巻号一覧
58 巻, 9 号
選択された号の論文の29件中1～29を表示しています
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木本 秀明1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1585-1593
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis report is on the status of gogi-char Salvelinus leucomaenis imbrius stock in Shiso River, a tributary of Hikimi River in Shimane Prefecture. In this study, annual natural and fishing mortality coefficients of gogi-char have been estimated as 0.9322 and 0.7808 respectively by the average age method. Its longevity is six years. The adult stock of gogi-char is between about 22 and 54 percent of its virgin stock. However, a population analysis has made it clear that gogi-char is slightly overfished.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (676K) -
清水 昭男, 木村 関男1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1595-1602
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to clarify the long-term effects of organotin compounds on marine fishes, saltwater goby Chasmichthys dolichognathus were exposed to various concentrations of bis (n-tributyltin) oxide (TBTO) for 4-24 weeks. Measured concentrations of TBTO in test water were about 50% of the nominal ones (0.21-4.2μg/l), and the bioconcentration factors of the fish were 800-6300.
Twenty-four weeks' exposure to 2.1μg/l (measured concentration) of TBTO during the immature and the maturing period resulted in significant depression of both male and female GSI accompanied by distinct inhibition of spermatogenesis in the testes and suppression of yolk accumulation in the ovaries. Male GSIs were also depressed in other exposed groups although spermatogenesis was not apparently inhibited. Main histological changes observed at the end of the exposure were atrophy and necrosis of the hepatic cells, atrophy of the epithelium of the intestine, atrophy and disarrangement of the epiderm cells, and atrophy of the thymus.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2716K) -
藤尾 芳久, 中嶋 正道1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1603-1605
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo estimate genetic load, offspring mortality at birth was measured for random and full-sib matings of the S and F strains in the guppy Poecilia reticulata. Offspring mortality was 1.9% and 2.4% in the random mating of the S and F strains, respectively. On the other hand, the offspring mortality in the full-sib mating was 12.0% in the S strain and 25.4% in F strain. Higher values in the full-sib mating indicate the inbreeding depression which is known as a consequence of homozygosis for a recessive lethal gene and mildly deleterious recessive genes. The remarkable difference in offspring mortality between random and full-sib matings suggests a large amount of mildly deleterious recessive genes as a lethal equivalent in the guppy population.
When the full-sib mating was practiced in successive generations, the offspring mortality decreased. This suggests that selection during inbreeding was successful in the reduction of deleterious recessive genes with the approach of homozygosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (243K) -
巣山 哲, 桜井 泰憲, 目黒 敏美, 島崎 健二1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1607-1614
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe age, growth, and hatch dates of the Pacific saury Cololabis saira in the central North Pacific Ocean were estimated by analysing the microstructure of otoliths. Saury samples were collected by drift nets of several mesh sizes from July to August 1989. Growth increments of otoliths were counted under a scanning electron microscope. The sauries were divided into an almost tri-modal size distribution: a small-sized group ( ?? : 210mm in knob length, range 200-240mm), a medium-sized group ( ?? : 260mm, 240-295mm), and a large-sized group ( ?? : 315mm, more than 295mm). Ages in days of sauries of the large-and medium-sized groups were estimated at 560-690 days and 310-450 days, respectively. Birthdate analyses of the sauries showed that the large- and medium-sized groups were estimated to have hatched from November 1987 to January 1988 and from May to August 1988, respectively. It is estimated that the life span of the saury in the central North Pacific area is about 2 years抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2472K) -
中村 薫1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1615-1620
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーStrengthening the tolerance to cold air exposure, an important subject in the waterless transportation of live fish, was attempted by precooling treatments with the young carp Cyprinus carpio. Electron microscopic observation of the gill and blood gas analysis were conducted. Gradual precooling or direct precooling was performed before 7°C air-exposure to reveal its prolongation effect on the survival time.
