) -
Masato Kinoshita, Haruhiko Toyohara, Yutaka Shimizu, Morihiko Sakaguch ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 715-720
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA novel modori-inducing proteinase optimally active at 50°C was purified to apparent homo-geneity from sarcoplasmic fraction of threadfin bream muscle using a combination of chromato-graphies on DEAE-cellulose, hydroxylapatite, Ultrogel AcA34, and TSK-gel G3000SWXL. This proteinase was distinguished from sarcoplasmic 60°C modori-inducing proteinase (Sp-60-MIP) purified from the same species in following points; (1) this novel proteinase degraded myosin heavy chain optimally at 50°C but did not do it at 60°C and (2) the molecular weight of this proteinase (500, 000) was higher than that of Sp-60-MIP (77, 000). However, this novel proteinase was found to share common properties with Sp-60-MIP in the respect of substrate specificity (trypsin-like) and inhibitor spectra (serine proteinase-like). This line of evidence suggests that trypsin-like serine proteinases play important roles in developing modori-phenomenon but major candidates for the phenomenon occurring at 50 and 60°C are clearly distinct.View full abstractDownload PDF (2905K) -
Toru Ota, Toru Takagi1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 721-725
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe lipid classes and fatty acids of flesh, liver, and gonad from male cresthead flounder Li-manda schrenki were investigated with special reference to furan fatty acids (F acids).
The major lipid classes were phospholipids (PL)(60.0-69.4% of total lipids), followed by triacylglycerols (TG)(19.8%) in the flesh, free fatty acids (FFA)(16.4%) in the liver, and sterols (ST)(25.0%) in the testis. The liver lipids contained particularly large amounts (9.2%) of sterol esters (SE) when compared to those from flesh and testis.
F acids were found in liver lipids in high amounts (12.22% of total fatty acids), but in the flesh and testis, in much smaller amounts (less than 0.3%). In the liver lipid classes, F acid content was 53.09% of total fatty acids in SE, 9.06% in TG, 7.46% in FFA, and 4.86% in PL.
In F acids of liver SE, F4 (12, 15-epoxy-13, 14-dimethyloctadeca-12, 14-dienoic) acid was the major component (60.5% of total F acids), following by F8 acid (31.4%) and F5 acid (4.5%).View full abstractDownload PDF (372K) -
Takeshi Uemura, Miki Nakao, Tomoki Yano1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 727-733
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSThe second component (C2) of carp complement was isolated from carp serum by a six-step purification procedure: 1) affinity chromatography on Blue-Cellulofine, 2) affinity chromatography on heparin-agarose, 3) gel filtration on Sephadex G-200, 4) TSKgel DEAE-5PW chromatography (HPLC), 5) TSKgel Heparin-5PW chromatography (HPLC), and 6) TSKgel G3000SWXL chro-matography (HPLC). Hemolytic activity of carp C2 in column eluates was measured using EAC14 (sheep erythrocytes sensitized with carp antibody, C1 and C4) and heat-inactivated carp serum (deficient in C1 and C2) as reagents for detecting C2.
About 0.4mg of carp C2 was obtained from 100ml of serum. The final recovery was 9.4%, representing a 799-fold purification. Carp C2 was composed of a single polypeptide chain with molecular weight of 108, 000 and was susceptible to heat-inactivation at 45°C. These physicochemi-cal properties of carp C2 closely resemble those reported for mammalian C2.View full abstractDownload PDF (2070K) -
Masahito Matsukawa, Katsuhiko Sakurada, Ken-ichi Arai1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 735-742
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSFrozen surimi from walleye pollack was ground with 2.5% NaCl together with/without 0.3% Na-pyrophosphate (PPi) and incubated at 10-60°C, followed by heating at 90°C for 20min. The quality of setting and setting-heating gels thus prepared was evaluated as follows: (1) At 20°C and below, addition of PPi caused an appreciable decrease in the formation of cross-linked myosin heavy chain of larger molecular size, accompanied by an increase in breaking strain without changing the breaking strength of the setting-heating gel. (2) Essentially, At 40°C and over, the cross-linking reaction of myosin heavy chain of salt-ground meat was hardly observed. The addition of PPi suppressed such reaction further and reduced the formation of cross-linked myosin heavy chain.The breaking strength of heating get formed from the same salt-ground meat inface decreased while its breaking strain increased with PPi.
These results manifested that the effect of PPi on the production of setting gel and setting-heating gels depended considerably on the temperature and period for setting of salt-ground meat.View full abstractDownload PDF (580K) -
Chao-Huang Tseng, Kuniko Yamaguchi, Manabu Kitamikado1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 743-749
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSTwo types of alginate lyase [EC 4. 2. 2. 3] were purified from Vibrio sp. AL-9; one was shown to be specific for α-1, 4 bonds involving L-guluronate units in alginate and the other was to cleave β-1, 4 bonds involving D-mannuronate units. Both enzymes were homogeneous as judged from SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Their molecular weights were estimated to be 25, 000 and 31, 000, respectively, by a sucrose density gradient of centrifugation. According to the criteria of Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, the strain was assigned to the species Vibrio algino-lyticus.View full abstractDownload PDF (1982K) -
Kazuma Takatori, Norio Inoue, Haruo Shinano1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 751-758
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSIn order to investigate the effect of KCl and temperature on the freeze denaturation of myosin B prepared from seven kinds of fish, myosin B-KCl solutions were stored under un-frozen conditions in a range of 0 ?? -8°C with various combinations of KCl concentrations and storage temperatures. The rate constant (kF) for inactivation of myosin B Ca-ATPase was affected by changes in KCl concentration rather than temperature in the range above the eutectic point of the KCl solution. The effect of KCl concentration differed markedly in each fish. When the change of the subunit composition in myosin B was compared in terms of changes in various ATPase activities, thermal inactivation mode of myosin B Ca-ATPase and content of soluble components in 0.1M KCl solution, it was found that the rates of denaturation of F-actin and of the enzymatic site of myosin molecule differed in each fish, i.e. carp, rainbow trout, and fat greenling.View full abstractDownload PDF (1387K) -
Yasuhiro Yamamoto, Shoichi Nanbu, Ken-ichi Arai1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 759-766
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA new type of frozen surimi was prepared from walleye pollack upon addition of 5% sorbitol, 4% sucrose, 0.05% Ca-citrate, 0.05% Ca-lactate, 0.1% NaHCO3, and 0.3% Na-polyphosphate. By investigating myofibrillar Ca-ATPase total activity of surimi and setting-gel-forming ability along with cross-linking ability of myosin heavy chain of salt-ground meat from the same surimi, the quality of such frozen surimi was compared with that of standard frozen surimi, which contained 5% sorbitol, 4% sucrose, and 0.3% Na-polyphosphate.
The results showed that the rate of setting-gel formation together with that of cross-linking of myosin heavy chain were both enhanced in the case of salt-ground meat from the new type of surimi, while the mass in quality together with the quantity of myofibrillar protein in both types of surimi were practically identical.
It is thus evident that the quality of frozen surimi was considerably improved with the aid of new additives such as carboxylic acid salt, as mentioned above.View full abstractDownload PDF (564K) -
Katsuji Morioka, Kenji Kurashima, Yutaka Shimizu1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 767-772
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSHeat-gelling properties of sarcoplasmic protein (Sp-P) from Pacific mackerel were studied under different conditions of protein concentration, temperature, pH, and NaCl concentration. Species variation in the gelling capacity of Sp-P was also examined with 9 fish species, includ-ing Pacific mackerel. The results obtained were as follows.
(1) Gels which could be subjected to a puncture test were obtained at concentrations of 10% Sp-P or more. With an increase in concentrations the puncture strength of the gel in-creased progressively, while the breaking dent changed little in a range of concentration from 10 to 20%. (2) Gelation was observed at temperatures of 60°C or more. The strongest gel was obtained at 65°C (3) NaCl had a favorable influence upon the gelation of Sp-P. Jelly strength increased progressively with an increase of NaCl concentration up to 2.5%. (4) Opti-mum region of pH for gelation was found to range from 7.5 to 9.0. (5) The jelly strength order of Sp-P gels from 9 fish species was as follows: skipjack, yellowfin tuna ?? rainbow trout, red sea bream>Pacific mackerel, sardine>tilapia, crucian carp, carp.View full abstractDownload PDF (1087K) -
Chao-Hua Zhang, Toshiyuki Hirano, Takeshi Suzuki, Takaaki Shirai, Akih ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 773-779
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSVolatile compounds collected into Tenax TA from fresh smelt Osmerus eperlanus mordax were analyzed by GC-sniffiing and identified by GC-MS. The strong cucumber-like aroma of smelt was characterized by the following C9 carbonyls and alcohols: (E, Z)-2, 6-nonadienal, (E)-2-nonenal, (E, Z)-2, 6-nonadienol, 3, 6-nonadien-l-ol, (E)-2-nonenol, and (Z)-6-nonenol. Among these compounds, (E, Z)-2, 6-nonadienal was found to make a most important contribution to the aroma of smelt.