In cases of gradual precooling by slowly decreasing the water temperature from 25-27°C to 7°C for the setting time, the cent percent survival curves showed convex patterns. The real maximum of the strengthening effect on the tolerance was 2h by 4h precooling. In the case of direct precooling by 7°C immersion for the setting time, the strengthening effect was not recognized. The precooling rather depressed the survival time.
The cold air exposed carp received damage to gill structure, and acidosis as well as abnormally high pCO2, indicating deficiency of the repsiratory function.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1290K) -
藤田 矢郎, 阿部 宗明, 道津 喜衛1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1621-1625
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (415K) -
藤田 矢郎, 阿部 宗明1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1627-1632
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe induction of ovarian maturation and early development of the puffer Takifugu por-phyreus (Temminck et Schlegel) are described. The brood fish were collected off the coast of Shozanbetsu in northwestern Hokkaido in late June 1986. To each 1kg of body weight of the female, 6mg of acetone-dried pituitary of silver carp was injected to induce ovarian matu-ration, which took place in 79 to 96h at a water temperature of 14.2-15.6°C. The eggs obtained by hormone injection were artificially fertilized with milt from a collected male. The incubation period was about 142h at a water temperature of 15.3-21.0°C. The hatched larvae were fed with rotifers Artemia nauplii and fish meat, and reared for a period of 216 days. The eggs were spherical, 1.28±0.04mm in diameter, demersal and adhesive, nontrans-parent and milky white, containing a cluster of small oil-globules. Newly hatched larvae, measuring 2.53±0.09mm TL, had 8+15=23 myomeres. Absorption of the yolk was completed four days after hatching, when the larvae attained 3.42±0.17mm TL. In a 20-day-old specimen, 13mm TL, the complements of fin rays were completed on all the fins and fish reached the juvenile stage. At the early stage of the juvenile, puffers attacked each other violently and injured the caudal fins of their opponents.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (565K) -
不破 茂, 菊川 浩行, 日高 正康, 今井 健彦, 石崎 宗周1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1633-1640
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis study deals with the shape of groundrope in bottom trawl nets. The shape of groundrope depends on the equilibrium of three forces acting on it: the fluid-dynamic resistance of the netting, the fluid-dynamic resistance of the groundrope, and the sliding frictional force against the sea bed. The shape of groundrope in towing condition was studied on the basis of field experiments in the East China Sea and on theoretical laboratory analysis. Experi-mental results were analyzed with respect to the attack angle of bobbins. The authors analyzed the shape of groundrope based on the assumption that the catenary, the density of twine, in-creases towards the center. The groundrope was divided into small segments and the forces acting on them were calculated. The fluid-dynamic resistance of the netting and the sliding frictional force against the sea bed were calculated in proportion to the amount of the netting area and the weight of the groundrope, respectively.
Two shapes of groundrope, symmetrical and asymmetrical, were obtained by field ex-periments and were compared with theoretical values obtained from laboratory experiments. Both the symmetrical and the asymmetrical shape agreed with the theoretical values, calculated on the basis of the combined top shape of groundrope for convenience. It was proven that the method of analysis employed in this study was effective in considering the shape of ground-rope.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (425K) -
金 文官, 鈴木 誠, 兼廣 春之1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1641-1646
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーWater tank experiments on fish behaviour towards model nets were conducted using tilapia Oreochromis niloticus to compare the leading effects between a straight leader-net and a leader-net with Kaeshi-ami. The difference in leading effects between the two different types was evaluated by the swimming distance along the leader-net and the leading rate of the leader-net. The results showed that the swimming distance along the leader-net with Kaeshi-ami was much longer than that of the straight leader-net. The leading rates of the straight leader-net and leader-net with Kaeshi-ami were 12% and 48%, respectively. Moreover, it was sug-gested that improvements in the construction of Kaeshi-ami can increase its leading effect.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (460K) -
山崎 淳, 桑原 昭彦1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1647-1652
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to examine the distribution patterns during the primary spawning period of the snow crab Chionoecetes opilio, sampling surveys were carried out by means of crab traps from depths between 236m to 250m in the sea off Kyoto Prefecture in October 1986 and 1988, and July 1990
Two groups of female crabs, which were categorized as primiparous females just before and after the first mating and multiparous ones more than a year after mating, tended to form patchy aggregations, mostly separated by the bathymetric boundary of 243m depth. That is, the former was distributed in a shallower area than 243m and the latter in a deeper one. These distribution patterns followed two patchy aggregations of males: one a with small carapace for the primiparous females and the other with a large carapace for multiparous fe-males, respectively.
In mating during the primary spawning period from July to October, the distribution pat-tern of primiparous females concurred with the large scale patchiness of males in non-terminal molt with small carapace size. It is suggested that small males can mate with primiparous females in areas shallower than around 250m.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (495K) -
若園 邦子, 岡島 泰夫, 白井 正孝, 北島 力, 松井 誠一, 田辺 智唯, 松本 二郎1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1653-1658
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe dorsal muscles of the red sea bream Pagrus major, when reared in an outdoor tank, be-come marked with numerous black lines. The darkish appearance of these tissues has been known to be markedly improved upon rearing in dark conditions for three months. In this study, we examined (1) cytological properties of the black lines, (2) their changes under dark adapta-tion and (3) possible implication of acid phosphatase in paling or depigmentation processes using transmission electron microscopy and its associated cytochemistry. The results indicate that (1) the black lines distributed along the blood vessels in muscles of the fish reared in an unshaded out-door tank are composed of a large number of fully differentiated melanophores, each stretching melanosome-laden cytoplasmic processes; (2) the melanophores in the muscles of dark-adapted fish appear as a collapsed mass of melanosomes, indicating that they are in an aggregated state; (3) no apparent difference is observed in acid phosphatase activity between light- and dark-adapted fish.
The similar population density of melanophores in the periphery of the blood vessels between the light- and dark-adapted fish strongly suggests that paling of the muscle tissues induced by dark adaptation results from melanosome aggregation in these cells, and not from a marked decrease of melanophores.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (3424K) -
吉崎 悟朗, 小林 修一, 尾城 隆, 隆島 史夫1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1659-1665
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーRSV-CAT (Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene linked to the long terminal repeat of Rous sarcoma virus) was microinjected into the cytoplasm of 1-cell stage rainbow trout eggs. Eggs were pretreated with reduced-glutathione to facilitate microinjection. The survival rates of microinjected eggs were 77% at the eyed stage, 74% at hatching, and 70% at swimming-up; this did not differ from these of the control group. Seventy-day-old fish were cut along the symmetry axis. Right and left side tissues were utilized for DNA analysis and CAT assay respectively. In 6 individuals out of 10, RSV-CAT was integrated into the host genome and formed head-to-tail and tail-to-tail concatemers. Furthermore, acetylated chloramphenicol was detected in 9 individuals (including the above mentioned 6) out of 10. Therefore, these results suggest that in 6 out of 10 individuals RSV-CAT was expressed after integration into the host genome.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2787K) -
楠田 理一, 夏 春1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1667-1671
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe production of lymphocyte growth-promoting factor(s) by both mitogen-activated leu-cocytes and mixed culture leucocytes of the eel Anguilla japonica was investigated. The leuco-cytes were isolated from the peripheral blood by centrifugation using Ficoll 400-sodium metri-zoate solution. Two kinds of supernatants were collected, one from mitogen-activated leuco-cyte cultures and the other from mixed cultures of leucocytes collected from two eels. Lympho-blasts were prepared by activating the peripheral blood lymphocytes with PHA-P and cul-tured for several days, then incubated in the supernatants from leucocyte culture. The produc-tion of growth-promoting factor(s) was assayed by determining the incorporation of 3H-thy-midine by lymphoblast. The reinforcing action of 2-mercaptoethanol (2-ME) on mitogen-acti-vated leucocytes was also examined. Both the supernatants of mitogen-activated and mixed culture leucocytes showed activities to stimulate the growth of the lymphoblast. Proliferation of the lymphoblasts was also promoted by the IL-2s of humans and mice. No effect of 2-ME was detected. In conclusion, it is confirmed that peripheral blood leucocytes produce lympho-cyte growth-promoting factor(s) in the eel.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (351K) -