On the other hand, the activity of a lipoxygenase-like enzyme was found in the skin and gill of smelt. The crude skin enzyme exhibited nearly the same activity towards such sub-strates as arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic, and docosahexaenoic acids, but showed a negligible response to linoleic and linolenic acids. The C9 carbonyls contributing to the smelt aroma were found to be specifically generated from the oxidation of polyunsaturated fatty acids by the smelt skin enzyme system.View full abstractDownload PDF (456K) -
Kazuo Shiomi, Satoshi Tsuchiya, Kuniyoshi Shimakura, Takeaki Kikuchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 781-786
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSA proteinaceous toxin in the skin mucus of the Japanese eel Anguilla japonica was purified to an electrophoreti cally pure state by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography and HPLC on TSKgel DEAE-5PW and TSKgel G3000SW. Glycerol was found to be very effective to stabilize the toxin. It was noticeable that the purified toxin was highly lethal to mice; the estimated intravenous LD50 was as low as 3.1μg/kg. The molecular weight of the intact toxin was determined to be 400, 000 by HPLC on TSKgel G3000SW. Results in SDS slab electrophoresis suggested that the toxin was comprised of two subunits with molecular weights of 230, 000 and 110, 000. Glycine and alanine were abundant in the toxin while sulfur-containing amino acids (methionine and half-cystine) and two aromatic amino acids (tyrosine and tryptophan) were poor.View full abstractDownload PDF (1068K) -
Misuzu Matsumoto, Hideaki Yamanaka1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 787-791
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSCulinary “arai” was prepared by washing the muscles from the legs of live tanner crab in water at 0°C for 2 min, at 18°C for 1 min, and at 49°C for 20s, respectively.
Sensory panel members distinguished “arai” prepared at 49°C from the others, in addition to which they showed an overall preference for it. “Arai” prepared at 49°C was significantly opaque, elastic, and tasty. After “arai” treatments, ATP and arginine phosphate decreased and lactate increased in the muscle, especially in “arai” prepared at 49°C. This means that a rapid degradation of ATP, which was produced from arginine phosphate and glycolysis, occurred in the “arai” treatment at 49°C. In addition, it was observed that muscle fiber curved distinctly in optical microscopy of “arai” prepared at 49°C. The total amounts of free amino acids were lower in “arai” prepared at 49°C than in the others. The amounts of glucose, organic acids except lactate, and homarine did not differ among the three “arai” samples. However, a large amount of AMP was accumulated and GMP was detected in “arai” prepared at 49°C. These results suggested that AMP and GMP in “arai” prepared at 49°C contributed to its strong taste. The composition of extractive components in “arai” prepared at 49°C was similar to that of cooked tanner crab muscle.View full abstractDownload PDF (1383K) -
Hideki Tsuchiya, Satoshi Kita, Nobuo Seki1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 793-798
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSWhite dorsal muscles excised freshly from carp and rainbow trout were stored at 0 and 20°C, and protein degradation patterns were analyzed by SDS-PAGE.
It was revealed that α-actinin in carp muscle decreased with concomitant formation of a fragment within 3 days storage at 0°C. At the same time, carp myofibrils became to be fragmented. In rainbow trout muscle, α-actinin was not cleaved at all over the storage period of 4 days even at 20°C, but slowly increased in solubilization. The fragmentation of rainbow trout myofibrils pro-ceeded slowly.
α-Connectin was completely cleaved into β-connectin and a 400 kDa fragment within 2 and 4 days storage at 0°C in carp and rainbow trout muscles, respectively. At 20°C, the disappearance of α-connectin was remarkably accelerated in both muscles.
In postmortem fish muscle, it was suggested that disintegration of the structure of myofibrils might progressively proceed by the following successive reactions: first of all, the cleavage of α-connectin occurred and followed by solubilization and degradation of α-actinin and change in nebulin, and then β-connectin and troponin were degraded. The major proteins of the myofibrils (myosin, actin, and tropomyosin) remained unchanged.View full abstractDownload PDF (3137K) -
Toshiko Daikoku, Morihiko Sakaguchi1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 799
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
JOURNAL FREE ACCESSDownload PDF (94K) -
Minoru Morikawa, Seiji Sugimoto, Yoshiharu Yokoo, Shingo Niimi, Eriko ...1992 Volume 58 Issue 4 Pages 801
Published: 1992
Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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Released on J-STAGE: February 29, 2008
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