原田 泰志, 桜本 和美1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1673-1679
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe stocks of economically valuable fish species are easily depleted, because they are selectively harvested. Although the importance of their recovery is obvious from both conservational and economical viewpoints, it is usually difficult because their intrinsic growth rates are low. Com-petition with species with a larger intrinsic growth rate may further increase the difficulty. In this paper, the fastest way to attain a predetermined target stock level by controlling the harvest is obtained for a two-species competition system. The result indicates that, in order to attain the target rapidly, the stock with the larger intrinsic growth rate should first be harvested intensively and the relative abundance of it should be reduced below that at the target. A suboptimal but practical procedure, which is more acceptable than the optimal one when considering the conserva-tional point of view, is also proposed, and its performance is compared with that of a more con-servational procedure.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (431K) -
ムハマド ザイリン, 古川 清, 会田 勝美1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1681-1685
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA series of trials on induced ovulation were conducted using female walking catfish to examine conditions of maturity under warm water conditions. For this purpose, females were maintained at 23-25°C for along period, either under 12L12D or natural photoperiod. Using 12-37 month-old females, induction of ovulation was achieved with a single injection of HCG (0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1.6, or or 3.2IU/g BW). In all the trials, HCG treatment succeeded in inducing ovulation at dosages of 0.4IU/g BW or higher. Oocytes larger than 770μm responded to HCG and ovulated. These results indicate that female walking catfish can maintain conditions of maturity for an extended time under warm water conditions, and can respond to HCG irrespective of photoperiod.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (346K) -
今田 信良, 小林 邦男, 磯村 計明, 斉藤 英, 木村 繁夫, 田原 康一, 大嶋 雄治1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1687-1692
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーAn autoinhibitor produced by Skeletonema costatum was extracted with ethyl acetate from the cultured medium. The extract dissolved in diluted aqueous NaOH was gel-filtered on Sephadex G-15 with water. The fractions which inhibited the growth of S. costatum were extracted with ethyl acetate, and the extracts were separated by preparative thin-layer chromatography on silica gel with acetone. The active portion was finally purified by high-performance liquid chromatography on ODS with aqueous acetonitrile.
The autoinhibitor thus obtained was identified as 15-hydroxyeicosapentaenoic acid by spec-troscopic data of 13C NMR, 1H-1H COSY, and EIMS, as well as by comparison with an authentic sample.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (356K) -
鈴木 満平, 吉田 勝俊, 浜野 かおる, 芦田 勝朗1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1693-1698
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTwo kinds of 1, 3-β-glucanase were found in extracts from frozen Antarctic krill Euphausia superba. One of them was purified to be homogeneous in disc electrophoresis. The amount of reducing sugars produced from laminaran with this enzyme reaction considerably exceeded the amount of liberated glucose. The enzyme hydrolyzed the periodate-oxidized and reduced laminaran. The enzyme also hydrolyzed laminarioligosaccharides except laminaribiose. However, the enzyme could not hydrolyze (1→3)-β-:(1→4)-β-D-glucan such as barley glucan and lichenan. These findings indicate that this enzyme belongs to the classes of (1→3)-β-D-glucan glucanohydrolase (EC 3. 2. 1. 39).
This enzyme hydrolyzed laminaritriose, but the enzymes classified to EC 3. 2. 1. 39 were reported to have no ability to hydrolyze laminaritriose. Therefore, 1, 3-β-D-glucan glucanohydrolase isolated in this study has a new property in this respect.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1052K) -
松本 行司, 中久喜 輝夫, 山田 芳孝, 新井 健一1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1699-1703
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーTo study the preventive effect of sorbitol against denaturation of myofibrillar protein by freeze-drying, carp myofibrils suspension was mixed with various concentrations of sorbitol in a medium containing 0.16M KCl and 40mM Tris-buffer (pH 7.5), and the changes in Ca-ATPase activity were measured as a function of freeze-drying time. The results obtained were as follows: (1) The activity of Ca-ATPase decreased rapidly in the initial 2h freeze-drying and remained at a definite value during the subsequent freeze-drying period. Thus the first rate constant (kD) for inactivation of Ca-ATPase in the early period was estimated. (2) As the log-arithmic value of kD was inversely proportional to the concentration (a) of sorbitol, the protec-tive effect (E) of sorbitol against the denaturation of myofibrillar protein caused by freeze-drying in the presence of a 1 M sorbitol was estimated in the following equation: E=Δlog kD/a(M-1). (3) As there was a proportional relation between the logarithmic value of remaining Ca-ATPase activity after 2h freeze-drying and concentration (a) of sorbitol, another index (R) for evaluation of the preventive effect of sorbitol against the freeze-drying denaturation of myofibrillar protein was devised as R=Δlog A/a(M-1), where A is the relative value of myofidril-lar Ca-ATPase activity after freeze-drying.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (366K) -
豊原 治彦, 木下 政人, 佐々木 和夫, 山口 茂美, 志水 寛, 坂口 守彦1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1705-1710
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーActivity to inhibit modori (a loss of elasticity of fish jelly occurring in the heating Process of kamaboko production) was examined in the extracts of various plant foodstuffs. Screening of the inhibitor was carried out by measuring the dose-dependent inhibitory effect of the extracts on the Boc-Leu-Thr-Arg-MCA degrading activity of modori-inducing protease optimally active at 50°C. Among 34 Plant foodstuffs tested, the extracts of spinach leaves, corn pepper fruits, potato tubers, red pepper fruits, eggplant fruits, bell pepper fruits, corn seeds, and kiwi fruits demonstrated dose-dependent inhibitory effects on the synthetic peptide-degrading activity of modori-inducing protease.
Among them, spinach leaf extract showed the most prominent inhibition of the modori phenom-enon when it was added to threadfin bream surimi which has a strong modori characteristic. SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that the moderi-inhibiting effect of spinach leaf extract would be due to the inhibitory effect on myosin heavy chain breakdown. The modori-inhibiting activity of spinach leaf extract was stable at 80°C, but was gradually lost when heated to 90°C. The molecular weight of the spinach leaf inhibitor was estimated to be less than 10, 000 by gel filtration.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1120K) -
Christine A. Orosco, Chirapart Anong, 糠谷 三千男, 大野 正夫, 沢村 正義, 楠瀬 博三1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1711-1716
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe yield, gel strength, viscosity, gelling temperature, melting temperature, and pH of agar obtained after alkali treatment (5% NaOH, 60-80, °C 2h) of Gracilaria chorda from Japan were compared with those from G. fisheri of Thailand, G. coronopifolia, G. verrucosa, and G. sp. of the Philippines, and cultured or wild G. edulis of Malaysia. Agar with the highest yield (26.1%) and gel strength (gel strength (GS): 1139±18g/cm2; gelling temperature: 40°C; melting temperature: 95°C) was obtained from G. chorda after alkali treatment at 80°C. These results indicate that G. chorda could be used as a principal source of agar. G. fisheri (GS: 716±8g/cm2), G. verrucosa (GS: 608±14 g/cm2), and G. sp. (GS: 621±4g/cm2) may be utilized as supplementary materials in industrial agar production, although their respective yields at 14.3, 14.7, and 10.8% werelow. Alkali treatment was not effective for cultured G. edulis of Malaysia; however, it maybe used without alkali treatment (GS: 487±10g/cm2) in conventional agar production. Wild G. edulis had a high agar yield (20.6%) but the gel strength was low (331±20g/cm2). G. coronopifolia had the lowest agar yield (10.3 %) and gel strength (201±5g/cm2). Other alkali treatment conditions should be tried for wild G. edulis and G. coronopifolia.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (468K) -
品川 明, 鈴木 徹, 鴻巣 章二1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1717-1722
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーSix species of marine sponges belonging to the class Demospongiae were analyzed for free amino acids and betaines, and changes in their concentrations in two species of intertidal sponges exposed to hypo-and hyperosmotic stresses were investigated.
The concentration profile of individual free amino acids and betaines in those sponges was characterized by a high level of glycine. Especially, two intertidal species, Halichondria okadai and H. japonica, were very rich in this amino acid. The amount of cyclic betaines such as homarine and trigonelline more or less exceeded that of ω-betaines such as glycinebetaine, β-alaninebetaine, and ϒ-butyrobetaine. The trigonelline level in H. japonica was particularly high.
Although most of free amino acids and betaines in the two intertidal sponges fluctuated in response to salinity changes, the major portion of the total change in those components was at-tributable to glycine. Under high salinity conditions, trigonelline in H. japonica also played a significant role in intracellular osmoregulation.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (431K) -
折笠 千登世, 兵藤 晋, 浦野 明央1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1723-1727
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーGrowth hormone (GH) and prolactin (PRL), which are secreted by the pituitary gland, are considered to have important roles in the development and growth of fish as well as other vertebrates. We therefore studied ontogeny of GH and PRL immunoreactive (ir) cells in the pituitaries of anguil-liform leptocephali, the total length (TL) of which varied from 17 to 51mm. GH-ir cells were mainly located as a small cell mass in the dorsal part of the proximal pars distalis (PPD). A small number of GH-ir cells were also found in the rostral pars distalis (RPD) where PRL-ir cells were dominant, indicating that some GH cells were scattered among the PRL cells in the leptocephalus pituitary. PRL-ir cells were distributed within but throughout the RPD. Although no significant changes were found in the number of either GH-ir or PRL-ir cells, the staining intensity and cell sizes for these cells apparently increased during growth. These results indicate that leptocephalus GH and PRL cells may not actively secrete, but gradually store up hormones before metamorphosis.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1137K) -
Wanchai Worawattanamateekul, 奥谷 康一1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1729-1733
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA marine bacterium designated MIL-1, which was originally isolated from the green algae Codium fragile produced a sulfated polysaccharide when grown in a seawater medium containing sucrose. Isolation of this polysaccharide was accomplished by precipitation with ethanol and Cetavlon, followed by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. This polysaccharide prepar-ation which was homogeneous in both ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic analyses was composed of galactose, rhamnose, and sulfate at a molar ratio of 1:1:1, together with O-acetyl groups.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (2028K) -
松田 政広, Wanchai Worawattanamateekul, 奥谷 康一1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1735-1741
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーA marine Pseudomonas species designated WAK-1 strain which was originally isolated from the brown seaweed Undaria pinnatifida produces an acidic muco (A-1)- and a sulfated (B-1) poly-saccharides when grown in a seawater medium containing sucrose. Isolation and purification of these polysaccharides have been accomplished by precipitation with ethanol and Cetavlon, fol-lowed by DEAE-cellulose column chromatography. These polysaccharide preparations were homogeneous in both ultracentrifugal and electrophoretic analyses. A-1 was composed of gala-tosamine, glucuronic acid, and pyruvate at a molar ratio of 3:1:1, while B-1 was composed of galactose, glucose, and sulfate at a molar ratios of 2:1:2.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1866K) -
竹内 俊郎, 渡邊 教美, 佐藤 秀一, 渡邉 武1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1743-1749
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThis experiment was intended to identify the vitamin E (VE)-deficiency symptoms and to determine the requirement of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella for α-tocopherol. For this purpose grass carp fingerlings weighing 4.5g on average were fed diets with various levels of α-tocopherol.
Fish fed an α-tocopherol deficient diet showed the so-called 'sekoke disease', a similar symptom to the apparent muscular dystrophy of carp, characterized by a marked loss of flesh in the back, while also revealing high moisture and low protein contents in muscles, and the reduction of α-tocopherol content in hepatopancreas and muscle. Lordsis was also observed in fish fed the α-tocopherol deficient diet. Symptoms such as the apparent muscular dystrophy with or without lordsis started appearing from the 9th week of feeding (the 16th week from the pre-feeding experi-ment). Even though fish fed 5 and 10mg of α-tocopherol showed good growth and feed ef-ficienecy, high incidences of the apparent muscular dystrophy and lordsis were also noted.
Taking into consideration the incidence of the apparent muscular dystrophy and lordsis as well as the tissue levels of α-tocopherol, it is suggested that the requirement of grass carp fingerlings for α-tocopherol is about 20mg per 100g diet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (1705K) -
上西 由翁, 松野 知之, 進藤 穣, 御木 英昌, 西元 諄一1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1751-1755
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe quantitative method of ATP in fish muscle was investigated by the measurement of emitted light intensity using luciferase of the American firefly. The peak of the emitted light spectrum was shown at 554nm. The sensitive assay for ATP was improved by increasing the concentration of the enzyme with the presence of bovine serum albumin, DTT, and EDTA. The regression line was obtained between the emitted light intensity and the ATP concentra-tion in the ranges from 1 to 50μM. The bioluminescent reaction was not inhibited by the dilu-tion of neutralized perchlorate as extractive solvent with 100 volumes of distilled water.
The ATP contents in the extracts of fish muscle were determined both by bioluminescent reaction and by column chromatography. The values obtained by the two different methods almost agreed. Consequently, the bioluminescent reaction of American firefly luciferase could be used for the rapid determination of the ATP contents in fish muscle.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (349K) -
丹羽 栄二, 富永 優子, 加納 哲1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1757-1760
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーIn order to investigate the state of water in food hydrogels from the standpoint of water activity (Aw), their desorption isotherm was recorded at 25°C using a hand-made Aw meter equipped with a thermal conduction type humidity sensor. In the free water region of the isoltherm, little difference was observed between the Aw of 5% gelatin or starch gels and that of their 10% gels, but the Aw of the 10% gels decreased before that of the 5% gels by lowering their water content. The isotherm of kon-nyaku jelly was not unduly changed by heating at 80°C for 10min, but the Aw of chicken mince (pectorals) was increased by heating in the multilayer water region. The Aw decreased in this region by grinding the mince with 3% NaCl, but was not increased unduly by heating the mince after grinding. The addition of 4% dried egg white, soy protein, potato starch, or wheat gluten only slightly decreased the Aw of kamaboko from Alaska pollack frozen surimi in the free water region, but decreased it considerably in the multilayer region except in the case of the starch.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (293K) -
渡邉 武, ウィヤカーン ワラノップ, 木村 創, 小川 健, 岡本 信明, 磯 直道1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1761-1773
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーThe availability of defatted soybean meal (SBM) as a substitute for fish meal in a newly de-veloped soft-dry pellet (SDP) was evaluated in juvenile (160g on average) and adult (1, 200g on average) yellowtail by feeding SDP containing 0-30% SBM for 74 and 143 days, respectively.
Palatability and acceptability in both sizes of fish were not affected by the inclusion of SBM in SDP, while growth and feed gain ratio were slightly reduced at higher SBM levels, probably due to the nitrogenous and caloric imbalance of the diets. There were no marked differences in proximate composition and rheological properties of muscle together with hemochemical par-ameters in either juvenile or adult yellowtail fed on SDP containing 0-30% SBM. Digestibility of crude protein in the experimental SDP and SBM was about 85% regardless of dietary SBM levels, while that of crude starch was reduced by the elevation of dietary SBM levels.
The results of the present study have shown that SBM can be included in the SDP up to 30% as a substitute for fish meal, although elevation of a protein or energy level will be required to obtain feed performances comparable to a fish meal diet.抄録全体を表示PDF形式でダウンロード (842K) -
山崎 誠1992 年 58 巻 9 号 p. 1775
発行日: 1992年
公開日: 2008/02/29
ジャーナル フリーPDF形式でダウンロード (118K)
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